Audio main dates of the exam in history. Dates in history: which specific ones you need to know

The most important dates in Russian history,

things to remember when taking the Unified State Exam

VI century n. e., from 530 - Great Migration of the Slavs. The first mention of the Ros/Russians
860 - the first Russian campaign against Constantinople
862 - The year to which the “Tale of Bygone Years” refers to the “calling of the Norman king” Rurik.
911 - Campaign Prince of Kyiv Oleg to Constantinople and the treaty with Byzantium.
941 - Campaign of the Kyiv prince Igor to Constantinople.
944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - 946 - Submission of the Drevlyans to Kyiv
957 - Princess Olga's trip to Constantinople
964–966 - Svyatoslav’s campaigns against the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yasses and Kasogs
967–971 - War of Prince Svyatoslav with Byzantium
988–990 - The beginning of the baptism of Rus'
1037 - Foundation of the Church of Sophia in Kyiv
1043 - Prince Vladimir's campaign against Byzantium
1045–1050 - Construction of the Temple of Sophia in Novgorod
1054–1073 - Presumably during this period “Pravda Yaroslavichy” appears
1056–1057 - “Ostromir Gospel”
1073 - “Izbornik” of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
1097 - First congress of princes in Lyubech
1100 - Second congress of princes in Uvetichi (Vitichev)
1116 - The Tale of Bygone Years appears in Sylvester's edition
1147 - The first chronicle mention of Moscow
1158–1160 - Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma
1169 - Capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
1170 February 25 - Victory of the Novgorodians over the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
1188 - Approximate date of appearance of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”
1202 - Founding of the Order of the Sword (Livonian Order)
1206 - Temujin is proclaimed “Great Khan” of the Mongols and takes the name Genghis Khan
1223 May 31 - Battle of Russian princes and Polovtsians on the river. Kalke
1224 - Capture of Yuriev (Tartu) by the Germans
1237 - Union of the Order of the Sword and the Teutonic Order
1237–1238 - Invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Rus'
1238 March 4 - Battle of the river. City
1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neve
1240 December 6 (or November 19) - Capture of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars
1242 April 5 - “Battle of the Ice” on Lake Peipus
1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde.
1262 - Uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Rostov, Vladimir, Suzdal, Yaroslavl
1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver
1367 - Construction of the stone Kremlin in Moscow
1378 - The first victory of Russian troops over the Tatars on the river. Vozhe
1380 September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo
1382 - Campaign to Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh
1385 - Krevo Union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland
1395 - Defeat of the Golden Horde by Timur (Tamerlane)
1410 July 15 - Battle of Grunwald. The raid of German knights by Polish-Lithuanian-Russian troops
1469–1472 - Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India
1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni
1480 - “Standing” on the river. Eel. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
1484–1508 - Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets
1507–1508, 1512–1522 - Wars of the Moscow State with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Return of Smolensk and Smolensk land
1510 - Pskov annexed to Moscow
1547 January 16 - Crowning of Ivan IV to the throne
1550 - Code of Law of Ivan the Terrible. Creation of the Streltsy army
1550 October 3 - Decree on the placement of the “chosen thousand” in the counties adjacent to Moscow
1551 - February-May - Hundred-Glavy Cathedral of the Russian Church
1552 - Capture of Kazan by Russian troops. Annexation of the Kazan Khanate
1556 - Astrakhan annexed to Russia
1558–1583 - Livonian War
1565–1572 - Oprichnina
1569 - Union of Lublin. Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1582 January 15 - Truce of the Russian state with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Zapolsky Yam
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
1590–1593 - War of the Russian state with Sweden
1591 May - Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich
1595 - Conclusion of the Tyavzin Peace with Sweden
1598 January 7 - Death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich and the end of the Rurik dynasty
1604 October - Intervention of False Dmitry I into the borders Russian state
1605 June - Overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow. Accession of False Dmitry I
1606 - Uprising in Moscow and murder of False Dmitry I
1607 - Beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II
1609–1618 - Open Polish-Swedish intervention
1611 March-April - Creation of a militia against the invaders
1611 September-October - Creation of a militia led by Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod
1612 October 26 - Capture of the Moscow Kremlin by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky
1613 - February 7–21 - Election of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the kingdom by the Zemsky Sobor
1633 - Death of Patriarch Filaret, father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich
1648 - Uprising in Moscow - “Salt Riot”
1649 - “Conciliar Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
1649–1652 - Erofei Khabarov’s campaigns to the Daurian land along the Amur
1652 - Nikon’s consecration as patriarch
1653 - Zemsky Sobor in Moscow and the decision to reunite Ukraine with Russia
1654 January 8–9 - Pereyaslav Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia
1654–1667 - Russia's war with Poland over Ukraine
1667 January 30 - Truce of Andrusovo
1670–1671 - Peasants' War led by S. Razin
1676–1681 - Russia’s war with Turkey and Crimea for Right Bank Ukraine
1681 January 3 - Truce of Bakhchisarai
1682 - Abolition of localism
1682 May - Streltsy uprising in Moscow
1686 - "Eternal Peace" with Poland
1687–1689 - Crimean campaigns book V.V. Golitsyna
1689 August 27 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China
1689 September - Overthrow of Princess Sophia
1695–1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I
1696 January 29 - death of Ivan V. Establishment of autocracy of Peter I
1697–1698 - “Great Embassy” of Peter I to Western Europe
1698 April-June - Streltsy riot
1699 December 20 - Decree on the introduction of a new calendar from January 1, 1700.
1700 July 13 - Truce of Constantinople with Turkey
1700–1721 - North War Russia and Sweden
1700 - Death of Patriarch Adrian. Appointment of Stefan Yavorsky as locum tenens of the patriarchal throne
1700 November 19 - defeat of Russian troops near Narva
1703 - The first stock exchange in Russia (merchant meeting) in St. Petersburg
1703 - Publication of the textbook “Arithmetic” by Magnitsky
1707–1708 - Uprising on the Don by K. Bulavin
1709 June 27 - Defeat of Swedish troops at Poltava
1711 - Prut campaign of Peter I
1712 - Decree on the establishment of commercial and industrial companies
1714 March 23 - Decree on unified inheritance
1714 July 27 - Victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish at Gangut
1721 August 30 - Peace of Nystad between Russia and Sweden
1721 October 22 - Acceptance of the imperial title by Peter I
1722 January 24 - Table of Ranks
1722–1723 - Persian campaign Peter I
1724 January 28 - Decree on the establishment Russian Academy sciences
1725 January 28 - Death of Peter I
1726 February 8 - Establishment of the Supreme Privy Council
1727 May 6 - death of Catherine I
1730 January 19 - Death of Peter II
1731 - Cancellation of the decree on unified inheritance
1732 January 21 - Treaty of Rasht with Persia
1734 - “Treatise on Friendship and Commerce” between Russia and England
1735–1739 - Russian- Turkish war
1736 - Decree on the “eternal assignment” of artisans to manufactories
1740 from November 8 to 9 - Palace coup, overthrow of regent Biron. Announcement of Regent Anna Leopoldovna
1741–1743 - The war between Russia and Sweden
1741 November 25 - Palace coup, installation of Elizabeth Petrovna on the throne by the guards
1743 June 16 - Peace of Abo with Sweden
1755 January 12 - Decree on the founding of Moscow University
1756 August 30 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian theater in St. Petersburg (F. Volkov’s troupe)
1759 August 1 (12) - Victory of Russian troops at Kunnersdorf
1760 September 28 - Capture of Berlin by Russian troops
1762 February 18 - Manifesto “On the Liberty of the Nobility”
1762 July 6 - Murder Peter III and accession to the throne of Catherine II
1764 - Establishment of the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg
1764 from July 4 to 5 - Attempted coup by V.Ya. Mirovich. The murder of Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg fortress
1766 - Annexation of the Aleutian Islands to Russia
1769 - First external loan in Amsterdam
1770 June 24–26 - Defeat Turkish fleet V Chesme Bay
1773–1775 - First section of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1773–1775 - Peasant war led by E.I. Pugacheva
1774 July 10 - Peace of Kuchuk-Kainarzhi with Turkey
1783 - Annexation of Crimea to Russia 1785 April 21 - Charters granted to the nobility and cities
1787–1791 - Russian-Turkish War
1788–1790 -Russian- swedish war 1791 December 29 - Peace of Iasi with Turkey
1793 - Second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1794 - Polish uprising led by T. Kosciuszko and its suppression
1795 - Third partition of Poland
1796 - Formation of the Little Russian province 1796–1797. - War with Persia
1797 - April 5 - “Institution of the Imperial Family”
1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns by A.V. Suvorov
1799 - Formation of the United Russian-American Company
1801 January 18 - Manifesto on the accession of Georgia to Russia
1801 from March 11 to 12 - Palace coup. Assassination of Paul I. Accession to the throne of Alexander I
1804–1813 - Russian-Iranian war
1805 November 20 - Battle of Austerlitz
1806–1812 - Russia's war with Turkey
1807 June 25 - Peace of Tilsit
1808–1809 - Russo-Swedish War
1810 January 1 - Establishment of the State Council
1812 - Invasion " Great Army» Napoleon to Russia. Patriotic War
1812 August 26 - Battle of Borodino
1813 January 1 - Beginning of the Foreign Campaign of the Russian Army
1813 October 16–19 - "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig
1814 March 19 - Introduction allied forces in Paris
1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna
1825 December 14 - Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg
1826–1828 - Russian-Iranian war
1827 October 20 - Battle of Navarino Bay
1828 February 10 - Turkmanchay peace treaty with Iran
1828–1829 - Russian-Turkish War
1829 September 2 - Treaty of Adrianople with Turkey
1835 July 26 - University Charter
1837 October 30 - Opening railway Petersburg-Tsarskoe Selo
1839–1843 - Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kankrina
1853 - Opening of the “Free Russian Printing House” by A.I. Herzen in London
1853 - Kokaid campaign by general. V.A. Perovsky
1853–1856 - Crimean War
1854 September - 1855 August - Defense of Sevastopol
1856 March 18 - Treaty of Paris
1860 May 31 - Establishment of the State Bank
1861 February 19 - Abolition of serfdom
1861 - Establishment of the Council of Ministers
1863 June 18 - University Charter
1864 November 20 - Decree on judicial reform. "New judicial statutes"
1865 - Military judicial reform
1874 January 1 - “Charter on military service”
1874 spring - The first mass “going to the people” of revolutionary populists
1875 April 25 - St. Petersburg Treaty between Russia and Japan (on South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
1876–1879 - Second “Land and Freedom”
1877–1878 - Russian-Turkish War
1879 August - Split of “Land and Freedom” into “Black Redistribution” and “People’s Will”
1881 March 1 - Assassination of Alexander II by revolutionary populists
1885 January 7–18 - Morozov strike
1892 - Russian-French secret military convention
1896 - Invention of the radiotelegraph by A.S. Popov
1896 May 18 - Khodynka tragedy in Moscow during the coronation of Nicholas II
1898 March 1–2 - First Congress of the RSDLP
1899 May-July - I Hague Peace Conference
1902 - Formation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs)
1904–1905 - Russo-Japanese War
1905 January 9 - “ Bloody Sunday" The beginning of the first Russian revolution
April 1905 - Formation of the Russian Monarchist Party and the “Union of the Russian People”.
1905 May 12-June 1 - General strike in Ivanovo-Voskresensk. Formation of the first Council of Workers' Deputies
1905 May 14–15 - Battle of Tsushima
1905 June 9–11 - Lodz Uprising
1905 June 14–24 - Mutiny on the battleship Potemkin
1905 August 23 - Treaty of Portsmouth with Japan
1905 October 7 - Beginning of the All-Russian political strike
1905 October 12–18 - Founding Congress of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets)
1905 October 13 - Creation of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies
1905 October 17 - Manifesto of Nicholas II
1905 November - The emergence of the “Union of October 17” (Octobrists)
1905 December 9–19 - Moscow armed uprising
1906 April 27-July 8 - I State Duma
1906 November 9 - Beginning of the agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin
1907 February 20-June 2 - II State Duma
1907 November 1 - 1912 July 9 - III State Duma
1908 - Formation of the reactionary “Union of Michael the Archangel”
1912 November 15 - 1917 February 25 - IV State Duma
1914 July 19 (August 1) - Germany declares war on Russia. Beginning of the First World War
1916 May 22-July 31 - Brusilovsky breakthrough
1916 December 17 - Murder of Rasputin
1917 February 26 - Beginning of the transition of troops to the side of the revolution
1917 February 27 - February Revolution. Overthrow of the autocracy in Russia
1917, March 3 - Abdication of the leader. book Mikhail Alexandrovich. Declaration of the Provisional Government
1917 June 9–24 - I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
1917 August 12–15 - State meeting in Moscow
1917 August 25-September 1 - Kornilov rebellion
1917 September 14–22 - All-Russian Democratic Conference in Petrograd
1917 October 24–25 - Armed Bolshevik coup. Overthrow of the Provisional Government
1917 October 25 - Opening of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets
1917 October 26 - Soviet decrees on peace, on land. "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
1917 November 12 - Elections to the Constituent Assembly
1917 December 7 - Decision of the Council of People's Commissars to create the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for the Fight against Counter-Revolution (VChK)
1917 December 14 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the nationalization of banks
1917 December 18 - Independence of Finland
1918–1922 - Civil War on the territory of the former Russian Empire
1918 January 6 - Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly
1918 January 26 - Decree on the transition to a new calendar style from February 1 (14)
1918 - March 3 - Conclusion Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1918 May 25 - Beginning of the uprising Czechoslovak Corps
1918 July 10 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR
1920 January 16 - Lifting of the blockade Soviet Russia Entente
1920 - Soviet-Polish War
1921 February 28-March 18 - Kronstadt uprising
1921 March 8–16 - X Congress of the RCP(b). Decision on the "New Economic Policy"
1921 March 18 - Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland
1922 April 10-May 19 - Genoa Conference
1922 April 16 - Rappal separate treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
1922 December 27 - Formation of the USSR
1922 December 30 - I Congress of Soviets of the USSR
1924 January 31 - Approval of the Constitution of the USSR
1928 October - 1932 December - First Five-Year Plan. The beginning of industrialization in the USSR
1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization
1933–1937 - Second Five Year Plan
1934 December 1 - Murder of S.M. Kirov. The deployment of mass terror in the USSR
1936 December 5 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR
1939 August 23 - Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
1939 September 1 - German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II
1939 September 17 - Entry of Soviet troops into Poland
1939 September 28 - Soviet-German Treaty of Friendship and Borders
1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish War
1940 June 28 - Entry of Soviet troops into Bessarabia
1940 June-July - Soviet occupation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
1941 April 13 - Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty
1941 June 22 - Attack Nazi Germany and its allies in the USSR. Beginning of the Great Patriotic War
1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War
1945 September 2 - Act of Unconditional Surrender of Japan
1945 November 20 - 1946 October 1 - Nuremberg trials
1946–1950 - Fourth Five-Year Plan. Restoration of the destroyed national economy
1948 August - Session of VASKHNIL. Launch of a campaign to combat “Morganism” and “cosmopolitanism”
1949 January 5–8 - Creation of CMEA
1949 August 29 - First test of an atomic bomb in the USSR
1954 June 27 - Launch of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk
1955 14m; 1st - Creation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO)
1955 July 18–23 - Meeting of the heads of government of the USSR, Great Britain, USA and France in Geneva
1956 February 14–25 - XX Congress of the CPSU
1956 June 30 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union “Overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences”
1957 July 28-August 11 - VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow
1957 October 4 - Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR
1961 April 12 - Flight of Yu.A. Gagarin on spaceship"East"
1965 March 18 - Launch of pilot-cosmonaut A.A. Leonova in open space
1965 - Reform of the economic management mechanism in the USSR
1966 June 6 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On the public conscription of youth for the most important construction projects of the five-year plan”
1968 August 21 - Intervention of ATS countries in Czechoslovakia
1968 - Open letter from Academician A.D. Sakharov to the Soviet leadership
1971, March 30-April 9 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU
1972 May 26 - Signing in Moscow of the “Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and the USA.” The beginning of the policy of "détente"
1974 February - Expulsion from the USSR A.I. Solzhenitsyn
1975 July 15–21 - Joint Soviet-American experiment under the Soyuz-Apollo program
1975 July 30-August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing Final Act 33 European countries, USA and Canada
1977 October 7 - Adoption of the Constitution of “developed socialism” of the USSR
1979 December 24 - Beginning of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan
1980 January - Link A.D. Sakharov to Gorky
1980 July 19-August 3 - Olympic Games in Moscow
1982 May 24 - Adoption of the Food Program
1985 November 19–21 - Meeting of M.S. Gorbachev and US President R. Reagan in Geneva. Restoration of Soviet-American political dialogue
1986 April 26 - Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
1987 June-July - The beginning of the policy of “perestroika” in the USSR
1988 June 28-July 1 - XIX Conference of the CPSU. The beginning of political reform in the USSR
1989 May 25-June 9. - I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, elected on the basis of changes to the Constitution of the USSR
1990 March 11 - Adoption of the act of independence of Lithuania.
1990 March 12–15 - III Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
1990 May 1-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia
1991 March 17 - Referendum on preserving the USSR and introducing the post of President of the RSFSR
1991 June 12 - Russian presidential elections
1991 July 1 - Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact Organization in Prague
1991 August 19–21 - Attempted coup in the USSR (Case of the State Emergency Committee)
September 1991 - Troops entered Vilnius. Attempted coup in Lithuania
1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk of the agreement on the “Commonwealth” by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus Independent States"and the dissolution of the USSR
1992 January 2 - Liberalization of prices in Russia
1992 February 1 - Declaration of Russia and the USA on the cessation of " cold war»
1992 March 13 - Initialing of the Federal Treaty of Republics consisting of Russian Federation
1993 March - VIII and IX Congresses of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
1993 April 25 - All-Russian referendum on confidence in the policies of the President of Russia
June 1993 - Work of the constitutional meeting to prepare the draft Constitution of Russia
1993 September 21 - Decree of B.N. Yeltsin “On stage-by-stage constitutional reform” and the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation
1993 October 3–4 - Demonstrations and armed actions of the pro-communist opposition in Moscow. Storming of the Supreme Council building by troops loyal to the President
1993 December 12 - Elections to the State Duma and Federation Council. Referendum on the draft new Constitution of the Russian Federation
1994 January 11 - Start of work of the State Duma and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in Moscow

1097 - First congress of princes in Lyubech

1147 - The first chronicle mention of Moscow

1188 - Approximate date of appearance " Words about Igor's Campaign »

1206 - Proclamation of Temujin as the “Great Khan” of the Mongols and his adoption of the name Genghis Khan

1237-1238 — Invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Rus'

1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neve

1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver

1382 - Campaign to Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh

1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni

1480 - “Standing” on the river. Eel. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.

1510 - Pskov annexed to Moscow

1565-1572 — Oprichnina

1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow

1606 - Uprising in Moscow and murder of False Dmitry I

1607 - Beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II

1609-1618 — Open Polish-Swedish intervention

1611 September-October - Creation of a militia led by Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod

1648 - Uprising in Moscow - " Salt riot »

1649 - “Conciliar Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich

1649-1652 — Erofey Khabarov’s campaigns to the Daurian land along the Amur

1652 - Nikon’s consecration as patriarch

1670-1671 - Peasant war led by S. Razin

1682 - Abolition of localism

1695-1696 — Azov campaigns of Peter I

1812 - Invasion of Napoleon's Grand Army into Russia. Patriotic War

1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna

1839-1843 — Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kankrina

1865 - Military judicial reform

1874 spring - The first mass “going to the people” of revolutionary populists

1875 April 25 - St. Petersburg Treaty between Russia and Japan (on South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)

1881 March 1 - Assassination of Alexander II by revolutionary populists

1906 November 9 - Beginning of agrarian reforms P.A. Stolypin

1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization

1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish War

1941 June 22 - Attack of Nazi Germany and its allies on the USSR. Beginning of the Great Patriotic War

1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War

1975 July 30 - August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing of the Final Act by 33 European countries, the USA and Canada

1990 May 1-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia

1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the “Commonwealth of Independent States” and the dissolution of the USSR

Key dates in Russian history:

Russia from antiquity to the end of the 16th century. (beginning of the 17th century)
Russia in the XVII–XVIII centuries.
Russia in the 19th century
Russia in the 20th century

Russia from antiquity to the end of the 16th century. (beginning of the 17th century)

IX century. - Education Old Russian state.
862- “The Calling of the Varangians” to Rus'.
862–879- The reign of Rurik in Novgorod.
879–912– The reign of Oleg in Kyiv.
882– The unification of Novgorod and Kyiv into a single state under Prince Oleg.
907, 911– Oleg’s campaigns to Constantinople. Treaties with the Greeks.
912–945– The reign of Igor in Kyiv.
945- Revolt of the Drevlyans.
945–962- The reign of Princess Olga during the early childhood of her son Prince Svyatoslav.
957– Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople.
962–972- The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
964–972. – Military campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.
980–1015– The reign of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich the Holy.
988– Adoption of Christianity in Rus'.
1019–1054- The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1037– Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.
1045– Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Novgorod the Great.
OK. 1072– Final design of “Russian Truth” (“Pravda Yaroslavich”).
1097 g. - Congress of princes in Lyubech. Consolidation of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
1113–1125. – The Great Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1125–1157 g. – The reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky in Vladimir.
1136– Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147– The first mention of Moscow in the chronicle.
1157–1174– The reign of Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky.
1165– Construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
1185– The campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod Seversky against the Polovtsians. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign."
1199– Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.
1202– Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1223, May 31st.- Battle of the Kalka River.
1237–1240. – Invasion of the Mongol Tatars led by Khan Batu into Rus'.
1237– Unification of the Teutonic Order with the Order of the Sword. Formation of the Livonian Order.
1238, March 4. – Battle of the City River.
1240, July 15. - Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish knights on the Neva River by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich. Nicknamed Nevsky.
1240– The defeat of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars.
1242, 5th of April. - Battle on the Ice. The defeat of the crusaders on Lake Peipus by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky.
1243 g. – Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1252–1263. - The reign of Alexander Nevsky on the Grand Duke's throne of Vladimir.
1264– Collapse of the Galician-Volyn principality under the blows of the Horde.
1276– Formation of an independent Moscow principality.
1325–1340– The reign of Prince Ivan Kalita in Moscow.
1326– Transfer of the residence of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church- metropolitan - from Vladimir to Moscow, the transformation of Moscow into an all-Russian religious center.
1327– Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1359–1389– The reign of Prince (from 1362 – Grand Duke) Dmitry Ivanovich (after 1380 – Donskoy) in Moscow.
OK. 1360–1430. – Life and work of Andrei Rublev.
1378 g. – Battle of the Vozha River.
1380 8 September– Battle of Kulikovo.
1382 g. – The defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1389–1425. – The reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich.
1410 g., July 15- Battle of Grunwald. Defeat of the Teutonic Order.
1425–1453. – Dynastic war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1439 g. – Florentine Church Union about the unification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Pope. The act of union was signed by the Russian Metropolitan Isidore, for which he was deposed.
1448– Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and All Rus'. Establishment of autocephaly (independence) of the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium.
1453- A fall Byzantine Empire.
1462–1505– The reign of Ivan III.
1463– Annexation of Yaroslavl to Moscow.
1469–1472– Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471– Battle on the Sheloni River between Moscow and Novgorod troops.
1478– Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 g. - “Standing on the Ugra River.” Elimination of the Horde yoke.
1484–1508– Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485– Annexation of Tver to Moscow.
1497– Compilation of the Code of Laws of Ivan III. Establishing uniform norms of criminal liability and judicial procedural norms for the entire country, limiting the right of peasants to transfer from one feudal lord to another - the week before and the week after November 26 (St. George's Day in the fall).
End of the 15th – beginning of the 16th centuries.– Completion of the process of folding the Russian centralized state.
1503– Controversy between Nil Sorsky (the leader of the non-acquisitive people, who preached the refusal of the church from all property) and Abbot Joseph Volotsky (the leader of the acquisitive people, a supporter of the preservation of church land ownership). Condemnation of the views of non-possessors at the Church Council.
1503– Annexation of the Southwestern Russian lands to Moscow.
1505–1533- Governing body Vasily III.
1510– Annexation of Pskov to Moscow.
1514– Annexation of Smolensk to Moscow.
1521– Annexation of Ryazan to Moscow.
1533–1584– The reign of Grand Duke Ivan IV the Terrible.
1547– The crowning of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1549- The beginning of the convening of Zemsky Sobors.
1550– Adoption of the Code of Laws of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1551– “The Hundred-Glavy Cathedral” of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1552– Annexation of Kazan to Moscow.
1555–1560– Construction of the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow (St. Basil's Cathedral).
1556 g. – Annexation of Astrakhan to Moscow.
1556– Adoption of the “Code of Service”.
1558–1583- Livonian War.
1561- Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564- The beginning of book printing in Rus'. Publication by Ivan Fedorov of “The Apostle” - the first printed book with a set date.
1565–1572– Oprichnina of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1569– Conclusion of the Union of Lublin on the unification of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state – the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1581– First mention of “ reserved summers».
1581– Ermak’s campaign in Siberia.
1582– Signing of Yam Zapolsky truce between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1583– Conclusion of the Truce of Plus with Sweden.
1584–1598- The reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.
1589- Establishment of the Patriarchate in Rus'. Patriarch Job.
1597 g. - Decree on “pre-scheduled years” (a five-year period for searching for runaway peasants).
1598–1605- Board of Boris Godunov.
1603– Uprising of peasants and serfs under the leadership of Khlopok.
1605–1606– Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606–1607– Peasant uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov.
1606–1610– The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.
1607–1610– Attempt of False Dmitry II to seize power in Russia. The existence of the “Tushino camp”.
1609–1611. - Defense of Smolensk.
1610–1613. - “Seven Boyars”.
1611, March – June. – The first militia against Polish troops led by P. Lyapunov.
1612– The second militia under the leadership of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin.
1612, October 26. – Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders by the Second Militia.
1613– Election of Mikhail Romanov to the throne by the Zemsky Sobor. The beginning of the Romanov dynasty. 1613–1645 – The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.
1617– Conclusion of the Stolbovsky “eternal peace” with Sweden.
1618– Deulino truce with Poland.
1632–1634– Smolensk War between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Russia in the XVII–XVIII centuries.

1645–1676- The reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648– Semyon Dezhnev’s expedition along the Kolyma River and the Arctic Ocean.
1648– The beginning of the uprising of Bogdan Khmelnitsky in Ukraine.
1648– “Salt riot” in Moscow.
1648–1650– Uprisings in various cities of Russia.
1649- Adoption by the Zemsky Sobor of a new set of laws - the “Cathedral Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The final enslavement of the peasants.
OK. 1653–1656– Reform of Patriarch Nikon. The beginning of the church schism.
1654, January 8. - Pereyaslavskaya Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
1654–1667– Russia’s war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1662– “Copper riot” in Moscow.
1667- Conclusion Truce of Andrusovo between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667– Introduction of the New Trade Charter.
1667–1671– Peasant war led by Stepan Razin.
1672, May 30.– Birth of Peter I.
1676–1682– Board of Fedor Alekseevich.
1682 g. – Abolition of localism.
1682, 1698– Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682–1725– The reign of Peter I (1682–1689 – under the regency of Sophia, until 1696 – together with Ivan V).
1686– “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687 g. – Opening of the Slavic Greek Latin Academy.
1695, 1696– Campaigns of Peter I to Azov.
1697–1698. - “Great Embassy”.
1700–1721- North War.
1703, May 16.– Founding of St. Petersburg.
1707–1708– Peasant revolt under the leadership of K. Bulavin.
1708, September 28.– Battle of the village of Lesnoy.
1709, June 27.- Battle of Poltava.
1710–1711- Prut campaign.
1711- Establishment of the Senate.
1711–1765– Life and work of M.V. Lomonosov.
1714– Decree on single inheritance (cancelled in 1731).
1714, July 27.– Battle of Cape Gangut.
1718–1721– Establishment of boards.
1720- Battle of Grengam Island.
1721– Peace of Nystadt with Sweden.
1721– Proclamation of Peter I as emperor. Russia became an empire.
1722– Adoption of the “Table of Ranks”.
1722– Signing of the decree on the succession to the throne.
1722–1723- Caspian campaign.
1725 g. – Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725–1727– The reign of Catherine I.
1727–1730– The reign of Peter II.
1730–1740- The reign of Anna Ioannovna. "Bironovschina."
1741–1761. - The reign of Elizaveta Petrovna.
1755, January 25.– Opening of Moscow University.
1756–1763 – Seven Years' War.
1757– Foundation of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.
1761–1762– The reign of Peter III.
1762- “Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.”
1762–1796– The reign of Catherine II.
1768–1774– Russian-Turkish war.
1770– Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the Battle of Chesme and the Russians ground forces over the Turkish army in the battles of the Larga and Cahul rivers.
1774– Conclusion of the Kyuchuk Kaynardzhi Peace following the Russian-Turkish War. Crimean Khanate came under Russian protectorate. Russia received the territory of the Black Sea region between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, the fortresses of Azov, Kerch, Kinburn, the right of free passage of Russian merchant ships through Black Sea straits.
1772, 1793, 1795– Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The territories of Right Bank Ukraine, Belarus, part of the Baltic states and Poland were transferred to Russia.
1772–1839. – Life and work of M.M. Speransky.
1773–1775– Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev.
1775 g. – Carrying out provincial reform in the Russian Empire.
1782 g. – Opening of the monument to Peter I “The Bronze Horseman” (E. Falcone).
1783. – The entry of Crimea into the Russian Empire. Georgievsky Treaty. Transition of Eastern Georgia under Russian protectorate.
1785 g. – Publication of letters of grant to the nobility and cities.
1787–1791– Russian-Turkish war.
1789– Victories of Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik.
1790– Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Cape Kaliakria.
1790– Publication of the book by A.N. Radishchev "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow."
1790– Capture by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov of the Turkish fortress Izmail on the Danube.
1791– Conclusion of the Peace of Jassy following the Russian-Turkish War. The annexation of Crimea and Kuban, the territory of the Black Sea region between the Southern Bug and the Dniester, was confirmed to Russia.
1794– Uprising in Poland led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
1796–1801– Reign of Paul I.
1797. – Cancel established by Peter First order of succession to the throne. Restoring the order of succession to the throne by primogeniture in the male line.
1797– Publication by Paul I of the manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1799– Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov.

Russia in the 19th century

1801–1825– The reign of Alexander I.
1802– Establishment of ministries instead of boards.
1803- Decree on “free cultivators”.
1803– Adoption of a charter introducing university autonomy.
1803–1804– The first Russian round-the-world expedition led by I.F. Krusenstern and Yu. F. Lisyansky.
1804–1813– Russian-Iranian war. Ended with the Peace of Gulistan.
1805–1807– Russia’s participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1805, December.– Defeat of Russian and Austrian troops in the Battle of Austerlitz.
1806–1812– Russian-Turkish war.
1807– Defeat of the Russian army near Friedland.
1807– Conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit between Alexander I and Napoleon Bonaparte (Russia’s accession to the continental blockade of England, Russia’s consent to the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw as a vassal of France).
1808–1809– Russian-Swedish war. Annexation of Finland to the Russian Empire.
1810– Creation of the State Council on the initiative of M.M. Speransky.
1812, June – December. – Patriotic War with Napoleon.
1812- Conclusion Peace of Bucharest following the results of the Russian-Turkish war.
1812, August, 26th- Battle of Borodino.
1813–1814– Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813- “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1813- Conclusion Peace of Gulistan based on the results of the Russian Iranian war.
1814–1815– Vienna Congress of European States. Solving the problems of the structure of Europe after the Napoleonic wars. Annexation of the Duchy of Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland) to Russia.
1815– Creation of the “Holy Alliance”.
1815– Granting of the Constitution to the Kingdom of Poland by Alexander I.
1816. – The beginning of the mass creation of military settlements on the initiative of A.A. Arakcheeva.
1816–1817– Activities of the “Union of Salvation”.
1817–1864 – Caucasian War.
1818–1821– Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820– Discovery of Antarctica by Russian navigators under the command of F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev. 1821–1822 – Education of the Northern and Southern societies Decembrists.
1821–1881– Life and work of F.M. Dostoevsky.
1825, December 14.– Decembrist uprising on Senate Square in St. Petersburg.
1825, December 29 – 1826, January 3.– Uprising of the Chernigov regiment.
1825–1855– The reign of Nicholas I.
1826–1828– Russian-Iranian war.
1828– Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace following the Russian-Iranian War. Death of A.S. Griboedova.
1828–1829– Russian-Turkish war.
1829– Conclusion of the Peace of Adrianople following the Russian-Turkish War.
1831–1839– Activities of the circle N.V. Stankevich.
1837. – Opening of the first railway St. Petersburg – Tsarskoe Selo.
1837–1841– Conducting P.D. Kiselev reforms in the management of state peasants.
1840–1850s– Disputes between Slavophiles and Westerners.
1839–1843– Monetary reform E.F. Kankrina.
1840–1893. – Life and work of P.I. Tchaikovsky.
1844–1849. – Activities of the circle M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1851– Opening of the Moscow – St. Petersburg railway.
1853–1856- Crimean War.
1853, November.- Battle of Sinope.
1855–1881– The reign of Alexander II.
1856- Paris Congress.
1856– Founding of P.M. Tretyakov collection of Russian art in Moscow.
1858, 1860– Aigun and Beijing treaties with China.
1861, February 19.– Abolition of serfdom in Russia.
1861–1864– Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1862– Formation of the “Mighty Handful” - an association of composers (M.A. Balakirev, Ts.A. Cui, M.P. Mussorgsky, N.A. Rimsky Korsakov, A.P. Borodin).
1864– Zemstvo, judicial and school reforms.
1864–1885– Joining Central Asia to the Russian Empire.
1867– Sale of Alaska to the USA.
1869– Discovery of the Periodic Law by D.I. Mendeleev chemical elements.
1870– Reform of city government.
1870–1923– Activities of the “Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions”.
1873– Creation of the “Union of Three Emperors”.
1874– Carrying out military reform – introducing universal conscription.
1874, 1876– The Narodniks’ “walking among the people.”
1876–1879- Activity new organization"Land and Freedom".
1877–1878– Russian-Turkish war.
1878– Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 – Berlin Congress.
1879. – Split of the organization “Land and Freedom”. The emergence of the organizations “People's Will” and “Black Redistribution”.
1879–1881– Activities of the organization “People's Will”.
1879–1882- Decor Triple Alliance.
1881, March 1st.– Murder of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya.
1881–1894- Governing body Alexandra III.
1882– Abolition of the temporarily obliged position of peasants. Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1883–1903– Activities of the “Liberation of Labor” group.
1885– Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory T.S. Morozov in Orekhovo Zuevo (Morozov strike).
1887– Adoption of a circular “on cook’s children.”
1889– Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs”.
1891–1893- Formation of the Franco-Russian Union.
1891–1905– Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
1892– Transfer P.M. Tretyakov donated his collection of Russian art to the city of Moscow.
1894–1917– The reign of Nicholas II.
1895– Invention by A.S. Popov radio communications.
1895– Creation of the “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class.”
1897– The first general census of Russia.
1897– Monetary reform S.Yu. Witte.
1898– 1st Congress of the RSDLP.
1899– The Hague Peace Conference of 26 powers on disarmament issues, convened at the initiative of Russia.

Russia in the 20th century

1901–1902– Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) as a result of the unification of neo-populist circles.
1903– II Congress of the RSDLP. Creation of a party.
1903– Creation of the “Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists”.
1904–1905– Russian-Japanese War.
1904, August- Battle of Liaoyang City.
1904, September– Battle on the Shahe River.
1905, January 9- “Bloody Sunday.” The beginning of the first Russian revolution.
1905–1907– The first Russian revolution.
1905, February– Defeat of the Russian army near the city of Mukden.
1905, May– The death of the Russian fleet near the island of Tsushima.
1905, June– Uprising on the battleship “Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky”.
1905, August– Conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty following the Russian Japanese war. Russia ceded to Japan the southern part of Sakhalin, lease rights to the Liaodong Peninsula and the South Manchurian Railway.
1905, October 17– Publication of the Manifesto “On the Improvement of State Order.”
1905, November– Creation of the “Union of the Russian People”.
1905, December– Armed uprising in Moscow and a number of other cities.
1906, April–July– Activities of the First State Duma.
1906, November 9- Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community. The beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform.
1907, February–June– Activities of the Second State Duma.
1907, June 3– Dissolution of the Second State Duma. Adoption of a new electoral law (June 3rd coup).
1907–1912. – Activities of the III State Duma.
1907, August– Russian-English agreement on the delimitation of zones of influence in Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet. The final formation of the Entente alliance.
1912- Lena execution.
1912–1917– Activities of the IV State Duma.
1914, August 1 – 1918, November 9- World War I.
1915, August. – Creation of a Progressive block.
1916, May- “Brusilovsky breakthrough.”
1917, February– February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia.
1917, March 2– Nicholas II's abdication of the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government.
1917, May– Formation of the 1st coalition Provisional Government.
1917, June– Activities of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, July– Formation of the 2nd coalition Provisional Government.
1917, August- Kornilov rebellion.
1917, September 1– Proclamation of Russia as a republic.
1917, October 24–26– Armed uprising in Petrograd. Overthrow of the Provisional Government. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (Proclamation of Russia as a Republic of Soviets.). Adoption of decrees on peace and land. 1918, January. – Convocation and dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.
1918, March 3.– Conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty between Soviet Russia and Germany. Russia lost Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Finland, Ukraine, part of Belarus, Kars, Ardagan and Batum. The treaty was annulled in November 1918 after the revolution in Germany.
1918–1920– Civil war in Russia.
1918– Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR.
1918–1921, March– Carrying out Soviet government policy of "war communism".
1918, July– Execution royal family In Ekaterinburg.
1920–1921– Anti-Bolshevik peasant uprisings in Tambov and Voronezh regions(“Antonovschina”), Ukraine, Volga region, Western Siberia.
1921, March– Conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland. The territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus went to Poland.
1921, February–March– Uprising of sailors and soldiers in Kronstadt against the policy of “war communism.”
1921, March.– X Congress of the RCP(b). Transition to NEP.
1922– Genoa Conference.
1922, December 30– Education of the USSR.
1924– Adoption of the USSR Constitution.
1925, December– XIV Congress of the CPSU(b). Proclamation of a course towards industrialization of the country. The defeat of the “Trotskyist-Zinoviev opposition.”
1927, December– XV Congress of the CPSU(b). Proclamation of the course towards collectivization Agriculture.
1928–1932– The first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1929. - The beginning of complete collectivization.
1930– Completion of construction of Turksib.
1933–1937. – The second five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1934– Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations.
1934, December 1– Murder of S. M. Kirov. Start mass repression.
1936– Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR (“victorious socialism”).
1939, August 23– Signing of a non-aggression pact with Germany.
1939, September 1 – 1945, September 2- The Second World War.
1939, November - 1940, March– Soviet-Finnish War.
1941, June 22 – 1945, May 9- The Great Patriotic War.
1941, July–September- Battle of Smolensk.
1941, December 5–6– Counter-offensive of the Red Army near Moscow.
1942, November 19 – 1943, February 2– Counter-offensive of the Red Army at Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, July–August – Battle of Kursk.
1943, September–December– Battle of the Dnieper. Liberation of Kyiv. Completion of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, November 28 – December 1– Tehran Conference of Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1944, January– Final liquidation of the siege of Leningrad.
1944, January–February– Korsun Shevchenko operation.
1944, June–August– Operation for the liberation of Belarus (“Bagration”).
1944, July–August– Lvov-Sandomierz operation.
1944, August– Yassko-Kishinev operation.
1945, January–February– Vistula Oder operation.
1945, February 4–11– Crimean (Yalta) conference of heads of government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, April–May- Berlin operation.
1945, April 25- Meeting on the river. Elbe near Torgau advanced Soviet and American troops.
1945, May 8- Surrender of Germany.
1945, July 17– August 2 – Berlin (Potsdam) conference of heads of government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, August – September- Defeat of Japan. Signing of the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces. The end of World War II.
1946- The beginning of the Cold War.
1948– Severance of diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
1949. – Start of a campaign to combat “cosmopolitanism.”
1949– Creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
1949. – Creation of nuclear weapons in the USSR.
1953, March 5– Death of I.S. Stalin.
1953, August– Report on testing in the USSR hydrogen bomb.
1953, September – 1964, October– Election of N. S. Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Removed from his posts in October 1964.
1954– Obninsk NPP was put into operation.
1955. – Formation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO).
1956., February– XX Congress of the CPSU. Report by N. S. Khrushchev “On the cult of personality and its consequences.”
1956., October November– Uprising in Hungary; suppressed by Soviet troops.
1957., The 4th of October– Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR.
1961 G., 12th of April– Yu. A. Gagarin’s flight into space.
1961, October– XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption new Program parties - programs for the construction of communism. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis.
1962, June– Strike at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant; shooting of a workers' demonstration.
1963, August– Signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR, the USA and England banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, under water and outer space.
1965– The beginning of the economic reform of A.N. Kosygina.
1968– The entry of troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia.
1972 May– Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 1) between the USSR and the USA.
1975– Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1979– Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 2) between the USSR and the USA.
1979–1989– “Undeclared war” in Afghanistan.
1980, July August– Olympic Games in Moscow.
1985., March– Election of M.S. Gorbachev General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
1986., 26 April- The Chernobyl accident.
1987– Conclusion between the USSR and the USA of an agreement on the elimination of intermediate- and shorter-range missiles.
1988. – XIX Party Conference. Proclamation of a course for reform of the political system.
1989, May- June. – First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
1990., March– Election at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev as President of the USSR. Exception from the Constitution of Article 6.
1990., 12 June– The Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the RSFSR was adopted.
1991. 12 June– Election of B.N. Yeltsin, President of the RSFSR.
1991., July– Signing of the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 1).
1991., August 19–21– Attempted coup d'état (GKChP).
1991 G., December 8– Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the USSR and the creation of the CIS.
1991 December 25– Addition M.S. Gorbachev powers of the President of the USSR.
1992. – Beginning of radical economic reform E.T. Gaidar.
1993., January– Signing of the Treaty between Russia and the United States on the Reduction of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 2).
1993, October 3–4– Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
1993., 12 December– Elections to the Federal Assembly – the State Duma and the Federation Council and a referendum on the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1994. – Russia’s accession to the NATO “Partnership for Peace” program.
1994., December– The beginning of large-scale actions against Chechen separatists.
1996. – Russia’s accession to the Council of Europe.
1996, July– Election of B.N. Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
1997– Creation on the initiative of D.S. Likhachev state TV channel "Culture".
1998, August– Financial crisis in Russia (default).
1999., September– Beginning of the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
2000, March– Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation.
2000– Award Nobel Prize in physics Zh.I. Alferov for basic research in the field of information and telecommunication technologies.
2002– Agreement between Russia and the United States on the mutual reduction of nuclear warheads.
2003. – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to A.A. Abrikosov and V.L. Ginzburg for his work in the field quantum physics, in particular for his research into superconductivity and superfluidity.
2004., March– Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term).
2005– Creation of the Public Chamber.
2006. – Launch of a program of national projects in the fields of agriculture, housing, health and education.
2008, March– Election of D.A. Medvedev as President of the Russian Federation.
2008., August– Invasion of Georgian troops into South Ossetia. Carrying out Russian army operations to force Georgia to peace. Russian recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
November 2008– Adoption of a law on increasing the term of office of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation (5 and 6 years, respectively).

The Russian Federation is a state that ranks first in terms of territory and ninth in terms of population. This is a country that has gone from scattered principalities to a candidate for superpower. How did the formation of this political, economic and military colossus take place?

In our article we will look at the main dates in the history of Russia. We will see the development of the country from the first mentions of it until the end of the twentieth century.

9th - 10th century

The word “Rus” was first mentioned in 860 in connection with the siege of Constantinople (Constantinople) and the plunder of its surroundings. Researchers estimate that more than eight thousand people took part in the raid. The Byzantines did not expect an attack from the Black Sea at all, so they were unable to give a worthy rebuff. “The Rus left with impunity,” the chronicler reports.

The next important date was 862. This is one of the most significant events. According to the Tale of Bygone Years, it was at that time that representatives of the Slavic tribes invited Rurik to reign.

The chronicle says that they were tired of constant quarrels and civil strife, which only a visiting ruler could put an end to.

Like 862, the next year, 863, became important in the history of Russia. This year, according to chroniclers, it is created Slavic alphabet- Cyrillic. It is from this time that the official written history Rus'.

In 882, Prince Oleg, Rurik’s successor, conquered Kyiv and made it the “capital city”. This ruler did a lot for the state. He began to unite the tribes, went against the Khazars, recapturing many lands. Now the northerners, Drevlyans, Radimichi pay tribute not to the Kaganate, but to the Kyiv prince.

We are considering only the main dates in the history of Russia. Therefore, we dwell only on some key events.

So, the 10th century was marked by a powerful expansion of the Rus into neighboring countries and tribes. So, Igor went against the Pechenegs (920) and Constantinople (944). Prince Svyatoslav defeated in 965, which significantly strengthened the position of Kievan Rus in the south and southeast.

In 970, Vladimir Svyatoslavovich became the prince of Kyiv. He, together with his uncle Dobrynya, whose image was later reflected in the epic hero, is preparing a campaign against the Bulgarians. He managed to defeat the Serbian and Bulgarian tribes on the Danube, as a result of which an alliance was concluded.

However, during the mentioned campaigns, the prince becomes imbued with Christianity. Previously, his grandmother, Princess Olga, was the first to accept this faith and found herself misunderstood by those around her. Now Vladimir the Great decides to baptize the entire state.

Thus, in 988, a series of ceremonies were carried out designed to baptize the majority of the tribes. Those who refused to change their faith voluntarily were forced to do so.

The last important date in the 10th century is considered to be the construction of the Tithe Church. It was with the help of this building that Christianity was finally established at the state level in Kyiv.

11th century

The eleventh century was marked big amount military conflicts between princes. Immediately after the death of Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, civil strife began.

This devastation continued until 1019, when Prince Yaroslav, who was later nicknamed the Wise, sat on the throne in Kyiv. He reigned for thirty-five years. It is noteworthy that during the years of his reign Kievan Rus practically reaching the level of European countries.

Since we are talking briefly about the history of Russia, the most important dates of the eleventh century are associated with the reign of Yaroslav (in the first half of the century) and the period of unrest (in the second half of the century).

So, from 1019 until his death in 1054, Prince Yaroslav the Wise compiled one of the most famous codes - “The Truth of Yaroslav”. This is the oldest part of “Russian Truth”.

Over five years, starting in 1030, he built the Transfiguration Cathedral in Chernigov.

In the capital, in 1037, construction of the famous temple - Sophia of Kyiv - began. It was completed in 1041.

After the campaign against Byzantium, in 1043, Yaroslav built a similar cathedral in Novgorod.

The death of the Kyiv prince marked the beginning of the struggle for the capital between his sons. From 1054 to 1068 Izyaslav ruled. Then, with the help of an uprising, he is replaced by the Polotsk prince Vseslav. In epics he is mentioned as Volga.

Due to the fact that this ruler still adhered to pagan views in matters of faith, in folk tales the properties of a werewolf are attributed to him. In epics he becomes either a wolf or a falcon. In official history, he was given the nickname Sorcerer.

When listing the main dates in the history of Russia in the eleventh century, it is worth mentioning the creation of the “Pravda of the Yaroslavichs” in 1072 and the “Izbornik of Svyatoslav” in 1073. The latter contains descriptions of the lives of the saints, as well as their important teachings.

A more interesting document is “Russian Truth”. It consists of two parts. The first was written during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise, and the second in 1072. This collection contains norms of criminal, procedural, commercial and inheritance legislation.

The last event worth mentioning within the eleventh century was the princes. He marked the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state. There it was decided that everyone should manage only their own estate.

12th century

Oddly enough, but important role The Polovtsians played a role in the reunion of the ancient Russian princes. Speaking about the main dates in the history of Russia in the twelfth century, one cannot fail to mention the campaigns against these nomads in 1103, 1107 and 1111. It was these three military campaigns that united Eastern Slavs and created the preconditions for the reign of Vladimir Monomakh in 1113. His successor was his son Mstislav Vladimirovich.

During the reign of these princes, the Tale of Bygone Years was finally edited, and there was also an increase in discontent among the people, which was expressed in the uprisings of 1113 and 1127.

After the death of Yaroslav the Wise they gradually moved away political history Europe and Russian history. The dates and events of the twelfth century fully confirm this.

While there was a struggle for power here, caused by the collapse of the Kyiv state, in Western Europe The unification of Spain and several crusades are carried out.

The following happened in Rus'. In 1136, as a result of the uprising and expulsion of Vsevolod Mstislavovich, a republic was established in Novgorod.

In 1147, chronicles first mention the name Moscow. It was from this time that the gradual rise of the city began, which was subsequently destined to become the capital of the united state.

The end of the twelfth century was marked by even greater fragmentation of the state and the weakening of the principalities. All this led to the fact that Rus' is deprived of freedom, falling into the yoke of the Mongol-Tatars.

Since these events took place in the thirteenth century, we will talk about them further.

XIII century

In this century, the independent history of Russia is temporarily interrupted. The dates, the table of Batu’s campaigns, which is given below, as well as maps of battles with the Mongols, indicate the incompetence of many princes in matters of military operations.

Campaigns of Khan Batu

The Council of Mongol Khans decides to launch a campaign against Rus', the army was led by Batu, the grandson of Genghis Khan	1235
The defeat of the Volga Bulgaria by the Mongols	1236
Subjugation of the Polovtsians and the beginning of the campaign against Rus'	1237
Siege and capture of Ryazan	December 1237
Fall of Kolomna and Moscow	January 1238
Capture of Vladimir by the Mongols	February 3-7, 1238
The defeat of the Russian army on the City River and the death of the Vladimir prince	March 4, 1238
The fall of the city of Torzhok, the return of the Mongols to the steppes	March 1238
Beginning of the siege of Kozelsk	March 25, 1238
Rest of the Mongol army in the Don steppes	summer 1238
Fall of Murom Nizhny Novgorod and Gorokhovets	autumn 1238
Batu's invasion of the southern Russian principalities, the fall of Putivl, Pereyaslavl and Chernigov	summer 1239
Siege and capture of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars	5-6 September 1240

There are several stories where city residents were able to heroically repel invaders (for example, Kozelsk). But not a single event is mentioned when the princes defeated the Mongol army.

Regarding Kozelsk - it’s simple unique story. The campaign of the invincible army of Khan Batu, who ravaged North-Eastern Rus' from 1237 to 1240, was stopped near the walls of a small fortress.

This town was the capital of the principality on the land of the former Vyatichi tribe. According to scientists, the number of his defenders did not exceed four hundred people. However, the Mongols were able to take the fortress only after seven weeks of siege and the loss of more than four thousand soldiers.

It is noteworthy that the defense was held by ordinary residents, without a prince or governor. At this time, Mstislav’s grandson, twelve-year-old Vasily, “ruled” in Kozelsk. Nevertheless, the townspeople decided to protect him and defend the city.

After the fortress was captured by the Mongols, it was razed to the ground and all the inhabitants were killed. Neither infants nor frail old people were spared.

After this battle, other important dates in the history of Russia associated with Mongol invasion, relate exclusively to the southern principalities.

So, in 1238, a little earlier, a battle takes place near the Kolomna River. In 1239, Chernigov and Pereyaslavl were plundered. And in 1240 Kyiv also fell.

In 1243, the Mongol state - the Golden Horde - was formed. Now Russian princes are obliged to take the “label to reign” from the khans.

In the northern lands at this time a completely different picture occurs. Swedish and German troops. They are opposed by the Novgorod prince Alexander Nevsky.

In 1240, he defeated the Swedes on the Neva River, and in 1242 he completely defeated the German knights (the so-called Battle of the Ice).

In the second half of the thirteenth century, several punitive campaigns of the Mongols against Rus' took place. They were directed against unwanted princes who did not receive a label to rule. So, in 1252 and 1293, Khan Duden destroyed fourteen large settlements of North-Eastern Rus'.

Due to difficult events and the gradual transition of control to northern lands, in 1299 the patriarch moved from Kyiv to Vladimir.

XIV century

More significant dates in the history of Russia date back to the fourteenth century. In 1325, Ivan Kalita came to power. He begins to gather all the principalities into a single state. So, by 1340, some lands were annexed to Moscow, and in 1328 Kalita became the Grand Duke.

In 1326, Metropolitan Peter of Vladimir moved his residence to Moscow as a more promising city.

The plague (“Black Death”) that began in 1347 in Western Europe reached Rus' in 1352. She destroyed many people.

When mentioning important dates in the history of Russia, it is especially worth focusing on events related to Moscow. In 1359, Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy ascended the throne. Over the course of two years, starting in 1367, the construction of the stone Kremlin in Moscow took place. It was because of this that it was later called “white stone”.

By the end of the fourteenth century, Rus' finally emerged from the rule of the Golden Horde khans. Yes, in this vein important events are the battle near the Vozha River (1378) and the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). These victories showed the Mongol-Tatars that a powerful state was beginning to take shape in the north, which would not be under anyone’s authority.

However, the Golden Horde did not want to lose its tributaries so easily. In 1382 he gathered a large army and ravaged Moscow.

This was the last disaster associated with the Mongol-Tatars. Although Rus' finally freed itself from their yoke only a century later. But during this time no one else disturbed its borders.

Moreover, in 1395 Tamerlane finally destroys Golden Horde. But the yoke over Russia continued to exist.

15th century

The main dates in the history of Russia in the fifteenth century relate mainly to the unification of lands into a single Moscow state.

The first half of the century passed in civil strife. During these years, Vasily I and Vasily II the Dark, Yuri Zvenigorodsky and Dmitry Shemyaka were in power.

The events of the first half of the fifteenth century are a little reminiscent of 1917 in the history of Russia. The civil war that followed the revolution also revealed many appanage princelings, gang leaders, who were subsequently destroyed by Moscow.

The reason for the civil strife lay in the choice of ways to strengthen the state. Externally political activity The temporary rulers were associated with the Tatars and Lithuanians, who sometimes carried out raids. Some princes were guided by the support of the East, others trusted the West more.

The moral of decades of civil strife was that those who did not rely on external support, but strengthened the country from within, won. Thus, the result was the unification of many small appanage lands under the rule of the Grand Duke of Moscow.

An important step was the establishment of autocephaly in the Russian Orthodox Church. Now the metropolitans of Kyiv and all Rus' were proclaimed here. That is, dependence on Byzantium and the Patriarch of Constantinople was destroyed.

During feudal wars and religious misunderstandings occurs in 1458, the separation of the Moscow Metropolis from the Kyiv Metropolis.

The discord between the princes ended with the accession of John III. In 1471 he defeated the Novgorodians in the Battle of Shelon, and in 1478 he finally annexed Veliky Novgorod to the Moscow Principality.

In 1480 one of the most significant events of the fifteenth century took place. It is known in the chronicles under the name This is very interesting story, which contemporaries considered the “mystical intercession of the Virgin Mary.” gathered a large army and opposed Ivan III, who was in alliance with the Crimean Khan.

But there was no battle. After the troops stood against each other for a long time, both armies turned back. Researchers in our time have found that this was caused by the weakness of the Great Horde and the actions of sabotage detachments in the rear of Akhmat.

Thus, in 1480, the Moscow Principality became a completely sovereign state.

The year 1552 was similar in importance in the history of Russia. We'll talk about it a little later.

In 1497, the Code of Laws, a set of laws for all residents of the state, was officially adopted and approved.

16th century

The sixteenth century is characterized by powerful processes of centralization of the country. During the reign of Vasily III, Pskov (1510), Smolensk (1514) and Ryazan (1521) were annexed to Moscow. Also for the first time in 1517 it was mentioned as a state governing body.

With the death of Vasily III, a slight decline of Muscovy begins. The rules at this time were Elena Glinskaya, who was replaced by Boyar power. But the grown-up son of the deceased prince, Ivan Vasilyevich, put an end to arbitrariness.

He ascended the throne in 1547. Ivan the Terrible began with foreign policy. In the state itself, in fact, until 1565, the prince relied on zemsky councils and boyars. During these eighteen years, he was able to annex many territories.

The year 1552 is noteworthy in the history of Russia. Then Ivan the Terrible captures Kazan and annexes the Khanate to the Moscow state. In addition to it, such territories as the Astrakhan Khanate (1556) and the city of Polotsk (1562) were conquered.

The Siberian Khan in 1555 recognized himself as a vassal of Ivan Vasilyevich. However, in 1563, Khan Kuchum, who replaced him on the throne, breaks off all relations with Muscovy.

After a decade and a half of conquest Grand Duke turns his attention to the internal situation in the country. In 1565, the oprichnina was established and persecution and terror began. All boyar families that began to attach themselves to power are destroyed, and their property is confiscated. Executions continued until 1572.

In 1582 Ermak begins his famous hike to Siberia, which lasted a year.

In 1583, peace was signed with Sweden, returning to the latter all the lands conquered during the war.

In 1584, Ivan Vasilyevich dies and Boris Godunov actually comes to power. He became a real tsar only in 1598, after the death of Fedor, the son of Ivan the Terrible.

In 1598, the Rurikovich line was interrupted, and after the death of Boris (in 1605) it began Time of Troubles and Seven Boyars.

17th century

The most important event was 1613 in the history of Russia. He influenced not only this century, but the next three hundred years. This year the turmoil ended and Mikhail, the founder of the Romanov dynasty, came to power.

The seventeenth century is characterized by the processes of formation and development of the Muscovite kingdom. In foreign policy conflicts occur with Poland (1654), Sweden (1656). From 1648 to 1654 there was an uprising in Ukraine led by Khmelnytsky.

There were riots in the Moscow kingdom itself in 1648 (Solyanoy), 1662 (Medny), 1698 (Streletsky). In 1668-1676 there was an uprising on the Solovetsky Islands. And from 1670 to 1671, the Cossacks rebelled under the leadership of Stenka Razin.

In addition to political and economic turmoil, religious turmoil and schism were brewing in the mid-seventeenth century. tried to reform the spiritual life of society, but was not accepted by the Old Believers. In 1667 he was convicted and sent into exile.

Thus, over the course of seven decades, the process of forming a single state took place, in which different institutions “grinded in” to each other. It ends with the accession of Peter I.

It turns out that 1613 in the history of Russia marked the beginning of a departure from feudalism. And Pyotr Alekseevich turned the kingdom into an empire and brought Russia to the international level.

XVIII century

The century of the most powerful rise that the history of Russia has ever known - the 18th century. The dates of the founding of new cities, universities, academies and other places speak for themselves.

So, in 1703 St. Petersburg was built. In 1711 the Senate was established, and in 1721 the Synod. In 1724 the Academy of Sciences was founded. In 1734 - the main military educational institution of the country, the Land Noble Corps. In 1755, Moscow University was created. These are just some of the events that show powerful cultural growth in the state.

In 1712, the capital was moved from “old” Moscow to “young” St. Petersburg. In addition, in 1721, Russia was proclaimed an empire, and Peter Alekseevich was the first to receive the corresponding title.

The eighteenth century will be of particular interest to those interested in military history Russia. The dates and events of this century show the unprecedented power of the Russian army and navy, as well as the wonders of engineering.

The country entered the nineteenth century as a powerful empire that defeated Turkey, Sweden, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

19th century

If a feature of the previous century was the cultural and military growth of the state, then in the next period there is a slight reorientation of interests. Stormy economic development and the separation of the government from the people - all this is the history of Russia, the 19th century.

The dates of significant events of that time tell us about the growth of bribery among officials, as well as about the authorities’ attempts to create thoughtless performers from the lower strata of society.

The main military conflicts of this century were the Patriotic War (1812) and the confrontation between Russia and Turkey (1806, 1828, 1853, 1877).

In domestic politics, many reforms are taking place aimed at even greater enslavement ordinary people. These are Speransky's reforms (1809), great reforms (1862), judicial reform (1864), censorship reform (1865), universal conscription (1874).

Even if we take into account the abolition of serfdom in 1861, it is still clear that the bureaucracy strives for maximum exploitation of the common people.
The response to this policy was a series of uprisings. 1825 - Decembrists. 1830 and 1863 - uprising in Poland. In 1881, the Narodnaya Volya killed Alexander II.

In the wake of general dissatisfaction with the government, the position of the Social Democrats is strengthening. The first congress took place in 1898.

XX century

Despite the wars, disasters and other horrors discussed above, some dates of the 20th century are especially terrible. Until that time, the history of Russia had not known such a nightmare as the Bolsheviks created in the first quarter of the century.

The 1905 revolution and participation in the First World War (1914-1917) were the last straw for ordinary workers and peasants.

The year 1917 will be remembered for a long time in the history of Russia. After October revolution and the abdication of Nicholas II, his family was captured and executed in July 1918. A civil war begins, lasting until 1922, when the Union of Soviets was formed. Socialist Republics. A similar revolution and devastation marked 1991 in the history of Russia.

The first years of the existence of the new state were marked by social disasters of enormous proportions. These are famine in 1932-1933 and repression in 1936-1939.

In 1941, the USSR entered the Second world war. In our historical tradition this conflict is called the Great Patriotic War. After the victory in 1945, the restoration and short-term rise of the country began.

1991 became a turning point in the history of Russia. Soviet Union collapsed, leaving all dreams of a “bright future” under the rubble. In fact, people had to learn how to live from scratch in a market economy in a new state.

Thus, you and I, dear friends, briefly went through the most significant events in the history of Russia.

Good luck, and remember that the answers to the future are stored in the lessons of the past.

Dates in Russian history

This section presents important dates history of Russia.

Brief chronology of Russian History.

VI century n. e., from 530 - Great Migration of the Slavs. The first mention of the Ros/Russians
860 - the first Russian campaign against Constantinople
862 - The year to which the Tale of Bygone Years refers to the “calling of the Norman king” Rurik.
911 - The campaign of the Kyiv prince Oleg to Constantinople and the agreement with Byzantium.
941 - Campaign of the Kyiv prince Igor to Constantinople.
944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - 946 — Submission of the Drevlyans to Kyiv
957 - Princess Olga's trip to Constantinople
964-966 — Svyatoslav’s campaigns against the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yasses and Kasogs
967-971 — War of Prince Svyatoslav with Byzantium
988-990 — The beginning of the baptism of Rus'
1037 - Foundation of the Church of Sophia in Kyiv
1043 - Prince Vladimir's campaign against Byzantium
1045-1050 — Construction of the Temple of Sophia in Novgorod
1054-1073 — Presumably during this period “Pravda Yaroslavichy” appeared.
1056-1057 — “Ostromir Gospel”
1073 - “Izbornik” of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
1097 - First congress of princes in Lyubech
1100 - Second congress of princes in Uvetichi (Vitichev)
1116 - The Tale of Bygone Years appears in Sylvester's edition
1147 - The first chronicle mention of Moscow
1158-1160 — Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma
1169 - Capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
1170 February 25 - Victory of the Novgorodians over the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
1188 - Approximate date of appearance of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”
1202 - Founding of the Order of the Sword (Livonian Order)
1206 - Proclamation of Temujin as the “Great Khan” of the Mongols and his adoption of the name Genghis Khan
1223 May 31 - Battle of Russian princes and Polovtsians on the river. Kalke
1224 - Capture of Yuryev (Tartu) by the Germans
1237 - Union of the Order of the Sword and the Teutonic Order
1237-1238 — Invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Rus'
1238 March 4 - Battle of the river. City
1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neve
1240 December 6 (or November 19) - Capture of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars
1242 April 5 - “Battle of the Ice” on Lake Peipsi
1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde.
1262 - Uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Rostov, Vladimir, Suzdal, Yaroslavl
1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver
1367 - Construction of the stone Kremlin in Moscow
1378 - The first victory of Russian troops over the Tatars on the river. Vozhe
1380 September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo
1382 - Campaign to Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh
1385 - Krevo Union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland
1395 - Defeat of the Golden Horde by Timur (Tamerlane)
1410 July 15 - Battle of Grunwald. The raid of German knights by Polish-Lithuanian-Russian troops
1469-1472 — Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India
1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni
1480 - “Standing” on the river. Eel. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
1484-1508 — Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets
1507-1508, 1512-1522 — Wars of the Moscow State with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Return of Smolensk and Smolensk land
1510 - Pskov annexed to Moscow
1547 January 16 - Crowning of Ivan IV to the throne
1550 - Code of Law of Ivan the Terrible. Creation of the Streltsy army
1550 October 3 - Decree on the placement of the “chosen thousand” in the districts adjacent to Moscow
1551 - February-May - Hundred-Glavy Cathedral of the Russian Church
1552 - Capture of Kazan by Russian troops. Annexation of the Kazan Khanate
1556 - Astrakhan annexed to Russia
1558-1583 — Livonian War
1565-1572 — Oprichnina
1569 - Union of Lublin. Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1582 January 15 - Truce of the Russian state with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Zapolsky Yam
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
1590-1593 — The war of the Russian state with Sweden
1591 May - Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich
1595 - Conclusion of the Tyavzin Peace with Sweden
1598 January 7 - Death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich and the end of the Rurik dynasty
October 1604 - Intervention of False Dmitry I into the Russian state
1605 June - Overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow. Accession of False Dmitry I
1606 - Uprising in Moscow and murder of False Dmitry I
1607 - Beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II
1609-1618 — Open Polish-Swedish intervention
1611 March-April - Creation of a militia against the invaders
1611 September-October - Creation of a militia led by Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod
1612 October 26 - Capture of the Moscow Kremlin by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky
1613 - February 7-21 - Election of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the kingdom by the Zemsky Sobor
1633 - Death of Patriarch Filaret, father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich
1648 - Uprising in Moscow - “Salt Riot”
1649 - “Conciliar Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
1649-1652 — Erofey Khabarov’s campaigns to the Daurian land along the Amur
1652 - Nikon’s consecration as patriarch
1653 - Zemsky Sobor in Moscow and the decision to reunite Ukraine with Russia
1654 January 8-9 - Pereyaslav Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia
1654-1667 — Russia’s war with Poland over Ukraine
1667 January 30 - Truce of Andrusovo
1670-1671 — Peasant war led by S. Razin
1676-1681 — Russia’s war with Turkey and Crimea for Right Bank Ukraine
1681 January 3 - Truce of Bakhchisarai
1682 - Abolition of localism
1682 May - Streltsy uprising in Moscow
1686 - “Eternal Peace” with Poland
1687-1689 — Crimean campaigns, book. V.V. Golitsyna
1689 August 27 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China
1689 September - Overthrow of Princess Sophia
1695-1696 — Azov campaigns of Peter I
1696 January 29 - death of Ivan V. Establishment of autocracy of Peter I
1697-1698 — “Great Embassy” of Peter I to Western Europe
1698 April-June - Streltsy riot
1699 December 20 - Decree on the introduction of a new calendar from January 1, 1700.
1700 July 13 - Truce of Constantinople with Turkey
1700-1721 — Northern War between Russia and Sweden
1700 - Death of Patriarch Adrian. Appointment of Stefan Yavorsky as locum tenens of the patriarchal throne
1700 November 19 - defeat of Russian troops near Narva
1703 - The first stock exchange in Russia (merchant meeting) in St. Petersburg
1703 - Publication of the textbook “Arithmetic” by Magnitsky
1707-1708 — Uprising on the Don by K. Bulavin
1709 June 27 - Defeat of Swedish troops at Poltava
1711 - Prut campaign of Peter I
1712 - Decree on the establishment of commercial and industrial companies
1714 March 23 - Decree on unified inheritance
1714 July 27 - Victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish at Gangut
1721 August 30 - Peace of Nystad between Russia and Sweden
1721 October 22 - Acceptance of the imperial title by Peter I
1722 January 24 - Table of Ranks
1722-1723 — Persian campaign of Peter I
1724 January 28 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1725 January 28 - Death of Peter I
1726 February 8 - Establishment of the Supreme Privy Council
1727 May 6 - death of Catherine I
1730 January 19 - Death of Peter II
1731 - Cancellation of the decree on unified inheritance
1732 January 21 - Treaty of Rasht with Persia
1734 - “Treatise on Friendship and Commerce” between Russia and England
1735-1739 — Russian-Turkish War
1736 - Decree on the “eternal assignment” of artisans to manufactories
1740 from November 8 to 9 - Palace coup, overthrow of regent Biron. Announcement of Regent Anna Leopoldovna
1741-1743 — Russia's war with Sweden
1741 November 25 - Palace coup, installation of Elizabeth Petrovna on the throne by the guards
1743 June 16 - Peace of Abo with Sweden
1755 January 12 - Decree on the founding of Moscow University
1756 August 30 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian theater in St. Petersburg (F. Volkov’s troupe)
1759 August 1 (12) - Victory of Russian troops at Kunnersdorf
1760 September 28 - Capture of Berlin by Russian troops
1762 February 18 - Manifesto “On the Liberty of the Nobility”
1762 July 6 - Assassination of Peter III and accession to the throne of Catherine II
1764 - Establishment of the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg
1764 from July 4 to 5 - Attempted coup by V.Ya. Mirovich. The murder of Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg fortress
1766 - Annexation of the Aleutian Islands to Russia
1769 - First external loan in Amsterdam
1770 June 24-26 - Defeat of the Turkish fleet in Chesme Bay
1773-1775 — First section of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1773-1775 — Peasant war led by E.I. Pugacheva
1774 July 10 - Kuchuk-Kainarzhiysky peace with Turkey
1783 - Annexation of Crimea to Russia 1785 April 21 - Charters granted to the nobility and cities
1787-1791 — Russian-Turkish War
1788-1790 - Russian-Swedish War 1791 December 29 - Peace of Iasi with Turkey
1793 - Second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1794 - Polish uprising under the leadership of T. Kosciuszko and its suppression
1795 - Third partition of Poland
1796 - Formation of the Little Russian province 1796-1797. — War with Persia
1797 - April 5 - “Institution of the Imperial Family”
1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns by A.V. Suvorov
1799 - Formation of the United Russian-American Company
1801 January 18 - Manifesto on the accession of Georgia to Russia
1801 from March 11 to 12 - Palace coup. Assassination of Paul I. Accession to the throne of Alexander I
1804-1813 — Russian-Iranian war
1805 November 20 - Battle of Austerlitz
1806-1812 — Russia's war with Turkey
1807 June 25 - Peace of Tilsit
1808-1809 — Russian-Swedish war
1810 January 1 - Establishment of the State Council
1812 - Invasion of Napoleon's Grand Army into Russia. Patriotic War
1812 August 26 - Battle of Borodino
1813 January 1 - Beginning of the Foreign Campaign of the Russian Army
1813 October 16-19 - “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig
1814 March 19 - Allied forces enter Paris
1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna
1825 December 14 - Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg
1826-1828 — Russian-Iranian war
1827 October 20 - Battle of Navarino Bay
1828 February 10 - Turkmanchay peace treaty with Iran
1828-1829 — Russian-Turkish War
1829 September 2 - Treaty of Adrianople with Turkey
1835 July 26 - University Charter
1837 October 30 - Opening of the St. Petersburg-Tsarskoe Selo railway
1839-1843 — Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kankrina
1853 - Opening of the “Free Russian Printing House” by A.I. Herzen in London
1853 - Kokaid campaign of General. V.A. Perovsky
1853-1856 - Crimean War
1854 September - 1855 August - Defense of Sevastopol
1856 March 18 - Treaty of Paris
1860 May 31 - Establishment of the State Bank
1861 February 19 - Abolition of serfdom
1861 - Establishment of the Council of Ministers
1863 June 18 - University Charter
1864 November 20 - Decree on judicial reform. "New judicial statutes"
1865 - Military judicial reform
1874 January 1 - “Charter on military service”
1874 spring - The first mass “going to the people” of revolutionary populists
1875 April 25 - St. Petersburg Treaty between Russia and Japan (on South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
1876-1879 — Second “Land and Freedom”
1877-1878 — Russian-Turkish War
August 1879 - Split of “Land and Freedom” into “Black Redistribution” and “People’s Will”
1881 March 1 - Assassination of Alexander II by revolutionary populists
1885 January 7-18 - Morozov strike
1892 - Russian-French secret military convention
1896 - Invention of the radiotelegraph by A.S. Popov
1896 May 18 - Khodynka tragedy in Moscow during the coronation of Nicholas II
1898 March 1-2 - First Congress of the RSDLP
1899 May-July - I Hague Peace Conference
1902 - Formation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs)
1904-1905 — Russo-Japanese War
1905 January 9 - “Bloody Sunday”. The beginning of the first Russian revolution
April 1905 - Formation of the Russian Monarchist Party and the “Union of the Russian People”.
1905 May 12-June 1 - General strike in Ivanovo-Voskresensk. Formation of the first Council of Workers' Deputies
1905 May 14-15 - Battle of Tsushima
1905 June 9-11 - Uprising in Lodz
1905 June 14-24 - Uprising on the battleship Potemkin
1905 August 23 - Treaty of Portsmouth with Japan
1905 October 7 - Beginning of the All-Russian political strike
1905 October 12-18 - Founding Congress of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets)
1905 October 13 - Creation of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies
1905 October 17 - Manifesto of Nicholas II
1905 November - The emergence of the "Union of October 17" (Octobrists)
1905 December 9-19 - Moscow armed uprising
1906 April 27-July 8 - I State Duma
1906 November 9 - Beginning of the agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin
1907 February 20-June 2 - II State Duma
1907 November 1 - 1912 July 9 - III State Duma
1908 - Formation of the reactionary “Union of Michael the Archangel”
1912 November 15 - 1917 February 25 - IV State Duma
1914 July 19 (August 1) - Germany declares war on Russia. Beginning of the First World War
1916 May 22-July 31 - Brusilovsky breakthrough
1916 December 17 - Murder of Rasputin
1917 February 26 - Beginning of the transition of troops to the side of the revolution
1917 February 27 - February Revolution. Overthrow of the autocracy in Russia
1917, March 3 - Abdication of the leader. book Mikhail Alexandrovich. Declaration of the Provisional Government
1917 June 9-24 - I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
1917 August 12-15 - State meeting in Moscow
1917 August 25-September 1 - Kornilov rebellion
1917 September 14-22 - All-Russian Democratic Conference in Petrograd
1917 October 24-25 - Armed Bolshevik coup. Overthrow of the Provisional Government
1917 October 25 - Opening of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets
1917 October 26 - Soviet decrees on peace, on land. "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
1917 November 12 - Elections to the Constituent Assembly
1917 December 7 - Decision of the Council of People's Commissars to create the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for the Fight against Counter-Revolution (VChK)
1917 December 14 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the nationalization of banks
1917 December 18 - Independence of Finland
1918-1922 — Civil war on the territory of the former Russian Empire
1918 January 6 - Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly
1918 January 26 - Decree on the transition to a new calendar style from February 1 (14)
1918 - March 3 - Conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty
1918 May 25 - Beginning of the uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps
1918 July 10 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR
1920 January 16 - Lifting of the blockade of Soviet Russia by the Entente
1920 - Soviet-Polish War
1921 February 28-March 18 - Kronstadt uprising
1921 March 8-16 - X Congress of the RCP (b). Decision on the "New Economic Policy"
1921 March 18 - Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland
1922 April 10-May 19 - Genoa Conference
1922 April 16 - Rappal separate treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
1922 December 27 - Formation of the USSR
1922 December 30 - I Congress of Soviets of the USSR
1924 January 31 - Approval of the Constitution of the USSR
1928 October - 1932 December - First Five-Year Plan. The beginning of industrialization in the USSR
1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization
1933-1937 — Second Five Year Plan
1934 December 1 - Murder of S.M. Kirov. The deployment of mass terror in the USSR
1936 December 5 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR
1939 August 23 - Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
1939 September 1 - German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II
1939 September 17 - Entry of Soviet troops into Poland
1939 September 28 - Soviet-German Treaty on Friendship and Borders
1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish War
1940 June 28 - Entry of Soviet troops into Bessarabia
1940 June-July - Soviet occupation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
1941 April 13 - Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty
1941 June 22 - Attack of Nazi Germany and its allies on the USSR. Beginning of the Great Patriotic War
1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War
1945 September 2 - Act of Unconditional Surrender of Japan
1945 November 20 - 1946 October 1 - Nuremberg trials
1946-1950 — Fourth Five-Year Plan. Restoration of the destroyed national economy
1948 August - Session of VASKHNIL. Launch of a campaign to combat “Morganism” and “cosmopolitanism”
1949 January 5-8 - Creation of CMEA
1949 August 29 - First test of an atomic bomb in the USSR
1954 June 27 - Launch of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk
1955 14m; 1st - Creation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO)
1955 July 18-23 - Meeting of the heads of government of the USSR, Great Britain, USA and France in Geneva
1956 February 14-25 - XX Congress of the CPSU
1956 June 30 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union “Overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences”
1957 July 28-August 11 - VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow
1957 October 4 - Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR
1961 April 12 - Flight of Yu.A. Gagarin on the Vostok spacecraft
1965 March 18 - Exit of pilot-cosmonaut A.A. Leonov into outer space
1965 - Reform of the economic mechanism of economic management in the USSR
1966 June 6 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On the public conscription of youth for the most important construction projects of the five-year plan”
1968 August 21 - Intervention of the Warsaw Countries in Czechoslovakia
1968 - Open letter from Academician A.D. Sakharov to the Soviet leadership
1971, March 30-April 9 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU
1972 May 26 - Signing in Moscow of the “Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and the USA.” The beginning of the policy of "détente"
1974 February - Expulsion from the USSR of A.I. Solzhenitsyn
1975 July 15-21 - Joint Soviet-American experiment under the Soyuz-Apollo program
1975 July 30-August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing of the Final Act by 33 European countries, the USA and Canada
1977 October 7 - Adoption of the Constitution of “developed socialism” of the USSR
1979 December 24 - Beginning of the intervention of Soviet troops in Afghanistan
1980 January - Link A.D. Sakharov to Gorky
1980 July 19-August 3 - Olympic Games in Moscow
1982 May 24 - Adoption of the Food Program
1985 November 19-21 - Meeting of M.S. Gorbachev and US President R. Reagan in Geneva. Restoration of Soviet-American political dialogue
1986 April 26 - Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
1987 June-July - Beginning of the policy of “perestroika” in the USSR
1988 June 28-July 1 - XIX Conference of the CPSU. The beginning of political reform in the USSR
1989 May 25-June 9. — I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, elected on the basis of changes to the Constitution of the USSR
1990 March 11 - Adoption of the act of independence of Lithuania.
1990 March 12-15 - III Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
1990 May 1-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia
1991 March 17 - Referendum on preserving the USSR and introducing the post of President of the RSFSR
1991 June 12 - Russian presidential elections
1991 July 1 - Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact Organization in Prague
1991 August 19-21 - Attempted coup in the USSR (Case of the State Emergency Committee)
September 1991 - Troops are brought into Vilnius. Attempted coup in Lithuania
1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the “Commonwealth of Independent States” and the dissolution of the USSR
1992 January 2 - Price liberalization in Russia
1992 February 1 - Declaration of Russia and the United States on the end of the Cold War
1992 March 13 - Initialing of the Federal Treaty of Republics within the Russian Federation
1993 March - VIII and IX Congresses of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
1993 April 25 - All-Russian referendum on confidence in the policies of the President of Russia
June 1993 - Work of the constitutional meeting to prepare the draft Constitution of Russia
1993 September 21 - Decree of B.N. Yeltsin “On stage-by-stage constitutional reform” and the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation
1993 October 3-4 - Demonstrations and armed actions of the pro-communist opposition in Moscow. Storming of the Supreme Council building by troops loyal to the President
1993 December 12 - Elections to the State Duma and Federation Council. Referendum on the draft new Constitution of the Russian Federation
1994 January 11 - Start of work of the State Duma and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in Moscow