Order of the Red Star. Order of the October Revolution: description, list of recipients, cost Russian Red Star Medal

Medals of the USSR - catalog of medals of the Great Patriotic War Soviet Union with photos, descriptions, history of their establishment and awards, prices.

Leave only WWII medals

After the revolution of 1917, and the formation of a new state, it was decided to abandon the system of awards tsarist Russia, so that all combat medals of the USSR were created from scratch.

Since 1924, promotion for special merits has been made by the only award established in the country - the Order of the Red Banner of War. By 1937, more than 32 thousand people received it, and this led to a depreciation of the award. In order to keep the value of the order at an appropriate level, it was decided to create junior awards - medals of the USSR.

Paragraph 9 of Article 121 of the Constitution of the USSR states that the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: “establishes orders and medals; establishes honorary titles; awards orders and medals; assigns honorary titles; Thus, orders and medals established by individual republics, departments and divisions are not state awards of the USSR.

The first medal of the armed forces of the USSR in 1938 was anniversary medal XX years of the Red Army, and ten months later the first combat medals of the Soviet Union were established - "For Courage" and "For Military Merit". Both of them became exclusively military, the first of them was awarded directly for courageous actions in battle, the second can be received collectively for a number of less significant actions, as well as for success in military and political training. A month later, in December 1938, by analogy with them, labor medals of the USSR were established - "For labor valor" and "For labor distinction", designed to encourage people who have accomplished labor feats.

The last awards established in the pre-war period were special insignia for citizens awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, this is the Gold Star medal for the military and the Hammer and Sickle medal for civilians.

Medals of the Great Patriotic War of the USSR

With the German attack on the USSR in June 1941, a period of hard battles, feats and other heroic deeds were performed en masse, and it became necessary to expand the reward system.

The initial period of the Great Patriotic War was characterized by a number of heroic defensive battles. To celebrate all the participants in those events, in December 1942, Soviet medals were established for the defense of Odessa, Sevastopol, Leningrad and Stalingrad. By that time, the first two cities, after a heroic defense, were abandoned by order of the headquarters, battles continued for the second two.

By February 1943, the enemy was stopped, and partisan movement in the occupied territories of the USSR, operating in the rear and undermining communications and military depots of the enemy. In 1943, more than a million Soviet citizens took part in the partisan movement, and to mark their contribution to the victory, a medal was created for the Partisan of the Patriotic War.

By the summer of 1943, there were already 15 military awards in the Soviet award system, which forced them to change the rules for wearing them. Since the summer of 1943, all round-shaped awards were worn on the left side of the chest, in addition, a special insignia "Golden Star" and "Hammer and Sickle" was also worn on the left side of the chest, and instead of medals, they were allowed to wear award ribbons on rectangular strips.

After the victory in the Great Patriotic War, a number of new awards were established, they were Soviet medals for the liberation of European capitals: Belgrade, Prague, Warsaw. WWII medals also appeared for the capture of strongholds Nazi Germany: Vienna, Konigsberg, Budapest, Berlin, in addition to them, special commemorative medals of the USSR were created: "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." and "For victory over Japan".

After the end of the Second World War, the question arose of restoring the destroyed economic and industrial potential of the Soviet Union. Millions of people took part in large-scale construction projects, and commemorative signs were created for participating in these events, such as medals for the Restoration of ferrous metallurgy enterprises, the mines of Donbass, and the construction of BAM.

Later, the award system of the USSR was expanded by establishing Soviet medals in honor of the anniversaries of the country's largest cities, the 800th anniversary of Moscow, the 250th anniversary of Leningrad and the 1500th anniversary of Kyiv.

In 1979, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union decided to put things in order in the award system, and approved the "General Regulations on Orders, Medals and Honorary Titles of the USSR." According to this document, all medals of the USSR were collected in eight groups:

Medals - signs of special distinction;
Medals for rewarding for labor merits;
Medals for awarding for merits in the defense of the socialist Fatherland and other military merits;
Medals for awarding for merits in solving the most important national economic problems of the USSR;
Medals for awarding mothers for having many children and raising children;
Medals for awarding merit in the performance of civil and official duty;
Medals for awarding merit and distinction during the Great Patriotic War, in defense, capture and liberation of cities and territories;
Medals for awarding in connection with the most important anniversaries in the history of the Soviet people.

On our website, we have created a catalog of USSR medals with prices, their descriptions, photographs, the history of the establishment and awards. The indicated cost of USSR medals is approximate, and to a large extent the price may fluctuate depending on the condition, availability of documents and the fame of the recipient.

The Order of the Red Star is the 22nd most senior military award in the USSR, one of the first approved. In general, the five-pointed red star was the basis for an even more prestigious Red Banner award, but the requirements for its presentation were higher. The order was officially introduced on 04/06/1930, and the status was established on 05/05/1930 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, although the development of the introduction of this award took place since 1925. Its statute was changed throughout the entire award period, the first amendment was made in 1936, then to the military and post-war years. The last revision was made in 1980.

V. Blyukher became the first to be awarded just one month later. After some time, military newspapers and magazines were awarded the award, the Krasnaya Zvezda publishing house topped the list of awardees. Also, they noted other types of teams: schools, divisions, etc.

During the Second World War, this award gained particular popularity, it was awarded to approximately three million people, including Foreign citizens. The order was awarded not only for outstanding military exploits, but also for achieving a labor plan in the rear.

In the post-war period, the order was awarded for accomplishing feats in peacetime. During these times, more than 800 thousand people received the award, including the military, combatants, policemen and soldiers of Afghanistan.

It is worth noting that this order could be awarded repeatedly, in history there are cases when it was awarded to one person 6 times, such people - 5.

The last person to receive this order was L. V. Razumovich, in 1991. During the entire existence of this award, it was presented to 3876742 people.

Appearance

The design of the order was developed by the artist V. K. Kupriyanov and the sculptor V. V. Golenetsky.

The order itself is very similar to the first emblems of the Red Army, it is also based on a five-pointed red star. In general, the appearance of this award is as follows: a five-pointed star, with a convex outer part, in the center of which is a shield. In the center of this shield is a Red Army soldier in a long overcoat and hat, with a rifle in his hands. The inner rim is wide, it contains the inscription: "PROLETARIANS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE", and below the abbreviation of the country: USSR. Between the lower rays of the star is the image of a hammer and sickle. On the obverse of the order there is a device for fastening: a threaded pin and a nut for screwing, there is also an inscription: “GOSZNAK” and a number.

The ribbon of the order is made in dark red tones, with a gray stripe in the middle. Made from moire.

Manufacturing materials

For the manufacture of this order, as a rule, the following materials are used: the base is completely cast from 925 silver - the most silver-containing alloy, on the outside - ruby-red enamel.

Varieties of the Order

Changes in the appearance of the order are extremely minor, they occurred infrequently, in total there are six types of them:

The first type was produced from the year of establishment - 1930 to 1936. In principle, the appearance of this type of order is no different from the above standard, the manufacturing materials are the same, the order was soldered from two parts. However, it is worth noting that on this sample, the Red Army soldier on the shield looks forward, and behind, under the nut, “GOSZNAK” is written.
The second type lasted 1 year, its feature is the absence of a brand, instead of it, the year was indicated below. Also, the soldier indicated on the shield began to look to the right - this edit remained unchanged for all subsequent types.
The third (1937 - 1941) type is practically no different from the second - only the inscription "MONDVOR" was embossed on top with a fastener.
The difference of the next, according to the name of the fifth type, which was awarded throughout 1941, is that the shield with the Red Army soldier was attached to the silver base with three rivets, and not by soldering.
The sixth type of the order (1941 - 1954) is also distinguished by the inscription above the mount, which reads: "MINT". The place of its manufacture was the Moscow Mint and the plant "Platinapribor". It is also worth noting that cupronickel nickel silver was the material for the manufacture of the fastening. Connoisseurs distinguish its variety, in which the rays of the star are slightly rounded, and sometimes seem to be cut off.
The seventh type of the order (1954 - 1991) is the most different: the image of a soldier on the shield is tilted forward, the right leg is slightly turned, and the rays of the star are more rounded.

Reasons for the award

The broadest basis for the award was a similar wording: for great merits in the defense of the USSR, ensuring state security in peaceful and military conditions. The Order of the Red Star was awarded to servicemen in the navy, internal troops, border guards of the USSR Army, both commanding and enlisted personnel. It was allowed to award employees of foreign countries.

In the post-war period, they were posthumously awarded to employees of the military fire service, law enforcement agencies, serving in the army, who died in the line of duty. In this case, it was received by the relatives of the dead. This order was awarded to soldiers who participated in the repayment of localized conflicts, the war in Afghanistan.
The statute of the order, as already mentioned above, has undergone changes, the last one was in 1980.

According to the statute, the order was awarded to:

For courage in combat operations and personal courage, faithful leadership in combat conditions and operational organization, which contributed to the success of the USSR troops;
For causing significant damage to the enemy by military operations of military units;
For outstanding achievements in ensuring the safety and inviolability of the state cordons of the USSR and ensuring the security of the country;
For the manifestation of courage and courage, performing military or official duty under life-threatening conditions;
For exemplary performance of special assignments and other accomplishments in peacetime;
For outstanding achievements in the field of ensuring the highest indicator of combat training of the army, excellent indicators of training of a political and combat type, development of new models military equipment and other achievements in providing the defense force of the USSR;
For excellence in development organization military science and technology, training of employees for the military service of the USSR;
For achievements in organizing the defense power of the USSR.

Also, in the period from 1944 - 1957, this order was awarded for fifteen years of service in the Red Army and the Navy, security agencies state security, internal affairs bodies

General information

Wearing methods

The order was worn on the left side of the chest, until the decree of 1943 was issued, according to which it was placed on the right side. The statute of the order states that, in the presence of other awards, it should be placed after the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.

The cost of the Order of the Red Star (price)

It should be noted right away that, according to the law of the Russian Federation, it is impossible to buy and sell this order, it is possible only in foreign stores and auctions. The cost absolutely depends on the time of manufacture, and, depending on the type, ranges from 250 UAH.

In Ukraine, the sale and purchase of orders and medals is not prohibited.

Established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 20, 1942. Subsequently, some changes were made to the description of the order by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, and the statute of the order - by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 16, 1947.

STATUTE OF THE ORDER

The Order of the Patriotic War is awarded to private and commanding personnel of the Red Army, Navy, troops of the NKVD and partisan detachments, who showed bravery, stamina and courage in the battles for the Soviet Motherland, as well as military personnel who, by their actions, contributed to the success of the military operations of our troops.
The Order of the Patriotic War is awarded by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Order of the Patriotic War consists of two degrees: I and II degrees. The highest degree of the order is the 1st degree. The degree of the order awarded to the recipient is determined by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

who accurately hit and destroyed a particularly important object behind enemy lines;
who courageously performed their duties in the crew of the aircraft during the performance of a combat mission for which the navigator or pilot was awarded the Order of Lenin;
heavy bomber aviation - 4 aircraft;
long-range bomber aviation - 5 aircraft;
short-range bomber aviation - 7 aircraft;
attack aviation- 3 aircraft;
fighter aircraft - 3 aircraft.
heavy bomber aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie;
long-range bomber aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
short-range bomber aviation - 30th successful combat sortie;
assault aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
fighter aircraft - 60th successful combat sortie;
long-range reconnaissance aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
short-range reconnaissance aviation - 30th successful combat sortie;
corrective aviation - 15th successful combat sortie;
communications aviation - the 60th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 30th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy;
transport aviation - the 60th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 15th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy.
who organized a clear and continuous management of aviation units;
who organized the clear and systematic work of the headquarters;
who managed to restore the damaged aircraft, which made an emergency landing on enemy territory, and release it into the air;
who managed to recover at least 10 aircraft at a forward airfield under enemy fire;
who, under enemy fire, managed to take out all the supplies from the airfield and, having mined it, did not allow the enemy to land planes on it;
who personally destroyed 2 heavy or medium, or 3 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy, or as part of a gun crew - 3 heavy or medium, or 5 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy;
who suppressed at least 5 enemy batteries with artillery fire;
who destroyed at least 3 enemy aircraft with artillery fire;
who, being in the crew of a tank, successfully completed 3 combat missions to destroy enemy firepower and manpower or destroyed at least 4 enemy tanks or 4 guns in battles;
who, under enemy fire, evacuated from the battlefield at least 3 tanks knocked out by the enemy;
who, despising the danger, was the first to break into the bunker (bunker, trench or dugout) of the enemy, decisively destroyed his garrison and gave our troops the opportunity to quickly capture this line;
who, under enemy fire, built a bridge, corrected the crossing, destroyed by the enemy; who, under enemy fire, on behalf of the command, personally blew up a bridge or crossing in order to delay the movement of the enemy;
who, under enemy fire, established technical or personal communications, corrected the technical means of communication destroyed by the enemy, and thereby ensured the continuity of command and control of the combat operations of our troops;
who during the battle on a personal initiative threw a gun (battery) into an open position and shot at point-blank range the advancing enemy and his equipment;
who, commanding a unit or subdivision, destroyed an enemy of superior strength;
who, participating in a cavalry raid, cut into the enemy group and destroyed it;
who captured the enemy's artillery battery with a fight;
who, as a result of personal reconnaissance, established the weak points of the enemy's defense and brought our troops to the rear of the enemy;
who, being a member of the crew of a ship, an aircraft or a combat crew of a coastal battery, drowned a warship or two enemy transports;
who organized and successfully landed amphibious assault on enemy territory;
who, under enemy fire, took his damaged ship out of the battle;
who captured and brought to their base an enemy warship;
who successfully carried out the setting of a minefield on the approaches to enemy bases;
who, by repeated trawling, successfully ensured the combat activity of the fleet;
who, by successfully eliminating damage in battle, ensured the restoration of the ship's combat capability or the return of the damaged ship to the base;
who perfectly organized the material and technical support of the operation of our troops, which contributed to the defeat of the enemy.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree are awarded:

who courageously performed their duties in the crew of the aircraft during the performance of a combat mission for which the navigator or pilot was awarded the Order of the Red Banner;
who shot down in an air battle, being part of the crew:
heavy bomber aviation - 3 aircraft;
long-range bomber aviation - 4 aircraft;
short-range bomber aviation - 6 aircraft;
attack aircraft - 2 aircraft;
fighter aircraft - 2 aircraft.
who committed, as part of the crew:
heavy bomber aviation - the 15th successful combat sortie;
long-range bomber aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie;
short-range bomber aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
assault aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie;
fighter aviation - the 50th successful sortie;
long-range reconnaissance aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie;
short-range reconnaissance aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
corrective aviation - 10th successful sortie;
communications aviation - the 50th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 20th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy;
transport aviation - the 50th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 10th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy.
who managed to restore, master and use the captured captured aircraft in combat conditions;
who managed to restore at least 5 aircraft at the forward airfield under enemy fire;
who personally destroyed 1 heavy or medium, or 2 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy with artillery fire, or as part of a gun crew - 2 heavy or medium, or 3 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy;
who destroyed the enemy's fire weapons with artillery or mortar fire, ensuring the successful actions of our troops;
who suppressed at least 3 enemy batteries with artillery or mortar fire;
who destroyed at least 2 enemy aircraft with artillery fire;
who destroyed at least 3 enemy firing points with his tank and thereby contributed to the advancement of our advancing infantry;
who, being in the crew of a tank, successfully completed 3 combat missions to destroy enemy firepower and manpower or destroyed at least 3 enemy tanks or 3 guns in battles;
who, under enemy fire, evacuated 2 tanks knocked out by the enemy from the battlefield;
who destroyed an enemy tank on the battlefield or behind enemy lines with grenades, bottles with a combustible mixture or explosives;
who, leading a unit or subunit surrounded by the enemy, defeated the enemy, withdrew his unit (subunit) from the encirclement without losing weapons and military equipment;
who made their way to enemy firing positions and destroyed at least one gun, three mortars or three machine guns of the enemy;
who removed the guard post (watch, secret) of the enemy at night or captured it;
who from personal weapons shot down one enemy aircraft;
who, fighting against the superior forces of the enemy, did not give up an inch of their positions and inflicted great damage on the enemy;
who organized and maintained in difficult combat conditions continuous communication between the command and the troops fighting, and thereby contributed to the success of the operation of our troops;
who, being a member of the crew of a ship, aircraft or coastal battery combat crew, disabled or damaged a warship or one enemy transport;
who captured and brought enemy transport to their base;
who, by timely detection of the enemy, prevented an attack on the ship, base;
who ensured the successful maneuvering of the ship, as a result of which the enemy ship was sunk or damaged;
who, with skillful and precise work, ensured the successful combat work ship (combat unit);
who organized the uninterrupted logistics of the unit, formation, army and thereby contributed to the success of the unit, formation.

Awarding the Order of the Patriotic War can be repeated for new feats and distinctions.
The Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, is worn by the awarded on the right side of the chest and is located after the Order of Alexander Nevsky.
The Order of the Patriotic War II degree is worn on the right side of the chest and is located after the Order of the Patriotic War I degree.

The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, is an image of a convex five-pointed star covered with ruby-red enamel against the background of golden rays diverging in the form of a five-pointed polished star, the ends of which are placed between the ends of the red star. In the middle of the red star is a golden image of a sickle and a hammer on a ruby-red round plate, bordered by a white enamel belt, with the inscription "Patriotic War" and with a gold star at the bottom of the belt. The red star and white belt have gold rims. Against the background of the rays of a golden star, the ends of a rifle and checkers crossed behind a red star are depicted. The butt of the rifle is turned to the right down, the hilt of the checker is to the left down. The images of the rifle and checkers are oxidized.
The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, unlike the Order of the 1st degree, is made of silver. The lower radiant star is polished. The image of a rifle and checkers is oxidized. The remaining parts of the order, not covered with enamel, are gilded.
The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, is made of gold (583) and silver. The gold content in the order of the first degree is 8.329 ± 0.379 g, the silver content is 16.754 ± 0.977 g. The total weight of the order of the first degree is 32.34 ± 1.65 g.
The badge of the 2nd degree order is made of silver. The gold content in the order of the second degree is 0.325 g, the silver content is 24.85 ± 1.352 g. The total weight of the order of the second degree is 28.05 ± 1.50 g.
The applied sickle and hammer in the center of the order are made of gold at both degrees of the order.
The diameter of the circumscribed circle (the size of the order between the opposite ends of the red and gold or silver stars) is 45 mm. The length of the images of the rifle and checkers is also 45 mm. The diameter of the central circle with the inscription is 22 mm.
On the reverse side, the badge has a threaded pin with a nut for attaching the order to clothing.
Ribbon for the order is silk, moire color of burgundy with longitudinal red stripes:

for I degree - with one strip in the middle of the tape, 5 mm wide;
for II degree - with two strips along the edges, each 3 mm wide.

Tape width - 24 mm.

The Order of the Patriotic War is the first award that appeared during the Great Patriotic War. It is also the first Soviet order, which had a division into degrees. For 35 years, the Order of the Patriotic War remained the only Soviet order that was transferred to the family as a memory after the death of the recipient (the rest of the orders had to be returned to the state). Only in 1977, the order of leaving in the family was extended to other orders and medals.
On April 10, 1942, Stalin instructed the head of the rear of the Red Army, General Khrulev, to develop and submit a draft order for awarding military personnel who distinguished themselves in battles with the Nazis. Initially, the order was planned to be called "For military valor". Artists Sergei Ivanovich Dmitriev (the author of the drawings of the medals "For Courage", "For Military Merit" and the 20th anniversary of the Red Army) and Alexander Ivanovich Kuznetsov were involved in the work on the project of the order. Two days later, the first sketches appeared, from which several works were selected for the manufacture of test specimens in metal. April 18, 1942 samples were submitted for approval. It was decided to take the project of A. I. Kuznetsov as the basis for the future award, and the idea of the inscription "Patriotic War" on the sign was taken from the project of S. I. Dmitriev.
In the statute of the order, for the first time in the history of the Soviet award system, specific feats were listed, for which a distinguished person could be presented for an award.

The feat of the pilot Gastello, who sent a wrecked aircraft into a cluster of enemy armored vehicles, is well known. The commander of the bomber crew of the 207th air regiment of the 42nd bomber air division, Captain N. F. Gastello, was posthumously awarded the title of GSS for this feat. The Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was posthumously awarded to the crew members who, together with their commander, committed the famous fiery ram: Lieutenants Burdenyuk A. A., Skorobogaty G. N. and Senior Sergeant Kalinin A. A.
The Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was awarded to 7 military units and 79 enterprises and institutions, including 3 newspapers: Komsomolskaya Pravda (1945), Molod Ukrainy and the Belarusian Zvyazda (1945). In 1945, the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was awarded to industrial enterprises that made a significant contribution to the defeat of the enemy. The Ural Plant of Heavy Engineering named after A.I. S. Ordzhonikidze, Gorky Automobile Plant, Gorky shipyard"Red Sormovo" them. Zhdanov,
In total, until 1985, more than 344 thousand awards were made with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree (of which 324,903 were awarded during the war years), and about 1 million 28 thousand awards were made with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree (of which 951,652 were awarded during the war years) .
The jubilee version of the order of the 1st degree was awarded about 2 million 54 thousand awards, the 2nd degree - about 5 million 408 thousand awards.
The total number of awards of the Order of the Patriotic War (both combat and commemorative) as of January 1, 1992, was 2,487,098 for the 1st degree and 6,688,497 for the 2nd degree.

There are three main types of the Order of the Patriotic War.

Type 1.

From the moment of its establishment on May 20, 1942 and until the appearance of the Decree of June 19, 1943 "On the approval of samples and descriptions of ribbons for orders and medals of the USSR and the rules for wearing orders, medals, ribbons and insignia" the first type of the Order of the Patriotic War was made.
Actually, the badge of the order had an eyelet in the upper beam of the star, into which a connecting ring was threaded. This ring, in turn, was attached to a rectangular block covered with red cloth. The block had slit-like frames in the upper and lower parts. On the reverse side of the block there was a threaded pin and a round nut for attaching the order to clothing.

Type 2.

A decree of June 19, 1943 established the procedure for wearing orders that had the shape of a star, not on a block, but on pins on the right side of the chest. At the same time, due to a sharp increase in the number of orders of the USSR and the number of awards, the wearing of straps with ribbons was introduced instead of orders on everyday and field uniforms.
The second type of the Order of the Patriotic War did not have a hanging block. On the reverse side of the badge of the order there was a soldered threaded pin and a rounded screw nut for attaching the order to clothing.

Order of the 1st class

The badge of the order itself consists of three parts. The first, main part is a five-pointed enamel star with a round platform in the middle and the inscription "Patriotic War". The first part is made of silver. The second part is the underlying five-pointed radiant (stral) Golden Star with a crossed saber and a rifle on it. The fineness of the gold of the shtral star is 583. The third part is a golden hammer and sickle superimposed on the central round platform of the enamel star. The fourth part can be considered a suspension block with a silver threaded pin and a nut for fastening.
On the reverse, the golden star has a rounded hole with a diameter of 16.5 mm. The outer silver part of the order is visible through the hole. It is in this hole, on a silver star, that two rivets are located (they hold the hammer and sickle). There is no mint mark on the reverse of the badge. The order number is located on the reverse of the gold star (at 7 o'clock on the dial). The number is made with a hand engraver and is located diagonally from top to bottom. On the block there is a round clamping nut with a diameter of 25 mm. The nut is stamped "MINET" in raised letters in two lines.
All Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st Class Type 1, were made at the Krasnokamsk Mint (KMD).
The eye in the upper beam of the star was part of the order and was never fastened by soldering. All signs with soldered ears are fakes.

Option 1. The suspension block is approximately 32 mm wide and approximately 18 mm high. There is no connecting link between the order and the block. A wire is soldered to the suspension block, which passes through the eye of the sign, and then bends towards the reverse. On the reverse, a pin is vertically soldered to the star for additional fastening of the order to clothing (soldered at the point at 12 o'clock on the dial). The minimum known order number is 10, the maximum is 617.

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Type 1, Option 1 (the enamel on the upper arm has been restored)

Option 2. The hanging block is 32 mm long and 21.5 mm high. The block is attached to the sign with a connecting link. The pin for additional fastening is placed similarly to the previous version. The minimum known number is 1945, the maximum is 7369.

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Type 1, Option 2

Option 3. There is no pin for additional fastening. With the exception of the absence of a pin, this option is similar to the previous one. The minimum known number is 5421, the maximum is 23901.

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Type 1, Option 3

Type 2. Pin fastening.
The badge of the order itself consists of three parts (similar to the first type). The fourth part can be considered a round clamping nut with a diameter of 33 mm. There are no markings on the nut. The hole in the golden shtral star has a larger diameter than the first type, and is not solid. The hole is divided into equal segments by three gold bridges connected in the center of the hole, around a threaded pin. The gold and silver stars are attached to each other with a small hex nut located at the base of the pin. Two small rivets on the reverse of the silver star hold the hammer and sickle. The stamp "MINET" is located on a gold star, above the threaded pin (at 12 o'clock on the dial). The stamp is made in horizontally stamped letters. The number of the order is marked on a gold star, below the threaded pin (at 6 o'clock). The number is made by hand with a engraver and is located horizontally.

Option 1. The stamp "MINET" is located in one line. Gold bridges in the central hole of the reverse are located at 2, 6 and 10 o'clock on the dial. The minimum known number is 23972, the maximum is 242059.

The weight of the order 96311 in assembly is 32.2 g. The weight of the gold plate is 14.8 g. The weight of the enamel star is 16.8 g. The weight of the hex nut is 0.5 g.
The width of the order is 50.4 mm. The height of the order is 51.5 mm.

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Type 2, Option 1

Option 2. The stamp "MINET" is located in one line. Gold bridges in the central hole of the reverse are located at 12, 4 and 8 o'clock on the dial. The minimum known number is 137431, the maximum is 238805. The numbers 276471 and 276715 are also marked, which are noticeably out of the general number interval and, probably, are exceptions.

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Type 2, Option 2

Option 3. The stamp "MINET" is located in two lines. Gold bridges in the central hole of the reverse are located at 2, 6 and 10 o'clock. The minimum known number is 242898, the maximum is 327053.

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Type 2, Option 3

Option 4. The stamp "MINET" is located in two lines. Gold bridges in the central hole of the reverse are located at 12, 4 and 8 o'clock. The minimum known order number is 242997, the maximum is 276258.

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class Type 2, Option 4

DUPLICATES AND RE-ISSUES.

If the awarded person loses his order (medal), its replacement, as a rule, is not made. In return for a lost award, a Duplicate may be issued only as an exception - if it is lost in a combat situation, lost as a result of a natural disaster, or in other circumstances when the recipient could not prevent this loss. On the reverse side of the duplicate order (medal), the number of the lost award is reproduced with the addition of the letter "D". This letter can be applied both by stamping and with a chisel. On some duplicates, the letter "D" may be missing. The digits of the duplicate number are usually small and stamped. However, on some early duplicates, the numbers were applied with a engraver. For the manufacture of some duplicates, already numbered, but not awarded, orders were used, while the number was removed and the number of the lost award was applied. In other cases, blanks of orders or medals were used that had not yet received a serial number. The dependence of various marking methods on the year of issuance of a duplicate is not yet fully clarified. Probably, on early duplicates, the letter "D" could be missing.

Over time, Soviet orders and medals have significantly changed their appearance. So, the first type of the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor differs significantly from the subsequent types of these awards. A number of pin orders in the course of their evolution acquired a hanging block (orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor). Other orders, on the contrary, lost the suspension block and began to be fastened with a screw (Order of the Patriotic War, land military orders). Thus, by a certain point in time, a previously issued order might not correspond to the current description and wearing procedure. First of all, this concerned the military personnel. For them, the rules of wearing military uniform and awards were very strictly regulated by the relevant governing documents. Instead of the earlier type of order, a new award was issued, corresponding to the current description. This award is called Reissue. Replacement, as a rule, is made with the preservation of the serial number indicated in the order book. There are two major stages of reissues. The first was in the second half of the 30s and affected the Order of Lenin "Tractor", the Labor Banner "Triangle" and a small version of the Badge of Honor. The second, larger wave of reissues took place after the Great Patriotic War. Then the orders were replaced in accordance with the June decree of 1943. For example, all participants in the Victory Parade were given new type awards without fail.

Reissuance of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class

Duplicate of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, the letter D is missing

Duplicate order of the 1st degree, the letter D is present

Order II degree

Type 1. The badge of the order on the block.

The badge of the order itself consists of three parts. The first, main part is a five-pointed enamel star with a round platform in the middle and the inscription "Patriotic War". The first part is made of silver. The second part is the underlying five-pointed star with a crossed saber and a rifle on it (unlike the order of the first degree, this part is also made of silver). The third part is a golden hammer and sickle superimposed on the central round platform of the enamel star. The fourth part can be considered a suspension block with a pin and a nut for fastening.
On the reverse, the silver star has a rounded hole with a diameter of 16.5 mm. The inside of the enamel star is visible through the hole. It is in this hole, on a silver enamel star, that two rivets are located (they hold the hammer and sickle). There is no mint mark on the reverse of the badge. The number of the order is located on the reverse of the shtral star and is hand-made with a engraver. On the block there is a round clamping nut with a diameter of 25 mm. The nut is stamped "MINET" in raised letters in two lines.
Orders of the Patriotic War II degree were produced by the Krasnokamsk Mint (KMD) and the Moscow Mint (MMD).

KMD, Option 1. Orders of this option were produced at the Krasnokamsk Mint (KMD) for a short time. The suspension block is approx. 32 mm wide and approx. 18 mm high, the threaded pin is made of silver. There is no connecting link between the order and the block. A wire is soldered to the suspension block, which passes through the eye of the sign, and then bends towards the reverse. On the reverse, a pin is vertically soldered to the star for additional fastening of the order to clothing (soldered at the point at 12 o'clock on the dial). The order number is located at 7 o'clock on the dial diagonally from top to bottom. The minimum known order number is 1, the maximum is 2350.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree Type 1, KMD, Option 1

KMD, Option 2. Orders of this variant were produced at KMD. The suspension block is 32 mm long and 21.5 mm high, the threaded pin is made of silver. The block is attached to the sign with a connecting link. The pin for additional fastening is placed similarly to the previous version. The order number is located at 7 o'clock on the dial diagonally from top to bottom. The minimum known order number is 2816, the maximum is 13979.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree Type 1, KMD, Option 2

KMD, Option 3. Orders of this variant were produced at KMD. There is no pin for additional fastening. With the exception of the absence of a pin, this option is similar to the previous one. The minimum known order number is 13268, the maximum is 32653.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree Type 1, KMD, Option 3

MMD, Option 1. Orders of the Patriotic War, II degree Type 1, were issued by the Moscow Mint (MMD) in batches from February 1943. According to V. A. Durov, the first batch of Orders of the Patriotic War, II degree, produced at the MMD, began with the number 3701. The first version is characterized by fastening a shtral star to an enamel star by means of three rivets located at 12, 5 and 7 o'clock on the dial. Orders issued at MMD are characterized by the right-hand location of the serial number (at 3 o'clock on the dial). The minimum known number is 3702, the maximum is 3968.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree Type 1, MMD, Option 1

MMD, Option 2. It differs from the previous version by the absence of rivets on the reverse of the sling star. In the orders of the MMD of the second version, the shtral star was attached to the enamel star by soldering. The serial number is applied with a engraver on the right side of the star (specimens with the number located at 3 o'clock on the dial or at 5 o'clock on the dial are marked). The minimum known number is 3782, the maximum is 7073.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree Type 1, MMD, Option 2

MMD, Option 3. According to V. A. Durov, the third version of the Patriotic War II degree Type 1, produced at MMD, was in the number range 35001-35712. We know orders with numbers 35498, 35500, 35521, 35537, 35539, 35555, 35591, 35606, 35627, 35662 and 35698. The numbers on these orders were applied horizontally on the reverse of the stral star at 6 o'clock on the dial. Among the marked numbers there are both signs with a pin fastening of a star star, and with fastening by soldering. On a number of signs with solder fastening, markings for rivets are visible, which on some of them was removed by stripping the metal.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree Type 1, MMD, Option 3

MMD, Option 4. The fourth version of the hanging orders of the Patriotic War, II degree, produced at the MMD, referred to serial numbers in the region of 60 thousand. The minimum known number of the order is 60002, the maximum is 61401. The serial number on all the indicated signs is applied diagonally from bottom to top at 5 o'clock on the dial. The threaded pin on the suspension block is made of bronze.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree Type 1, MMD, Option 4

The Order of the Red Star was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of April 6, 1930. The statute of the order was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of May 5, 1930.

Subsequently, changes and clarifications were made to issues related to the awarding of the Order of the Red Star by the General Regulations on the Orders of the USSR (Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of May 7, 1936), Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, February 26, 1946, October 15, 1947 and December 16, 1947. The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 28, 1980 approved the Statute of the Order of the Red Star in a new edition.

Statute of the Order.
The Order of the Red Star was established to reward great merits in the defense USSR both in wartime and in peacetime, in ensuring state security.

The Order of the Red Star is awarded to:
- military personnel Soviet army, Navy, border and internal troops, employees - bodies of the USSR State Security Committee, as well as private and commanding officers of internal affairs bodies;
- military units, warships, formations and associations, enterprises, institutions, organizations.

The Order of the Red Star can also be awarded to military personnel of foreign states.

Awarding the Order of the Red Star:
- For personal courage and courage in battles, excellent organization and skillful leadership of military operations, which contributed to the success of our troops;
- For successful fighting military units and formations, as a result of which significant damage was inflicted on the enemy;
- For merits in ensuring state security and inviolability of the state border of the USSR;
- For courage and courage shown in the performance of military or official duty, in conditions involving a risk to life;
—For the exemplary performance of special tasks of the command and other feats accomplished in peacetime;
- For great services in maintaining high combat readiness of the troops, excellent performance in combat and political training, mastering new military equipment and other merits in strengthening the defense power of the USSR;
- For services in the development of military science and technology, training for the Armed Forces of the USSR;
- For merits in strengthening the defense capability of the states of the socialist community.

The awarding of the Order of the Red Star is made on the proposal of the USSR Ministry of Defense, the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the USSR KGB, respectively.

The Order of the Red Star is worn on the right side of the chest and, in the presence of other orders, is located after the Order of the Patriotic War II degree.

The first holder of the Order of the Red Star was the commander of the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army, commander of the 1st rank V.K. Blucher for the liquidation in 1929 of the armed conflict on the CER.
Following V.K. All participants in the flight of Soviet reconnaissance aircraft over the territories of the states of the Near and Middle East, including journalist Mikhail Koltsov, received the Order of the Red Star with Blucher. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the number of awards reached 21,500 (for the war in Spain, with Japan, Finland, including 17 units and institutions of holders of the order). Largest number awards (1935) is associated with the battles near Lake Khasan in 1938.
Together with the Order of the Patriotic War of both degrees, the Order of the Red Star made up the so-called “officer set” - a set of awards available to junior officers - platoon and company commanders.
From the moment the order was approved until the end of the Second World War, 2,881,500 people were awarded it. During the Great Patriotic War, the Order of the Red Star became one of the most common awards: more than 2 million people received 2,860,000 orders. The order was also awarded to 1,740 units, formations and institutions of the Red Army and rear, including 14 Czechoslovak and Polish units.