Presentation on the theme "Life and work of M. Tsvetaeva". “To the anniversary of Marina Tsvetaeva” Presentation for a literature lesson Relations with Sofia Parnok

She welcomed the February Revolution of 1917, as did her husband, whose parents (who died before the revolution) were Narodnaya Volya revolutionaries. She perceived the October Revolution as a triumph of destructive despotism. Sergei Efron sided with the Provisional Government and participated in the Moscow battles, defending the Kremlin from the Red Guards. The news of the October Revolution caught Tsvetaeva in the Crimea, visiting Voloshin. Soon her husband also arrived. On November 25, 1917, she left the Crimea for Moscow to pick up her children - Alya and little Irina, who was born in April of this year. Tsvetaeva intended to return with her children to Koktebel, to Voloshin, Sergei Efron decided to go to the Don to continue the fight against the Bolsheviks there. It was not possible to return to the Crimea: insurmountable circumstances, the fronts of the Civil War separated Tsvetaeva from her husband and from Voloshin. She never saw the Voloshins again. Sergei Efron fought in the ranks of the White Army, and Tsvetaeva, who remained in Moscow, had no news of him. In hungry and impoverished Moscow in 1917–1920, she wrote poems praising the sacrificial feat of the White Army: White Guard, your path is high: / Black muzzle - chest and temple; Storms - blizzards, whirlwinds cherished you, / And you will remain in the song - white swans! By the end of 1921, these poems were combined into the collection Swan Camp, prepared for publication.

EARLY LYRICS IN THE WORKS OF Tsvetaeva
Following the “Evening Album”, two more poetry collections by Tsvetaeva appeared: “The Magic Lantern” (1912) and “From Two Books” (1913) - both under the brand name of the Ole-Lukoye publishing house, the home enterprise of Sergei Efron, a friend of Tsvetaeva’s youth whom she would marry in 1912. At this time, Tsvetaeva - "magnificent and victorious" - was already living a very intense spiritual life.
By that time, Tsvetaeva already knew well her worth as a poet in 1914. she writes in her diary: “I am unshakably confident in my poetry,” but did absolutely nothing to improve and secure her human and literary destiny. Marina's love of life was embodied, first of all, in love for Russia and for Russian speech. Marina loved the city in which she was born very much, she devoted many poems to Moscow.
From my hands - miraculous city
…
Over the city rejected by Peter, The bell thunder rolled. The surf rolled over over the woman rejected by you. Praise to Tsar Peter and to you, O Tsar! churches, Laugh at the pride of kings!

Marina Tsvetaeva Life and work of the poet

Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (September 26 (October 8), 1892, Moscow, Russian Empire - August 31, 1941, Yelabuga, USSR) - Russian poetess, prose writer, translator, one of the largest Russian poets of the 20th century.

Marina Tsvetaeva was born on September 26 (October 8), 1892 in Moscow, on the day when the Orthodox Church celebrates the memory of the Evangelist John the Theologian. This coincidence is reflected in several poems of the poet. With a red brush, Rowan lit up. Leaves fell, I was born. Hundreds of Bells argued. The day was Sabbath: John the Evangelist.

Her father, Ivan Vladimirovich, is a professor at Moscow University, a well-known philologist and art critic; later became the director of the Rumyantsev Museum and the founder of the Museum of Fine Arts.

Mother, Maria Alexandrovna Mein (by origin - from a Russified Polish-German family), was a pianist, a student of Anton Rubinstein. A huge influence on Marina, on the formation of her character was exerted by her mother. She dreamed of seeing her daughter as a musician.

After the death of her mother from consumption in 1906, Marina and her sister Anastasia remained in the care of their father. Anastasia (left) and Marina Tsvetaeva. Yalta, 1905. ... The azure island-childhood is getting paler, We are standing alone on the deck. It can be seen that you left sadness as a legacy, O mother, to your girls!

Tsvetaeva's childhood years were spent in Moscow and Tarusa. Due to the illness of her mother, she lived for a long time in Italy, Switzerland and Germany. "House Thio" was bought in 1899 by M. Tsvetaeva's maternal grandfather A.D. Maine. After his death, his second wife lived in the house for the last 20 years of her life, whom the underage Marina and Asya nicknamed "Thyo". Tjo from "aunt", since not her own grandmother ordered to call her aunt. The nickname "Thio" was transferred to the house as well. Marina and Anastasia Tsvetaeva lived in this house during winter visits to Tarusa in 1907-1910.

Marina Ivanovna received her primary education in Moscow, in the private women's gymnasium M. T. Bryukhonenko. She continued it in the pensions of Lausanne (Switzerland) and Freiburg (Germany). At the age of sixteen she made a trip to Paris to listen to a short course of lectures on old French literature at the Sorbonne.

In 1910, Marina published (at the printing house of A. A. Levenson) with her own money the first collection of poems - "Evening Album". (The collection is dedicated to the memory of Maria Bashkirtseva, which emphasizes its "diary" orientation). “This book is not only a sweet book of girlish confessions, but also a book of beautiful poems” N. Gumilyov

The "Evening Album" was followed two years later by a second collection - "Magic Lantern". Tsvetaeva's early work was significantly influenced by Nikolai Nekrasov, Valery Bryusov and Maximilian Voloshin (the poetess stayed at Voloshin's house in Koktebel in 1911, 1913, 1915 and 1917). In 1913, the third collection, "From Two Books," was published.

I wear his ring with a challenge Yes, wife in eternity, not on paper! - His face is excessively narrow Like a sword ... His mouth is silent, angles down, Painfully magnificent eyebrows. Two ancient bloods tragically merged in his face... In his face I am true to chivalry, To all those who lived and died without fear! - Such - in fatal times - Compose stanzas - and go to the chopping block. June 3, 1914 In 1911, Tsvetaeva met her future husband Sergei Efron.

On January 27, 1912, the wedding of Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergei Efron took place. In the same year, Marina and Sergey had a daughter, Ariadne (Alya).

In the summer of 1916, Tsvetaeva arrived in the city of Alexandrov, where her sister Anastasia Tsvetaeva lived with her common-law husband Mauritius Mints and son Andrei. In Alexandrov Tsvetaeva wrote a cycle of poems (“To Akhmatova”, “Poems about Moscow”, and other poems), and literary critics later called her stay in the city “Alexandrovsky summer of Marina Tsvetaeva”. Sisters Tsvetaeva with children, S. Efron, M. Mints (standing on the right). Alexandrov, 1916

In 1914, Marina met the poetess and translator Sofia Parnok; their romantic relationship continued until 1916. Tsvetaeva dedicated the cycle of poems “Girlfriend” to Parnok. Relations with Parnok Tsvetaeva described as "the first disaster in my life."

In 1917, Tsvetaeva gave birth to a daughter, Irina, who died of starvation in an orphanage in Kuntsevo (then in the Moscow region) at the age of 3 years. Ariadna (left) and Irina Efron. 1919 The years of the Civil War turned out to be very difficult for Tsvetaeva. Sergei Efron served in the White Army. Marina lived in Moscow, in Borisoglebsky Lane. During these years, a cycle of poems "The Swan Camp" appeared, imbued with sympathy for the white movement. House in Borisoglebsky Lane, 6, where M. Tsvetaeva lived from 1914 to 1922

In May 1922, Tsvetaeva and her daughter Ariadna were allowed to go abroad - to her husband, who, having survived the defeat of Denikin, as a white officer, now became a student at Prague University. At first, Tsvetaeva and her daughter lived for a short time in Berlin, then for three years on the outskirts of Prague. Marina Tsvetaeva in 1924 Homesickness! A long-exposed trouble! It doesn’t matter to me at all - Where to be completely alone, along which stones to walk home with a purse from the market Into the house, and not knowing that it is mine, Like a hospital or a barracks ... 1934

In 1925, after the birth of their son George, the family moved to Paris. Mur (Georgy Sergeevich Efron), son of Marina Tsvetaeva. Paris, 1930s. M.I. Tsvetaeva with her husband and children, 1925

Most of what Tsvetaeva created in exile remained unpublished. In 1928, the last lifetime collection of the poetess, After Russia, was published in Paris, which included poems from 1922-1925. Later, Tsvetaeva writes about it this way: “My failure in emigration is that I am not an emigrant, that I am in spirit, that is, in air and in scope - there, there, from there ...”.

On March 15, 1937, Ariadne left for Moscow, the first of the family to have the opportunity to return to her homeland. On October 10 of the same year, Efron fled France, becoming involved in a contract political assassination. In 1939, Tsvetaeva returned to the USSR after her husband and daughter. Upon arrival, she lived at the NKVD dacha in Bolshevo (now the Museum-apartment of M. I. Tsvetaeva in Bolshevo). M.I. Tsvetaeva, France, 1939 Passport photo before returning to her homeland Tsvetaeva's house-museum in Bolshevo, the city of Korolev

On August 27, Ariadne's daughter was arrested, on October 10, Efron. In August 1941 Sergei Yakovlevich was shot; Ariadne, after fifteen years of repression, was rehabilitated in 1955. During this period, Tsvetaeva practically did not write poetry, doing translations. Sergei Efron with his daughter Ariadna (Alei), 1930s

On August 31, 1941, Marina Tsvetaeva committed suicide by hanging herself in the house where she and her son were sent to stay. She left three suicide notes: to those who will bury her (“evacuees”, Aseev and son). The house where M.I. committed suicide Tsvetaeva Posthumous note to her son

Marina Tsvetaeva was buried on September 2, 1941 at the Peter and Paul Cemetery in Yelabuga. The exact location of her grave is unknown. On the high bank of the Oka, in her beloved city of Tarusa, according to the will of Tsvetaeva, a stone (Tarusa dolomite) was installed with the inscription "Marina Tsvetaeva would like to lie here."

Thank you for your attention!

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Text content of presentation slides: To the anniversary of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) Chemistry teacher Burakova Irina Prokopievna, MKU Alygdzher boarding school, Nizhneudinsky district, Irkutsk region, 2012.

The mountain ash lit up with a red brush. Leaves fell, I was born. Hundreds of bells argued. The day was Saturday: John the Theologian
You, whose dreams are still deep, Whose movements are still quiet, Go to Trekhprudny Lane, If you love my poems.

In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva with her father. 1906
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style.rotation Marina Tsvetaeva. 1911 Photo by Maximilian Voloshin

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ppt_xppt_y In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva in 1900.
In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergey Efron. 1911

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In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva with Moore - in the center, Pantagnac, 1928.

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At home to the stars, and the sky below, The earth is close to him in a child. In the big and joyful Paris All the same secret longing. Evening boulevards are noisy, The last ray of dawn has faded. . To the trunk of a chestnut Cling so sweetly to the head! And Rostand's verse cries in the heart Like there, in abandoned Moscow. In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva with her son, Versailles, 1930.

In the photo: Marina Tsvetaeva with her son George. 1935
House of M. Tsvetaeva. Borisoglebsky per., Moscow
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Marina Tsvetaeva lived here in 1911-1912. Moscow, Sivtsev Vrazhek, 19
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A poem by Marina Tsvetaeva on the wall of one of the houses in Leiden (Netherlands)
style.fontStylestyle.fontWeightstyle.textDecorationUnderline Who is made of stone, who is made of clay, - And I silver and sparkle! I care about treason, my name is Marina, I am the mortal foam of the sea. That's the coffin and tombstones ... - In the font of the sea she was baptized - and in Her flight - is incessantly broken! Through every heart, through every network My self-will will break through. Me - you see these dissolute curls? - You won’t make earthly salt. I am resurrected with every wave! Long live foam - cheerful foam - High foam of the sea!
ppt_xppt_y Used materialshttps://yandex.ru/search/?lr=11268&clid=2219618&win=215&msid=1474169012.47056.22897.1094&text=%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%9C%D0%B0 %D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0 %B9&suggest_reqid=209999518138288003054894899955648&csg=7648%2C19738%2C21%2C21%2C0%2C1%2C0

4 student of Anton Rubinstein. Tsvetaeva's mother was an outstanding person, a pianist, a student of Anton Rubinstein. Intoxication with music, great talent, ability for languages, a brilliant memory, a magnificent style, poetry in Russian and German, painting classes ... She opened the children's eyes to nature, music, endowed them with many joys of childhood, gave them the best books in the world. .

After the death of her mother from consumption in 1906, Marina and her sister Anastasia remained in the care of their father. Anastasia (left) and Marina Tsvetaeva. Yalta, ... The azure island-childhood is getting paler, We are standing alone on the deck. It can be seen that you left sadness as a legacy, O mother, to your girls!

I.V. Tsvetaev with his daughter Marina., - so Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev said to his eldest daughter Valeria at the end of his life., - so said Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev to his eldest daughter Valeria at the end of his life. Having first buried his first beloved wife, and then his second, Maria Alexandrovna Mein, he devoted himself entirely to the work of his life - the construction of the Museum of Fine Arts, which was opened in May 1913. Having first buried his first beloved wife, and then his second, Maria Alexandrovna Mein, he devoted himself entirely to the work of his life - the construction of the Museum of Fine Arts, which was opened in May 1913. In adolescence, after the death of their mother, without the strict control of an invariably working father, Marina and Asya grew up self-willed. Marina often missed the gymnasium, for the sake of seclusion in her room, for the sake of poetry. On the day of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy's funeral, the girls left for Yasnaya Polyana without asking. In adolescence, after the death of their mother, without the strict control of an invariably working father, Marina and Asya grew up self-willed. Marina often missed the gymnasium, for the sake of seclusion in her room, for the sake of poetry. On the day of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy's funeral, the girls left for Yasnaya Polyana without asking. Tsvetaeva has no poems directly dedicated to her father. But in 1931, shortly before Ivan Tsvetaev's memorial day, she wrote a poem in which there is a mention of her father's Museum. Tsvetaeva has no poems directly dedicated to her father. But in 1931, shortly before Ivan Tsvetaev's memorial day, she wrote a poem in which there is a mention of her father's Museum.

In 1910, Marina published (at the printing house of A. A. Levenson) at her own expense the first collection of poems, Evening Album. (The collection is dedicated to the memory of Maria Bashkirtseva, which emphasizes its "diary" orientation). “This book is not only a sweet book of girlish confessions, but also a book of beautiful poems” N. Gumilyov N. Gumilyov

The "Evening Album" was followed two years later by the second collection "Magic Lantern". Tsvetaeva's early work was significantly influenced by Nikolai Nekrasov, Valery Bryusov and Maximilian Voloshin (the poetess stayed at Voloshin's house in Koktebel in 1911, 1913, 1915 and 1917). In 1913, the third collection "From two books" was published.

In 1911, Tsvetaeva met her future husband Sergei Efron. I defiantly wear his ring Yes, wife in eternity, not on paper! - His face is excessively narrow Like a sword ... His mouth is silent, angles down, Painfully magnificent eyebrows. Two ancient bloods tragically merged in his face... In his face I am true to chivalry, To all those who lived and died without fear! - Such - in fatal times - Compose stanzas - and go to the chopping block. June 3, 1914

In the summer of 1916, Tsvetaeva arrived in the city of Alexandrov, where her sister Anastasia Tsvetaeva lived with her common-law husband Mauritius Mints and son Andrei. A cycle of poems was written in Alexandrov Tsvetaeva (“To Akhmatova”, “Poems about Moscow” and other poems), and literary critics later called her stay in the city “Marina Tsvetaeva’s Alexander Summer”. Sisters Tsvetaeva with children, S. Efron, M. Mints (standing on the right). Alexandrov, 1916

In 1917, Tsvetaeva gave birth to a daughter, Irina, who died of starvation in an orphanage in Kuntsevo (then in the Moscow region) at the age of 3 years. Ariadne (left) and Irina Efron year The years of the Civil War turned out to be very difficult for Tsvetaeva. Sergei Efron served in the White Army. Marina lived in Moscow, in Borisoglebsky Lane. During these years, a cycle of poems "The Swan Camp" appeared, imbued with sympathy for the white movement. House in Borisoglebsky Lane, 6, where M. Tsvetaeva lived from 1914 to 1922

In 1921 Marina Tsvetaeva learned that her husband was alive - she received the first news from him. In May 1922, Tsvetaeva and her daughter Ariadna were allowed to go abroad to her husband, who, having survived the defeat of Denikin, as a white officer, now became a student at Prague University. At first, Tsvetaeva and her daughter lived for a short time in Berlin, then for three years on the outskirts of Prague. Marina Tsvetaeva in 1924 Homesickness! A long-exposed trouble! It doesn’t matter to me at all - Where to be completely alone, along which stones to walk home with a purse from the market Into the house, and not knowing that it is mine, Like a hospital or a barracks ... 1934

On August 27, Ariadne's daughter was arrested; on October 10, Efron. In August 1941 Sergei Yakovlevich was shot; Ariadne, after fifteen years of repression, was rehabilitated in 1955. During this period, Tsvetaeva practically did not write poetry, doing translations. Sergei Efron with his daughter Ariadna (Alei), 1930s