G. Collection of tasks and exercises in chemistry for high school. Khomchenko I.G Gdz in chemistry khomchenko all numbers
You begin to get acquainted with a new subject called chemistry. Since ancient times, people have tried to understand what the world around us consists of, how one substance is transformed into another. You will find answers to these and many other questions in the school textbook for the entire course of chemistry from grades 8 to 11. And to make it easier for schoolchildren to perceive new information, the well-known specialist Khomchenko I.G. I dismantled the textbook and posted ready-made answers in my solution book.
Collection GDZ in chemistry for grades 8-11 collection of tasks Khomchenko reveals the essence of all tasks and exercises from the textbook. The material of the manual fully complies with the requirements of the school curriculum and is approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation for educational institutions. Ready-made answers will help students deal with incomprehensible tasks and self-test themselves. In addition, such a publication is also useful for parents, who will find it easier and faster to check homework child and explain to him incomprehensible topics. And for teachers, such a manual will act as additional material to lessons.
In total, the GDZ in chemistry for grades 8-11 includes thirty chapters. And first, students will get acquainted with the basics of the subject. In the second chapter, they will learn about oxygen and its radicals. Students from the next chapter will understand how hydrogen is involved in the formation of acid and salt. Next, eighth graders will discuss the topic of solutions, water and bases. The fifth chapter will bring knowledge about the classes of inorganic compounds. From chapter six, ninth graders finally learn about D.I. Mendeleev and deal with the structure of the atom.
The ninth grade involves the study chemical bond and features in the structure of substances. The eighth chapter is entirely devoted to Avogadro's law. The ninth-graders from the next chapter will learn how to solve all the exercises and tasks on halogens. Not less than important topic about electrolytic dissociation will be discussed further. In the eleventh chapter, schoolchildren will have to deal with the p-elements of group VI of the periodic table of Mendeleev, which are a subgroup of oxygen. The twelfth chapter will tell about the patterns of flow chemical reactions.
About the elements of group V of the periodic system, which are a subgroup of nitrogen, students will learn from the thirteenth chapter. The n-elements of group IV of the periodic table of Mendeleev from the carbon subgroup will not remain undisassembled. Students will learn about the general properties of metal from the fifteenth chapter. And the sixteenth chapter will talk about metals, as about the elements of the main subgroups of the periodic system. But about metals, as about elements of side subgroups, it will become known from the next chapter.
Tenth graders will also have to master the theory chemical structure organic compounds. In the nineteenth chapter, they will talk about saturated hydrocarbons. But the twentieth chapter will tell about all unsaturated hydrocarbons. In the tenth grade, the topic of aromatic hydrocarbons. You can learn about the natural sources of hydrocarbons from the twenty-second chapter. About alcohols and phenols will become known from the twenty-third chapter. And now the eleventh graders will begin to get acquainted with aldehydes and carboxylic acids.
Graduates will learn how to solve problems and design laboratory works on esters and fats. Reactions with carbohydrates are discussed in the twenty-seventh chapter. The twenty-eighth chapter will bring information about all nitrogen-containing organic compounds. And at the end of the chemistry course, high-molecular compounds will be considered by schoolchildren. And the thirtieth chapter is completely devoted to repetition and deepening of knowledge in the course of chemistry. The authors did not forget to give answers to all calculation problems.
2nd ed., rev. and additional - M.: 2011 - 214 p.
The collection includes tasks and exercises in chemistry, fully complies with school curriculum approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation for educational institutions. The book is intended for teachers of chemistry as a teaching aid.
Format: pdf
The size: 23 MB
Watch, download: 1 .10.2018, links removed at the request of the publishing house "New Wave"
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface 3
1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 5
chemical phenomena. Substances 5
Relative atomic and molecular weights. The constancy of the composition of matter 6
Chemical formulas and calculations on them 7
Valence 8
Chemical equations. Reaction types 9
The amount of substance. Moth. Molar mass 10
Chemical equation calculations 11
2. OXYGEN. OXIDES. BURNING 14
Obtaining and properties of oxygen 14
Air. Burning 15
Thermal effect of chemical reactions 16
3. HYDROGEN. ACID. SALT 18
Obtaining and properties of hydrogen 18
Acids and salts 19
4. SOLUTIONS. WATER. GROUNDS 21
Solutions 21
Water 23
Grounds 24
5. GENERALIZATION OF INFORMATION ON THE CLASSES OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS 27
Oxides 27
Grounds 28
Acids 29
Salts 30
Communication between classes of inorganic compounds 31
6. PERIODIC LAW OF D. I. MENDELEEV. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM 35
Periodic law and periodic system of D. I. Mendeleev 35
The structure of the atom. Isotopes. Nuclear reactions 36
The structure of the electron shells of atoms 37
7. CHEMICAL BOND AND STRUCTURE OF SUBSTANCE 39
8. LAW OF AVOGADRO 42
9. HALOGENS 45
Chlorine 45
Hydrogen chloride, hydrochloric acid and its salts 46
General characteristics of halogens 47
10. ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION 50
Electrolytes 50
Ion exchange reactions 52
Redox reactions in solutions 54
Salt hydrolysis 57
11 .p-ELEMENTS OF GROUP VI OF D. I. MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC TABLE (oxygen subgroup) 59
General characteristics of the elements of subgroup 59
Sulfur 60
Sulfuric acid and its salts 62
12. PATTERNS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS 64
Rate of chemical reactions 64
Chemical equilibrium 65
Sulfuric acid production 67
13. N-elements of GROUP V of D. I. MENDELEEV'S PERIODIC TABLE (nitrogen subgroup) 69
Nitrogen 69
Ammonia and ammonium salts 70
Nitric acid and its salts 72
Phosphorus 74
Phosphoric acid and its salts 75
Mineral fertilizers 76
14. n-ELEMENTS OF GROUP IV OF D. I. MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC TABLE (subgroup of carbon) 78
Carbon 78
Oxides of carbon. Carbonic acid and its salts 79
Silicon and its compounds 82
Silicates and the silicate industry 84
15. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF METALS 86
The structure of atoms of metal elements and their position in the periodic system 86
Obtaining metals 87
Electrolysis 89
Physical and Chemical properties metals 91
Alloys. Corrosion of metals 94
16. METAL ELEMENTS OF THE MAIN SUBGROUPS OF D. I. MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC SYSTEM 96
Alkali metals 96
Magnesium. Calcium 99
Aluminum 102
Tin. Lead 105
17. ELEMENTS-METALS OF SIDE SUBGROUPS OF D. I. MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC TABLE 107
Iron and its compounds 107
Metallurgy. Cast iron and steel 110
Titanium and vanadium 112
Chrome 113
Manganese 115
18. THEORY OF THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 117
19. LIMITED HYDROCARBONS 122
Alkanes 122
Cycloalkanes 126
20. UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS 127
Alkenes 127
Alkadienes 132
Alkynes 134
21. AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 138
22. NATURAL SOURCES OF HYDROCARBONS 142
23. ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS 145
Limit monohydric alcohols 145
Polyhydric alcohols 149
Phenols 150
24. ALDEHYDES 153
25. CARBOXY ACIDS 157
26. COMPLEX ESTERS. FATS 164
27. CARBOHYDRATES 167
28. NITROGEN-CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 171
Amines 171
Amino acids 173
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds 175
Squirrels 176
29. HIGH MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS 178
30. TASKS FOR REPETITION AND DEEPENING OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE COURSE OF CHEMISTRY 180
APPS
1. Recommended notation for physical quantities 193
2. Solubility of bases and salts in water 194
3. Rounded values of the relative atomic masses of some chemical elements 195
4. Relative molecular weights of some organic matter 196
5. Relative molecular masses of some organic substances 197
6. Relative electronegativity of some chemical elements 198
7. Electrochemical series of voltages (a series of standard electrode potentials of metals) 199
8. Periodic system of elements of D. I. Mendeleev 200
ANSWERS TO CALCULATION PROBLEMS 201
Foreword
Mastering the important and very interesting subject of chemistry is almost impossible without solving various problems and doing exercises.
This collection contains tasks and exercises on all topics that are studied in secondary educational institutions(schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, technical schools, etc.). It contains tasks of various levels. Mostly - these are the tasks of the most simple and medium difficulty. There are also a small number of tasks of increased complexity. The most difficult tasks, which, for example, are offered at chemistry olympiads and when entering universities with advanced requirements in chemistry, are not included in this collection, they can be found in special publications (see, for example, G. P. Khomchenko, I. G . Khomchenko "Collection of tasks in chemistry for applicants to universities", M.: RIA "New Wave", 2010). The arrangement of the material in the problem book corresponds to the most traditional sequence of studying chemistry in high school.
Solving computational problems and performing various exercises is an important element in studying a chemistry course, since it allows you to better assimilate and systematize theoretical material. Without the practice of solving problems, students' knowledge is highly formalized, so this element of learning should be given special attention. At the same time, it is important to solve problems and perform exercises regularly, on all topics studied.
Most of the calculation problems included in the collection are provided with answers that are given at the end of the book. Solutions are not given in the problem book, since the choice of the solution method and the recording form is determined by the teacher.
When solving problems, the international system of units SI should be used. It is allowed to use in calculations some common non-systemic units, for example, liter (l), milliliter (ml), ton (t).
At the end of the problem book, appendices are given that provide reference data necessary for solving problems. We recommend using the rounded values of the atomic masses of chemical elements and their compounds when solving calculation problems (see Appendices 3, 4 and 5). In this case, the answers received should be rounded to 3-4 significant figures.
Chemistry 8-11 grade Collection of tasks and exercises Khomchenko New wave
Chemistry- this is a very interesting, albeit difficult science, and even more so for children aged 14-17. Sometimes even the teachers themselves forget how to solve certain tasks. Handbook for the textbook "Chemistry 8-11 grade Collection of tasks and exercises Khomchenko New wave"- This easy way deal with tasks that turned out to be too tough for you. But you should not use this memo all the time, as it was created so that you can find the answer to the question that you yourself could not figure out.
Why was the guide created?
There is nothing shameful in the fact that you do not understand any task, since all people are different. Someone literally “grabs on the fly”, while someone needs to sit longer and understand an incomprehensible topic.
But some tasks are very difficult to solve only with the help of your mind, and it makes no sense to ask your parents. Enjoy solver only when it is impossible to solve any task in any way.
What is the function of this book
The Reshebnik was created so that the student can:
- Find the answer to the puzzle he doesn't understand.
- Expand your knowledge in the field chemistry.
- Learn to solve problems on your own.
And that's not all the possibilities. GDZ.
