As the city used to be called bitter. What was the name of Nizhny Novgorod
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Our ship, having made a turn in the roadstead, approaches the passenger landing stage.
We are in a city with which so many things dear to every Soviet person are connected.
Here, in 1868, Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov (M. Gorky), a great writer, the pride of Russian and world literature, was born.
Lenin's brother Alexander and sister Anna were born in Gorky. Vladimir Ilyich's father, Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov, taught in the 60s at the Nizhny Novgorod Men's Gymnasium.
Vladimir Ilyich visited this city in 1893, 1894 and 1900, and the people of Gorky sacredly preserve the houses where the great leader of the proletariat held clandestine meetings of the Nizhny Novgorod Social Democrats and where he opposed the Narodniks.
In 1885, Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, the first chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, was born in Gorky. His revolutionary activity began in Gorky.
The great Russian revolutionary-democrat Nikolai Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov was born here and studied at the seminary.
Here is the birthplace of the great inventor Ivan Petrovich Kulibin.
In Nizhny Novgorod, the patriot Kozma Minin in 1611 turned to fellow citizens with a fiery appeal - not to spare either life or property, "mortgage wives and children" to save the fatherland - and the people's army rose to his call, driving the invaders away from Russian land.
In the village of Boldino, Nizhny Novgorod province, Pushkin created "Little Tragedies" and "Tales of Belkin", completed "Eugene Onegin". In Nizhny, returning from exile, Shevchenko lived; Korolenko spent eleven years here, and these years were the heyday of his literary and social activities.
The development of the city in the post-revolutionary period is associated with the names of the largest figures of the Communist Party and Soviet state. V. M. Molotov, L. M. Kaganovich, A. I. Mikoyan worked here. For ten years, A. A. Zhdanov was the permanent leader of the Gorky communists.
Gorky is the largest city in the Volga region. According to the 1939 census, it had 644 thousand inhabitants, but since then this number has increased significantly. The growth rate of Gorky's population already in the first five years was twice the growth rate of New York's population in the years of its greatest development.
The territory of today's Gorky is ten times larger than the territory of the pre-revolutionary Nizhny Novgorod. The old enterprises of the city, including the Sormovsky plant, have long been reconstructed.
More than a hundred new factories and plants have been built in the city. Gorky became the center of one of the largest industrial regions, where mechanical engineering and a number of branches of the energy, metallurgical, chemical, timber, food, and light industries are especially developed.
By the beginning of the fifth five-year plan, the industry of the region was producing more than twice as much products as in 1940, and 50 times more than in 1913. During the four years of the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the industry of the city of Gorky increased output by another two-thirds.
During the fifth five-year plan, about half a million square meters living area. This is almost half of what was built in pre-revolutionary Nizhny Novgorod over the seven centuries of its existence.
Many new houses are being built in the city center and on its main thoroughfares. Three quarters of these houses have four to six floors.
The length of tram, bus, trolleybus lines in Gorky has already reached 330 kilometers and continues to grow. The construction of a second bridge across the Oka is planned, which will connect the upland part of the city with the Avtozavodsky district.
The green zone created around Gorky will encircle the city with a ring of park forests.
- ... Wikipedia
1. GORKY Maxim (real name and surname Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov) (1868 1936), Russian writer, publicist. The collection Essays and Stories (vol. 1 3, 1898 99) had a great resonance, where they were depicted as carriers of a new, free morality (not without ... ... Russian history
Bitter-, wow, m. The name (from 1932 to 1993) of Nizhny Novgorod / in honor of the proletarian writer M. Gorky /. Vereshchagin, Kostomarov, 1976, 103. ◘ In Soviet time he served in Nizhny Novgorod in the current Gorky. Marshak, 1960, 557. Bitter city, ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of Soviet Deputies
Gorky (until 1932 Nizhny Novgorod), a city, the center of the Gorky region of the RSFSR. Located at the confluence of the Volga and Oka. The territory of Georgia is 334 km2 (up to October revolution 32 km2). A major transport hub: six railway beams (three ... ...
The Bitter Tea of General Yen Genre Drama Director Fre ... Wikipedia
- (until 1932 Nizhny Novgorod), a city, the center of the Gorky region of the RSFSR. Located at the confluence of the Volga and Oka. Founded in 1221. From 1350 the capital of the Suzdal Nizhny Novgorod principality, a major trade and cultural center, from the 19th century. also bought... Art Encyclopedia
The Town Genre crime drama ... Wikipedia
city- soulless (Serg. Tsensky); immeasurable (Balmont); oppressive (Balmont); formidable (Balmont); rumbling (Bely, Sergeev Tsensky); stuffy (P.Ya.); stone (Wanderer P.Ya.); deadly calm (Fofanov); many-sided (Bryusov); motley (Gumilyov); magnificent…… Dictionary of epithets
I Gorky Maxim (pseudonym; real name and surname Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov), Russian Soviet writer, the founder of socialist literature ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Large locality, whose inhabitants are mainly employed in industry and trade, as well as in the areas of service, management, science, and culture. G. is usually the administrative and cultural center of the surrounding area. The main ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Books
- M. Gorky. Selected works (set of 3 books), M. Gorky. In the first volume Selected works included the stories of M. Gorky 1892-1904: "Makar Chudra", "Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka", "Old Woman Izergil", "Chelkash", "My Companion" and others. In the second volume...
- City of the yellow devil, M. Gorky. Russian writer Maxim Gorky is one of the most significant, complex and controversial figures in world literature. In prose, drama, memoirs, the writer reflected on an epic scale ...
Guide to the city of Gorky, 1960 edition. Publishing house "Gorkovskaya Pravda"
Under the cut - text and 57 photos. Style and spelling of the original.
The city of Gorky - former Nizhny Novgorod - is a large industrial and cultural center. It has a long history rich in outstanding events.
From its founding (1221) to mid-sixteenth century Nizhny Novgorod was the eastern border fortress of Russia on the Volga.
At the beginning of the 17th century (in 1611), at the call of the great Russian patriot Kuzma Minin, a nationwide militia was created in Nizhny Novgorod, which saved the country from the threat of foreign enslavement.
At the end of the last and the beginning of the current century, the city was famous for the All-Russian Fair, which played an important role in the country's economy.
From the second half of XIX centuries, Nizhny Novgorod has been developing as a major industrial centre. The Nizhny Novgorod proletariat was one of the vanguard detachments of the proletarian revolutionary movement in our country. It was led by the Nizhny Novgorod party organization, created with the active participation of the great Lenin. The Nizhny Novgorod workers waged a tense struggle against the autocracy, capitalists and landowners, fought on the barricades in December 1905 and won a victory in the days of the Great October Revolution.
In the years civil war and foreign military intervention and during the years of the Great Patriotic War the city was one of the arsenals Soviet army who forged weapons of victory over the enemies of the Land of the Soviets.
Nizhny Novgorod - Gorky - the birthplace of many outstanding revolutionaries, figures of Russian and Soviet science and culture. The great writer A. M. Gorky, whose name the city has been bearing since 1932, was born and worked here. Born in Nizhny Novgorod and started his revolutionary activity Ya. M. Sverdlov. The natives of the city are the brilliant inventor I. P. Kulibin, the great mathematician N. I. Lobachevsky, the outstanding critic and revolutionary democrat N. A. Dobrolyubov, the composer M. A. Balakirev, the writers P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky, V. I. Kostylev and many others.
In the city of Gorky, many ancient monuments of the 16th-18th centuries have been preserved. Over the years Soviet power the city has changed, grown, rejuvenated. Nine-tenths of its territory - huge residential areas, dozens of businesses - all this arose in Soviet period on the site of wastelands, former suburban villages and hamlets. If, according to the 1926 census, 184.9 thousand people lived in Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavin and Sormovo, then according to the 1959 census, the population of Gorky amounted to 942 thousand people.
On May 2, 1930, on the site of wastelands and swamps near the village of Monastyrki, a giant of the domestic automobile industry, an automobile plant, was laid. Now a large residential area with dozens of well-maintained streets is widely spread around it.
The number of residents of the district is almost twice the population of pre-revolutionary Nizhny. The same changes took place in the Sormovo district, where the villages surrounding the Sormovo plant have disappeared into multi-storey buildings and are disappearing from the face of the earth. Large residential areas have been created and are being created in other parts of the city.
Gorky industry provides the country with a wide variety of products. Compared with 1913, the output of large-scale industry has increased 191 times. The leading sectors of the Gorky industry are the automotive industry, machine tool building, river shipbuilding, mechanical engineering. In addition, the city has a number of large light and food industries.
In our country and far beyond its borders, comfortable passenger cars "Chaika" and "Volga", trucks GAZ-51, GAZ-bZ, GAZ-62 and others produced at the Gorky Automobile Plant are widely known. On many waterways countries, ships manufactured at the oldest enterprise in the city, the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, ply. In Sormov, the flagships of the Volga fleet - the diesel-electric ships "Lenin" and "Soviet Union" - were manufactured, and the production of high-speed multi-seat hydrofoil passenger ships was launched. In our country and abroad, milling machines, mill equipment, and many other products manufactured by the Gorky industry are well known. According to the seven-year plan, a significant technical re-equipment of the Gorky industry is planned, and it will master the production of many new models of products.
The city of Gorky is a major transport center.
Along the Volga and Oka, during the navigation period, dozens of ships with national economic cargo and passengers depart from the city every day. Gorky port is the largest river port in terms of cargo turnover Soviet Union. The currently electrified Gorky railway is one of the most significant railway lines in the country.
Urban transport is being further developed. The total length of the city's tram lines is about 170 kilometers, and the length of bus routes is 400 km. The city has seven trolleybus routes and a large taxi fleet. Great work is underway on asphalting the streets, landscaping, street lighting is being transferred to fluorescent lamps, and gasification of the housing stock is being carried out on a large scale.
The city of Gorky is a major cultural center. It has ten higher educational institutions, a number of scientific research institutes, 21 technical schools, more than 150 schools.
Opera and drama theatres, a comedy theater, a theater for young spectators and a puppet theater operate in the city, there are two large Palaces of Culture, a cinema and concert hall, a philharmonic society, 45 cinemas and clubs, about 400 libraries, 6 museums, a television center.
The population of the city is served by 54 hospitals, 54 outpatient clinics and polyclinics, employing over 3,500 doctors.
According to the seven-year plan, further development of the urban economy is planned. The city will be built over three and a half million square meters of living space, which is almost three pre-revolutionary Nizhny Novgorod. New highway and railway bridges will be built across the Oka and the Volga, and city embankments will be reconstructed. Major work is planned for the further improvement of the city.
Fulfilling the decisions of the party and government, the working people of the city of Gorky tirelessly work for the benefit of their great motherland are making their worthy contribution to the accomplishment of the great task of the full-scale construction of communism in our country.
1. Monument to V.I. Lenin in Sormov
2. Zelensky congress
3. Sormovo. Comintern street.
4. Revolution Square
5. Ya. M. Sverdlov Street ( now the historical name has been returned - Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, now the street is pedestrian - hereinafter - my notes are in italics)
6. Car factory. Sotsgorod.
7. New residential buildings on the Arzamas highway.
8. Entrance to the Kremlin.
9. The building of the regional Council of Trade Unions.
10. Monument to the heroes of the 1905 revolution.
11. On the nursery railway them. A. M. Gorky.
12. Opera and Ballet Theatre. A. S. Pushkin
13. Drama Theatre. A. M. Gorky
14. Central entrance to the new building of the University. N. I. Lobachevsky
15. Diesel-electric ship "Lenin". Built at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant ( burned down during the winter repair of 1986-1987, the hull was cut into metal in the backwater of the Memory of the Paris Commune in the mid-90s)
16. Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve
17. In one of the halls of the museum
18. Monument to A. M. Gorky
19. Household museum of childhood A. M. Gorky. ("Kashirin's house").
20. City Council Building
21. car factory. On the assembly line of cars "Volga"
22. Car "Seagull"
23. Palace of Culture. V. I. Lenin
24. At the children's river shipping company
25. In the concert hall of the Conservatory. M. I. Glinka.
26. Polytechnic Institute. A. A. Zhdanova
28. Agricultural Institute
29. In the Kremlin.
30. Monument to V.P. Chkalov
31. Car factory. Cinema hall.
32. Monument to Ya. M. Sverdlov
33. In one of the squares of the city.
34. On a winter day.
35. Palace of Pioneers. V. P. Chkalov.
36. View of the bridge across the Oka ( Kanavinsky bridge)
37. Continuous casting of steel at the plant "Red Sormovo".
38. At the berths of the passenger pier.
39. In the workshop of a garment factory
40. At the entrance to the State Bank
41. Icebreaker on the Volga ( on the photo - icebreaker "Don" of project 16. Built in 1950, decommissioned, broken up in 2008 in the backwater of the Memory of the Paris Commune)
42. In the river port ( motor ship project 576 "Sviyazhsk")
43. At the stadium "Torpedo"
44. At the rink of the stadium "Dynamo"
45. Gorkovskaya HPP ( The HPP itself is located in Gorodets and connects two cities - Zavolzhye and Gorodets, the photo shows the final stage of construction)
46. Volga embankment.
47. Hotel "Central"
48. Young pioneers are coming
49. Concert of a symphony orchestra on the Volga slope
50. In the reading room of the regional library. V. I. Lenin.
51. House of communication ( I don’t know how it was in those years - but now it’s perhaps the only house in the country without an address - it’s written in the documents - Nizhny Novgorod, Communications House)
52. In kindergarten
53. Hydrofoils on the Volga.
54. Ski jump.
55. Car factory. Store.
56. "Meteor" - a 150-seat hydrofoil ship. Built at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant in 1959.
57. In the studio of the television center.
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