Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR Orders of the People's Commissar of Defense 1940 0200
Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Order No. 227 "Not a step back" The enemy throws more and more new forces to the front and, regardless of the heavy losses for him, climbs forward, rushes deep into Soviet Union, seizes new areas, devastates and devastates our cities and villages, rapes, robs and kills the Soviet population. The fighting is going on in the Voronezh region, on the Don, in the south at the gates of the North Caucasus. The German invaders are rushing towards Stalingrad, towards the Volga and want to seize the Kuban, the North Caucasus with their oil and grain wealth at any cost. The enemy has already captured Voroshilovgrad, Starobelsk, Rossosh, Kupyansk, Valuiki, Novocherkassk, Rostov-on-Don, half of Voronezh. Part of the troops of the Southern Front, following the alarmists, left Rostov and Novocherkassk without serious resistance and without an order from Moscow, covering their banners with disgrace. The population of our country, which treats the Red Army with love and respect, begins to become disillusioned with it, loses faith in the Red Army, and many of them curse the Red Army for handing our people over to the yoke of German oppressors, while she herself flows away to the east. Some foolish people at the front comfort themselves by talking about the fact that we can continue to retreat to the east, since we have a lot of territory, a lot of land, a lot of population, and that we will always have an abundance of grain. By this they want to justify their shameful behavior at the fronts. But such talk is completely false and deceitful, beneficial only to our enemies. Every commander, every Red Army soldier and political worker must understand that our means are not unlimited. The territory of the Soviet Union is not a desert, but people - workers, peasants, intelligentsia, our fathers and mothers, wives, brothers, children. The territory of the USSR, which the enemy has captured and is striving to capture, is bread and other products for the army and rear, metal and fuel for industry, factories, factories supplying the army with weapons and ammunition, railways. After the loss of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States, Donbass and other regions, we have less territory, therefore, there are much fewer people, bread, metal, plants, factories. We have lost more than 70 million people, more than 80 million poods of grain a year and more than 10 million tons of metal a year. We no longer have superiority over the Germans either in human resources or in grain reserves. To retreat further means to ruin ourselves and at the same time ruin our Motherland. Each new piece of territory left by us will strengthen the enemy in every possible way and weaken our defense, our Motherland in every possible way. Therefore, it is necessary to root out the talk that we have the opportunity to retreat endlessly, that we have a lot of territory, our country is great and rich, there is a lot of population, there will always be an abundance of bread. Such conversations are false and harmful, they weaken us and strengthen the enemy, because if we do not stop retreating, we will be left without bread, without fuel, without metal, without raw materials, without factories and factories, without railways. It follows from this that it is time to end the retreat. No step back! This should be our main call now. We must stubbornly, to the last drop of blood, defend every position, every meter Soviet territory , to cling to every piece of Soviet land and defend it to the last opportunity. Our Motherland is going through hard times. We must stop and then push back and defeat the enemy, no matter what it costs us. The Germans are not as strong as it seems to the alarmists. They are straining their last strength. To withstand their blow now is to secure victory for us. Can we withstand the blow and then push the enemy back to the west? Yes, we can, because our factories and plants in the rear are now working perfectly, and our front is getting more and more aircraft, tanks, artillery, and mortars. What do we lack? There is a lack of order and discipline in companies, regiments, divisions, tank units, air squadrons. This is now our main shortcoming. We must establish the strictest order and iron discipline in our army if we want to save the situation and defend our Motherland. Commanders, commissars, political workers, whose units and formations willfully leave their combat positions, cannot be tolerated any longer. No longer can it be tolerated when commanders, commissars, political workers allow a few alarmists to determine the situation on the battlefield, so that they drag other soldiers into retreat and open the front to the enemy. Alarmists and cowards must be exterminated on the spot. From now on, the iron law of discipline for every commander, Red Army soldier, political worker should be the requirement - not a step back without an order from the high command. The commanders of a company, battalion, regiment, division, the corresponding commissars and political workers, retreating from a combat position without an order from above, are traitors to the Motherland. Such commanders and political workers must be treated as traitors to the Motherland. This is the call of our Motherland. Fulfilling this order means defending our land, saving the Motherland, exterminating and defeating the hated enemy. After their winter retreat under the pressure of the Red Army, when discipline was shaken in the German troops, the Germans took some severe measures to restore discipline, which led to good results. They formed 100 penal companies from fighters who were guilty of violation of discipline due to cowardice or instability, put them in dangerous sectors of the front and ordered them to atone for their sins with blood. They formed, further, about a dozen penal battalions from commanders who were guilty of violating discipline through cowardice or instability, deprived them of orders, placed them on even more dangerous sectors of the front and ordered them to atone for their sins. Finally, they formed special barrier detachments, placed them behind the unstable divisions and ordered them to shoot alarmists on the spot in case of an attempt to leave their positions without permission and in case of an attempt to surrender. As you know, these measures have had their effect, and now German troops fight better than they fought in winter. And so it turns out that the German troops have good discipline, although they do not have the lofty goal of defending their homeland, but there is only one predatory goal - to conquer a foreign country, and our troops, having the goal of protecting their outraged Motherland, do not have such discipline and suffer in view of this defeat. Shouldn't we learn from our enemies in this matter, as our ancestors learned from their enemies in the past and then won a victory over them? I think it should. The Supreme High Command of the Red Army ORDERS: 1. The military councils of the fronts, and above all the commanders of the fronts: a) to unconditionally liquidate retreating moods in the troops and to suppress with an iron fist propaganda that we can and should supposedly retreat further to the east, that such a retreat will not there will be alleged harm; b) to unconditionally remove from their post and send them to Headquarters to bring to court martial the commanders of the armies who allowed the unauthorized withdrawal of troops from their positions, without an order from the front command; c) to form within the front from 1 to 3 (depending on the situation) penal battalions (800 people each), where to send medium and senior commanders and relevant political workers of all branches of the military who are guilty of violating discipline due to cowardice or instability, and put them on more difficult sections of the front, in order to give them the opportunity to atone for their crimes against the Motherland with blood. 2. The military councils of the armies and, above all, the commanders of the armies: a) unconditionally remove from their posts the commanders and commissars of corps and divisions who allowed unauthorized withdrawal of troops from their positions without an order from the army command, and send them to the military council of the front to be brought before a military court; b) form within the army 3-5 well-armed barrage detachments (200 people each), place them in the immediate rear of unstable divisions and oblige them, in case of panic and disorderly withdrawal of parts of the division, to shoot alarmists and cowards on the spot and thereby help honest fighters divisions to fulfill their duty to the Motherland; c) to form within the army from 5 to 10 (depending on the situation) penal companies (from 150 to 200 people each), where to send ordinary soldiers and junior commanders who are guilty of violating discipline due to cowardice or instability, and put them in difficult areas army to give them the opportunity to atone for their crimes against the Motherland with blood. 3. Commanders and commissars of corps and divisions: a) unconditionally remove from their posts the commanders and commissars of regiments and battalions who allowed unauthorized withdrawal of units without the order of the corps or division commander, take away orders and medals from them and send them to the military councils of the front for submission to a military court. b) provide all possible assistance and support to the barrage detachments of the army in strengthening order and discipline in the units. Read the order in all companies, squadrons, batteries, squadrons, teams, headquarters. People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin
The enemy is throwing more and more forces to the front and, regardless of the heavy losses for him, climbs forward, breaks into the depths of the Soviet Union, seizes new areas, devastates and devastates our cities and villages, rapes, robs and kills the Soviet population. The fighting is going on in the Voronezh region, on the Don, in the south at the gates of the North Caucasus. The German invaders are rushing towards Stalingrad, towards the Volga and want to seize the Kuban, the North Caucasus with their oil and grain wealth at any cost. The enemy has already captured Voroshilovgrad, Starobelsk, Rossosh, Kupyansk, Valuiki, Novocherkassk, Rostov-on-Don, half of Voronezh. Part of the troops of the Southern Front, following the alarmists, left Rostov and Novocherkassk without serious resistance and without an order from Moscow, covering their banners with disgrace.
The population of our country, which treats the Red Army with love and respect, begins to become disillusioned with it, loses faith in the Red Army, and many of them curse the Red Army for handing our people over to the yoke of German oppressors, while she herself flows away to the east. …
Every commander, Red Army soldier and political worker must understand that our means are not unlimited. ... The territory of the USSR, which the enemy has captured and is striving to capture, is bread and other products for the army and rear, metal and fuel for industry, factories, factories supplying the army with weapons and ammunition, and railways. After the loss of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states, Donbass... we have lost more than 70 million people, more than 800 million poods of grain per year and more than 10 million tons of metal per year. We no longer have superiority over the Germans either in manpower reserves or in grain supplies. To retreat further means to ruin ourselves and at the same time ruin our Motherland. Each new piece of territory left by us will strengthen the enemy in every possible way and weaken our defense, our Motherland in every possible way.
Therefore, it is necessary to root out the talk that we have the opportunity to retreat endlessly, that we have a lot of territory, our country is great and rich, there is a lot of population, there will always be an abundance of bread. Such conversations are false and harmful, they weaken us and strengthen the enemy, because if we do not stop retreating, we will be left without bread, without fuel, without metal, without raw materials, without factories and plants, without railways.
It follows from this that it is time to end the retreat.
No step back! This should now be our main call.
We must stubbornly, to the last drop of blood, defend every position, every meter of Soviet territory, cling to every piece of Soviet land and defend it to the last opportunity.
Our Motherland is going through hard times. We must stop and then push back and defeat the enemy, no matter what and no matter what it costs us. The Germans are not as strong as it seems to the alarmists. They are straining their last strength. To withstand their blow now, in the next few months, is to ensure our victory.
... It is impossible to endure further commanders, commissars, political workers, units and formations of which arbitrarily leave combat positions. No longer can it be tolerated when commanders, commissars, political workers allow a few alarmists to determine the situation on the battlefield, so that they drag other soldiers into retreat and open the front to the enemy.
Alarmists and cowards must be exterminated on the spot. From now on, the iron law of discipline for every commander, Red Army soldier, political worker should be the requirement - not a step back without an order from the high command.
The commanders of a company, battalion, regiment, division, the corresponding commissars and political workers, retreating from combat positions without an order from above, are traitors to the Motherland. Such commanders and political workers must be treated as traitors to the Motherland. This is the call of our Motherland. …
The Supreme High Command of the Red Army orders:
1. To the military councils of the fronts and, above all, to the commanders of the fronts:
a) unconditionally eliminate the retreating moods among the troops and with an iron fist suppress the propaganda that we can and must supposedly retreat further to the east, that there will be no supposed harm from such a retreat;
b) unconditionally, remove from their posts and send them to the headquarters in order to bring to a military court the commanders of the armies who allowed the unauthorized withdrawal of troops from their positions, without an order from the front command;
c) to form within the front from one to three (depending on the situation) penal battalions (800 people each), where to send medium and senior commanders and relevant political workers of all branches of the military who are guilty of violating discipline due to cowardice or instability, and put them on more difficult sections of the front in order to atone for their crimes against the Motherland with blood.
2. To the military councils of the armies and, above all, to the commanders of the armies:
a) unconditionally remove from their posts the commanders and commissars of corps and divisions who allowed unauthorized withdrawal of troops from their positions without an order from the army command, and send them to the military council of the front to be brought before a military court;
b) form within the army 3-5 well-armed barrage detachments (up to 200 people each), place them in the immediate rear of unstable divisions and oblige them, in case of panic and disorderly withdrawal of parts of the division, to shoot alarmists and cowards on the spot and thereby help honest fighters divisions to fulfill their duty to the Motherland;
c) to form from 5-10 (depending on the situation) penal companies (from 150 to 200 people each), where to send ordinary soldiers and junior commanders who are guilty of violating discipline due to cowardice or instability, and put them in difficult sectors of the army in order to give them the opportunity to atone for their crimes against the Motherland with blood.
3. Commanders and commissars of corps and divisions:
a) unconditionally remove from their posts the commanders and commissars of regiments and battalions who allowed unauthorized withdrawal of units without the order of the corps or division commander, take away orders and medals from them and send them to the military councils of the front for submission to a military court;
b) provide all possible assistance and support to the barrage detachments of the army in strengthening order and discipline in the units.
Read the order in all companies, squadrons, batteries, squadrons, teams, headquarters.
People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin.
Military history magazine. 1988. No. 8. S. 73-75.
26 For the first time, the decision to create Komsomol organizations in the army was made by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on August 28, 1930 (Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, August 28, 1930). Prior to this, Komsomol members in units united in party assistance groups and were part of party cells. The first regulation on the work of the cells of the Komsomol in the Red Army (for peacetime) was approved by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League and the Red Army PU on November 22, 1930. on the basis of the general line of the party. On January 16, 1937, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League approved a new Regulation on the work of the organizations of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League in the Red Army, which required intensification of work to mobilize soldiers to improve combat and political training, to instill in them boundless devotion to the Motherland. The new Regulation on Komsomol organizations in the Red Army was approved by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League on March 13, 1938. It significantly increased the role and responsibility of the Komsomol organizations in the education of members of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, in mastering them military equipment, strengthening military discipline and vigilance, increasing the combat capability of the army. (The mentioned provisions are published in the book: Party and political work in the Red Army. Documents. July 1929 - May 1941 .. M., 1985. S. 125-132, 325-331, 344-352). - Doc. No. 23.
27 Order of the NPO No. 0181 of December 31, 1936 the organization and terms of re-registration and re-certification of the command and commanding staff of the reserve were established in order to clarify the credentials, determine the procedure for further retraining of each certified person, make corrections to the mobilization assignments of spares and their assignment to military units. Recertification was ordered to be carried out in two stages: in the first - command and military-political staff, in the second - military-technical, military-economic, administrative, military-medical and military-veterinary. The re-registration and certification of the commanding and commanding staff of the reserve were to be carried out by commissions at the district military registration and enlistment offices, departments of mobilization districts, headquarters of military districts, fleets and central commissions of NGOs (see also doc. No. 34, and 39). - Doc. No. 24.
The Main Military Council (GVS), as a collegial advisory body under the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, at meetings considered the most fundamental issues of building, armament and combat readiness of the Red Army, recruiting, training and educating personnel, preparing the theater for war, heard the military councils of the districts on the state of affairs in the troops, etc. The meetings of the GVS were held in a planned manner 3-5 times a month; in case of urgent need, extraordinary meetings were held. The developed recommendations were formalized in the form of GVS resolutions and implemented by orders of the People's Commissar of Defense, directives of the General Staff or (at the request of the GVS) - by the Defense Committee under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The Chairman of the GVS was the People's Commissar of Defense (K. E. Voroshilov, later S. K. Timoshenko). The composition of the GVS changed several times, mainly due to repressions. In addition to those indicated in order No. 68, members of the GVS in different time were: A. A. Zhdanov, P. F. Zhigarev, G. K. Zhukov, A. I. Zaporozhets, G. M. Malenkov, K. A. Meretskov, A. D. Loktionov, D. G. Pavlov, I Proskurov, P. V. Rychagov, G. K. Savchenko, Ya. V. Smushkevich, S. K. Timoshenko (see Doc. No. 71), No. 0186 - 1941). Other military leaders were often invited to meetings. At the first meeting of the GVS, held on March 19, 1938, issues of small arms, the staffing of military districts with senior command personnel, the procedure and frequency of holding council meetings were discussed. The last time before the war the GVS met on June 20, 1941; The following issues were considered at the meeting: the staffing of the Air Force schools with a variable composition; on the personnel and work of the Main Directorate of the Air Force; a draft directive of the Main Directorate of Political Propaganda of the Red Army on the immediate tasks of party political work and political activities in the Red Army; order of armament of fortified areas. With the formation of the Headquarters of the High Command on June 23, 1941, the Main Military Council ceased its activities.
In parallel with the GVS, there existed as an advisory body under the People's Commissar of Defense (and under its chairmanship) the Military Council, formed by the Decree of the Central Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of November 22, 1934. Its number varied from 80 to 100 or more people approved by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The military council considered questions of combat and political training of the army, combat experience, etc.; the terms of convocation and the agenda of the meetings of the Council were established by the People's Commissar of Defense. All decisions of the Military Council were carried out by orders of the People's Commissar. By order of the NPO No. 0315 of November 12, 1940. Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of November 6, 1940 on the abolition of the Military Council was announced adopted at the suggestion of the People's Commissar of Defense S. K. Timoshenko. - Doc. No. 26.
29 To manage the combat training of the Red Army, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 446/96 dated March 28, 1924, the Inspectorate of the Red Army was created; The Department of Combat Training was transferred to its composition from the Headquarters of the Red Army. The Directorate, together with the Inspectorate, was included in the Headquarters of the Red Army, the Main Directorate of the Red Army, then, according to the regulation on the central apparatus of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of October 21, 1929 (Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. By decision of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR of January 13, 1931, the Administration becomes an independent body with direct subordination to the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Responsible for: making plans, curricula and methodological guidelines for combat training, the organization of training, drill and combined arms training in military educational institutions, issues of improving tactics and equipment, weapons, and inspection of troops. According to the Regulations on the NPO of the USSR in 1934, the Directorate was included in the Headquarters of the Red Army as a department, which, together with the staff of the Headquarters, became part of the General Staff of the Red Army.
In accordance with NPO order No. 056 dated April 9, 1936, the department was again deployed to the Combat Training Directorate, which was the central body of the NPO and was in charge of developing general plans on combat training and the general direction of special training of troops (special training of military branches was carried out by the corresponding central departments of the NPO and the Inspector of the Red Army), the study of new technical equipment of the Red Army, generalization learning experience troops, information on achievements in the field of combat training of the Red Army and foreign armies.
By order of the NPO No. 156 of July 22, 1940, the Combat Training Department was reorganized. It was entrusted with: combat training of infantry, fortified areas and airborne units, combined arms training, training of combined arms headquarters and rear, infantry reserves and the development of combined arms and infantry charters. The head of the Department was also subordinate to the higher shooting courses (“Shot”). In accordance with the functions and tasks of the Department, eight departments were created (including the statutory one). Lieutenant-General V.N. Kurdyumov was appointed head of the Directorate. By order of the NPO No. 0400 of October 23, 1941, it was included in the Main Directorate and Staffing of the Red Army. - Doc. No. 27.
30 For the development of charters and other regulatory documents of the Red Army by order of the People's Commissariat of War No. 5.60 of July 18, 1918. under the department for the arrangement and training of troops, commissions were formed with the involvement of military specialists in them. By order of the RVSR No. 2194 of October 3, 1921, the Main Statutory Commission was established at the Headquarters of the Red Army, chaired by the head of the Political Directorate of the RVSR S. I. Gusev. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 1625 of June 30, 1922, the Main Statutory Commission was attached to the Revolutionary Military Council and was headed by the Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of Russia L. D. Trotsky, and from February 26, 1925 (Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 517) - by the Chief of Staff of the Red Army S. S. Kamenev . By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 448 of April 24, 1925, the commission was abolished, its functions were transferred to the Office for the Study and Use of War Experience at the Headquarters of the Red Army, and by order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 390 of June 22, 1926, to the scientific and statutory department of the Headquarters of the Red Army. According to the regulation on the central administrations of the People's Commissariat of Defense of October 21, 1929. military statutory work was assigned to the 3rd department of the Combat Training Directorate of the Headquarters of the Red Army, from December 1935 - to the military history department of the General Staff. By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of July 27, 1927 (SZ, 1927, No. 41, Art. 416, announced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 447 of August 23, 1927), the People's Commissariat of Defense was granted the right to issue charters with the submission for approval by the legislative bodies of only the main provisions of the Disciplinary and other statutes affecting the interests of a number of departments and the population.
By order of the NPO No. 019 dated February 20, 1937, a statutory department was formed as part of the Combat Training Directorate of the Red Army to harmonize charters and instructions with combined arms charters, codify all existing charters and other guidelines. NPO Order No. 75 dated March 20, 1938 established the procedure for approving charters and instructions. All combined-arms charters, combat charters of all military branches, curricula, manuals for combat training of troops were subject to approval by the People's Commissar of Defense; deputies approved (according to their affiliation) instructions for combined arms and for the types of troops in the development of the provisions of the charters. By order of the NPO No. 386 of October 31, 1940. the Main Statutory Commission under NCOs was again created. - Doc. No. 27.
31 By order of the People's Commissariat of War No. 4 of December 20, 1917, the All-Russian Collegium for the Administration of the Air Fleet of the Republic was formed. By order of the People's Commissariat of War No. 385 dated May 24, 1918, the Main Directorate of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Air Fleet (Glavvozdukhflot) was created instead of the collegium; subordinated to the All-Glavshtab (on supply issues - TsUS), from March 1920 - directly to the RVSR, operationally to the Commander-in-Chief. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 446/96 dated March 28, 1924, Glavvozdukhflot was renamed into the Directorate of the USSR Air Force (from January 1925 - Directorate of the Red Army Air Force) with the subordination of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR; headed by the head of the Air Force. According to the regulation on the NPO of the USSR of November 22, 1934, it received the name of the Air Force Directorate of the Red Army. He was entrusted with the management of the organization, combat training, and the acquisition of aviation units. The head of the Air Force (since January 1937, as Deputy People's Commissar of Defense for the Air Force) was fully responsible for combat, technical, drill training, combat use air units and formations, the supply of military aviation, for the preparation of the country's territory for the actions of the Red Army Air Force. By order of the NPO No. 0186 of November 19, 1939, the Directorate was divided into two independent directorates - the Main Directorate of the Red Army Air Force and the Main Directorate of Aviation Supply, and by order of the NCO No. 0117 of June 21, 1940. were merged into the Main Directorate of the Red Army Air Force. The Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant-General Ya. V. Smushkevich, was appointed head of the Air Force (see also doc. No. 699 - Doc. No. 27.
32 The beginning of the organization of the air defense system in the Red Army was laid in the years military reform 1924-1925, when anti-aircraft guns and machine guns, new fighter planes, searchlights, barrage balloons, etc. began to enter the troops. According to the regulation on the central apparatus (Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. Directorate of the Headquarters of the Red Army created the 3rd Department (since 1930 - the 6th Directorate) to develop issues of air defense of the country as a whole, the use of the Air Force, anti-aircraft weapons in wartime. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 033 dated May 5, 1932, in order to unify the entire system of the air defense service, the 6th Directorate was deployed to the Air Defense Directorate of the Red Army with direct subordination to the RVS of the USSR. According to the regulation on the NPO of the USSR of November 22, 1934. the head of the air defense of the Red Army was entrusted with: preparing the country's territory in relation to air defense; development of issues of air defense technical equipment together with the relevant departments of NGOs and civil departments; management of research work; conducting special exercises; management of combat training of advanced training courses
military training, air defense schools, VNOS units, local defense, formations of civilian air defense departments, etc. - Doc. N9 27.
33 Krasnoarmeisky comrades' courts in military units were first created in 1918. on the basis of the order of the People's Commissar of War No. 585 of July 23, which put into effect the Regulations on front-line, local and company comrades' courts. The company comrades' court (consisted of three members and two reserve members, elected by direct secret ballot) was vested with the right to apply administrative measures to those guilty of minor disciplinary offenses and other offenses: for failure to comply with the requirements of the Charters of the combat and internal services, for damage to military property (of value not more than 300 rubles), for being late from vacation and unauthorized absences, drunkenness and gambling, insulting company comrades, etc. compulsory works in part, carrying outfits out of turn, etc. The disciplinary charter of the Red Army of 1919. these courts were given the right to consider only acts not related to military service.
In 1938, draft regulations on comradely Red Army and command ships were developed by the PU of the Red Army and considered in July of the same year at meetings of the Main Military Council, and then the Military Council on November 21-29, 1938. according to the report of the head of the PU of the Red Army L. 3. Mehlis. When discussing the draft of a comradely commander's court, a decision was made by a majority of votes to withdraw cases against commanders and commissars of individual units from the jurisdiction of comrades' courts. Regulations on the comradely Red Army courts, comradely courts of junior commanders, on the courts of honor of the command, political and commanding staff of the Red Army were approved by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of January 17, 1939. and declared by NPO order No. 8 of January 17, 1939 (see doc. No. 43). Comrades' courts, introduced in the Red Army in 1939, existed before the start of the Great Patriotic War. The disciplinary charter of the USSR Armed Forces of 1946. it was planned to create only official courts of honor (since 1956 - officer comrades' courts of honor). Since 1973, the USSR Armed Forces have had comrades' courts of honor for ensigns, midshipmen, and long-term servicemen. - Doc. No. 28.
34 In the operative part omitted further, measures were outlined for the elimination of disasters and the maximum reduction of accidents on the basis of improving the quality of combat training: in terms of discipline and organization of flight work - strict observance of flight guidance documents, the creation of friendly ships in flight units and schools; for flight service - revision of all charters and instructions for the performance of flight work, development and publication of a single charter, an NPO order on tasks for the summer period of 1938, the creation of a central emergency commission under the Air Force Administration and at the Air Force Research Institute of a department to study accidents and develop measures to its prevention, revision of training programs for pilots and pilots, etc.; on the material side - increasing the responsibility of the command staff and streamlining the operation of equipment; on organizational and staffing issues - the creation of two flight schools in the Far East and Siberia, the introduction of flight and technical inspections under the Military Council of the Air Force, and the positions of inspectors for piloting techniques in the Air Force Directorate, Air Force districts, GA, aviation formations; on material and domestic issues - improving nutrition, uniforms, increasing the material interest of the flight technical staff, nominating the best representatives of the technical staff to the military educational institutions of the Air Force. - Doc. No. 29.
35 In connection with the aggravation of the situation in the Far East, the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army (see note 22) was deployed to the Red Banner Far Eastern Front by order of the NPO No. No. 0146). The troops of the front were united in two armies - the 1st (former Primorskaya group) and the 2nd and Khabarovsk group of troops. By decision of the Main Military Council of August 31, 1938, by order of the NPO No. 0040 of September 4, 1938, the front was abolished, the troops were reorganized into two separate armies directly subordinate to the NPO: the 1st Separate Red Banner (1st OKA, headquarters - the city of Voroshilov) and the 2nd OKA (headquarters - Khabarovsk). By decision of the Main Military Council of July 5, 1939. to combine the actions of the 1st and 2nd OKA, ZabVO, 57th special corps (formed by order of the NPO No. 0037 of September 4, 1937 on the territory of the MPR with operational subordination of the NPO) during the hostilities on the river. Khalkhin-Gol, the Department of the Front (Chita) Group was formed (NGO order No. 0030 of July 5, 1939). By order of the NPO No. 0036 of July 19, 1939. The 57th Special Corps was reorganized into the 1st Army Group. NPO Order No. 0029 dated June 21, 1940 reorganized
troops Far East and ZabVO: the front group and the 2nd OKA were disbanded, the Far Eastern Front was created again, to which the 1st Red Banner Army was subordinate, the 2nd Red Banner (Annunciation) and 15th (Sungaria) armies, a number of formations, the Pacific Fleet, newly formed by this order and the Amur Red Banner Flotilla; The 16th (Borzinsky) and 17th armies (reorganized from the 1st army group), a number of formations, and a detachment of ships of the Amur flotilla were subordinate to the Military Council of the ZabVO.
August 5, 1945 the front was renamed the 2nd Far East, and in September 1945. reorganized into the Far Eastern Military District.
The troops of the front, the 1st OKA participated in the battles near the lake. Hassan, on the river. Khalkhin Gol, in the Great Patriotic War; troops of the 2nd OKA, 16th, 17th armies - in battles on the river. Khalkhin Gol and in the Great Patriotic War. Front commanders: Marshal of the Soviet Union V.K. Blucher (July - August 1938), commander G.M. - Doc. No. 30.
36 In connection with the growing tension on the Soviet-Manchurian border and in order to increase the combat readiness of the troops, NKO order No. formations of the Red Banner Far Eastern Front and the Trans-Baikal Military District "established the norm for simultaneous dismissal of command personnel outside the front and the district (in the summer - no more than 10%, the rest of the time - no more than 15%), the rights of officials in granting holidays and categories of military personnel were determined, needing a vacation first. - Doc. No. 31.
37 Order No. 0079 of August 8, 1938, of a similar content, was sent by the NPO of the USSR to the Military Councils of the Far Eastern Front, the Pacific Fleet, and the commander of the Amur Red Banner Military Flotilla. It was ordered to immediately bring the Pacific Fleet and the Amur military flotilla to full combat readiness, take measures to cover the maritime borders of the DCFront, relocate air units to field airfields, immediately install weapons and equipment in fortified areas, and provide for support by coastal defense units of border units. - Doc. No. 31.
38 In the dismissal of the commander of the troops of the DKF, Marshal of the Soviet Union V.K. leading role played by subjective rather than objective reasons. The shortcomings in the combat readiness of the DKF troops and their management, which were largely characteristic of the Red Army as a whole, were filed in the order as a result of the “malicious intent” of the front command, which, of course, did not correspond to reality. - Doc. No. 32.
39 In order to properly select, more expediently use, and educate militarily highly qualified personnel, the Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 70 of April 26, 1932 introduced the Regulations on the certification of the commanding staff of the Red Army in peacetime. The order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 225 of July 13, 1928, which was in force until that time (announcing the Regulations on the service of the commanding staff of the Red Army in peacetime), was canceled. Later, certain articles of the Regulations were changed (orders of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 148 of August 8, 1932 - an addition was made to the Regulations on the personal discipline of commanders and political workers, etc., No. 211 of November 14, 1932 - on the payment of permanent maintenance to military personnel , No. 093 of August 8, 1932 - on resolving issues in case of disagreement in the assessment of those being certified). By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 154 of August 13, 1932, the composition of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR (chairman - Deputy Narkomvoenmor Ya. B. Gamarnik, deputy chairman - Deputy People's Commissar M. N. Tukhachevsky) and subcommissions was approved. Order No. 118 of July 9, 1937 announced the new composition of the Higher Attestation Commission and subcommissions (chairman - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense A. I. Egorov, deputy chairman - Chief of the General Staff B. M. Shaposhnikov), at the same time order No. 70 of 1932 was canceled. By order of the NPO No. 0186 of July 16, 1937, certification of the engineering, technical, administrative and counting staff of the building bodies of the Red Army was introduced and the Regulations and Instructions for accounting for this composition were announced.
By order of the NPO No. 014 of January 28, 1938 the Instruction on the re-registration and certification of command and command staff of the reserve was put into effect (see doc. No. 24 and note 27).
In order No. 120 of May 16, 1940. "(See doc. No. 64) The People's Commissar of Defense demanded that the certification be based on "the quality of combat training and the combat readiness of units and units." However, contrary to the requirements of orders No. 0174 of 1938 and No. 120 of 1940, the certification was still carried out with significant shortcomings , which were noted in the NPO order No. 388 of November 1, 1940: certifications in most cases were non-specific and monotonous, without assessing the contribution of those being certified to improving the quality of combat training and combat readiness of subordinate units and units. The same order appointed the Higher Attestation Commission (chairman - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense S. M. Budyonny, members - G. I. Kulik, E. A. Shchadenko, K. A. Meretskov, A. I. Zaporozhets), and also determined the typical composition of the attestation commissions of various levels - regimental, divisional (brigade), corps, army, district, military oh academy, advanced training courses for the commander and military school. - Doc. No. 34.
40 By order of the NCO No. 0135 of July 14, 1938. in civilian universities, higher non-military training was eliminated. Students of the first year of military training who were at training camps in the camps were exempted from further training, they were counted as having completed military training as passing pre-conscription training (with further compulsory military service on a general basis), with students of the second year of study they were ordered to complete camp training; at the end of the training, certification was carried out for the assignment of military ranks to commanders and commanders of the reserve. - Doc. No. 35.
The part of the document omitted further refers to the appointment of commissions (they included representatives of the PU of the Red Army and the NKVD) and the distribution between them of the highest military educational institutions for the approval of selected candidates. The commission, chaired by the People's Commissar of Defense, approved candidates for the Academy: air force, motorization and mechanization, chemical, for the military department of the Moscow Hydrometeorological Institute; another commission (chairman - deputy head of the PU of the Red Army) - to the electrical, transport, engineering academies and the military faculty at the Moscow Institute of Communications Engineers; a commission chaired by the deputy head of the command and command staff - to the economic, medical, academies, to the military department of the Institute of National Economy, to the All-Union Law Academy. - Doc. No. 35.
By order of the NPO No. 031 of March 3, 1938, the period of study in military schools with a three-year period of study was reduced by 6 months; in schools with a two-year term of study, in the Leningrad Military Topographic and Ulyanovsk Military Technical Schools with a three-year term of study - for 2 months.
NPO Order No. 090 dated May 29, 1938 specified the graduation date for cadets of land recruitment schools in 1937 - September 11, 1939.
The procedure for graduation from military educational institutions and the establishment of benefits for graduates with "excellent" and in the first category of lieutenants, military technicians and quartermaster technicians was determined by a special Regulation introduced by order of the NCO No. 33 dated March 16, 1937.
The graduates were assigned the following ranks: 1st rank - to cadets who had at least “good” grades in all subjects of the program and “excellent” in discipline; those who graduated from the I category with an “excellent” mark in the main subjects were considered to have graduated with “excellent”; P category - to all other cadets who successfully passed the established tests. The names of those who graduated with "excellent" were entered on a memorial plaque; upon graduation from the university, a bonus (500 rubles) was paid. With good certification, the next military rank (senior lieutenant and the corresponding one) was assigned to them after 2 years; they were entitled to priority promotion to the next position and admission to the military academy a year later with exemption from exams in some subjects, as well as to wear a special badge for excellent students. Those who graduated from the first category had the right to priority (following the excellent students) promotion to the next position, admission to the military academy after a year of service with the entrance exams, they were also paid a bonus of 300 rubles. This procedure for the release and provision of benefits was canceled by order of the NPO No. 135 dated March 17, 1941, which introduced the Instructions for final exams in land military schools and the Regulations on the procedure for the release of lieutenants from land military schools and the corresponding ones and on benefits for graduates in I and P ranks. - Doc. No. 36.
43 The mentioned orders gave instructions on operational and combat training, an analysis of their implementation, noted the positive and negative aspects of combat training, and revealed the reasons that adversely affected the combat readiness of the Red Army.
NPO Order No. PO of December 14, 1937 issued in development of order No. 0109 of the same date. It specified the tasks for tactical and special training of the troops of the Red Army. In the course of command training, the main attention was to be paid to training in the management of subordinate units (subunits) in the dynamics of battle, in maintaining a stable connection of interaction, and also in studying the armies of a potential enemy and the theater of military operations. The practical training of the command staff of the reserve was prescribed to be carried out in military units. The combat training of the troops as a whole was oriented towards achieving “full interaction of all branches of the armed forces and services” in the course of both offensive and defensive combat operations. Much attention was paid to practicing the massive use of fire by division and corps artillery, mechanized and tank formations to defeat and destroy enemy manpower, fire weapons and military equipment.
NPO Order No. 0111 dated December 14, 1937 noted the improvement in operational-tactical training in the Air Force and the interaction of aviation branches. At the exercises in 1937, more attention began to be paid to practical testing in the field, as well as massive actions at distances that reached the tactical flight radius of aircraft. Along with this, attention was drawn to the poor skills of the flight crew in conducting air combat, the low level of air-gunnery training, bombing from high altitudes and by timing, the lack of practice in combat alert actions, at night and in difficult meteorological conditions, and naval aviation when torpedoing ships , an unacceptably high level of accidents, etc. The main reasons for the shortcomings are: disorganization, lack of discipline, lack of systematic control over flight work, untimely disclosure of errors in piloting techniques and shortcomings in the operation of aviation equipment.
Order No. 0165 dated August 27, 1938, in connection with the upcoming combined arms exercises and maneuvers, determined the organization of combat training, set tasks for tactical training, practicing combat operations of infantry, artillery, tanks and aviation in offensive and defensive battles, operations in night conditions. It was also ordered at training camps, exercises and maneuvers to eliminate previously identified shortcomings in the work of headquarters and the training of troops. Shortcomings were noted: staff commanders did not have the skills in practical work on planning a battle, in the rapid development of combat documents, they did not know how to control the course of hostilities, the position of troops and their combat strength; superficial and weak interaction of all types of troops in combined arms combat; inability to use the terrain for the purpose of camouflage, especially when attacking; poor training of troops for combat operations at night and in poor visibility. However, many of these shortcomings, as can be seen from NPO Order No. 113, were not eliminated. - Doc. No. 38.
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 4, 1918. a collegium was appointed to lead the Main Military Sanitary Directorate (GVSU) of the old army. For the medical and sanitary service of the Red Army by order of the People's Commissariat of War No. 116 of January 29, 1918. The sanitary department of the Red Army was formed, subordinate to the collegium. By a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of July 11, 1918, the GVSU was transferred to the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Health as a department, remaining a military institution. By order of the RVSR No. 311 of November 28, 1918, the dual subordination of the GVSU was confirmed, and the resolution of the Council of Workers 'and Peasants' Defense confirmed. The main tasks of the GVSU: saving lives the largest number the wounded and sick, the restoration of their combat readiness, the prevention of diseases in the troops; with the transition to a peaceful situation - health care and sanitary support of the Red Army, organization of an anti-epidemic service, staffing units and institutions of the Red Army with medical staff, providing them with sanitary equipment. According to the Regulations on the central apparatus of military administration (Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 446/96 dated March 28, 1924), it received the name of the Military Sanitary Administration (VSU). By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of August 7, 1929, the Armed Forces of Ukraine were transferred to the People's Commissariat of Defense. According to the Regulations on the NPO of the USSR of November 22, 1934, it was renamed the Sanitary Directorate of the Red Army (since 1939 - the Red Army, see document No. 69). - Doc. No. 40.
4 By order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 94 of October 14, 1918, the Administration of Affairs of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic was formed. Management in connection with the reorganization of the central office has undergone a number of significant changes. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 916 of September 9, 1925, the Administration of the People's Commissariat of Defense and the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR was created. According to the regulation on the central office of 1929, the Department was entrusted with: concentration and preparation of materials of the central departments
for meetings of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, for setting them up in the government, monitoring the timely implementation of government decisions and the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, drawing up plans for legislative proposals and coordinating them with other departments, developing, on the basis of the instructions of the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, work plans for the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and central departments, etc. connection with the liquidation of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and the renaming of the People's Commissariat for Defense into the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR Administration of Affairs under the Regulations on the NPO of the USSR of November 22, 1934. was renamed the Office of Affairs under the People's Commissar of Defense (see doc. No. 69). At the beginning of the war, the Office of the People's Commissar of Defense and the Administrative and Economic Department were created on its basis. - Doc. No. 40.
46 The Department of Food Supply was formed by order of the NCO No. 0145 of August 14, 1935 in sam s the division of the Military Economic Directorate (established by order of the People's Commissariat of War No. 535 of June 20, 1918) into the Department of Carriage and Clothing Supply and the Department of Food Supply. The latter was entrusted with: providing the Red Army with food, high-quality food, fodder, table and kitchen utensils, organizing storage facilities, managing auxiliary farms of military units. It was subordinated to the People's Commissar of Defense, since October 1939 - to the newly created Office of the Chief of Supply of the Red Army, and in connection with the reorganization of the latter into the Main Quartermaster Directorate (order NPO No. 0157 of July 22, 1940) became part of it. - Doc. No. 40.
47 The Apartment Maintenance Department (KEU) was formed by the Decree of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR dated February 25, 1932. with direct subordination of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. It was entrusted with: planning the construction of new and operation of existing buildings, accounting for the barracks fund, public services for military units, and organization. According to the Regulations on NPOs of the USSR of November 22, 1934, it became part of the Construction and Apartment Administration, the latter by order of the NPO No. 0190 of August 15, 1937. It was divided into the Military Construction and Apartment Operational Administrations. By order No. 0156 of October 1, 3939. The NCO KEU was subordinate to the newly created Directorate of the Chief of Supply of the Red Army, and in connection with the reorganization of the latter into the Main Quartermaster Directorate (NCO order No. 0157 of July 22, 1940) became part of it. - Doc. No. 40.
By order of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs No. 343 of May 8, 1918, a collegium was appointed to lead the Main Veterinary Directorate of the old army; in June 1918 management was transferred to the Central Administration of Army Supply, and from April 5, 1921 - directly to the RVSR (order of the RVSR No. 1132). By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 1464 of July 7, 1923, the department was reduced to a department and transferred to the Central Veterinary Directorate of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 959 of July 18, 1924, it was reorganized into the Military Veterinary Directorate of the Red Army with direct subordination of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. According to the Regulations on NCOs dated November 22, 1934, it received the name of the Veterinary Administration of the Red Army, became the central body for the management of the veterinary service in the Red Army. It was entrusted with: veterinary support for horses and other animals in peacetime and wartime; supply of veterinary equipment to all military branches and institutions of the Red Army; veterinary and sanitary supervision of meat allowances for troops, etc. (see Doc. No. 69). - Doc. No. 40.
49 The first text of the military oath was approved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on April 22, 1918. titled "The Solemn Promise Formula". In March 1922 The All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution on the procedure for taking the military oath of all military personnel of the Red Army and the Red Army and established a single day for its adoption - May 1; the oath was taken collectively in the ranks during the parade. In September 1923, partial changes were made to its text, taking into account the formation in December 1922 of the USSR. The text of the military oath, approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 3, 1939, was brought into line with the Constitution of the USSR of 1936. The established individual procedure for taking the military oath contributed to the increase in the personal responsibility of each serviceman for the defense of the USSR. - Doc. No. 42.
50 Articles 132 and 133 of the 1936 USSR Constitution stated that universal military duty is a law and a sacred duty of every citizen of the USSR. Initially, the Red Army was staffed with volunteers. However, the Civil War and military intervention required new formations and massive replacements for the front. In this regard, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a decree on May 29, 1918, according to which the army was recruited through conscription.
The first all-Union government act on military duty was the Law on Compulsory Military Service, adopted by the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on September 18, 1925. According to the "Law, the defense of the Motherland with arms in hand was entrusted only to workers," non-labor elements "were not allowed to military service and were enrolled in labor militias engaged in construction work on the basis of full self-support and self-sufficiency.Later, in 1928, the Law was partially clarified, and on August 16, 1930, the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in a new edition were approved.Military service consisted of pre-conscription training from 19 to 20 years age, active military service from 21 to 25 years of age, and reserve status from 26 to 40. However, this Law and other acts Soviet government established only mandatory military service, but it was not universal, since some categories of citizens of the USSR were not involved in it.
The first Law of the USSR on universal conscription was adopted on September 1, 1939 at the extraordinary 4th session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. He legally formalized the transfer of the Armed Forces of the USSR to the personnel system of the device, became legal basis strengthening the combat power of the army and navy, increasing their numbers, which was extremely important in the face of the growing military threat. S. M. Budyonny, K. E. Voroshilov, A. Ya. Vyshinsky, A. I. Egorov, A. A. Zhdanov, N. G. Kuznetsov, G. M. Malenkov, K. A. Meretskov, L. Z. Mekhlis, V. M. Molotov, I. V. Stalin, E. A. Shchadenko, and others.
The law of 1939, based on the provisions of the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, abolished all restrictions on military service due to social origin and established universal military duty (Article 3), equal for all male citizens, as a method of manning the Armed Forces of the USSR THE USSR. The preparation of young people for military service was excluded from compulsory military service. It began to be carried out only with young students (vv. 75-77). The draft age was lowered to 18-19 years, and the age limit for state in military service was increased to 50 years. Deferments for conscription were abolished to continue their studies at universities, exemption from military service for religious reasons, etc. The law determined that Soviet citizens were to do military service only in the personnel units of the army and navy. General term active military service for ordinary and junior commanders, depending on the type of the Armed Forces, was established from 2 to 5 years (Article 7). For middle, senior and higher commanders terms of active military service were reduced by 5-10 years (Article 41).
Changes in the procedure for the citizens of the USSR to fulfill their honorable duty to the Motherland led to the reorganization of local military administration bodies (military registration and enlistment offices). Military commissariats were restored in the regions, territories, autonomous republics, and the network of district military commissariats expanded 3.5 times. This made it possible to better organize registration and mobilization work and conduct conscriptions into the ranks of the Armed Forces of the USSR. - Doc. No. 42.
This refers to military personnel who worked at enterprises and institutions in accordance with the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of January 29, 1936 on the secondment of personnel command and command staff by the People's Commissariat of Defense to civilian people's commissariats. - Doc, No. 42.
Later, K.P. Podlas was released. In 1941 he was awarded the military rank of lieutenant general. In 1940, he was appointed to the post of deputy commander of the Kyiv Special Military District. To the Great Patriotic war commanded the 40th and 57th armies. Killed in action May 25, 1942 during the Kharkov offensive operation. - Doc. No. 45.
53 AON (Special Purpose Army) - the aviation army of the Reserve of the High Command (since May 1938 - the Separate Aviation Army of the RGK) was intended to solve operational and strategic objectives set by the High Command, during independent air operations.
The 1st AON was formed on February 1, 1936. NPO order No. 001 dated January 8, 1936; stationed in Monino, Kalinin, Voronezh, from May 1938 - in Monino, Ivanovo. The same order announced the Regulations on the Directorate of the Aviation Army of the RGC. By order of NPO No. 0010 dated February 22, 1937, to perform special tasks in the Far East, another GA was formed from aviation units and formations of OKDVA (until May 21, 1938 - the 2nd GA) with deployment in Khabarovsk. Based on the decision of the Main Military Council of April 10, 1938. by order of the NPO No. 0017 dated May 21, 1938. additionally created the 2nd and 3rd AON. They were deployed in Voronezh, Kursk, Orel and Rostov, Novocherkassk, Zaporozhye.
Until May 1938, the 1st GA consisted of three air corps (876 heavy and high-speed bombers, fighters, long-range scouts). By order of the NPO No. 0017 of May 21, 1938 a four-regiment GA was established with a total fleet of 307 aircraft (each regiment had 61 bombers and 15 fighters for air defense of army bases; 3 aircraft for servicing the Army Directorate).
The commander of the General Aviation Administration enjoyed the rights of the commander of the troops of the district and was directly subordinate to the People's Commissar of Defense (in the Far East - the commander of the OKDVA).
AON was disbanded by order of the Air Force Chief No. 063 dated April 29. 1940, according to the order of the General Staff of the Red Army of January 12, 1940. Their cleanliness and units became part of the formed long-range bomber aviation of the High Command. - Doc. No. 47.
54 NPO order No. 113 of December 11, 1938 on the combat and political training of troops for the 1939 academic year set the following tasks: by the beginning of the summer period of troop training, the headquarters of all levels should be fully prepared for managing modern combat, and special attention should be paid to working out the close interaction of combined arms headquarters with the headquarters of special branches of the armed forces. The training of headquarters was ordered to be carried out at the exits in the field with communications equipment designated by the enemy forces, their units and rears (headquarters of battalions, divisions - twice a month, headquarters of regiments, divisions - once a month, headquarters of corps - once every two months) . At all staff exercises, it was required to work out the issues of organizing combat and command intelligence, surveillance and communications with their troops and neighbors, air defense, anti-aircraft defense and anti-tank weapons of the troops and headquarters, as well as all issues of the work of the rear and its management. - Doc. No. 48.
55 Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 446/96 of March 28, 1924. Simultaneously with the creation of the Headquarters of the Red Army, the Directorate of the Red Army was formed to manage the current activities and life of the army (since January 1925 - the Main Directorate - Main Directorate of the Red Army). During 1926, the leadership of work on military mobilization and combat training was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Main Directorate of the Red Army from the Headquarters of the Red Army, including the Inspectorate of the Red Army, the Office of Military Educational Institutions and the Military Topographic (in subsequent years, these areas of activity were again transferred to the Headquarters of the Red Army). According to the Regulations on the Central Office of the People's Commissariat of Defense of October 21, 1929. (Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 200/40) the following issues were concentrated in the jurisdiction of the Main Directorate of the Red Army: recruiting and accounting for personnel and horses, military mobilization, organization and formation of units and institutions, management of military educational institutions, conscription, pre-conscription, non-military training, movement of command personnel , household services, repair of horse composition.
According to the Regulations on the NPO of the USSR of November 22, 1934, the Main Directorate of the Red Army was transformed into the Administrative and Mobilization Department. "(AMU) of the Red Army is the central body for managing the recruitment of the army with personnel, organizational and staffing issues, military mobilization, organization, and the life service of the Red Army. By order No. 0037 of July 26, 1940, the Main Directorate of the KA was disbanded, and its functions were transferred to the General Staff of the Red Army (see document No. 69) - Document No. 53.
The temporary regulation on the Main Directorate of the Red Army was put into effect by order of the NPO No. 0223 of December 7, 1939. The main activities of the organs of the Main Directorate of the Red Army were: preparation and conduct of the mobilization of the Red Army; staffing the Red Army, Navy, NKVD troops with junior commanding officers and privates during mobilization and in wartime; formation, reorganization and disbandment of various military formations in accordance with organizational measures approved by the People's Commissar of Defense; organization of conscription to the Red Army and transfer to the reserve; planning and organizing the training of the commanding staff, junior commanders and rank and file of the reserve; leadership and control over the provision of troops with weapons and equipment necessary for the deployment of units and formations for mobilization; management of local military administration bodies (military commissariats), as well as initial and pre-conscription training; accounting for losses and trophies at the fronts, etc. - Doc. No. 53.
The temporary regulation on the chief of supply of the Red Army was put into effect by order of the NPO No. 0167 of October 23, 1939. At the head of the Directorate were the chief and military commissar of the supply of the Red Army, reporting directly to the People's Commissar of Defense. The chief of supply was entrusted with the following tasks: directing the provision of troops with all types of military-economic supplies and housing allowances, mobilization deployment of the Red Army;
organizing the supply of troops in peacetime and wartime; control over military-economic supplies and housing in the troops; management of training of technical and economic personnel; inspection of military units and institutions on military-but-master! military supply and housing; management of the activities of the chiefs of supply of military districts (armies, fronts). The chief was the authorized representative of the People's Commissariat of Defense in all the People's Commissariats of the USSR on issues of military economy and supply.
By order of the NPO No. 0157 of July 22, 1940 The Supply Directorate of the Red Army was reorganized into the Main Quartermaster Directorate of the Red Army. It included the Departments: food, clothing and transport supply, apartment maintenance, as well as the Technical Committee, a number of departments and inspections. The management was entrusted with the leadership of the Main Directorate for Trade in the Red Army of the People's Commissariat of Trade of the USSR. Lieutenant-General of the quartermaster service A. V. Khrulev was appointed chief quartermaster. - doc. No. 53.
The temporary regulation on the head of the military-technical supply of the Red Army was put into effect by order of the NPO No. 0166 dated October 23, 1939. The Directorate was headed by the head and military commissar of military-technical supply, reporting directly to the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. The following tasks were assigned to the head of the Directorate: to manage the provision of troops with military equipment, material and technical means and fuel, the development of new models of weapons and equipment; control over the mobilization readiness of factories that produced weapons and technical supplies in accordance with mobilization plans, as well as over the saving, storage and military equipment; management of the activities of the chiefs of military-technical supply of military districts (armies, fronts). The chief was the authorized representative of the People's Commissariat of Defense in other USSR People's Commissariats on issues of military-technical supply (see doc. No. 10, note 9). - Doc. No. 53.
59 The Belorussian (commander of the army commander of the 2nd rank M.P. Kovalev) and the Ukrainian (commander of the army commander of the 1st rank S.K. Timoshenko) fronts were formed in mid-September 1939. from the formations and units of the Belarusian and Kyiv Special Military Districts for the period of the entry of Soviet troops into the territory of Western Belarus and Western Ukraine. By order of the NPO No. 0177 of November 14, 1939, the fronts were again transformed into the Belarusian and Ukrainian Special Military Districts. - Doc. No. 54.
60 Order No. 006 of the NPO dated February 3, 1935 established the procedure for bringing to trial or arrest by the military investigating authorities of persons of the Red Army command staff. The arrest and trial of command personnel from the platoon commander and above at the request of the NKVD and the Military Prosecutor's Office could only be authorized by the People's Commissar of Defense, and in his absence - by the first deputy. Only in cases that do not allow for delay, the arrest warrant at the request of the investigating authorities and the NKVD authorities had the right to issue the commanders of the troops of the districts (armies), fleets with the obligatory report of this to the People's Commissar of Defense. The publication of this order was justified by a significant number of court cases against officers for various, including minor offenses - drunkenness, theft, etc. (in 1934 up to 100 people), in which only for three months in 1934 it was issued up to a third of suspended sentences. - Doc. No. 58.
In addition, NPO order No. 0065 of November 6, 1940 was issued on measures to increase the number and improve the skills of air force and technical personnel of the Air Force: in addition, until March 1, 1941, 10 new pilot schools were formed as part of 33 training squadrons and 7120 cadets of variable composition, 8 military aviation schools of shooters-bombers consisting of 20 squadrons and 7500 cadets of variable composition, 8 aviation schools of mechanics with a variable composition of 7250 people. 33 squadrons of 18 active military aviation schools of pilots and aviation schools were also replenished, their personnel increased by 8805 people. At the same time, 10 existing pilot schools were disbanded to strengthen the base of new ones. In addition, in order to train Air Force navigators, by order of NCO No. 0052 of September 18, 1940. formed (by January 1, 1941) on the basis of 167 and 165 reserve aviation regiments two higher schools navigators of long-range bomber aviation (1st Ryazan and 2nd Ivanovskaya). Number of staff - 500 people, training - one year. The schools were staffed with the best fighter pilots who had graduated from flying schools, had served in Air Force units for at least a year in flight positions and had completed secondary education. For the improvement of navigators, by November 1, 1940, it was planned to create courses for the improvement of navigators at the Military Academy of the command and navigators of the Air Force.
Order NPO No. 0069 of October 28, 1940 ordered, in addition to the number of navigators established by order No. 0052, to train in these schools an additional 500 senior pilots and commanders of long-range bomber aviation for night, blind and long-range flights. It was instructed to report on the progress of the preparation to the People's Commissar every two months. - Doc. No. 59.
62 In accordance with the regulation (not published), the field communications inspector of the NCC was at the headquarters of a non-separate army (army groups), was the deputy chief of communications of the army; was in charge of the use of the nationwide communication network and field mail for its needs. For the operational part, he was subordinate to the chief of communications of the army, and for issues of special service and operational and technical, to the head of the Field Communications Directorate of the Front NKS. - Doc. No. 60.
63 In connection with the tension on the northwestern and northern borders, measures were taken to reorganize and strengthen troops in the surrounding areas. By order of the NPO No. 0129 of August 13, 1939, the Novgorod Army Group was formed as part of the LVO, in September 1939 it was deployed to the 8th Army and transferred to Karelia. By order of the Main Military Council No. 01663 dated February 11, 1940, the army troops operating on the northern coast of Lake Ladoga were separated into an independent 15th army. By order of the People's Commissar of Defense on September 14, 1939. the 7th Army was formed, concentrated in Karelia. By order of the NPO No. 0052 of September 16, 1939, the Murmansk Army Group of Forces was created as part of the LVO, renamed the 14th Army (order of the NPO No. 0190 of November 29, 1939). On the basis of NPO order No. 0190 dated November 29, 1939, the administration of the 9th Army (Kandalaksha - Kem) was organized. Directive of the Main Military Council No. 0691 / op of December 25, 1939. a group of troops of the 7th Army was deployed to the 13th Army. The leadership of the created armies was carried out by the command of the LVO. November 30, 1939 the Soviet-Finnish war began. Leadership of armies by order of the GVS No. 001 of December 9, 1939. transferred to the Headquarters of the High Command. In order to unify the actions of the 7th and 13th armies, NPO directive No. 0977 / op of January 7, 1940. the North-Western Front was formed, its Directorate was deployed on the basis of the Directorate of the LVO. After the end of the Soviet-Finnish war, NKO order No. 0013 dated March 26, 1940. the command and control of the troops was reorganized: the Directorates of the North-Western Front, the 7th, 9th, 13th and 15th armies were disbanded, the Directorate of the LVO was restored, the 8th Army was subordinate to it (since August 1940 it was part of the PribOVO), on the basis of the Directorate 15- the 1st Army created the Arkhangelsk Military District; The 14th Army remained on the Kola Peninsula. - Doc. No. 61.
64 In the early years Soviet power commanders in the army and navy differed in their positions. Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 989 of July 30, 1924. a single rank was introduced - the commander of the Red Army. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 1068 of August 10, 1924, a common rank for all military personnel was established - the red warrior of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, in short - the Red Army. Persons who occupied combat positions up to the flight commander and those corresponding to them were called "ordinary Red Army soldiers"; starting from the position of a flight commander and above, the military personnel belonged to the command staff, which was divided into four categories: junior, middle, senior and higher. The political, administrative, medical and veterinary composition was equated with the main command positions, according to which they performed their official duties. By order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 1244 of October 2, 1924. military personnel began to be subdivided into ordinary and commanding staff, consisting of four groups and 14 categories: junior - 1-2 categories, middle - 3-6 categories, senior - 7-9 categories, higher - 10-14 categories.
By the decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935, announced by the order of the NPO No. 144 of September 26, 1935, personal military ranks were introduced for the personnel of the army and navy (see doc. No. 21). Soldiers who were on leadership work in the Red Army, began to be divided into command and command staff. The commanding staff included the commanders of subunits, units, formations, as well as persons who held positions in the units and institutions of the Red Army, for the performance of whose duties a mandatory command experience and appropriate military training were required. The commanding staff included the military-political, military-technical, military-economic, administrative, military-medical, military-veterinary and military-legal staff. The same decree introduced the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. On November 20, 1935, the first ranks of Marshal of the Soviet Union were awarded to K. E. Voroshilov, M. N. Tukhachevsky, A. I. Egorov, S. M. Budyonny, V. K. Blucher. - Doc. No. 63.
65 Order of the NPO No. 133 of May 25, 1940 it was planned to increase the level of combat training on August 20-30, 1940. in ground artillery units, army tactical shooting competitions. It was planned to test the knowledge of personnel in the specialty, equestrianism, conducting battery exercises, firing from hand weapons, marching on horseback and mechanized traction in the conditions of approaching the enemy’s defensive line and the threat of an attack by his aviation and motorized mechanized units, deploying a unit to engage in battle formation, solving a comprehensive small arms and artillery task.
The main verification method is practical work departments (platoon) in the park (field) in their specialty. The route of the march was to pass through terrain of medium ruggedness and difficulty. Each of the commanders of the competing units performed a complex shooting and artillery task in accordance with the requirements of NKO order No. 120. The determination of the all-army championship for each group of competing units was to be made only between units that received an overall rating of at least “good”. - Doc. No. 64.
66 Verification of the implementation of order No. 0130 of June 20, 1940. revealed serious shortcomings in the mobilization work. In the NPO order No. 0064 of October 30, 1940, issued on this occasion, it was noted that the commander and headquarters of the 127th rifle division did not lead the development of mobplanes in parts of the division, and the commanders and headquarters of the 395th joint venture, 567th ap did not start developing such plans. In the rest of the checked units, including the division's command, only separate draft documents were drawn up. The manual on the mobilization work of military units, departments and institutions of the Red Army was not studied by the command staff of the department, there was no plan for mob work. The registration of private and junior commanding staff was made by military registration and enlistment offices without the participation of military units. - Doc. No. 65.
Until June 20, 1940, the Red Army operated the Manual on mobilization work in military units, departments, institutions and establishments of the Red Army, introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 070 of September 25, 1930. The order limited the documentation of mobilization plans, required operational forms and maximum command initiative in the leadership of the mobilization work. The command of military districts, corps and divisions was given the right to simplify the forms of work determined by the Manual, without prejudice to the completeness of the content of mobilization plans. Instructions for the order are not attached. - Doc. No. 65.
The new leadership of the NPO of the USSR outlined a set of measures to strengthen the combat readiness of the Soviet Armed Forces, which includes Order No. 192.
The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 6, 1940, adopted at the initiative of the NPO, significantly increased the responsibility of military personnel for violations of the military service procedure. Unauthorized absence from the location of the unit more than once up to two hours was recognized as a criminal offense. The concept of desertion was restored, penalties were toughened, up to and including execution. The change in the articles of the Criminal Code regarding desertion was due to cases of evasion from military service during the Soviet-Finnish war. Severe measures were taken against deserters.
By order of the People's Commissars of Defense and Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 003/093 dated January 24, 1940, "to prevent cases of desertion and, in general, to clear the rear of the armies operating on the Soviet-Finnish front from the enemy element" were formed from the operational regiments of the NKVD, which provided communications for the active armies, control squads. They were entrusted with: "the conduct of a round-up in the rear of the active units, checking the documents ... of the unorganized following military personnel and citizens heading to the rear, and the detention of deserters." The formation of control and barrage detachments was assigned to the assistant commanders of the 7th, 8th, 9th, 13th and 14th armies for the protection of the rear. In total, 27 barrage detachments of 100 people each were formed.
Deserters were to be immediately brought to court by a military tribunal with a case review within 24 hours, the verdicts of the tribunals were brought to the attention of the personnel of the units. The chiefs of the border troops of the Leningrad, Karelian and Murmansk districts were obliged to provide all possible assistance to special departments in restoring order in the rear. Measures were taken through the relevant departments of the NKVD to organize a search for deserters.
A serious shortcoming in the interpretation of desertion in the Decree is that it ignores the subjective side of the corpus delicti, i.e., the intent to leave the military unit in order to completely evade military service. In this regard, in the practice of the work of military justice bodies on the implementation
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council the USSR there were numerous cases of “imposition of excessively harsh penalties that did not correspond to the specific circumstances of the case and personal data of convicts. Therefore, the People's Commissar of Defense was forced to give instructions on correcting the mistakes made (TsAMO, f. 2, op. 11569, d. 69, l. 1- 4). - Doc. № 66.
69 NPO Order No. 420 of November 19, 1940 introduced guidelines for accounting for the commanding staff of the Red Army and Navy reserves. Persons with military, political, technical or other special training were subject to registration. Accounting for the command staff of the reserve was divided into numerical and personal and was carried out both by studying the documents characterizing them and by personal acquaintance with people, especially during the training camp. The corresponding accounting procedure was determined by the type of troops, military specialty, place of residence, rank, etc. In addition, personal records were kept in political agencies of leading workers of party committees. Personal responsibility for organizing the work of all the military registration tables of the district, the state of military registration and discipline was borne by the district military commissars. Captains, majors, lieutenant colonels, who, along with the district military registration and enlistment office, were registered with the regional military registration and enlistment office, and colonels, equal to them and higher in rank, were subject to special accounting in the central departments of the NPO of the USSR. Particular attention was paid to the reserve for promotion. The main condition for worthy promotion of reserve command personnel was the presence of a civilian specialty and qualifications valuable for the army. - Doc. No. 67.
70 In accordance with the order of the NPO No. 483 of December 30, 1940, models of edged weapons were adopted for service with the Red Army: for combined arms generals, generals of artillery and combatant commanding staff - a saber, and for generals of tank, engineering, technical troops, generals of aviation, signal troops and quartermaster service - a dagger. - Doc. No. 73.
71 Some political workers did not understand the need to strengthen the unity of command in the Red Army. So, for example, the battalion commissar of the 104th joint venture of the 25th divisional division, P.D. below him in his preparation for leading the unit. By order of the NPO No. 0194 of August 24, 1940, P.D. Markishev, as unable to ensure the implementation of the decision of the party and government to strengthen unity of command, was removed from political work and transferred to economic work with a reduction in rank to quartermaster of the 3rd rank. - Doc. No. 74.
In order to increase the level of military knowledge and acquire instructor and methodological skills by the command and teaching staff of infantry, rifle-machine-gun and rifle-mortar schools, by order of NPO No. 233 of July 26, 1940, a permanent department for improving command personnel military schools for 300 people. - Doc. No. 75.
In accordance with the order of the NCO No. 273 of August 19, 1940. all artillery and rifle-mortar schools from the Directorate of Military Educational Institutions were transferred to the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. - Doc. No. 75.
Order No. 0279 of October 22, 1940 it was deemed necessary to organize from December 1, 1940, four-month temporary courses for the training of aviation commanders and thus achieve a sharp reduction in the accident rate in the Air Force. The course program provided for the flight commanders to master instructor and methodological skills and piloting techniques in any weather conditions day and night, bombing and air combat, studying the material part of the aircraft, and its competent operation. It was envisaged to train all commanders of units of the Red Army Air Force during the course of the year. - Doc. No. 76.
In general, there were many shortcomings in the construction of NPO facilities. Earlier, in order No. 0022 of June 22, 1939, it was indicated that bringing the existing fortified areas to full combat readiness was being delayed due to imperfections, poor storage and maintenance of equipment. The reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the fortified areas were explained by the poor accounting and control of standard equipment by the heads of services, as well as the insufficient management of the fortified areas by the headquarters and the corresponding departments of the districts (armies).
In order No. 0281 dated October 21, 1940. “On the state of capital construction carried out by NGOs”, it was noted that in 1939 the plan for the construction of operational airfields was completed by only 53.6%, gasoline tanks by 59.5%, communications equipment and non-defensive construction facilities constructed by an economic method by 59, 7%. This situation was explained by the poor management of construction by the central departments of NCOs and their district departments. In the order, along with the tasks of eliminating shortcomings, measures were determined to radically improve the organization of capital construction, increase its volume by contracting, inventory of construction in progress, strengthen control over the progress of work, and reduce their cost. - Doc. No. 78.
76 Approval and entry into force on October 12, 1940 of the Disciplinary Regulations of the Red Army was important event in the history of the Soviet Armed Forces due to the significance of the document itself for military development. It differed from the previous one (1925), firstly, in structure and volume (it had 12 chapters and 82 articles instead of 7 chapters and 67 articles), and secondly, it reflected common line new leadership of the People's Commissariat of Defense to strengthen the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of the USSR. A characteristic for that time means of solving this undoubtedly important task was to increase the demands on the personnel of the Red Army, the expansion and tightening of coercive measures. In this regard, new, more severe, disciplinary sanctions were included in the 1940 DU (Article 14) and the types of incentives for personnel were reduced (Article 52); provisions are established that “the commander is not responsible for the consequences if he is forced to use force or weapons to coerce those who disobey the order and to restore discipline and order. The commander, who did not show firmness and decisiveness in these cases and did not take all measures to fulfill the order, is brought to trial by the Military Tribunal ”(Article 7); »The order of the commander and chief is the law for the subordinate. It must be completed unconditionally, accurately and on time. Failure to comply with the order is a crime and is punishable by the court of the Military Tribunal ”(Article 8) and others. Charter 1940. was replaced in 1946. - Doc. No. 79.
77 By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 135 of August 11, 1931, the Regulations on the performance of service in personnel and non-military order by ordinary and junior commanding staff of the Red Army were put into effect. The junior command staff was recruited from among the most literate, politically seasoned Red Army soldiers who received the necessary training in courses and military schools. The entire contingent was subdivided into command, political, administrative, medical and veterinary staff, and according to the terms of service - into conscripts and conscripts. Depending on the position held, the junior command staff was divided into two categories: 1) squad commanders, 2) assistant platoon commanders and their respective ones. Appointment to the post was made by order of the unit commander. Only extra-conscripts were appointed to the positions of foremen and their respective ones.
Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 232 of December 2, 1932 determined the procedure for recruiting and training military pilots and air gunners in flight schools and air gunner courses. Schools (courses) were staffed mainly by super-conscripts junior commanders. The training period for pilots is 1.5 years, for air gunners - 1 year. Those who graduated from the schools of military pilots were awarded the titles of "military pilot of the Red Army Air Force" and "junior commander" (2nd category), shooter courses - "air gunner of the Red Army Air Force" and "junior commander" (2nd category). Upon graduation, they were required to serve in the Red Army Air Force for at least two years. While serving in the units, they were further trained under special programs to obtain the titles of "military pilot and commander of the Red Army" and "military pilot-observer and commander of the Red Army", respectively.
In order to stimulate service, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 62 of April 23, 1934, junior command personnel who had good results in training for six months were given the right to hold tests for middle command positions. A year after the tests, they received all the rights of graduates of military schools. - Doc. No. 85.
Along with the shortcomings in the implementation of order No. 120 of May 16, 1940. (see Doc No. 64) A number of NPO orders also noted achievements in the combat training of formations and units. So, in order No. 323 of September 28, 1940, on the results of the command-staff exercise conducted on September 26-28 (under the leadership of the People's Commissar of Defense S.K. Timoshenko) on the topic “Breakthrough by a rifle corps of a heavily breakthrough of a mechanized connection ”it was noted that the exercise was carried out in a difficult
environment, in difficult terrain; The commanders of divisions and corps, their headquarters, paid special attention to the study and conduct of modern combat, taking into account the need for interaction between the combat arms on the battlefield. The headquarters of the 97th Rifle Division and the 6th Rifle Division showed themselves from the best side. By orders of the NCO No. 320, 321, 322 of September 26, 27, 28, 1940. the successes of other formations and units in the inspection exercises carried out these days were noted: 99th rifle division, 70th division of the LVO, 137th division of the Moscow Military District, 33rd and 28th aviation regiments and other formations and units were awarded with passing Red banners, many commanders were awarded with valuable gifts. - Doc. No. 86.
79 NPO Order No. 0228 of September 19, 1940 established the procedure for training the middle command staff of the reserve from recruits who had a higher or secondary education. They passed active military service in the first companies, squadrons, batteries, in special units - in first platoons. These units were commanded by the most trained commanders. For the first three months, Red Army soldiers with higher and secondary education were trained according to the program of a young soldier, for the next nine months - according to the program of military schools. Those who passed the test were awarded the rank of junior command staff. After a six-month internship in the positions of junior command personnel, they passed exams for the rank of junior lieutenant of the reserve, and then trained in the primary positions of the middle command personnel. Those who passed the test were given two years of service (instead of three). - Doc. No. 89.
80 By order of the NPO No. 184 of July 1, 1940 the Instructions for the medical examination of military contingents, the Manual for determining fitness, temporary or permanent unfitness for military service, and other medical guidelines were announced. They determined the contingent and the procedure for examining citizens called up for active military service, entering military educational institutions and in the reserve. On the basis of a comprehensive medical examination, the draft and medical commissions were supposed to give an individual assessment of the suitability of each subject for military service in one or another branch of the military, taking into account his functional ability and specialty. - Doc. No. 89.
1 Simultaneously with Order No. 0360, Order No. 0361 of the NCO of the USSR dated December 20, 1940 was issued. on the results of the inspection of the operation of communication property in parts of the LVO, KOVO, ZapOVO. In most of the military units inspected, the unsatisfactory condition, storage and repair of communications property was noted. - Doc. No. 90.
In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 25, 1940, announced by NPO order No. 477 of December 26, 1940, amending Art. 7 of the Law on General Military Duty of 1939 established a four-year (instead of three-year) period of active service for private and junior commanding staff of the Air Force of the army and navy. - Doc. No. 91.
The first Regulation on the training of snipers in the rifle units of the Red Army was announced by order of the NPO No. 2 dated January 10, 1937. According to the regulation, the training of sniper shooters and machine gunners snipers was carried out as part of special teams in all rifle regiments. Those who successfully passed the tests by order of the commander of the district (army) troops were awarded the "Sniper" badge. According to NPO order No. 152 dated June 3, 1938, which canceled this Regulation, the training of sniper shooters was organized and conducted according to the Fire Training Course for Sniper Shooters (KOPS-38). The candidates for snipers were fighters who completed all the initial rifle shooting exercises perfectly. The training of sniper shooters was carried out throughout the academic year in companies (squadrons) and at special short-term training camps in non-standard regimental teams (in winter - 20 days, in summer - 40 days). Candidates for snipers who successfully passed the tests at the end of the academic year were awarded the rank of sniper with the right to wear the established badge. - Doc. No. 95.
4 According to NKO order No. 0349 dated December 10, 1940, in order to preserve the material part of heavy and medium tanks (T-35, KV, T-28, T-34) and “maintain them in constant combat readiness with the maximum number motor resources "to train personnel in driving and shooting, knocking together tank units and formations, it was allowed to spend 30 hours a year on each combat training fleet, and 15 hours in combat. All tactical exercises were prescribed
carry out on T-27 tanks; T-27s were excluded from the states of rifle military units and formations and transferred to the acquisition of tank divisions at the rate of 10 tanks per battalion. - Doc. No. 95.
85 This refers to the closing speech of People's Commissar of Defense S. K. Timoshenko at a meeting of senior officers. The meeting was held at the direction of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on December 23-31, 1940 in connection with major shortcomings in combat training, organization of troops, and issues of the development of military art revealed during the Soviet-Finnish war. The meeting discussed the results of the training of troops for 1940, as well as actual problems operational art and tactics, the main directions of the development of Soviet military science and the improvement of the combat capability of the troops. Reports were made by: "The results of the combat training of the Red Army" - Chief of the General Staff K. A. Meretskov, "The nature of the modern offensive operation" - the commander of the Kiev Special Military District G. K. Zhukov, "The nature of the modern defensive operation" - the commander of the Moscow military district I. V. Tyulenev, “Air Force in an offensive operation and in the struggle for air supremacy” - head of the Main Directorate P. V. Rychagov, “Use of mechanized formations in a modern offensive operation and the introduction of a mechanized corggus into a breakthrough” - commander of the Western Special Military District D. G. Pavlov, “Combat of a rifle division on the offensive and on the defensive” - Inspector General of the Infantry A. K. Smirnov. 75 people took part in the discussion of the reports. The focus was on the problems of organizing and conducting defensive and offensive operations by the army and the front, and the massive use of new technical means of armed struggle.
In his concluding speech, S. K. Timoshenko summed up the results of the meeting, summarized and outlined the foundations of modern defensive and offensive operations, the use of mobile units; the speech set out the tasks of combat training of the Red Army as a whole and by branches of service, training of the rear, headquarters, and political propaganda among the troops.
A little later, under the leadership of the People's Commissar of Defense, a big strategic game was held, the analysis of which took place in the Kremlin in the presence of I. V. Stalin and other members of the Politburo. - Doc. No. 96.
According to NPO order No. 9 dated January 13, 1941, candidates for admission to military academy them. MV Frunze selected commanding officers aged no more than 35 years old with at least three years of command experience and who had an education of at least 7th grade complete. It was strictly forbidden to select candidates for the academy from among the commanding staff of technical and administrative services, as well as commanders who had not graduated from military schools or advanced training courses for command personnel. Training sessions the academy was ordered to start on June 17, 1941 - Doc. No. 97.
By order of the NPO No. 262 of December 19, 1938, the Regulations on Admission to the Higher Military Educational Institutions of the Red Army in 1939 were put into effect. It determined the contingent for admission, the conditions and procedure for entering military academies and conducting entrance examinations, the organization of work admissions committees. The total number of candidates admitted to higher military educational institutions for each specialty was determined by the Directorate for Command and Command Staff of the Red Army. In addition to the full-time system of education, it was envisaged that evening and correspondence departments (faculties) of military academies be admitted to command and command personnel of the cadre and reserve of the Red Army, the NKVD troops; junior command staff and reserve rank and file with a completed secondary education - only to engineering faculties. The provision was upheld for the 1940 academic year. - Doc. No. 97.
88 NPO Order No. 240 dated November 5, 1938 created six-month courses for persons who had general education in the amount of not less than incomplete high school(7 classes). Command, commanding, political and rank and file personnel, as well as civilian employees who held regular positions in the Red Army military personnel, were accepted to the courses. The program of education in mathematics (in the volume of secondary school) was designed for 450 hours of study (from November 10 to May 15). Candidates who successfully passed the preliminary examinations were admitted to entrance exams with a 45 day vacation. - Doc. No. 97.
89 Order of the NPO No. 0321 of November 15, 1940. it was prescribed in the 1940/41 academic year to hold in December 1940 - June 1941 short-term training (from 10 to 25 days) of artillery commanders in order to increase the level vocational training. The main objectives of the fees
were: the practical study of the rules of artillery firing, improving the knowledge and skills of the commanding staff in organizing artillery combat operations in cooperation with infantry and tanks (anti-aircraft artillery - with fighter aircraft), as well as in uninterrupted fire control of units and subunits, developing methodological skills in organizing and conducting tactical and artillery-rifle training classes. - Doc. No. 99.
90 Order of the NPO No. 175 of June 22, 1940. some changes were made to the Charter of the Internal Service of the Red Army (UVS-37), concerning the procedure for saluting military honor in the ranks and out of formation (Article 27, Section III) (see Doc. No. 20). All military personnel who were on duty and out of service were required to greet their superiors and seniors. Failing to salute was seen as "false democracy". Commanders and superiors in equal ranks and not subordinates in the service had to greet each other mutually. Such an order of saluting was seen as an important measure to strengthen military discipline and raise the authority of the commanding staff. - Doc. No. 99.
91 The established terms and procedure for the graduation of cadets from military schools were changed by order of the NPO No. 0170 dated May 14, 1941: the graduation of 2nd year cadets was postponed to June 15, 1941 (instead of July 1) and was carried out without exams on academic performance and from immediate dispatch of cadets to their destination. The staffing of military schools with cadets was ordered to be completed not on September 1, but on July 15, 1941 - Doc. No. 103.
92 Previously, the procedure for recruiting universities and schools of the Red Army Air Force in wartime was determined by the Regulations put into effect by order of the NPO No. Registration to them was carried out in peacetime: first of all, people who received training in the Osoaviakhim flying clubs, schools and technical schools of the Civil Air Fleet, and secondly, the junior command staff, who were on long-term leave and the Air Force reserve (mechanics, gunners-minders, gunners-scorers, gunners -radio operators, aircraft mechanics and specialists of other branches of the armed forces), as well as military personnel. The selection was made by a selection committee appointed by the district air force commander. flight schools and pilot schools, which produced lieutenant commanders and junior commanders, respectively, were recruited exclusively from among those who had completed full training on a training aircraft in flying clubs; term of study - 6-10 months. Officers of the cadre and reserves of various branches of the military, students civil universities(training period - 4-6 months), in the departments of navigators at the Air Force schools - pilot-observers (training period - 2-4 months). Schools of technical staff (aircraft engineering, aircraft mechanics, weapons technology, special equipment), divisions of shooters-bombers at the schools of the Red Army Air Force were staffed by junior and private personnel and reserve personnel who had a specialty close to the profile of training specialists of the technical staff of the Air Force; term of study - 4-8 months. Schools produced military technicians of the 2nd rank, junior command and command staff. - Doc. No. 105.
In order to increase the responsibility of the command of military aviation schools (schools) for the training of cadets, graduation commissions - for testing the knowledge of graduates, the command of aviation combat units - for the correct organization of improving the skills of summer staff by order of NPO No. 188 of July 11, 1938. Instructions for conducting verification tests in military aviation schools (schools) were announced. Transfer from course to course and graduation tests were ordered to be carried out by specially appointed commissions, consisting of subcommittees for each subject. Not a single cadet without tests could be transferred to the next course or be considered to have graduated from a college (school). Only cadets who received final exams in flight training, flight theory and knowledge of the material part of the assessment is not lower than “good” and who had satisfactory marks in other subjects. In the event of the arrival of pilots with unsatisfactory training in piloting technique, the commander of the district air force was obliged to report them to the head of the Red Army Air Force in order to immediately investigate such facts and return graduates to schools for further education. - Doc. No. 105.
According to NPO order No. 114 of June 21, 1939, military units could be involved in construction and household work not related to combat training, only with permission
People's Commissar of Defense for a period of not more than one and a half months and without the use of personal property. The military unit, the subdivision concluded a special contract with the organization that carried out the work, which indicated the scope of work, the timing of its implementation and the procedure for acceptance: production rates, prices, tariffs, terms and procedure for payments for work, etc. - Doc. No. 107.
95 3-directorate of the NPO was formed by order of the NPO No. UN of February 13, 1941. It was entrusted with: the fight against counter-revolution, espionage, sabotage, sabotage and anti-Soviet manifestations in the Red Army, identifying and informing the command of formations and units about all shortcomings in the state of units and "compromising materials and information" on military personnel. Corresponding departments were created in districts (fronts), armies, corps, divisions. The post of authorized 3rd department was introduced in the regiments. - Doc. No. 108.
NPO Order No. 238 dated December 21, 1939 put into effect the Instruction on the Procedure for Using the Medallions of the Red Army and the Regulations on the Personal Registration of Red Army Personnel Losses in Wartime. The content of these documents was taken as the basis for the development of the Regulations on the personal accounting of losses and burial of the personnel of the Red Army in wartime. - Doc. No. 109.
In addition to the above measures, in order to provide air defense units with command personnel, NKO order No. 0175 dated May 17, 1941 ordered the following measures to be taken: military school Air Defense (300 students) on the basis of the Air Defense Department of the Military Academy. MV Frunze and with her Advanced training courses for senior officers (30 people); to increase the number of students in the anti-aircraft department of the Artillery Academy from 250 to 400 people, in the anti-aircraft searchlight department of the engineering department of the Military Engineering Academy - from 75 to 150 people; to form in Staraya Russa (by 15.8.1941) an anti-aircraft searchlight school (1000 cadets); to reorganize the Leningrad school of instrumental reconnaissance of anti-aircraft artillery into the Leningrad artillery and technical school of anti-aircraft artillery (1200 cadets); to form in Pushkin (by August 1, 1941) a school of air observation, warning and communications (800 cadets). - Doc. No. 111.
98 NPO Order No. 0121 dated July 8, 1935 divided NPO facilities into three categories depending on the nature and scope of air defense measures: 1) strategic, separately located largest bases and warehouses, as well as the most important military ports and airfields; 2) large warehouses of NPOs for all purposes, naval bases, large airfields and large manufacturing enterprises; 3) other NPO warehouses, barracks, headquarters and institutions, training grounds and institutes, stationary hospitals, collection and delivery mobilization points, etc. The organization of air defense of individual objects was determined by special instructions from the chief of the General Staff of the Red Army and orders of the commanders of districts, armies, fleets. Doc. No. 1.12.
NPO Order No. 0020 dated March 11, 1941 determined measures to improve the quality of combat training of Air Force units and retrain the personnel of units re-equipped with new types of aircraft. Combat training was ordered to be carried out in two stages: 1) preparation of the crew, flight, squadron for combat operations in simple conditions; 2) preparation of the link, squadron and regiment for combat operations in difficult meteorological conditions, link and squadron - at night. The flight time limit for the pilot and crew was set at 160 hours. To reduce the time, the retraining of the flight crew for new types of aircraft was carried out directly at the units: the flight rate for each pilot was set at 8-10 hours. In the first half of 1941, all commanders of regiments and squadrons were to undergo retraining. For a detailed study of the structure of aircraft and engines, flight and technical personnel were seconded to aircraft factories. - Doc. No. 113.
100 Order of the NPO No. 006 of February 1, 1941 G. for accelerated flight testing at night in difficult meteorological conditions using radio navigation aids, 13 regiments of long-range bomber aviation were allocated with a deadline for completing their training by August 1, 1941 - Doc. No. FROM.
By order of NPO No. 0152 of July 19, 1940 all serviceable and defective TB-3 aircraft were transferred to the 1st (SKVO), 3rd (ZapOVO), 7th (LVO) and 14th (KOVO) heavy bomber
air regiments. AT part of the Far Eastern Front and ZabVO to I October 1940 G. ordered to form one heavy bomber regiment. Aircraft repairs were assigned to local workshops and factory teams. - Doc. № 115.
102 The change in the leadership of the People's Commissariat of Defense was caused by major shortcomings in the combat training and combat readiness of the Red Army, which came to the fore particularly sharply during the Soviet-Finnish war. A huge share of the responsibility for these shortcomings fell on the People's Commissar of Defense K. E. Voroshilov. AT due to the lack of fundamental military education, the head of the military department did not clearly imagine the prospects for building the Red Army and developing military science, taking into account the new material and technical base. Shortcomings in the combat training and combat readiness of the troops, which were previously glossed over, were reflected in the published act.
The act, however, characterizes in detail only the shortcomings in all areas of construction and army training and does not note the positive points. Such one-sidedness and a certain tendentiousness of the content of the document is apparently due to the desire I.V. Stalin to shift all the blame for miscalculations in military construction and failures in the war on K. E. Voroshilov.
Nevertheless, the document undoubtedly played a positive role in increasing the combat capability of the Red Army troops. He forced the military-political leadership of the country to more realistically assess the state of affairs in the army, to renounce self-satisfied admiration for the "indestructible and legendary" Red Army and to take up its urgent problems in earnest. As can be seen from the documents published in the collection, after the change of leadership of the People's Commissariat of Defense, important measures were taken to reorganize the governing bodies, expand the scale of defensive construction, increase the level of combat and operational training, strengthen unity of command in the Red Army, improve the professional training of command personnel, etc. Without a critical assessment of the state of affairs in the Red Army in May 1 940 G. it is unlikely that its construction would have gone in the direction necessary to strengthen the country's defense capability. - Appendix 2
Armored troops
1937 - Condition, operation, repair of equipment (48, 103, 077, 0107, 0167); subordination of the tank brigades of the RGK to the commanders of the troops of the districts (0026); accident warning (045).
1938 - Condition and operation of tanks, providing them with spare parts (31, 32, 45, 48, 171, 028); tank weapon system (0016); regrouping of tanks in the tank troops of a number of districts (0024); the procedure for recording and studying accidents with cars, tanks and tractors (187).
1939 - Introduction of railway time sheets. property on the platforms of armored trains (06).
1940 - The formation of separate tank flamethrower battalions and the disbandment of similar brigades (0056); seizure of tanks and armored vehicles from non-armored establishments (0143); transfer of remote-controlled tanks to the GABTU (0266); formation of a commission on remote-controlled tanks (0042); organization of armored repair base and workshops (06, 093); verification of applications for spare parts submitted to GABTU (372); use of captured vehicles (107); operation of tanks, tractors, cars, motorcycles (137, 0283, 0349).
1941 - Collection of sets of ABT equipment for military units and institutions (50); organization of repair bases (036, 0208); results of the competition in combat training of armored forces (0128); training of armored crews (0214).
Motor transport service
1937 - Streamlining the work of the motor depot of the economic department of the Central Administration of the NPO (199).
1938 - Additional distribution of cars in the NPO Central Administration (8); introduction of collections and tables of motor transport and motorcycle property (30).
1939 - Staffing of the Red Army with special vehicles, their operation, repair (020, 078, 0225) and withdrawal (038); disbandment of bus stations (230).
1940 - Procedure for the use of vehicles (0172, 0252, 0262); issuance of spare parts and rubber for military, motor vehicles and tractors (217); optional equipment cars (0335); formation of a motor depot at the Main Directorate of the Air Force (411).
1941 - Establishment of norms: operation of the auto-tractor fleet of defensive construction and self-supporting enterprises of NCOs (0145), annual operation of passenger cars (072, 073); the results of checking the maintenance of the fleet and accounting for spare parts in military units and warehouses of the ZabVO and the Far Eastern Front (084); the procedure for supplying military units with road vehicles (0140); rules for determining the suitability of tires (21); cases of poisoning of car drivers with exhaust gases (074).
Artillery
1937 - Combat (033, 079), physical and mathematical (139) training of command personnel; service life of letnabs in artillery (0149); provision of artillery training grounds (0113, 0019); procedure for creating and receiving shooting tables (037, 062, 0118); subordination of artillery workshops (200); the abolition of the instruction "Service of Aircraft Artillery" (39); subordination of artillery units of the RGK to the commanders of the troops of the districts (0027).
1938 - Prohibition of the transfer of artillery commanders to other branches of the armed forces (2); results of all-army shooting and artillery competitions (02); ensuring the operation of radio direction finders for anti-aircraft artillery (0045); publication of instructions and descriptions for artillery pieces (99); procedure for registration and acceptance by commissions of tables of artillery firing (024, 037, 096); transfer of artillery property to the museum (173).
1939 - Combat training (109); Engineering manual for anti-aircraft artillery (17); Anti-aircraft artillery firing course 1939 (42); study and application of new tables of artillery firing (NO); instructions for holding all-army artillery tactical-shooting competitions (118); storage and maintenance of artillery equipment and ammunition (130, 065, 088, 0132); ensuring security at artillery ranges (068).
* The index includes all NPO orders, including those included in this collection (their numbers are marked in bold) and those used in the comments (marked in italics). In order to facilitate the perception of the text, the content of the orders is presented in the nominative case.
1940 - Combat training, tactical shooting competitions (132, 133, 360, 0337, 0321); explosion, damage, ammunition (0211, 0231); reassignment of detachments of observation balloons to the chief of artillery of the Red Army, district, army (0100); a collection of norms for sets of spare parts and special tools for mortar weapons (232) and in the workshops of artillery ranges (441); organization of the mortar and mine department at the artillery range (030); state of mortar armament, mortar firing (0176, 0237, 0241); training camp for command personnel of mortar units (073); ensuring the use of artillery and mortar ranges (0104).
1941 - Results of checking the deployment of combat field artillery in 1940/41 (059); survey, financing of artillery ranges (91, 105); transfer of individual mortar batteries of the RGK from the Department of Chemical Protection to the subordination of the head of the GAU (ONO), anti-aircraft units and units of the NKVD to the jurisdiction of NGOs (003, 0086); results of checking the technical condition of mechanical traction equipment in artillery units of KOVO, SAVO, LVO, OdVO, PribOVO (0136); annual norms for the issue of ammunition for small arms and artillery shots for training practice (0180).
combat training
1937 - Results of combat training for 1937 and tasks for 1938 (0109, 0111); instructions on tactical and special training of ground forces (76, 110); covert command and control of troops (0043); the state of combat training of units of the LVO (054) and two institutes of the Siberian Military District (45); organization and results of the competition of rifle battalions, regimental schools and artillery divisions (224, 248); the procedure for providing educational instruments and visual aids to military units (42, 112, 233); Regulations on the training of snipers in rifle units (2); a list of guidelines for the combat training of the ground forces, upheld and canceled (0187); change in the orders of the NPO in 1936. on combat training (0137).
1938 - The results of combat training for the winter period of 1938. and tasks for 1939 (113, 083, 0/65); sniper training (152, 217, 245); shooting competitions (163); measures for combat training of KOVO troops (009); cancel Instructions for deep combat (073); the order of assessments of combat training (178).
1939 - Results of inspection reviews of the headquarters and troops of the OdVO, ZakVO, Siberian Military District, ZabVO, PribVO, Far Eastern Front (0306), 137th division (0199); changes and additions to the course of fire training (121); introduction of the Regulations on shooting competitions and their results in 1939. (79, 102, 197, 0174); improving the combat training of headquarters (0104).
1940 - Combat training in the summer of 1940 (120), commanding officers of political agencies (062), in military-political schools and courses for political personnel of the reserve (173), new replenishment (226), military personnel with higher and secondary education (0228 ), commanders of the Far Eastern Front (0304), reserve commanders (0328); the results of the inspection of combat training in the Gorohovets camps (0199), OdVO, ZakVO, Siberian VO, PribVO and the Far Eastern Front (0306), viewing exercises (320, 323, 345, 366, 381, 397); program of all-army district shooting competitions (65); initial (50) and pre-conscription (51) military training; holding training sessions in order to improve the combat training of the commanding and political staff (190, 191, 073, 0151, 0259, 0296, 0321).
1941 - Tasks of combat and political training for 1941 (30); development of guidelines for conducting exercises on maps and in the field, field exercises, maneuvers (184); use of military training films (87, 97); results of the IV All-Army Shooting Bench Competition (185); equipping training fields and camps in rifle units (53); cancellation of orders (0102).
Combat (operational) support
1937 - Measures to encrypt the names of military units, keeping dislocation information secret (0105).
1939 - The work of frontier intelligence agencies (0025, 0041, 0066); rear management (0229).
1940 - The work of the intelligence department of the ZabVO (0021) and the organization of the meteorological service under the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army (0041).
1941 - Measures to improve weather services (035, 0207); intelligence work in the LVO, ZakVO, KOVO, OdVO and the 17th Army (0029, 0036).
fighting
1938 - Events in the Lake Khasan area (0040); measures for combat readiness in connection with the events near Lake Khasan (0071) and in the Posyet region (0079).
veterinary service
1937 - Results of a survey of the content of the horse stock and the organization of the veterinary service (070), including in parts of the SAVO (0136); measures to prevent infectious diseases in horses (265); measurement of horse and service dogs (0151); collection of norms for veterinary supply (51, 036).
1938 - Introduction of collections of norms for veterinary supply (160, 0101); instructions, instructions and measures for the prevention and treatment of infectious and other diseases and poisoning of horses with OM (149, 196, 238); storage of NZ veterinary property (0145), conservation of horse stock (237); veterinary and sanitary monitoring of the supply of meat to military units (162).
1939 - Introduction of guidelines for the prevention and elimination of diseases of the equine (131), veterinary accounting and reporting (133); Regulations on retraining courses for veterinary staff, in veterinary hospitals, veterinary warehouses (0113); Regulations on the repair of horse stock (108); list of defects, diseases for culling horses during mobilization (92).
1940 - Veterinary and sanitary accounting and reporting (19); regulations: on the military veterinary laboratory (056), veterinary infirmary (058, 059), supply of veterinary equipment (358); terms of storage of veterinary property (140).
1941 - Creation of the Scientific Council under the head of the Veterinary Administration (101); mass measurement of animals (150); results of the audit of the Veterinary Serum Laboratory (170).
Penalties
1937-1941 - irresponsible attitude to official duties, shortcomings in work 16, 175, 061, 0169, 0176; 1939 - 124, 080, 0107, 0183, 0027, 0028, 0029, 0044; 1940 - 39, 41, 80, 179, 239, 294, 393, 428, 04.40 05, 020, 055, 086, 090, 0103, 0112, 0187, 0194, 0225, 0233, 0239, 0284, 0285, 0330, 0025; 194) - 72, 107, 165, 167, 173, 202, 217, 075, 082, 0103, 0109, 0149, 0155, 0157, 0159, 0172, 0174, 0184, 0026); violation of the procedure for working with secret documents, loss them(1937 - 246, 069, 0144, 0013, 0017, 0018, 0036; 1938 - 41; 1940 - 0253, 0292; 1941 - 201); violation of financial discipline (1937 - 184, 204; 1938 - 010; 1941 - 069, 0120); abuse of office (1937 - 64; 1940 - 410, 0229, 0232, 0236; 1941 - 177); formal bureaucratic attitude towards subordinates (1938 - 15, 239; 1939 - 0128, 0158; 1940 - 6); disinformation (1938 - 06; 1940 - 021, 0137; 1941 - 0200); drunkenness disorders (1937 - 017, 0188; 1939 - 14, 127, 082, 0108; 1940 - 164, 489, 04, 0118, 0119, 0120, 0121, 0125, 0126, 0133, 0173, 0174, 0193, 0205, 0217, 0218, 0219, 0224, 0258, 0348; 1941 - 04, 018, 087, 088, 0123, 0161); discredit of military rank, political immaturity, slander and other reasons (1937 - 006, 009; 1938 - 225, 0179; 1940 - 166, 0138, 0313, 0326; 1941 - 03, 083, 094, 0181, 0194); removal of penalties (1937 - 13; 1938 - 44, 53; 1940 - restoration in rank - 54); measures to combat drunkenness (1938 - 0219); 1939 - the abolition of a disciplinary sanction - arrest for command, political and commanding staff (41); the procedure for removal from office, arrest and trial of command personnel (211, 001);
Air Force
1937 - State, measures to improve combat training (61, 023, 040, 055, 0102, IT, 0123, 0124, 0175, 0181); regulations on the chief of the Air Force of the Red Army (08), the commander of the air force of the district (fleet); introduction of the post of deputy commander of the district air force in the BVO, LVO, KVO, ZabVO and AON (010, 0100); unification of OKDVA air units into the 2nd aviation army (0010); procedure for moving the flight train: work with it (0011, 047); organization of management of the radio beacon service (018); transfer to the Air Force Administration of the construction of operational airfields and their operation (4, 121, 190); airfield competition results (59); results of inspections of Air Force units (0126); disasters, accidents, breakdowns of aircraft, equipment, violations (197, 031, 064, 066, 071, 0127, 068, 0128, 0157, 0173).
1938 - Air Force combat training tasks for the 1939 academic year (0114); results of high-altitude flights in combat units, their development (166); other issues of combat training (24, 122, 133, 190, 011, 021, 022, 040, 075, 086, 0109, 0166); composition of the aviation council (83); creation of aviation armies in Voronezh and Rostov (00/7); supply of ABT with the property of Air Force units (0183); resolution of the Main Military Council on the development of long-range bomber aircraft DB-3 (0034); use of motor resources (054, 089); construction, equipment, airfield readiness, management of ground services (030, 051, 052, 053, 0126, 0196); the use of letnabs and navigators in flight command positions (0221); work with personnel (048, 074, 0122, 0147, 0143, 0144); accidents, catastrophes (93, 065, 066, 0117, 0159, 0169, 0018); creation of an inspection and commissions to prevent accidents (0132); modification of the flight operations manual (61); Regulations on the procedure for investigation, accounting and study of disasters, accidents, minor breakdowns and forced landings in the Air Force (0133); cancellation of the directive (140).
1939 - State, measures to improve combat training (023, 037); list of bomb-armed aircraft (007); long-range bombing flights (0039); the introduction of the position of chief engineer for operation in the states of the Air Force districts (02); introduction to the combat crew of the aircraft regiment for the commissioner (012); regulation on air gunners of the Air Force (129); formation of a special air brigade (0228); construction of operational airfields (092), tactical and technical requirements for them (0145); supply of engineering and airfield battalions with equipment (024, 033); management of the radio beacon service (064); joint storage of ammunition at air bases (175); accidents and aircraft accidents (039, 070, 096, 0140, 0144, 0153).
1940 - Status and measures to improve combat training (0152, 0168, 0257, 0279); transfer to the barracks position of pilots, navigators, aircraft technicians (0362); operation, repair, accounting of aircraft and other aircraft (442, 463, 464, 0206, 0207, 0303, 0336, 0339); formation of air units (02, 07, 022, 028, 038, 0152, 007); re-registration of Air Force personnel (0124, 0302); change in the states of air units (0243, 0244, 0268, 0319); training of airfield construction specialists (0340); state of airfields (0165, 0215), radio beacon service (0161, 0020); camouflage of airfields and materiel (0367); acceptance of the Air Force Central Communications Center (078); introduction of new names of combat aircraft (0365); change in the procedure for supplying the Air Force with automotive equipment (297); Air Force Aerial Photo Service (253, 0105); accident rate (272, 0188, 0191, 0192, 0197, 0198, 0200, 0240, 0260, 0291, 0312), creation of a permanent commission for emergency rescue (0114/0375/145 s); use of GAF pilots (89); measures to improve the work of flying clubs (37, 412); cancellation of orders (129, 157, 0273).
1941 - Status and measures to improve combat training (040, 006 0020); the results of receiving and transferring cases by the command of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District (0031), the Air Force Research Institute (0032); minimum knowledge
necessary to fulfill the duties of the main positions of the Air Force units (162); transfer of the Air Force headquarters to new states (016); changes in the staff of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District (0192); reducing the need for high-tank gasoline in the Air Force (0040); state of construction (0039), camouflage (0042, 0043) of airfields, runways and aircraft; formation of an experimental air squadron (079) at the test site for aircraft armament; the introduction of a single map to designate an air enemy (0218); accidents, catastrophes, flight accidents (02, 043, 0131, 0138, 0139, 0185, 0189, 0022); organization of prompt delivery of spare parts for aircraft repair (0216); cancellation of the order (137).
Naval Forces
1937 - Tasks for the preparation of naval forces for 1938 (0112); regulation on the chief of naval forces (06, 034); inclusion of newly built ships in the naval forces (001); renaming of the Northern Military Flotilla into the Northern Military Fleet (056); transfer from KBF to Northern Fleet submarines (094); exclusion of ships from naval forces (240); withdrawal of naval aviation from the jurisdiction of the chief of naval forces (0032); renaming ships (007); transfer to the NKVD of the construction of a fleet base in the Luga Bay (0035); introduction of new weapons (0042); unsatisfactory storage of materiel in the air brigade of the KBF (0028); creation of commissions: to consider the causes of the catastrophe in the KBF (0021); to supervise the design of battleships (0147); regulation on emergency rescue service, acquisition of EPRON (016).
1938 - Formation of the People's Commissariat of the Navy (NK VMF) (5, 11, 034, 0015); approval of P. A. Smirnov as People's Commissar of the Navy (6); transfer of maritime intelligence issues to the NK VMF (004).
1939 - Transfer of 10 construction battalions (0138) from the NCO to the jurisdiction of the Naval NK.
1940 - List of naval bases, the heads of the garrisons of which are persons of the command staff of the Navy (0160/0491); transfer of a rifle brigade (0024), units of the Air Force (006) from the NCO to the jurisdiction of the Naval NKR; separate construction battalions and rifle platoons (050, 077, 094, 0223); acceptance from the People's Commissariat of the Navy to the People's Commissariat of Defense of rifle brigades (0307).
Military scientific work
1938 - Regulation on historical formularies (218).
1940 - Creation of: the editorial commission of the textbook "History of Wars and Military Art" (301), the commissions for the publication of the book of memoirs of the participants in the war "Fights in Finland" (367), the writing of the military-historical work "The Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940." (200,).
1941 - Appointment as executive editor of the work "Soviet-Finnish War 1939-1940." Deputy Chief of the General Staff N. F. Vatutin (80); appointment of a commission to describe the Soviet-Finnish war (329), secondment of a group of teachers from the Academy of the General Staff and the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze on the work of the commission (23).
Military commissariats
1938 - Reorganization of local military administration (0104).
1939 - Formation of naval accounting units (061, 0121) under the republican, regional and city military registration and enlistment offices; appointment of a commission to check the personnel of the military registration and enlistment offices of the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Perm regions (0038); call to the Red Army (164).
1940 - Sending the Navy uniforms to military ports by the military registration and enlistment offices (376/650); guide for military registration and enlistment offices (62).
1941 - Shortcomings in the re-registration of command personnel in city and district military registration and enlistment offices (2).
Military commissars
1937 - Regulations on the military commissars of the Red Army (165); the introduction of the positions of military commissars and heads of political departments in the staffs of all formations, military academies, schools, schools and institutes (085, 090, 097), the positions of military commissars in the staffs of departments and departments of NGOs, districts, armies, fleets, military commandant's offices (056, 087 , 089, 093); assignment of the temporary performance of duties of commissars of units and formations to pompolits (073); retraining of commissars, their financial support (242, 0106).
1938 - Introduction of the post of military commissar to the staff of the battalion (division), district food warehouses and other units (131, 211, 093, 0149, 0156, 0220).
Military representatives of NGOs
1937 - Regulations on the duties of the administration of enterprises of the People's Commissariat of Light Industry and military representatives of NPOs in fulfilling orders for items of baggage and clothing supplies (105/6).
1938 - Prohibition for military representatives of NGOs (military representatives) to use the material services of the administration of enterprises (90); Regulations on military representatives of the Air Force (0210).
1939 - Announcement of the decision of the KO under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on the military representatives of NPOs in industry (141); introduction of positions of assistants to military representatives (091); acceptance of aircraft from industry (0147).
1940 - Additional introduction of receivers and assistants to military representatives of ABTU (0101); subordination of the military representatives of the GAU USKA, engaged in the acceptance of tanks and armored vehicles, to the military representatives of the GABTU (0301).
1941 - Illegal use of military representatives in the central offices of NGOs (0143).
Military councils of NGOs, military districts, armies, navies
1937 - Creation of military councils of military districts and the establishment of the institution of military commissars (77); approval of the Regulations on the military council of the district (navy, army) (100, 164, 186); changes in the composition of the Military Council under the People's Commissar of Defense (88, 89, 90, 95, 101, 102, 133, 238, 249, 263); introduction to the staff of the Directorates of the Air Force, Navy (088), GA and Primorsky Group (092) of the positions of members of military councils.
1938 - Announcement of resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on the composition of the Military Council under the People's Commissar of Defense, on changes in the composition of military councils under NGOs, in districts (armies) (26, 056, 0182, 0212, 0213, 0218, 0273); the rights of the military councils of the districts and the Far Eastern Red Banner Front in matters of appointment and movement of command personnel, the creation of groups under them to control the combat training of troops (166, 0137).
1939 - Commissioning of the staff of the secretariat of the military council of the district, army (47); the attitude of the Military Council of the 6th Army towards the former Polish officers and police ranks (0059).
1940 - The abolition of the Military Council under the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR (0315).
Military messages
1937 - Ensuring secrecy in the transport of troops (044); application of tariffs for rail and water military transport (31, 106/180a, 230, 231).
1939 - Formation of the departments of the military transport service (083); unsatisfactory organization of troop transportation (0231).
1940 - Application of tariffs for military transportation (35/11 For); organization and regulation of military transportation (98, 289, 0297), cancellation of NPO order No. 0142 of 1933 (on the militarization of the Xinjiang tracts) (0370); control of the commandant's service while traveling on the railway and waterways messages (198, 282); maintenance at the UVS of the General Staff, commandant of a special purpose train (0185); formation of local rifle troops to escort military cargo (0123); position on the head of the movement of troops in the water basin (355); combating wagon downtime (453); the procedure for the transportation and passage of military cargo, baggage and mail addressed to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (60, 013).
1941 - The procedure for the implementation of military transportation (4, 180); creation of the Scientific and Technical Council under the head of military communications (132); Regulations on the installation of barriers on railways (053), appointment of authorized NKPS at the fronts (0217/275).
Voentorg
1937 - The procedure for providing premises for the institutions of the Voentorg (215).
1938 - Experience in catering for command personnel and members of their families in air units and formations by the Tsentrvoentorg system (025); the procedure for the sale of cars and small-caliber rifles (51, 60, 229).
1939 - Service of the command staff of the Red Army, Navy, workers and employees of military construction sites (077).
1940 - Organizing the collection of food waste (27); illegal sale of motorcycles (478); the procedure for providing retail space to Glavvoentorg (427).
Military duty
1937 - Compulsory Military Service Act (131); another appeal to the Red Army (146).
1938 - Another call to the Red Army (210); creation of a commission to consider a draft law on universal conscription (192); delay in active military service of military medical personnel (59); testing students who have completed non-military training (201).
1940 - Another call to the Red Army (293, 313); increasing the responsibility for accounting for military servicemen and junior commanding staff of the reserve (143, 254); registration with military units and enrollment on a special account of those liable for military service who have deferrals from conscription (0151); the consequences of a sentence to corrective labor if the convict is drafted into the army (460); shortcomings in conscription and registration of persons liable for military service in the military registration and enlistment offices of Chechen-Ingushetia (0299); conducting pre-conscription military training in universities in 1940-1941. (142).
1941 - Results of the 1940 draft (43); regulation on the challenge Red Banner of NPOs for the best preparation and conduct of conscription for active military service (44).
Signal troops, military communications
1937 - The results of checking the state of communications armament in units (084); commissioning of the OKK-2 coded communication apparatus (095).
1938 - Regulations on the communication center of NCOs (0108); the introduction of political controllers in the staff of the Central Radio Station (0155), encryption devices (0014); appointment of a commission to study the system of radio weapons of foreign armies (0037).
1939 - Organization of the communications service in the army (0151); creation of commissions to coordinate the distribution of radio waves (027); distribution of types of radio stations (0176).
1940 - Temporary Regulations on the Field Communications Directorate ICS in the Red Army (052); construction of NPO radio hubs (068); use in wartime of radio stations of civilian people's commissariats (0071); training of signal troops (0360, 0361); the procedure for sending registered letters and parcels from abroad (072); postal, telegraph and telephone expenses (303); Regulations on the military mail service (025).
1941 - Preparation of all military branches for radio work (065); introduction of new
means of communication and radio direction finding (38, 031, 032, 033, 034, 076, 0153); holding an all-army competition of communications units and subunits (153); organization of communications for 13 regiments of DB aviation (0010); repair of radio equipment (099).
civilian staff
1937 - Transfer of workers to the Far East and Transbaikalia (005).
1938 - Working conditions of the civilian staff (9, 145, 266).
1939 - Strengthening labor discipline (20), issuance of work books (152).
1940 - Regulation on the payment of civilian employees (255); wages of those convicted for absenteeism (374); order of work and rest (180, 278); streamlining the content of the civilian staff and its number (382, 490); transition to a seven-day work week; prohibition of unauthorized departure of workers and employees from enterprises and institutions (180, 02/234).
1941 - Model rules for internal labor regulations for workers and employees (120); accounting and reporting on work books (147); overtime work (194).
Armament
1937 - The introduction of the ShKAO (20) machine gun, instruments (0120, 0143, 0170); checking the branding of measures and measuring instruments (214); the procedure for the use of weapons and ammunition by organizations of Osoaviakhim (018, 021, 0161); assigning vultures to weapons (0182).
1938 - Introduction into service with the Air Force of a new sight and fuse (012, 0217); self-propelled mount for 76.2 mm anti-aircraft gun (0177); competitions for self-loading rifle and pistol (134); storage, conservation and accounting of weapons (018, 0121, 0215); assigning a stamp to weapons (08).
1939 - Introduction into service of new aircraft engines (155, 0018), rocket-fragmentation shells (006), aircraft detection equipment (0049), new types of military engineering equipment (058); supply, storage and care of weapons and equipment in military units (128, 198, 030, 065); decommissioning of armored train parts of removable trolleys (0224); replacement of light armored trains with armored wagons (013); collection of standards for spare tools for small arms (69); appointment of commissions to establish the type of special vehicles (078); the procedure for using weapons in the organizations of Osoaviakhim (028, 063/0119)
1940 - The introduction of new aircraft, aircraft instruments, air ammunition (182, 099, 0182, 0343, 005, 0033), a station for direction finding and detection of aircraft in VNOS units (0039), a special grader for engineering troops(234), caseless checkers of neutral smoke (0316) and chemical reconnaissance device PVC (0066), backpack flamethrower ROKS (0067); introduction of a magazine for the inspection of weapons in subdivisions (291); appointment of a commission to investigate the reasons for the slow production of the 122 mm howitzer (281); introduction to the supply of new ski equipment (259).
1941 - Introduction into service of the 76-mm tank gun (0178), artillery fire improvement devices (0108, 0167), collapsible bridges and mountain boats (0101); introduction of the Collection of combat sets of ammunition for small arms, mortars, ground, tank and anti-aircraft artillery materiel, hand grenades and lighting signaling means (0182); data on typical air bombs used by the Air Force (0025); results of checking the state of weapons in the troops (0106, 0107); storage, conservation and accounting of weapons (103, 127, 0195).
Higher military educational institutions
1937-1941 - Acquisition, learning process, examinations ; 1938 - 3, 29, 77, 79, 111, 137, 176, 177, 205, 214, 215, 216, 228, 262, 263, 017, 020, 043, 0153, 0216; 1939 - 12, 32, 37 , 49, 50, 51, 68, 71, 72, 74, 100, 122, 144, 010 - 052; 1940 - 26, 45, 56, 57, 78/179, 113, 210, 243, 244, 332, 350 , 353, 481, 08, 012, 074, 0129; 1941-3, 59, 61, 62, 63, 104, 168, 169, 045, 051, 080, 098, 0163, 0013).
1937 - Training of command staff in civilian universities, at military faculties (132, 174, 217, 050, 059); restoration of the aviation department at the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze (0138); training and improvement of the commanding and commanding staff in courses at the academies (71, 152, 0129, 0168); Assignment provision degrees and titles (191).
1938 - Training of command personnel in civilian universities, at military faculties (124, 198. 223, 0135), correspondence, evening departments (249, 256, 082); creation of new faculties (206, 0172), advanced training courses for command staff (023, 097, 0150, 257) in academies; transfer of students of civilian universities to military academies (0175) and the procedure for assigning them military ranks(212); Appointment of the commission for acceptance of the Saratov Medical Institute (0200); accelerated graduation from the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze (0203); provisions: on the training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel (128, 191), on research work in academies (146); the procedure for appointing the management and scientific-pedagogical staff of military universities (18); results of competition of academies (244), their perilocation (019, 039).
1939 - Formation of new academies (035), faculties, departments, special groups at academies and institutes (31, 48, 52, 70, 80, 84, 87, 94, 126, 137, 173, 195, 198, 206, 03, 014, 026, 040, 047, 0125, 0126, 0169, 0171); creation at the Air Force Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky Special Design Bureau (0110); job titles in academies (11); appointment of a commission to inspect the educational and housing stock of the Academy of Chemical Protection (140); payment for accommodation in hostels (1); student allowances (96).
1940 - Formation of new academies and institute (47, 73, 228, 326), Higher Special School
General Staff (0046, 0062), special groups, branches, faculties, courses at academies (58, 72, 108, 236, 237, 265, 396, 011, 039, 092, 097, 0212, 0263, 0282, 0346, 0052 ); reorganization of the Military Economic Academy into the Quartermaster (0353); resubordination of academies, colleges and schools (0157, 0195); staffing of higher education institutions of the Red Army (0196); creation of a commission for the distribution of personnel and property of academies (197); the results of the audit of the Air Force (012) and Engineering (382) academies; the composition and payment of the teaching staff (286, 392).
1941 - Acquisition, reorganization (9, 62, 026, 080), an extension of the Leningrad and them. N. E. Zhukovsky Air Force Academies (0017); acceptance into the Air Force Leningrad Institute engineers of the Civil Air Fleet and Kharkov technical school (081); methodological meetings of the teaching staff (204); the results of auditing the financial and economic activities of academies (48); salaries of three students of the Academy of the General Staff (025); payment for accommodation in a hostel (205); courses at the Military Medical Academy (5).
Hydrometeorological Service
1939 - Organization of the Far Eastern weather station (019).
1940 - Use of civil hydrometeorological service for defense needs (0068).
Main Military Council of the Red Army under the NPO of the USSR
1938-1940 - Formation of the Main Military Council of the Red Army under the People's Commissariat of Defense (1938-68); changes in the composition of the hot water supply system (1938- 80; 1939 - 106; 1940 - 468, 0164).
1941 - Expulsion from the Main Military Council of Lieutenant General P. V. Rychagov and the introduction of Lieutenant General P. F. Zhigarev (0186).
Office work and archive
1937-1938 - Procedure for the development, use, storage and accounting of documents (1937 - 109, 157, 158, 0183, 0185, 0191, including top secret - 0033; 1938 - 89, 156, 0174, including neck - 36, 0127); 1937 - the procedure for admission to secret work (PLO); position on historical forms of parts and connections (218).
1939 - Implementation of: List of cases and materials with terms of archival storage for the central departments of NGOs (0111), departments and departments of military districts (armies) (0112), manuals on office work (170), secret office work (179, 0150); organization of a decryption service (0034); cancellation of the orders of the Revolutionary Military Council and NCOs that have become invalid (162).
1940 - Order of surrender archival materials to the archives of the system of the Main Archive Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR (61); submitting questions to the Council of People's Commissars and the Economic Council under the Council of People's Commissars (130, 136, 418); conducting secret office work (148, 042/87, 048, 0292, 0040, 0049, 0058, 0059, 0060); list of stamps for published manuals, manuals, descriptions, shooting tables and samples of artillery weapons (036).
1941 - Work with classified documents in NPO central offices and districts (73, 0147, 0198, 0023); change in the procedure for supplying military units with NPO orders (74); permission for the chief quartermaster to issue circulars (78); reduction of correspondence between central offices (0206); prohibition of issuing certificates for the right to travel to the Baltic states (0142).
Cash allowance
1937-1941 - Payment procedure, bonuses for certain categories of military personnel (1937 - 120, 151, 169, 188, 189, 252, 255; 1938 - 19, 65, 153, 197, 208, 220, 251, 015, 027, 0112, 0134, 1939 - 21, 25, 66, 96, 114, 116, 129, 182, 187, 188, 194, 212, 218, 042, 074, 0136, 0172, 0173, 0032, 0043; 1940 - 2, 7, 9, 38, 43, 63, 117, 118, 135, 152, 193, 215, 264, 452, 023, 087, 0216, 0245, 0341, 0345; 1941 - 145, 146, 220, 078, 0141, 0183).
1937 - Norms of monetary holidays and material support for military schools and advanced training courses for veterinary staff (135); expenses for household, educational and political educational needs (92), for travel expenses (205).
1939 - Norms of cash leave for household needs (35).
1940 - Payment of allowances at NPO enterprises in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (437, 438, 439); creation of an award fund and a benefit fund (155).
unity of command
1940 - Strengthening of unity of command in the Red Army and Navy (262).
1941 - Cases of incorrect attitude of commanders towards political workers (0176), among instructors in the MNRA (008).
Railway Troops
1937 - Results of a survey of the 7th and 8th railway regiments (0119).
1939 - Creation of the Special Corps of the railway. troops of the Red Army (09/s-4/ts); reorganization of the scientific and test railway. landfill in the Central railway. Red Army training ground (205).
1940 - Subordination of the Special Corps of the railway. troops to the Military Council of the Far Eastern Front (0293); transfer of supply and support of the railroad. property from the GIVU to the jurisdiction of the UPVOSO of the General Staff (0189); revision and unification of railway types. workshops (053); joint use with the Air Force of the Gorokhovets Central Railway. polygon (0334).
1941 - Attraction of the railway. troops for the construction of new railways (096).
Reserve of the Red Army
1937-1940 - Accounting, retraining and certification of the commanding and rank and file of the reserve (1937 - 012; 1938 - 89, 268, 014, 0167; 1940 - 143, 144, 196, 420, 051, 0325; 1941 - 023).
Breastplates
1937-1939 - Introduction and wearing order anniversary medal"XX years of the Red Army" (1938 - 22, 95), award badges "Sniper of the Red Army" (1937 - 2; 1938 - 138), "For excellent shooting" (1938 - 139), "Excellent worker of the Red Army" (1939 - 203).
1940 - Establishment of the "Marshal Star" insignia (300).
Publishing, printing
1937 - The procedure for publishing posters, tables and others teaching aids(148), purchases of printing houses (261), seizures1 of politically harmful and obsolete literature (147).
1938 - Regulations on the publication and payment of literary and drawing works (241, 0115); creation of an engraving shop at the Central Printing House (185); organizing the publication of newspapers in connections (63, 231, 0111, 0184, 0186, 0187, 0188); renaming of newspapers LVO, SAVO, ZakVO (27); the introduction of permanent correspondents for the military districts to the staff of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper (18).
1939 - Expansion of the staff of the NKO publishing house (0175); creation of printing houses and editorial offices of newspapers on (0020, 0021, 0033, 0061); increase in the circulation of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper (0042); establishing the circulation of district and army newspapers (0064); cessation of publication of newspapers in Latvian, Estonian and organization of publication of newspapers in SAVO in English and Indian and OVO in Romanian (0062); organizing the publication of new newspapers in units and parts (062, 0179, 0048, 0050, 0051, 0054, 0055, 0056, 0057, 0058); termination of the publication of the newspaper (0168); the procedure for issuing Red Army newspapers (076); recruitment and secondment of writers to newspapers (0180); organization of the publication (85) and the editorial board of the Military History Journal (28, 97); approval of the composition of the editorial board of the journal "Party-political work in the Red Army" (132); expansion of the circulation of the artillery magazine (0019).
1940 - Appointment of commissions, councils for drawing up a plan for publishing the "Library of the Commander", "Library of the Junior Commander", "Library of the Red Army" (162, 222, 249), preparing for the publication of a collection of legal provisions (62), to consider thematic plans for the publication of military literature ( 248), publishing houses (90), development of draft textbooks on primary and pre-conscription military training (88); expansion of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper (0042); organizing the publication of newspapers in districts, unions and parts (209, 213, 238, 051, 0158, 0171, 0179, 0222, 0269, 0270, 0271, 0278, 0287, 0288, 0064); magazine "Military Economy of the Red Army" (202) and others (276, 277); creation of editorial offices and printing houses of newspapers in foreign languages in peacetime and wartime (0010), including in the Military Publishing House (0027); disbandment of the newspaper in Finnish (0012), in the 7th, 9th and 13th armies (0014, 0016), a number of other newspapers (0032).
1941 - The procedure for publishing literature and paying for literary work (11, 181); accounting for translations of foreign literature (149); list of journals published by NGOs (12), members of editorial boards of journals (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 211); change in the state of newspapers (160), acceptance and delivery of cases of the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda (189); organizing the publication of newspapers of the airborne brigades (020); non-partisan line of some county and army newspapers (0028); replacement of the editors of the magazines "Technology and Armament" and "Military Bulletin" (175).
Invention and rationalization
1938 - Regulations on inventive and rationalization work (147).
1939 - Award for inventive and rationalization work to improve military equipment (113).
1940 - Introduction to the staff of the State Agrarian University and U SKA of a department for the consideration of inventive and rationalization proposals (327, 0309); bonuses for inventive and rationalization work (116, 328, 380, 384, 434, 445, 467).
1941 - Procedure for financing the costs of invention and rationalization (131).
Engineering Troops
1938-1940 - Operation and repair of engineering weapons (1938-013); introduction of engineering manual (1939-172); organization of the department of land mines at the NIIIT of the Red Army (1940 - 034); regulations on the working battalion (1940 - 283).
1941 - Streamlining the manufacture of mining equipment and the training of miners (0213).
Test equipment and weapons
1937 - Testing of models of equipment and weapons: Air Force (048, 0104, 0122, 0171, 0031, 0038), armored forces (0108, 0153), communications (03, 04, 0134, 0139, 0180, 0184), camouflage (083 ), OV (0023), artillery (0030), naval forces (0132, 0034, 0039, 0040), other equipment (02, 030, 075, 0115, 0116, 0133, 0150, 0158, 0166, 0172, 0173, 0239 , 0025); appointment of a commission for testing (173).
1938 - Testing of models of equipment and weapons: Air Force (070, 085, 0131, 0173), artillery (087, 0029, 0048), communications (050, 088, 0103, 0032, 0041), camouflage (055, 080, 0161, 0163), other means (28/43, 67/102, 182, 227, 079, 084, 0028); appointment of commissions for tests (28, 04, 05, 09, 062, 063, 064, 0170, 0178, 0192, 0204, 0205, 0206, 0207, 0021, 0022, 0023, 0025, 0033, 0036, 0039, 0042 ); boiler inspections (34).
1939 - Testing artillery weapons (072), communications equipment (0010, 0015,
0016, 0040, 0045), ammunition (031, 0137, 0018), engines and motors (0232, 0233, 0237), other equipment, weapons and equipment (025, 055, UN, 0013, 0014, 0063); special trains (0152); appointment of commissions for tests (011, 022, 053, 059, 067, 079, 081, 0182, 008, 0012, 0031).
1940 - Testing samples of aviation (0106), artillery (0322, 0045), armored (0109, 0017, 0044) weapons, communications equipment, balloons, ammunition (223, 071, 088, 0134, 0170, 0035 / 00882 / 98s) , motors, instruments, fortifications (0026, 0048, 0051, 0054, 0057, 0070); appointment of commissions for tests (01, 011/129, 019/57s/50s, 024, 031, 065, 081, 082, 085/146s, 091, 0108, 0113, 0131, 0136, 0139, 0140, 0159, 0167, 0320 , 0332, 0333, 009/67, OOP, 0019, 0022, 0023, 0030, 0031, 0034, 0072/423, 0073); work of the Boiler Supervision Inspectorate (340); procedure for testing prototypes of weapons and equipment (010, 014).
1941 - Testing: samples of artillery, mortar and mine (011, 044, 047, 0118, 007), armored (039 / 53s, 001 / 9ss, 002, 004) weapons, bombs (209), instruments and sights (66, 093/63c), ski equipment, vehicles, motorcycles, armored snowmobiles (67, 68/95, 121/51, 0165, 009, 0016); testing of steam boilers and fittings (200); appointment of commissions for testing - (119/27, 010, 019, 30 s/021, 052, 0114, 0164/26s, 0168/187, 0021/187); streamlining the measuring economy (0145).
Cavalry
1937 - Results of inspection of military stud farms (039); Regulations on the field administration of the cavalry army (003); condition of reserve cavalry regiments (0102); combat training 24 cd (178, 0155). -
1938 - Downsizing, program for the production of military stud farms (4, 62); training of cavalry commanders (107).
1939 - Announcement of the "Red Army Horse" fund (161); gross violations of military discipline in the 25th cavalry division (0135); arbitrariness of the command of the 17th cavalry regiment (095).
1940 - Results of checking the activities of military stud farms (5, 256); reducing the load on the cavalry horse (69); holding equestrian sports competitions (117); cavalry command staff training (0290); formation of the 4th Cavalry Corps in SAVO (0366); accounting and reporting on horse composition (11, 450); partial replacement of cavalry in rifle divisions located in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (095).
1941 - Conducting 6 all-army equestrian sports competitions (65).
1937 - Preparation of deputies by the commanding and political staff (074); prohibition of travel and recruitment of volunteers to Spain (27).
1938 - Renaming of the positions of assistant district commanders (0124); staffing with the highest command personnel of military districts (008); delay in the Red Army personnel and assigned staff (0038); transfer of the commanding and commanding staff of some units to the NKVD troops (0046, 0047); staff changes in the General Staff and headquarters of military districts (0120), in the Air Force (074), in a number of units, formations and associations (165, 091, 0123, 0136); disbandment of the army inspection (005); appointment i. about. commander of GA (0144); use of completed military service (268).
1939 - Appointment of P. A. Alekseev as chief of the Air Force (105), commissions to investigate the circumstances of the formation of 82 sd (0037); leaving in the personnel of the Red Army the military personnel of the former Military Construction Directorate and its bodies (26); accounting for personnel losses in wartime, the procedure for using medallions (238).
1940 - Staffing with super-conscripts for the positions of assistant commanders of platoons of rifle, cavalry, artillery and motorized rifle regiments (0201); change of states in districts, armies, army groups (91, 96, 061, 0147, 0148, 0162, 0220, 0358); a list of standard positions for private and junior commanding officers of naval aviation, ground, border and internal troops (144); exclusion from the staff of junior commanders and rank and file serving anti-tank guns (0265); accounting and reporting procedures: for ordinary and commanding personnel (2, 11), for those liable for military service (143, 196), for medical and sanitary, veterinary personnel (18, 19, 0221), for emergencies (020); appointment of a commission for the selection of people to the People's Commissariat of State Control (344), cancellation of the order (0356).
1941 - Regulations on the personal accounting of losses and burial of the personnel of the Red Army in wartime (138); enrollment in the personnel of the command staff of the reserve called for mobilization (023); the introduction of new positions and the exclusion of positions from the staff, the transfer of instructors of the army of the MPR to the Military Council of the ZabVO (038, 055, 0105); checking the accounting of personal files of the commanding staff in the air defense units of the ZakVO (0115); measures: to train the commanders and specialists of the tank troops, to strengthen the air defense commanders, to staff the anti-aircraft artillery commanders (0127); layoff of a newspaper editor (067); the procedure for submitting reports on emergency incidents with command personnel (56).
Apartment maintenance service
1937 - Regulations on apartment maintenance bodies and inspection of the Construction and Apartment Administration (22, 93); work of construction and apartment departments of districts (013, 027); operation of housing stock, provision of housing and furniture for servicemen (37, 68, 232, 239, 026); liquidation of the housing-construction cooperative "Military Builder" (143).
1938 - Providing servicemen with housing (40, 50, 179, 233); operation of the apartment fund (36, 37, 103, 106, 013); formation of KEU of the garrison of Moscow (044); use of the KEU experimental station for construction purposes (077); regulation on the technical committee of KEU (161).
1939 - Operation of the barracks and apartment fund, (159).
1940 - Provision of housing for commanding officers (82, 134/263, 159, 0203); operation of electric lifts (123); condition of the CCKA hotel (189); repair and construction offices at the KECh garrisons (36); capital works by household method (37); inventory of barracks inventory (425)..
1941 - Housing and welfare for servicemen (39, 47, 60, 100, 195, 196); transfer of the hostel and temporary structures in KOVO, ZapVO, and LVO from the Chief Engineering to the Main Quartermaster Directorate (0154); illegal export of furniture (0111).
Cultural and educational work
1937 - The procedure for the production of filming in the Red Army (124); closing of museums in houses of culture and clubs (75).
1938 - Order of use and competition of military bands (84, 98); the introduction of the Red Banner Red Army Song and Dance Ensemble into an independent unit (71); transfer of the exhibition "XX Years of the Red Army and the Navy" in the Central House of Arts (199).
1939 - Organization of the Houses of the Red Army and garrison clubs (221, 222, 223, 224); creation of a film distribution base in the 57th special building (0026); the procedure for filming in military units (53); Regulations on the Artillery Historical Museum (77); determination of the composition of the council for the design of the Central Theater of the Red Army (117); creation of song and dance ensembles, change of states (4, 90, 171, 200).
1940 - States of the song and dance ensembles OdVO and PribOVO (86, 364); the creation of the Houses of the Red Army and garrison clubs (168, 229, 247, 285, 307, 365, 409), a military film group (378); production of educational aviation films (316).
1941 - General education training of personnel (136); formation of new garrison clubs and houses of culture of the Red Army (0130); the procedure for supplying newspapers and magazines to personnel (69).
1937 - Creation of advanced training courses for commanding and commanding staff in districts, corps, divisions (012), for the training of junior lieutenants (115) and financial workers (227); retraining of political staff (153); disbanding courses foreign languages Is the department of the Red Army (0176); reduction of the period of service for obtaining a rank after completing the courses of the Navy (177).
1938 - Creation and operation of courses for the improvement and training of command, commanding and political staff (54, 183, 240, 016, 042, 045, 076, 0116, 0118, 0125, 0164, 0194).
1939 - Reorganization of advanced training courses for political personnel at the PU of the Red Army (137), in districts (0117); creation of courses for combat lieutenants and junior lieutenants (099), departments at the KUKS PVO in Kyiv (0146); selection of shooting ranges and shooting fields for courses "Shot" (225)
1940 - Creation of courses for training and retraining: party workers and political officers (018, 060, 075, 0116, 0338), Air Force command staff (07, 0234), instructor cooks, shoemakers and tailors (0353); work of courses "Shot" (124, 235, 0156); reorganization of the Ryazan Air Force Courses into a reserve regiment (022); term of study and number in all advanced training courses for command personnel (0317); cancellation of the order (473).
1941 - Training of students at the "Shot" courses and advanced training courses for staff commanders (25, 0117); the results of the verification of the Lipetsk aviation courses for the improvement of squadron commanders (0187); reorganization of courses for reserve officers (066).
health service
1937 - Survey of the sanitary condition of military schools (154), the medical unit of the economic department of the Central Administration of the NPO (179); the procedure for the medical selection of pilots of fighter aircraft (79); regulations: on the military medical examination (257), district and garrison sanitary depots (149), the flagship doctor of the district air force (army) (134); preventive vaccinations (187); spending money on medical care (0162); checking the knowledge of the medical staff (049).
1938 - Organization of the sanitary service in the Air Force (ONO); quarantine reduction (0181); instructions: on the prevention of frostbite (21), medical selection during water training (036), medical examination of military contingents (193, 194); the procedure for handling and accounting for highly toxic substances (100).
1939 - Transfer of the Yeysk hospital to the NK Navy (73/129); treatment-and-prophylactic and sanatorium services (134); medical care for family members of command staff (01); prevention of infectious diseases (39, 0130); procedures for the use of health care property (219, 0226).
1940 - Maintenance of command staff in hospitals and infirmaries (163); providing medical assistance to members of the families of command personnel and civilians (250); regulations on the Academic Medical Council (231), on medical property (126, 158, 476, 0294); health records and reporting (18); introduction of Instructions for medical care and medical certification (183, 184); organization of work of hospitals (0166, 0310); creation of a commission for the transfer of a special train to the sanitary department (064); personnel of the medical service (279); implementation of quarantine measures on the border with Finland (31).
1941 - Collection of provisions on the institutions of the sanitary service in wartime (0177); rules for medical records and reporting in wartime (206); introduction to the supply of medical equipment (163, 068); transfer of the medical service and polyclinics of NCOs to the Central Military Hospital (198); frostbite in parts of the districts during training marches (022).
Mobilization work
1937 - Status of mobilization work in the BVI (0160).
1939 - Mobilization for training camps of conscripts in a number of military districts (177), conscripts to reinforce the troops of the ZabVO and the 57th Special Corps (0035); staffing the Red Army with vehicles during mobilization (166).
1940 - Introduction of instructions on the mobilization work of military units, departments and institutions (0130), a collection of sets of spare parts, tools for cars and tractors supplied for the needs of the Red Army during mobilization (335); the results of the verification of mobilization work in 127 and 134 rifle divisions (0064), at the enterprises of the NKB (0145).
1941 - Introduction of instructions for local military administration (095); appointment of a commission for the transfer of spare parts from the mobile reserve of a number of plants (0019/34ss).
Awards and promotions
1937-1941 - Successes in combat training, military service and studies (1937 - 6, 11, 12, 16, 80, 137, 144, 155, 168, 201, 212, 234, 245, 015, 022, 0145; 1938 - 116, 226, 248, 259, 0105, 0193 , 0202; 1939 - 58, 99, 146, 147, 154, 167, 207, 208, 226, 231, 233, 235, 236, 240, 073, 093, 0119; 1940 - 4, 40, 53, 95, 105 106, 156, 290, 296, 304, 306, 311, 327, 345, 346, 347, 368, 384, 397, 402, 414, 416, 435, 482, 066; , 122, 159, 017); invention and rationalization (1937 - 114, 0020; 1939 - 61, 149, 150, 237, 054; 1940 - 30, 33, 128, 151, 328, 449, 015; 1941 - 81, 90, 123, 132, 133,139, 141, 142); in connection with anniversaries (1938 - 260; 1939 - 10; 1940 - 318, 448; 1941 - 83, 156); success in sports (1940 - 274; 1941 - 178, 179, 182).
1937 - The assignment of consideration of applications for awarding military personnel with orders to the Higher attestation commission NGOs (221); cancellation of award orders (127, 161, 236); honorary title (21).
1938 - Announcement of gratitude and awarding gold watches to employees of the Central Theater of the Red Army (180); regulations on awarding military units and formations with prizes of the Red Army (204, 0214).
1939 - Assignment of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor to warehouse No. 10 (202).
1940 - Enrollment as honorary Cossacks of the 4th Cavalry Division (1) and a cadet of the Saratov Political School (76) of the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and a group of military leaders; regulations on challenged Red Banners for combat training (218, 482); transfer of the Red Banner (0204).
1941 - Establishment of challenge prizes for the best performance in the all-army ski cross (118); cancellation of order 0214 (114).
Name and renaming of military formations, units, military educational institutions
1937 - Assignment of honorary titles to formations, units and military schools (40, 41, 55, 69, 028); renaming of formations, units, institutions (19, 58, 113, 116, 058), educational institutions (5, 36, 56, 119, 125, 126, 182); removal from military units, military educational institutions of the names of convicts (98); cancellation of naming orders (127, 161, 180, 198, 211, 228, 259).
1938 - Assignment of honorary titles to units and military educational institutions (13, 23, 267, 0128); renaming of units and military educational institutions (97, 102, 01, 058, 067), the Military Veterinary Institute of the Red Army (0201); cancellation of naming orders (72, 115).
1939 - Assignment of honorary titles (0102, 0119); abolition of conditional names of units, formations and institutions (179); renaming of workshops and factory of educational devices (67); clarification of the order of naming "commanding staff" and "ordinary staff" (189).
1940 - Assignment of honorary titles (3, 225, 404, 444); renaming of military formations and units (0150), 0331).
1941 - Assigning the name of the Academy (59).
People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR
1937 - The release of M. N. Tukhachevsky from the duties of Deputy People's Commissar of Defense and the approval of A. I. Yegorov as First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense (85); 1938 - distribution of duties (270).
1939 - Approval of L. 3. Mekhlis as Deputy People's Commissar of Defense and Head of the Political Directorate of the Red Army (7); appointment of I. F. Fedko (25), G. I. Kulik and S. M. Budyonny (27), I. I. Proskurov (63) as deputies of the People's Commissar of Defense.
1940 - Appointment of a commission to carry out the government's decision on the reorganization of the Red Army (001); NPO structure (0037); appointment of K. E. Voroshilov as Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and Chairman of the Defense Committee under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, S. K. Timoshenko - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR (109, PO), K. A. Meretskov - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense (153); release of A. D. Loktionov from the duties of Deputy People's Commissar of Defense (211).
1941 - Distribution of duties between the deputies of the People's Commissar of Defense (0113).
Research institutions
1937 - Change in the staff of the Veterinary Chemical Laboratory and the Research Institute of the Red Army (0152); withdrawal of the Biotechnical Institute from the jurisdiction of the head of the Chemical Department (0012), change of the location of this institute and inclusion of the 3rd laboratory of the NPO (0044); inclusion of the Ostekhbyuro under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of the Defense Industry (0015); Regulations on the scientific and test aviation range (067).
1938 - Regulations: on planning, financing, accounting and reporting in research institutes and scientific testing grounds of NGOs (213), on the Air Force Research Institute (0189, 0190); organization of a design bureau under the Engineering Directorate of the Red Army (057); the merger of the Scientific Research Institute of Communications and the Scientific and Technical Institute into the Scientific and Testing Institute of Communications and Special Equipment (0013); appointment of a commission to inspect the Research Institute and the Central Military Chemical Test Site (0198); introduction of salary increments at the Biotechnical Institute (006).
1939 - Return of the bullet-loading ammunition laboratory to the Research and Testing Range for Small Arms (006).
1941 - Establishment of two branches of the Air Force Research Institute (0134).
Military districts, fronts, armies, front and army groups
1938 - Renaming the Belarusian and Kyiv military districts into special military districts, the formation of army groups in their composition (0151, 0152); formation of the Kalinin and Oryol military districts (0154, 0160); reorganization OKDVA (0/07, 0146).
1939 - Clarification of the boundaries and composition of the Belarusian (3rd, 4th, 10th, 11th armies) and Ukrainian (5th, 6th, 12th armies) fronts; formation of the Odessa military district (0157, 0160); changing the boundaries of the MVO and PriVO (084); the name of the field administrations of the Belorussian and Kyiv districts as Front Offices (0053); reorganization of the field administrations of the Belorussian and Ukrainian fronts into the administrations of the Belorussian and Kyiv Special Military Districts (0/77); formation: front (Chita) group (0030), army groups of troops of Minsk, Murmansk, Novgorod, Severnaya (07, 0/29, 0154, 0052); renaming the Murmansk Army Group into the 14th Army, creation of the 9th Army (0/90); introduction of Regulations on the management of an army group of troops in peacetime (056); changes in the states of districts and armies (18, 041, 044, 087, 0114).
1940 - Disbandment of the field administrations of the North-Western Front, 7th, 9th and 13th armies; subordination of the 8th and 14th armies of the LVO; transfer of the administration of the 15th army to the city of Arkhangelsk and the formation of the Arkhangelsk military district (063, 0013); the formation of the Baltic and the disbandment of the Kalinin military districts; renaming of the Belarusian Special Military District into the Western Special Military District (0141); territorial changes in the PribVO, LVO, MVO, renaming of the Baltic District into the Special Military District (0190); reorganization of command and control of the troops of the Far East and ZabVO: the creation of the Far Eastern Front, the subordination of the 1st and 2nd Red Banner and 15th armies to it, and the ZabVO - the newly created 16th and 17th armies, the disbandment of the front (Chita) group (0029 ); renaming the 1st OKA into the 1st Red Banner Army (188); reorganization of the departments of military districts and a new structure of the district apparatus (0184); formation in the city of Petrozavodsk of the administration of the 7th Army (0050); renaming of the army cavalry group to the command of the 26th army (0074).
Special and separate formations
1937 - Subordination of the special cavalry regiment of the NPO to the commander of the Moscow Military District (117); formation of the 57th Special Corps (0037).
1938 - Introduction to the staff of special corps of departments for command and command staff (0019, 0020).
1939 - Creation of the construction department in the 57th special building (0017); renaming of the 57th special corps into an army group (0036), Special Cavalry Regiment of the NPO to the Special Cavalry Brigade (0181); regulations on special rifle corps: 65th in Estonia (0162), 2nd in Latvia (0163), 16th in Lithuania (0164); the assignment of control over combat training, armament, supplies of the 2nd, 16th and 65th special corps to the Deputy People's Commissar of Defense A.D. Loktionov (0185).
1940 - Disbandment of the 1st sk and the Separate joint venture of the Finnish People's Army (0015); withdrawal of the 2nd, 16th, 65th corps located in the Baltic States from the subordination of the military councils of the districts with direct subordination of NCOs (0028).
Special departments
1939 - The work of special departments of the NKVD (003).
1940 - Measures to prevent desertion and clear the rear of enemy elements (002/0083, 003/0093, 0018, 0055).
1941 - The procedure for reporting cases of desertion to special departments of the NKVD (08).
Occupational Safety and Health
1937-1940 - Occupational health and safety in construction work (1937 - 195; 1938 - 47); benefits for harmful working conditions (1938 - 0112; 1939 - 074; 1940 - 242, 0254).
Military parades
1937-1940 - Conducting military parades (1937 - 0164; 1939 - 057, 201); the formation of a consolidated regiment of the Central Administration of the NPO to participate in parades (1937 - 219; 1938 - 87, 222; 1939 - 54, 184; 1940 - 81, 93, 325, 334).
1937 - Allocation of aircraft to participate in the air parade (0164, 0014).
1938 - The procedure for the production of aircraft and firing at parades, reviews, exercises (125). 1940 - Preparation for the air parade (0251).
Parachute Troops
1939 - Results of the collection of parachute training (156).
1940 - Parachute jumps from low altitudes in landing units (0153). ,
1941 - Condition, storage and operation of parachute equipment in parts (0112); aviation support special parachute training of airborne brigades (0116); providing flight facilities for combat training and combat operations of airborne troops (0034).
Census of the Red Army
1938 - Creation of the Central and District Census Bureau of the Red Army (172); announcement of the Instructions for the 1939 census in the Red Army (0195).
1939 - Entering into the personal files of participants in the 1939 census of the Red Army, gratitude, announced by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (181).
Fire Department
1937 - Regulations on the relationship between the fire departments of the NKVD and NPOs (129/288); Instruction on lightning protection of buildings and structures of NGOs (159); fire in the training regiment (080).
1938 - Fire protection in the units and institutions of the NPO (39); norms of fire equipment and inventory (33).
1939 - Regulations on fire protection in units and institutions (2); relationship between the fire departments of the NKVD and NGOs (3/4); fire at the petrol depot of the tank brigade (094).
1941 - Fire safety measure (110, 014); fire at the Balashov military aviation school (0037).
Political agencies, political work
1937 - Formation of political departments in rifle, cavalry, aviation corps (060); introduction of the position of political officers in companies, squadrons, batteries (0178); selection of political personnel (0179).
1938 - Formation of political agencies in military formations, institutions, military schools (109, 169, 072, 094, 098, 0012); introduction of the position of political instructors and other political workers in military units, institutions (170, 099, 0113, 0148, 0162, 0199, 0026), secretaries of the party bureau in the Central Administration of NGOs (159); the creation of a political apparatus to direct Komsomol work (168); appointment of the best Komsomol members as deputy political officers (19, 045) ; the creation of a commission for the preparation of all-army conferences of political and Komsomol workers (82, 104); cancellation of the order to provide party political characteristics (89).
1939 - Inclusion in the temporary staff of the Field Directorate type C (wartime) of the positions of military commissars (0148); the creation of political agencies (33, 066, 0149, 0187, 0024), agitation points on the railway. stations (097); the behavior of the personnel of military units stationed on the basis of mutual assistance pacts in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (0162, 0163, 0164); creation of departments for work among enemy troops and prisoners of war (0046, 0047); sending sound broadcasting units to military units (0100, 0106); Komsomol work in a tank brigade (0127).
PEOPLE'S COMMISSAR OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR
Moscow city
The enemy is throwing more and more forces to the front and, regardless of the heavy losses for him, climbs forward, breaks into the depths of the Soviet Union, seizes new areas, devastates and devastates our cities and villages, rapes, robs and kills the Soviet population. Fighting is going on in the Voronezh region, on the Don, in the south and at the gates of the North Caucasus. The German invaders are rushing towards Stalingrad, towards the Volga and want to seize the Kuban, the North Caucasus with their oil and grain wealth at any cost. The enemy has already captured Voroshilovgrad, Starobelsk, Rossosh, Kupyansk, Valuiki, Novocherkassk, Rostov-on-Don, half of Voronezh. Parts of the troops of the Southern Front, following the alarmists, left Rostov and Novocherkassk without serious resistance and without orders from Moscow, covering their banners with disgrace.
The population of our country, which treats the Red Army with love and respect, begins to become disillusioned with it, loses faith in the Red Army, and many of them curse the Red Army for handing over our people under the yoke of German oppressors, while fleeing to the east.
Some foolish people at the front comfort themselves by talking about the fact that we can continue to retreat to the east, since we have a lot of land, a lot of population, and that we will always have an abundance of grain. By this they want to justify their shameful behavior at the fronts. But such talk is completely false and deceitful, beneficial only to our enemies.
Every commander, Red Army soldier and political worker must understand that our means are not unlimited. The territory of the Soviet state is not a desert, but people - workers, peasants, intelligentsia, our fathers, mothers, wives, brothers, children. The territory of the USSR, which the enemy has captured and is striving to capture, is bread and other products for the army and rear, metal and fuel for industry, factories, plants supplying the army with weapons and ammunition, and railways. After the loss of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States, Donbass and other regions, we have much less territory, therefore, there are much fewer people, bread, metal, plants, factories. We have lost more than 70 million people, more than 800 million poods of grain a year and more than 10 million tons of metal a year. We no longer have superiority over the Germans either in manpower reserves or in grain supplies. To retreat further means to ruin ourselves and at the same time ruin our Motherland. Each new piece of territory left by us will strengthen the enemy in every possible way and weaken our defense, our Motherland in every possible way.
Therefore, it is necessary to root out the talk that we have the opportunity to retreat endlessly, that we have a lot of territory, our country is great and rich, there is a lot of population, there will always be an abundance of bread. Such conversations are false and harmful, they weaken us and strengthen the enemy, because if we do not stop retreating, we will be left without bread, without fuel, without metal, without raw materials, without factories and factories, without railways.
It follows from this that it is time to end the retreat.
No step back! This should now be our main call.
We must stubbornly, to the last drop of blood, defend every position, every meter of Soviet territory, cling to every patch of Soviet land and defend it to the last possible opportunity.
Our Motherland is going through hard times. We must stop and then push back and defeat the enemy, no matter what it costs us. The Germans are not as strong as it seems to the alarmists. They are straining their last strength. To withstand their blow now, in the next few months, is to ensure victory for us.
Can we withstand the blow, and then push the enemy back to the west? Yes, we can, because our factories and plants in the rear are now working perfectly, and our front is getting more and more aircraft, tanks, artillery, and mortars.
What do we lack?
There is a lack of order and discipline in companies, battalions, regiments, divisions, tank units, air squadrons. This is now our main shortcoming. We must establish the strictest order and iron discipline in our army if we want to save the situation and defend the Motherland.
Commanders, commissars, political workers, whose units and formations arbitrarily leave their combat positions, cannot be tolerated any longer. No longer can it be tolerated when commanders, commissars, political workers allow a few alarmists to determine the situation on the battlefield, so that they drag other soldiers into retreat and open the front to the enemy.
Alarmists and cowards must be exterminated on the spot.
From now on, the iron law of discipline for every commander, Red Army soldier, political worker should be the requirement - not a step back without an order from the high command.
The commanders of a company, battalion, regiment, division, the corresponding commissars and political workers, retreating from a combat position without an order from above, are traitors to the Motherland. It is necessary to deal with such commanders and political workers as with traitors to the Motherland.
This is the call of our Motherland.
Fulfilling this order means defending our land, saving the Motherland, exterminating and defeating the hated enemy.
After their winter retreat under the pressure of the Red Army, when discipline was shaken in the German troops, the Germans took some severe measures to restore discipline, which led to good results. They formed more than 100 penal companies from fighters who were guilty of violating discipline through cowardice or instability, put them in dangerous sectors of the front and ordered them to atone for their sins with blood. They formed, further, about a dozen penal battalions from commanders who were guilty of violating discipline through cowardice or instability, deprived them of orders, placed them on even more dangerous sectors of the front and ordered them to atone for their sins. Finally, they formed special barrier detachments, placed them behind the unstable divisions, and ordered them to shoot alarmists on the spot if they attempted to surrender. As is known, these measures had their effect, and now the German troops are fighting better than they fought in the winter. And so it turns out that the German troops have good discipline, although they do not have the lofty goal of defending their homeland, but there is only one predatory goal - to conquer a foreign country, and our troops, having the lofty goal of defending their outraged Motherland, do not have such discipline and endure because of this defeat.
Shouldn't we learn from our enemies in this matter, as our ancestors learned from their enemies in the past and then won a victory over them?
I think it should.
The Supreme High Command of the Red Army orders:
1. To the military councils of the fronts and, above all, to the commanders of the fronts:
a) to unconditionally liquidate retreating moods in the troops and with an iron fist to suppress propaganda that we can and should supposedly retreat further to the east, that there will be no harm supposedly from that retreat;
b) unconditionally remove from their posts and send them to Headquarters to bring to court martial the commanders of the armies who allowed the unauthorized withdrawal of troops from their positions without an order from the front command;
c) to form within the front from one to three (depending on the situation) penal battalions (800 people each), where to send medium and senior commanders and relevant political workers of all branches of the military who are guilty of violating discipline due to cowardice or instability, and put them on more difficult sections of the front, in order to give them the opportunity to atone for their crimes against the Motherland with blood.
2. To the military councils of the armies and, above all, to the commanders of the armies:
a) unconditionally remove from their posts the commanders and commissars of corps and divisions who allowed unauthorized withdrawal of troops from their positions without an order from the army command and send them to the military council of the front to be brought before a military court;
b) form within the army 3-5 well-armed barrage detachments (200 people each), place them in the immediate rear of unstable divisions and oblige them, in case of panic and disorderly withdrawal of parts of the division, to shoot alarmists and cowards on the spot and thereby help honest fighters divisions to fulfill their duty to the Motherland;
c) to form within the army from five to ten (depending on the situation) penal companies (from 150 to 200 people each), where to send ordinary soldiers and junior commanders who are guilty of violating discipline due to cowardice or instability, and put them in difficult areas army to give them the opportunity to atone for their crimes against the Motherland with blood.
3. Commanders and commissars of corps and divisions:
a) unconditionally remove from their posts the commanders and commissars of regiments and battalions who allowed unauthorized withdrawal of units without the order of the corps or division commander, take away orders and medals from them and send them to the military councils of the front for submission to a military court;
b) provide all possible assistance and support to the barrage detachments of the army in strengthening order and discipline in the units.
Read the order in all companies, squadrons, batteries, squadrons, teams, headquarters.
People's Commissar of Defense
I. STALIN
R. Kosolapov. Word to Comrade Stalin. pp. 179–183.
The enemy is throwing more and more forces to the front and, regardless of the heavy losses for him, climbs forward, breaks into the depths of the Soviet Union, seizes new areas, devastates and devastates our cities and villages, rapes, robs and kills the Soviet population. Fighting is going on in the Voronezh region, on the Don, in the south and at the gates of the North Caucasus. The German invaders are rushing towards Stalingrad, towards the Volga and want to seize the Kuban, the North Caucasus with their oil and grain wealth at any cost. The enemy has already captured Voroshilovgrad, Starobelsk, Rossosh, Kupyansk, Valuiki, Novocherkassk, Rostov-on-Don, half of Voronezh. Parts of the troops of the Southern Front, following the alarmists, left Rostov and Novocherkassk without serious resistance and without orders from Moscow, covering their banners with disgrace.
The population of our country, which treats the Red Army with love and respect, begins to become disillusioned with it, loses faith in the Red Army, and many of them curse the Red Army for handing over our people under the yoke of German oppressors, while fleeing to the east.
Some foolish people at the front comfort themselves by talking about the fact that we can continue to retreat to the east, since we have a lot of land, a lot of population, and that we will always have an abundance of grain. By this they want to justify their shameful behavior at the fronts. But such talk is completely false and deceitful, beneficial only to our enemies.
Every commander, Red Army soldier and political worker must understand that our means are not unlimited. The territory of the Soviet state is not a desert, but people - workers, peasants, intelligentsia, our fathers, mothers, wives, brothers, children. The territory of the USSR, which the enemy has captured and is striving to capture, is bread and other products for the army and rear, metal and fuel for industry, factories, plants supplying the army with weapons and ammunition, and railways. After the loss of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States, Donbass and other regions, we have much less territory, therefore, there are much fewer people, bread, metal, plants, factories. We have lost more than 70 million people, more than 800 million poods of grain a year and more than 10 million tons of metal a year. We no longer have superiority over the Germans either in manpower reserves or in grain supplies. To retreat further means to ruin ourselves and at the same time ruin our Motherland. Each new piece of territory left by us will strengthen the enemy in every possible way and weaken our defense, our Motherland in every possible way.
Therefore, it is necessary to root out the talk that we have the opportunity to retreat endlessly, that we have a lot of territory, our country is great and rich, there is a lot of population, there will always be an abundance of bread. Such conversations are false and harmful, they weaken us and strengthen the enemy, because if we do not stop retreating, we will be left without bread, without fuel, without metal, without raw materials, without factories and factories, without railways.
It follows from this that it is time to end the retreat.
No step back! This should now be our main call.
We must stubbornly, to the last drop of blood, defend every position, every meter of Soviet territory, cling to every patch of Soviet land and defend it to the last possible opportunity.
Our Motherland is going through hard times. We must stop and then push back and defeat the enemy, no matter what it costs us. The Germans are not as strong as it seems to the alarmists. They are straining their last strength. To withstand their blow now, in the next few months, is to ensure victory for us.
Can we withstand the blow, and then push the enemy back to the west? Yes, we can, because our factories and plants in the rear are now working perfectly, and our front is getting more and more aircraft, tanks, artillery, and mortars.
What do we lack?
There is a lack of order and discipline in companies, battalions, regiments, divisions, tank units, air squadrons. This is now our main shortcoming. We must establish the strictest order and iron discipline in our army if we want to save the situation and defend the Motherland.
Commanders, commissars, political workers, whose units and formations arbitrarily leave combat positions, cannot be tolerated any longer.
Alarmists and cowards must be exterminated on the spot.
From now on, the iron law of discipline for every commander, Red Army soldier, political worker should be the requirement - not a step back without an order from the high command.
The commanders of a company, battalion, regiment, division, the corresponding commissars and political workers, retreating from a combat position without an order from above, are traitors to the Motherland. It is necessary to deal with such commanders and political workers as with traitors to the Motherland.
This is the call of our Motherland.
Fulfilling this order means defending our land, saving the Motherland, exterminating and defeating the hated enemy.
After their winter retreat under the pressure of the Red Army, when discipline was shaken in the German troops, the Germans took some severe measures to restore discipline, which led to good results. They formed more than 100 penal companies from fighters who were guilty of violating discipline through cowardice or instability, put them in dangerous sectors of the front and ordered them to atone for their sins with blood. They formed, further, about a dozen penal battalions from commanders who were guilty of violating discipline through cowardice or instability, deprived them of orders, placed them on even more dangerous sectors of the front and ordered them to atone for their sins. Finally, they formed special barrier detachments, placed them behind the unstable divisions, and ordered them to shoot alarmists on the spot if they attempted to surrender. As is known, these measures had their effect, and now the German troops are fighting better than they fought in the winter. And so it turns out that the German troops have good discipline, although they do not have the lofty goal of defending their homeland, but there is only one predatory goal - to conquer a foreign country, and our troops, having the lofty goal of defending their outraged Motherland, do not have such discipline and endure in view of this defeat Shouldn't we learn from our enemies in this matter, as our ancestors learned from enemies in the past and then won a victory over them?
I think that the Supreme Command of the Red Army follows orders:
- To the military councils of the fronts and, above all, to the commanders of the fronts: a) to unconditionally eliminate the retreating mood in the troops and to suppress with an iron fist the propaganda that we can and should supposedly retreat further to the east, that there will supposedly be no harm from that retreat; b) unconditionally remove from their posts and send them to Headquarters to bring to court martial the commanders of the armies who allowed the unauthorized withdrawal of troops from their positions without an order from the front command; c) to form within the front from one to three (depending on the situation) penal battalions (800 people each), where to send medium and senior commanders and relevant political workers of all branches of the military who are guilty of violating discipline due to cowardice or instability, and put them on more difficult sections of the front, in order to give them the opportunity to atone for their crimes against the Motherland with blood.
- The military councils of the armies and, above all, the commanders of the armies: a) unconditionally remove from their posts commanders and commissars of corps and divisions who allowed unauthorized withdrawal of troops from their positions without an order from the army command and send them to the military council of the front for submission to a military court; b) form within the army 3-5 well-armed barrage detachments (200 people each), place them in the immediate rear of unstable divisions and oblige them, in case of panic and disorderly withdrawal of parts of the division, to shoot alarmists and cowards on the spot and thereby help honest fighters divisions to fulfill their duty to the Motherland; c) to form within the army from five to ten (depending on the situation) penal companies (from 150 to 200 people each), where to send ordinary soldiers and junior commanders who are guilty of violating discipline due to cowardice or instability, and put them in difficult areas army to give them the opportunity to atone for their crimes against the Motherland with blood.
- Commanders and commissars of corps and divisions: a) unconditionally remove from their posts the commanders and commissars of regiments and battalions who allowed unauthorized withdrawal of units without an order from the corps or division commander, take away their orders and medals and send them to the military councils of the front for submission to a military court; b) provide all possible assistance and support to the barrage detachments of the army in strengthening order and discipline in the units.
Read the order in all companies, squadrons, batteries, squadrons, teams, headquarters.
