General Denis Davydov. Denis Vasilievich Davydov. Participation in hostilities

Denis Vasilyevich Davydov (1784 - 1839) - a legendary man: lieutenant general, leader partisan movement 1812, poet. Napoleon hated him, but a special detachment of the French sent to capture him was captured by Davydov's partisans. Composing impudent poems about Emperor Alexander I, Denis Vasilyevich more than once fell into disgrace. But he was forgiven thanks to his exploits and amazing disposition, winning the hearts of people.

Denis Davydov was born in Moscow in the family of a nobleman Vasily Davydov, who traced his ancestry from the Tatar Murza. boy with early childhood dreamed of military service, and a meeting with the famous commander Suvorov gave rise to an even more ardent dream of military career. True, Denis was so short that even the cavalry flatly refused to accept him. Nevertheless, thanks to his charm, wit and modesty, in 1801 he became an Estandart Junker of the cavalry guard regiment.
When Davydov put on his uniform for the first time, he had a funny look, which he later described himself: “Finally, they tied our undergrowth to a huge broadsword, lowered him into deep boots and covered the sanctuary of his poetic genius with flour and a triangular hat.” In November 1803 Davydov was already a lieutenant. At the same time, he began to write poems and fables, in which he caustically ridiculed the autocracy in general and the young Emperor Alexander I in particular. For impudent verses, he was transferred from the guard to the hussar regiment in Ukraine. Such punishment was applied only for cowardice in battle, embezzlement or cheating in cards. Apparently, Denis Davydov greatly annoyed the royal court. However, the disgraced hussar was not very sad about such a decline. He had a bosom friend, Lieutenant Burtsev, who became the hero of dashing feasts in "chasny songs", which soon replaced the fables. Meanwhile, the war with Napoleon began, but the young cavalry officer, who dreamed of feats of arms and glory, was forced to stay away from these events, since his regiment was in reserve. Denis envied his brother Evdokim, who would become famous near Austerlitz. He was seriously wounded (five saber, one bullet and one bayonet wound) and was taken prisoner. In the infirmary, he talked with Napoleon himself. All European newspapers wrote about this conversation.

In November 1806, Davydov entered Field Marshal M.F. Kamensky at night, demanding that he be transferred to the front. Despite the fact that he agreed, the efforts of the dashing hussar were in vain - Kamensky was removed from his post a week later, having lost his mind. He went out to the army in a hare coat, in a scarf and said: "Brothers, save yourself, as best you can ...". Some believe that he went crazy after an unexpected night visit by Denis Davydov. Rumors about this incredible story reached the favorite of the sovereign - Maria Naryshkina. It was she who helped Denis become the adjutant of General P.I. Bagration. Davydov was a little dumbfounded by this appointment, since at one time he made fun of the long nose of his future boss a lot. True, he told Bagration that he wrote about his nose only out of envy. Fortunately, the commander had a sense of humor, and when he was informed that the enemy was “on the nose”, he asked again: “On whose nose? If on mine, then you can still dine, and if on Denisov, then on the horses! At the beginning of 1807, Denis Davydov finally began to participate in the battles. Some battles were won thanks to his courage and resourcefulness, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree, presented with a cloak from Bagration and a trophy horse, as well as a saber trimmed with gold.

At the beginning Patriotic War Davydov was already a lieutenant colonel in the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment. On August 21, 1812, he saw how his parental home was hastily dismantled for fortifications. Then, 5 days before the great battle, he proposed to Bagration the idea of a partisan detachment. Bagration issued an order to create a flying partisan detachment the day before his death in the Battle of Borodino. On the very first night of the new strategy, Davydov's detachment of 50 hussars and 80 Cossacks himself fell into a peasant ambush (they mistook the hussars for the French). It nearly cost Davydov his life. After this incident, Davydov put on a peasant's caftan and grew a beard. Once, his small detachment captured 370 Frenchmen, recapturing 200 Russian prisoners, a cart with cartridges and nine carts with provisions. His partisan army grew rapidly due to the liberated Russian prisoners and peasants. Kutuzov, seeing the successes of Davydov's detachment, gave the order to send him reinforcements. They say that Napoleon ordered to seize Davydov and immediately shoot him, and for the capture he singled out one of his best detachments of two thousand horsemen. Davydov lured this detachment into a trap and took him prisoner along with all the officers.

When the Russians drove the French out of Russia, Davydov entered Saxony with an advanced detachment and occupied Dresden. But he was put under house arrest for this, as he took the city without an order. However, throughout Europe there were already legends about the brave and successful hussar. When Russian troops entered a city, all the inhabitants went out into the street to see the legendary brave man. For the battle near Paris, he was promoted to the rank of major general. It is noteworthy that on this day 5 horses were killed under it! After the end of the war, luck initially turned away from Davydov. First, he was sent to command the dragoons, whom Denis despised as a hussar. Then he was stripped of the rank of major general (allegedly his assignment was a mistake). And the last blow of fate - he was transferred to serve in the Oryol province as the commander of a horse-jäger brigade. Now Davydov had to shave off his hussar mustache, since the huntsmen were not supposed to have mustaches. Denis wrote a letter to the king, where he asked to cancel the order, and began to wait for disgrace or resignation. To his joy, the tsar, when he was informed about the problems of the hero, was in a good mood and allowed Davydov to serve in the hussar regiment and even returned the rank of major general. Further, the hussar Davydov fought against the Persians, the Polish rebels. He was given the title lieutenant general"for courage and diligence." The personal life of the hussar was quite stormy. At first, he was unlucky in love and the girls who became the subject of his worship, one after another, married others. He was especially worried when he was rejected by the ballerina Tatyana Ivanova, under whose windows he stood for hours.

While serving near Kiev, Davydov fell in love with Lisa Zlotnitskaya. The girl agreed to become his wife, but her parents set a condition - Denis was to receive a state-owned estate for rent. While Davydov was busy in St. Petersburg, his bride became interested in Prince Peter Golitsyn. Despite the fact that the gambler and reveler Golitsyn was expelled from the guard for dark deeds, he charmed Lisa with his beauty and Davydov was refused. Davydov was very worried and all his friends came to the aid of the unfortunate lover. They set up a meeting for him with the daughter of General Nikolai Chirkov, 24-year-old Sofya. The girl was pretty and modest, so 35-year-old Davydov decided to propose to her. True, the girl's mother was dissatisfied for a long time when she found out about his poetic exploits, considering him a drunkard, a dissolute. Only later did she learn from the friends of her late husband that General Davydov did not play cards and did not drink much. In April 1819, Denis married Sophia, and she began to bear children to him. They had nine children in total. After all the wars, Denis Davydov settled in the village of Upper Maza, which belonged to his wife. He was engaged in creativity, corresponded with A.S. Pushkin, V. A. Zhukovsky and other writers. Davydov was engaged in raising children and built a distillery, arranged a pond. In general, he lived for his own pleasure. But a quiet life is not for the hussars. In 1831, he went to visit a colleague in Penza and fell head over heels in love with his niece, 23-year-old Evgenia Zolotareva. Their passionate romance lasted three years and ended when Evgenia got married. Denis returned to the family. A few years later, at the age of 55, Denis Davydov died suddenly at the Verkhnyaya Maza estate. His ashes were buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.

Bibliographic description: Sariy K. V., Lukovkina I. D. Denis Davydov and his descendants in the Volga region // Young scientist. - 2017. - No. 2.2. - S. 79-81..06.2019).

Keywords: estate, landowner, Upper Maza.

Most recently, our country celebrated the anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812. In this regard, interest in the events and participants in that war grew again. The personification of war heroes and their destinies is very important for us. The personality of Denis Davydov, as a partisan and poet, is familiar even to a person inexperienced in history. But not every resident of the Volga region knows that he can be proud of the fact that after the end of the war this hussar-brawler becomes an exemplary owner of the Verkhnyaya Maza estate in the Simbirsk province.

The purpose of our study is to analyze the activities of not only Denis Davydov himself, a landowner living far from capitals and battlefields, but also the fate of his nine children, who became no less glorious sons and daughters of their Fatherland.

The object of the study is the Davydov family. The subject of the study is the contribution of representatives of the genus to Russian history and culture. Our main sources of work are:

Memoirs of the granddaughter of the famous partisan - Sofia Nikolaevna Butorova (nee Davydova) “My memories. 1862-1917, stored in the Syzran branch of the Central state archive Samara region,

Notes of the Simbirsk Governor on the Upper Maza estate,

The results of the research of teachers and students of the Verkhnemazinsky school of the Radishevsky district of the Ulyanovsk region.

Denis Davydov is a famous partisan poet. It was he who first came up with the idea of the benefits of partisan operations in the rear of Napoleon Bonaparte's troops, and he was the first to begin to implement them.

In the Volga region, the noble family of the Davydovs is known in connection with the family estate of the family of Denis Davydov - the village of Verkhnyaya Maza, Simbirsk province. In the second half of June 1820, Denis Davydov visited Upper Maza for the first time. This happened shortly after her marriage to Sofya Nikolaevna Chirkova, who received a family estate near Syzran as a dowry. The Volga steppe village was significantly different from the village of Borodino, the Davydov estate near Moscow, in which Denis spent part of his childhood. But the Moscow region has not yet fully recovered from the consequences of the general battle with Napoleon, therefore new homeland for Denis Davydov was now on the Volga.

He finally and irrevocably retires after participating in the suppression of the uprising of 1830-1831. in the rank of lieutenant general and moved to Upper Maza.

Rice. 1. The offspring of Denis Davydov.

Being a supporter of a humane attitude towards serfs, he forbade corporal punishment on his estate, which is often found among landlord neighbors; reduced the size of corvee and dues. A school for peasant children appeared in Upper Maza, and the owner himself often visited peasant huts and helped those in need with bread and money. The memory of his good deeds was preserved for a long time among the inhabitants of Upper Maza. But it was not easy for a restless nature to keep himself within the framework of a rural estate, and he gladly left the province at any opportunity to meet again with his closest friends of those years - Pushkin, Vyazemsky or Yazykov. In addition, his older sons were growing up, and they had to be sent to educational institutions.

Unfortunately, traces of the Davydov estate have not survived to our time. But it is known for certain that the ancient Davydov family did not stop, and many of his descendants, like their legendary ancestor, devoted themselves to serving the Fatherland.

You can talk about the descendants of D.V. Davydov a lot, but in this work we will focus on the personalities of only some of them, relying primarily on an invaluable source - the diary of Sofya Nikolaevna Butorova, the daughter of the second son of Denis Davydov, stored in the funds of the Syzran archive Samara region.

One of the sons - Denis Denisovich Davydov - married Olga Semyonovna Khlyustina. In this marriage, a daughter, Catherine, was born. After the death of Denis Denisovich, Olga Semyonovna married the well-known homeopathic doctor Karl Karlovich Boyanus, and gave birth to five more children, including a daughter, Vera, who became the abbess of the Polotsk Spaso-Evfrosinevsky convent under the name Nina. The daughter of Denis Denisovich and Olga Semyonovna, Ekaterina, later became the wife of Sergei Vasilievich Moiseenko-Veliky. Traces of this branch of the Davydov family today lead researchers to Paris.

The youngest son of the poet-partisan - Vadim Denisovich - rose to the rank of major general. He was a participant in hostilities in the Caucasus, was the chief of staff of an infantry division, commanded an infantry regiment

From the book of S.N. Butorova “My Memoirs” we learn: “My father, Nikolai Denisovich Davydov, was born on January 27, 1825, was the second son of Denis Vasilyevich Davydov and his wife Sofia Nikolaevna. At the age of 10, he was sent to the ensign school. Having married, he settled in Maza. .

Nikolai Denisovich and Sofia Petrovna had five children. The author of the memoirs, the daughter of Nikolai Denisovich, Sofya Nikolaevna, had a separate estate on the Vyazova farm. Being the heiress of two well-known families in Russia, the Davydovs and Bestuzhevs, she lived here with her husband, Lieutenant of the Life Guards of the Lancers Regiment Vladimir Butorov and children.

Teachers and students of the Verkhmazinsk school tremblingly keep in the school museum the copied diaries of their daughter, Yulia Vladimirovna Butorova, which in 1980 became a sensational find in the Samara archive. From them we learn that during the First World War, this fragile girl went to the front and served for two years in the advanced ambulance train of the Red Cross. For her courage, Yulia Vladimirovna was awarded two, and according to other sources, four St. George's crosses.

The events of 1812 are moving further and further away from us. History brings us the names of new heroes. But the experience of the Patriotic War of the 19th century and centuries later does not let us forget that history is made by people. Denis Vasilyevich Davydov, his children, grandchildren - great-grandchildren have worked hard for the prosperity and glorification of our Fatherland both on the battlefields and in other fields. We, the inhabitants of the Volga region, have a special right to be proud of our countrymen from the Davydov family - their names and deeds

Literature:

Butorova S.N. "My memories of 1862-1917", Syzran branch of the Central State Archive of the Samara Region" (Fund No. I-63; inventory No. 2; file No. 1)
Efimov I. Hussar and the Volga region. / Samara and Gubernia. – 2011, No. 3
History of the Radishevsky region. Information about nobles. / Author - compiler M. A. Kachalina. - http://www.radishevskykray.ru/index/svedenija_o_dvorjanakh/
Manlakova N. On the pedigree of D.V. Davydov. - MOU Verkhnemazinskaya secondary school them. D.V. Davydov.
Molchanov A. Syzran diaries brought to Paris. http://www.riasamara.ru/rus/news/region/
http://monomax.sisadminoy.net/

Keywords: estate, landowner, Upper Maza.

Annotation: The article traces the path of Denis Davydov, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, after the end of his military service as a landowner of the Simbirsk province, as well as the contribution of his children and grandchildren to the development of the Middle Volga region, Russia.

Connections

Denis Vasilievich Davydov(July 16, Moscow - April 22 [May 4], Verkhnyaya Maza village, Syzran district, Simbirsk province) - ideologist and one of the commanders of the partisan movement during the Patriotic War of 1812, lieutenant general, the most prominent representative of the so-called. hussar poetry.

Biography

Davydov's childhood

Representative of the old noble family Davydov. Born in the family of brigadier Vasily Denisovich Davydov (1747 -1808), who served under the command of A.V. Suvorov, in Moscow. A significant part of his childhood years were spent in a military situation in Little Russia and Slobozhanshchina, where his father served, commanding the Poltava Light Horse Regiment, and was the birthplace of his mother, the daughter of the Kharkov Governor-General E. Shcherbinin. Denis early joined the military, learned to ride well. But he was constantly tormented by his nondescript appearance: small stature (in his father, who was noticeably shorter than his mother) and a small, snub-nosed “button” nose.

At the end of the 18th century, the fame of the great Suvorov thundered throughout Russia, to whom Denis treated with extraordinary respect. Once, when the boy was nine years old, he happened to see the famous commander, he came to visit them on the estate. Alexander Vasilievich, looking at the two sons of Vasily Denisovich, said that Denis “this daring one will be a military man, I will not die, but he will win three battles already,” and Evdokim will go to the civil service. Denis remembered this meeting for the rest of his life.

Service after World War II

Denis Davydov, 1814.

After the Patriotic War of 1812, Denis Davydov got into trouble. Initially, he was sent to command a dragoon brigade, which stood near Kiev. Like every hussar, Denis despised the dragoons. Then he was informed that the rank of major general had been assigned to him by mistake, and that he was a colonel. And to top it all, Colonel Davydov is transferred to serve in the Oryol province as the commander of a horse-jäger brigade. This was the last straw, since he had to lose his hussar mustache, his pride. Jaegers were not supposed to have mustaches. He wrote a letter to the king that he could not fulfill the order because of his mustache. Denis was waiting for his resignation and disgrace, but the tsar, when they reported to him, was in a good mood: “Well! Let him remain a hussar." And he appointed Denis to the hussar regiment with ... the return of the rank of major general.

In 1815, Denis Davydov was elected a member of Arzamas with the nickname "Armenian". Together with Pushkin and Vyazemsky, he represents the branch of the Arzamas circle in Moscow. After the collapse of the Conversations, the controversy with the Shishkovists ended, and in 1818 Arzamas disintegrated. In 1815, Davydov served as chief of staff, first in the 7th and then in the 3rd corps.

His last campaign was in 1831 - against the Polish insurgents. Fought well. “Davydov’s military merits were respected this time, as, perhaps, in no previous war. In addition to the Order of Anna of the 1st class, awarded to him for the capture of Vladimir-Volynsky (although the Main Apartment for this successfully carried out operation by D. Davydov presented him to the Order of St. George of the 3rd degree, but the new sovereign followed in the footsteps of the former and also considered it necessary to downplay an award to a partisan poet), he received the rank of lieutenant general for a stubborn battle near the Budzinsky forest, where, by the way, he again had to cross arms with an enemy known back in 1812 - the Polish general Turno; "for excellent courage and diligence" during a heated battle at the crossings on the Vistula, Davydov was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 2nd degree; and to this, for the entire Polish campaign, there is also a Polish insignia "Virtuti militari" 2nd class. Leaving the army, Denis Vasilievich firmly knew that he had completed his last campaign in his life. He didn't want to fight anymore. Now only a mortal threat to his dear fatherland could force him to pick up his tried and tested hussar saber again. However, thank God, such a threat was not foreseen in the foreseeable future.

Achievement list

September 28, 1801 - entered the service as an Estandart Junker in the Cavalier Guard Regiment.
1802 - promoted to cornet.
November 2, 1803 - promoted to lieutenant.
September 13, 1804 - transferred as a captain to the Belarusian hussar regiment.
July 4, 1806 - transferred to the lieutenant of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment.
January 3, 1807 - appointed adjutant to Lieutenant General Prince Bagration.
January 15, 1807 - promoted to staff captain.
March 4, 1810 - promoted to captain.
April 17, 1812 - transferred to the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment as a lieutenant colonel.
October 31, 1812 - promoted to colonel for distinction in service.
December 21, 1815 - for distinction in the battle of Larotiere, he was promoted to major general, with the appointment to be with the head of the 1st Dragoon Division.
March 14, 1816 - appointed to be with the head of the 2nd Cavalry Chasseur Division.
May 22, 1816 - appointed to be with the head of the 2nd Hussars Division.
November 7, 1816 - appointed brigadier commander of the 1st brigade of the same division.
February 19, 1818 - appointed chief of staff of the 7th Infantry Corps.
February 22, 1819 - appointed chief of staff of the 3rd Infantry Corps.
March 17, 1820 - with dismissal on leave abroad, he was appointed to be with the cavalry.
November 14, 1823 - dismissed from service due to illness, with a uniform.
March 23, 1826 - assigned to the service, with the appointment to be with the cavalry.
September 10, 1826 - appointed to the Caucasian separate corps as temporary commander of troops on the Erivan border during the war with Persia.
November 25, 1826 - dismissed on leave, from which he was allowed to return to Russia.
October 6, 1831 - promoted to lieutenant general for distinction in battle.
May 28, 1839 - excluded from the lists of the deceased.

In campaigns and battles was:

in Prussia, in 1807, on January 24, near Wolfsdorf, for distinction he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class, with a bow; 25 - near Landsberg, 26 and 27 - near Preussish-Eylau; May 25 - near Gutstadt; 28 - near Heilberg, for distinction he was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class; June 2, near Friedland, for distinction he was awarded a gold saber with the inscription "for courage", the Prussian order "For dignity" and the gold Preussish-Eylau cross;
in Finland, in 1808, he occupied the island of Carloe with a detachment of Cossacks and participated in cases near Bagestat, Lappo, Perkho, Karstula, Kuortane, Salmi, Orovais, Gamle-Karleby, while capturing the Aland Islands, where, commanding a detachment of Cossacks, he drove out the enemy from Bene Island and occupied it, and when crossing the Swedish coast near Grisselgam;
in 1809, in Turkey, during the capture of Machin and Girsov; in the battle of Rassevat; when imposing the fortress of Silistria; in the battle near Tataritsa;
in 1810, during the capture of Silistria; near Shumla, for which he was awarded St. Anna's diamond marks of the 2nd class, and during an attack by Ruschuk;
in 1812, June 26, near Mir, June 1, near Romanov, near Catan, where he commanded a night expedition, on August 3, 11 - near Dorogobuzh, 14 - near Maximov, 19 - near Rozhdestve, 21 - near Popovka, 23 - under Pokrov, 24 - near Borodino; from September 2 to October 18, he commanded a party of riders in the vicinity of Vyazma, Dorogobuzh and Gzhatsk, during this time he captured 3560 lower ranks, 43 headquarters and chief officers and many transports, shells and food, for which he was awarded the rank of colonel; then he was in business: October 28, near Lyakhov, 29 - near Smolensk, November 2 and 4, near Krasnoy, November 9, near Kopys, where he utterly defeated the cavalry depot of the French army, 14 - near Belinichi; for distinction he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th class; occupied the city of Grodno with his detachment on December 8, and was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class, for distinction;
In 1813, was in action near Kalisz, February 1; occupied the city of Dresden with his detachment on March 12, and participated in the battles: on April 27, near Dresden, on May 8 and 9, near Bautzen, on May 10, near Reichenbach and in all rearguard matters until the armistice, commanding a party of riders: on September 8, under Lutzen, 10 - near Zeitz, 12 and 16 - near Altenburg, 18 - near Penig, October 4 and 6, near Leipzig;
in 1814, was in business: January 14 and 15, near Brienne-Lechateau, 17 - under Larotiere, was awarded the rank of major general for distinction, 30 - near Momiral, 31 - near Chatotieri, February 11, near Mary, 23 - under Craon, 25 and 26 - near Laon, March 13, near Ferchampenoise;
in Persia, in 1826, he commanded troops on the Erivan border near Amamli; September 20, near Mirag; defeated the enemy corps under the command of Gassan Khan on September 21, and entered the Persian borders near the Sudagend tract on September 22;
in the campaign of 1831 with the Polish rebels, commanding a separate unit, on April 6, he took the city of Vladimir-on-Volyn by storm and, on September 14, was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 1st class, for the excellent courage and bravery shown in this battle; April 29, pursued Khrzhanovsky's corps to the fortress of Zamostye; July 7, crossing the river. Veprzh in the ford, participated in the battle at the village. Budzisko with the corps of the rebels Romarino and Jankowski and was promoted to lieutenant general for his distinction in this matter; On July 28, he was in action during the reflection of the Ruzhitsky corps, which made an attack on the bridge fortification, arranged near Podgurzha, on the left bank of the Vistula, and for the excellent courage and diligence shown in these cases, was awarded, on May 21, 1832, the Order of St. Vladimir 2 Art. and for the entire campaign the insignia "For Military Dignity" 2nd class.

Personal life

The first time Davydov fell in love with Aglaya Antonovna (Aglaya Angelica Gabriel) de Gramont. But she chose to marry his cousin, the tall cavalry guard colonel A. L. Davydov.

Then he fell in love with a young ballerina - Tatyana Ivanova. Despite the fact that Denis stood for hours under the windows of the ballet school, she married her choreographer. Davydov was very worried about this.

While serving near Kiev, Davydov once again fell in love. His chosen one was the Kyiv niece of the Raevskys - Liza Zlotnitskaya. At the same time, the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature elected him as their full member. He was very proud, since he himself did not dare to call himself a poet before.

An indispensable condition of Liza's parents was that Denis would rent the state estate from the sovereign (this was a form of state support for people who were not rich, but distinguished themselves in the service). Davydov went to Petersburg to work. V. A. Zhukovsky, who simply adored Davydov, helped a lot. With his help, Davydov was quickly granted "in connection with the upcoming marriage" for rent the state estate of Balta, which brought six thousand rubles a year.

But then he got another blow. While he was busy in St. Petersburg, Lisa became interested in Prince Peter Golitsyn. The prince was a gambler and a reveler, besides, he was recently expelled from the guard for some dark deeds. But he was extraordinarily handsome. Davydov was denied. Moreover, Lisa did not even want to see him, passing the refusal through her father.

Davydov was very upset by Lisa's refusal. All his friends began to save him and for this they arranged a meeting for him with the daughter of the late General Nikolai Chirkov, Sophia. She was at that time already in adulthood- 24 years. But friends vied with each other to praise her. Pretty, modest, reasonable, kind, well-read. And he made up his mind. Moreover, he was already 35 years old. But the wedding was almost upset, because the mother of the bride, having learned about his “chalice songs”, ordered Davydov to be refused as a drunkard, a rogue and a gambler. The friends of the late husband barely persuaded her, explaining that General Davydov does not play cards, he drinks little - and these are just poems. After all, he is a poet!

Prose

Davydov's prose articles are divided into two categories: articles that are in the nature of personal memoirs, and articles that are historical and polemical. Of the first, the most famous are: “Meeting with the great Suvorov”, “Meeting with Field Marshal Count Kamensky”, “Memories of the battle of Preussisch-Eylau”, “Tilsit in 1807”, “Diaries of partisan actions” and “Notes on the Polish campaign of 1831 G.". In terms of the value of the reported data, these military memoirs still retain the importance of important sources for the history of the war of that era. The second category includes: “Did the frost destroy the French army”, “Correspondence with Walter Scott”, “Remarks on the obituary of H. H. Raevsky” and some others.

Davydov's collected works went through six editions; of these, the three-volume editions of 1860 and 1893, ed. A. O. Krugly (adj. to the journal "North")

perpetuation of memory

On the occasion of the 176th anniversary of the birth of D.V. Davydov, on July 16, 1960, a monument to D.V. Davydov was erected in the village of Verkhnyaya Maza, Radishevsky District, Ulyanovsk Region. Davydov is immortalized in military uniform.
On the eve of the 200th anniversary of the birth of D.V. Davydov, on May 19, 1984, his bust was unveiled in Penza. The peculiarity of the monument is that Davydov is immortalized not in military uniform, as he was usually depicted, but in civilian clothes of that time. This emphasizes that the monument to him was erected primarily as a poet.
According to one of the assumptions, Davydov served as the prototype of the character of the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Vasily Denisov.
On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Patriotic War, in 1962, the feature film "Hussar Ballad" was shot, in which Davyd Denisov(Denis Davydov) as commander of a partisan detachment. Also to this date, postage stamps of the USSR were issued, one of which is dedicated to Davydov.
In 1980, the film "A Squadron of Flying Hussars" was made about Denis Davydov.
About Denis Davydov (and on his behalf) a book by Andrey Belyanin "The Hunt for the Hussar" was written.
In Vladivostok, there is Denis Davydov Street, and his bust is installed in the square at the beginning of the street.
there is Denis Davydov street in Moscow, Kazan, Novosibirsk, Orel, Perm.
A bust of Denis Davydov was erected in Ufa.
In Sumy, Ukraine, near the building where Davydov and other officers once lived, a full-length bronze monument to Davydov was erected in December 2011.

In numismatics

Bibliography before 1914

Russian biographical dictionary, ed. Russian Historical Society, - St. Petersburg, (Art. A. Petrov).
Sadovsky B., "Russian Stone", - M.,

Name: Denis Davydov

Age: 54 years old

Place of Birth: Moscow

A place of death: V. Maza village, Ulyanovsk region

Activity: poet of hussar poetry, hero of the war of 1812

Family status: was married

Denis Davydov - Biography

Denis Davydov is the only partisan commander of the Patriotic War of 1812 about whom a feature film was made. However, the film version of the hero's fate is somewhat different from his real story.

In 1980, the film Squadron of the Flying Hussars appeared on the cinema screens of the USSR with Andrei Rostotsky in the role of a partisan poet. It's a great movie, but the directors didn't take it very seriously. historical facts. Thus, the film convinces us that it was the Lieutenant Colonel of the Life Guards of the Hussar Regiment Davydov who, on the eve of the Battle of Borodino, was the first in the army to put forward the idea of organizing a partisan movement in the rear of the French troops.

In addition, the audience was assured that this idea did not have support in the military top. To implement it, Davydov tricked into Kutuzov's private quarters. In a word, before us is a complete portrait of a military poetic hooligan. And how was it really?

On July 22, 1812, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, General Barclay de Tolly, ordered the formation and dispatch of sabotage and reconnaissance detachments of volunteers from Cossacks, hussars and lancers to the rear of the advancing French troops. The partisan movement was supervised by generals Winzengerode (the first to lead the detachment to the rear of the French) and Benkendorf (the future head of the gendarmes). These three raised the "club of the Russian people's war».

Therefore, when on August 21, 1812, Lieutenant Colonel Davydov with 50 hussars and 80 Cossacks remained in the rear of the French, a detachment of artillery officer Alexander Figner was already heroic there. So the poet-hussar was not the "pioneer" of partisan actions. But I decided to raise the peasants, and it was because of what.

This is for us the village of Borodino - the address of the Battle of Borodino. And for Denis Vasilievich - the estate of his father, where he spent his childhood. In front of Davydov's eyes, his home was dismantled: materials were needed for the construction of redoubts on the Borodino field. The impoverished serfs, whose huts were also demolished, surrounded the young master: “What are we to do, breadwinner?” - "Come with me to the forest!" - suggested the landowner commander ... Of course, the self-armament of the serfs did not find approval among the landlords in generals and officers' epaulettes. Napoleon - of course, evil, but what if liberation war will be reborn into a new "Pugachevshchina"?

How partisan Davydov fought in the war of 1812 is known. But after its completion, his military service did not end, as shown in the film. Although the real fact of the military bureaucracy is shown on the movie screen: Davydov was promoted to major general by decree of Alexander I of January 20, 1814. However, later, due to the double submission to the same rank, the signing of the decree was postponed. As a result, Davydov became a major general from the cavalry only on December 21, 1815, but with seniority from January 20, 1814. And the reason was not so much confusion in office work, but the revenge of the courtiers for the sharp epigrams of the young cavalry guard in the recent past.

Began military service Denis Vasilyevich in the regiment of cavalry guards, where at first they did not want to take him for his small stature and fragile (in comparison with the cavalry guards heroes) physique. Nevertheless, they accepted, but in the regiment they looked derisively and condescendingly at the newcomer - in the literal and figurative sense. The ambitious Davydov responded with malicious epigrams and caustic rhymes, the heroes of which were both superiors and even imperial persons ...

The "specialists" and "political workers" of that era also did not doze off. Judging that an officer with such free thoughts could not be kept in the emperor's retinue, he was exiled with a promotion to two ranks at once in the Belarusian Hussar Regiment. And when the caustic hussar was introduced to the rank of general, they arranged it so that Denis Vasilyevich served for almost two years ... without military insignia.

In fact, which ones would you like to sew? The absurdity of the situation was corrected by the emperor, in whose name Davydov himself wrote a report. And continued to serve. In 1828, he took part in the war with Persia, fought in the Caucasus in the corps of General Yermolov. Perhaps he called him to his headquarters as a specialist already in the "anti-partisan" war.

The last time Denis Vasilyevich broke away from literature and family troubles for the sake of the war in 1830, he went to fight with the Polish partisans. In 1831, Nikolay, without any delay, promoted Davydov to the rank of lieutenant general from the cavalry, but sent him not to resign, but on indefinite leave, that is, to the reserve.

“I love a bloody battle / I was born for the royal service! / A saber, vodka, a hussar horse - / I have a golden age with you!” - the style of the partisan poet is well recognizable. A bloodthirsty grunt, an eternally intoxicated poet and a conqueror of ladies' hearts at balls - such a characteristic "stuck" firmly to him and almost upset the wedding. But more on that later.

Few people know the memoirs of General Davydov about his participation in the war against the highlanders in the Caucasus and about the pacification of the rebellious Poles. Which is understandable: in our view, a romantic poet and patriot cannot serve as a punisher. Served.

But the most interesting forgotten work of Denis Vasilyevich is written by him on the instructions of the Military Ministry: "Experience and Theory of Partisan Actions." In it, he summarized and analyzed his raids on the French rear in 1812.

Denis Davydov - biography of personal life

The father's estate Borodino after 1812 was not subject to restoration. But in April 1819, General Davydov married the daughter of General Chirkov, Sofia. True, at first the future mother-in-law flatly refused to bless the marriage: she did not forget the enthusiastic rhymes of a potential son-in-law about vodka, pipe, saber and cards. The groom's friends convinced her, proving that all these "cornet pranks" of youth are in the distant past.

And down the aisle will go a respectable man and a illustrious general, hung with military orders. That her daughter will one day become a general. That there are many generals, and literary talent - Davydov - is one. And the general's wife Chirkova waved her hand: send matchmakers!

The family union was successful, brought 9 children, and as a dowry - an estate in the Simbirsk province of Upper Maza. In addition to the rich manor house, there were also serfs - 164 souls. The well-fed warm Volga region is not the war-ravaged, depopulated Smolensk region. And Davydov remained on the Volga. A measured peaceful life, an office with manuscripts, a loving wife and children... It was in 1806 that cornet Davydov snuck into Field Marshal Kamensky's bedroom at night, demanding that he be immediately sent to the active army: the venerable General Davydov left home for the war with the Polish insurgents with a huge reluctantly.

The partisan commander of 1812, General Benckendorff, released all his serfs into the wild without ransom. The singer of freedom, General Davydov, did not rise to such a "wish" - he did not even thank his "Borodino" peasants, with whom he fought in the forests, with his will.

In 1837, on the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, he visited his native places for the last time. He commanded the guard of honor for the transfer of the ashes of General Bagration to the Borodino field, at the same time sold part of the land belonging to him and his sister for construction memorial complex Borodino.

General Davydov died relatively young - at the age of 54 - from apoplexy. His sons made a good career in the imperial army, but they did not deserve either the general's epaulettes or literary fame.

And we are still reviewing the film "Squadron of Flying Hussars" with bated breath. And we listen, we listen to the delightful romances of Denis Vasilyevich.

DAVYDOV DENIS VASILIEVICH (1784 - 1839) - lieutenant general, ideologist and leader of the partisan movement, participant in the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian poet of the Pushkin Pleiades.

Born July 27, 1784 in Moscow, in the family of brigadier Vasily Denisovich Davydov, who served under the command of A.V. Suvorov. A significant part of the childhood years of the future hero passed in a military situation in Little Russia and Slobozhanshchina, where his father served, commanding the Poltava light horse regiment. Once, when the boy was nine years old, Suvorov came to visit them. Alexander Vasilyevich, looking at the two sons of Vasily Denisovich, said that Denis "this daring one will be a military man, I will not die, but he will win three battles already." Denis remembered this meeting and the words of the great commander for the rest of his life.

“The little rake threw the Psalter, waved his saber, gouged out the uncle’s eye, pierced the nanny’s hat and cut off the tail of the greyhound dog, thinking thereby to fulfill the prophecy of the great man. The rod turned him to the world and to the doctrine.” So this event was presented in the biography of Denis Davydov, allegedly compiled by some kind of “colleague” of the author. Contemporaries did not immediately recognize in this biography a witty and artistically vivid autobiography. So, Denis Davydov speaks of himself in the third person: “The great Suvorov blessed him: this blessing threw him into combat accidents for a full thirty years ... Peace and tranquility - and there is no rumor about Davydov, it’s as if he doesn’t exist in the world; but war blows - and he is already here, sticking out in the middle of the battles like a Cossack peak. Peace again - and Davydov is again in his steppes, again a citizen, family man, plowman, hunter, poet, admirer of beauty ... "

In 1801, Davydov entered the service of the Guards Cavalry Guard Regiment and the following year he was promoted to cornet, and in November 1803 to lieutenant. Because of the satirical poems, he was transferred from the guard to the Belarusian hussar regiment with the rank of captain. From the beginning of 1807, Denis Davydov, as an adjutant to P.I.Bagration, took part in military operations against Napoleon in East Prussia. For exceptional bravery shown in the battle of Preussisch-Eylau, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir IV degree.

Not having the natural data of a cavalry guard (Denis was small in stature, and tall and stately people were usually taken to the regiment), he nevertheless made his way into the guard and became an standard junker of the guard cavalry regiment. “They tied our undergrowth to a huge broadsword, lowered him into deep boots and covered the sanctuary of his poetic genius with flour and a triangular hat,” wrote the “colleague”. However, Davydov did not stay long in the cavalry guards. The freedom-loving spirit, the independence of nature, the fierce hatred of mediocre sycophants and ignorant upstarts for the rest of his life doomed him to mistrust on the part of the authorities.

Moreover, Denis Vasilyevich's considerable poetic talent was manifested, which gave his moods and thoughts a sharp, satirical, artistically vivid form. For the fable "Head and Feet" in 1803, Davydov was expelled from the guard and sent to Kyiv in the outback, to the army hussar regiment. After some time, he was forgiven, but forever remained under suspicion with the government. Even the military glory and partisan successes of 1812 changed this attitude. He was bypassed by ranks, not in a hurry with awards, and in 1814, having appropriated the rank of general, they were selected: they say, a mistake came out. True, they later returned him, and with the rank of major general, he retired in 1823, never reconciling his soul with the outrages perpetrated by the tsarist government.

You rightly think
So that the hussar, the pet of glory,
I loved only the bloody battle
And he was an apostate of love.
Cupid is not always a shepherd
He plays the flute incessantly:
He often, bored with the staff,
He walks with a hussar saber;
He often bravery fire
Feeds the flame of love -
And the cuter he is!
He often with a formidable drum
The sound of love words interferes;
He is so under the dolman to us
Inspires brutality and love.
Our heart does not always desire
Hear a groan, see a fight...
Ah, often the hussar sighs,
And in his shako in the spring
The dove is making a nest...

The literary fame of the poet-hussar, a thoughtless brave man and unrestrained reveler, somehow merged with the partisan glory of Davydov and turned into a kind of legend - perhaps justified from the point of view of a purely poetic, but not testable biography of Denis Vasilyevich. Even a “colleague” characterizes Davydov’s literary pursuits in an emotionally elevated tone:

“Most of his poems smell like a bivouac. They were written on halts, on day trips, between two shifts, between two battles, between two wars; these are test handwritings of a pen made for writing reports ... These poems were recruited into some Moscow printing houses by the same means as they once recruited all sorts of vagabonds into the hussar regiments: at noisy meals, at merry feasts, in the midst of wild revelry.

You don't have to look far for examples:

“Let's knock the cup with the cup together,
Today it’s still leisure to drink”…

“Not a word, a column of smoke,
not a word, everything is dead
drink and bow down
fall asleep well."

Or like this:

“For God's sake, give me the phone
Put the bottles in front of us
call all riders
Twisted mustaches…

One involuntarily gets the impression that the author was an incorrigible drunkard and a reckless reveler. However, on this account there is objective evidence of Vyazemsky: “It will not be superfluous to note that the singer of wine and merry drinking parties in this regard was somewhat poetic. A cordial and pleasant drinking buddy, he was actually rather modest and sober. He did not justify the proverb: drunk and smart, two lands in it. He was smart, but never drunk. Rumors about Davydov's love victories were just as exaggerated, although, as a war hero, a charming and witty man, he really enjoyed success with women (for example, Olga Sergeevna Pushkina was in love with him, not hiding it too much).

The poetic talent of Denis Davydov was revered by everyone: from recognized writers to simple bookworms. Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Baratynsky, Yazykov and many others dedicated their poems to the brave partisan. Pushkin, who personally met the hussar poet in the winter of 1818-1819 in St. Petersburg, carried his enthusiastic passion for “Denis the Brave” through his whole life. And he even seriously claimed that it was Davydov who was indebted for the fact that in his youth he did not succumb to the influence of fashionable poets (Zhukovsky and Batyushkov) and "felt the opportunity to be original."

I listen to you and my heart grows younger
I love the heat of your words,
Sad, I'm on fire again
Remembrance of the old days.
(A.S. Pushkin about D.V. Davydov)

During Russian-Swedish war 1808-1809 in the detachment of Kulnev he went through all of Finland to Uleaborg, occupied the island of Carlier with the Cossacks and, returning to the vanguard, retreated across the ice of the Gulf of Bothnia. In 1809, during Russian-Turkish war Davydov was under Prince Bagration, who commanded troops in Moldova, participated in the capture of Machin and Girsovo, in the battle of Rassevat. When Bagration was replaced by Count Kamensky, he entered the vanguard of the Moldavian army under the command of Kulnev, where, according to him, "he completed the course of an outpost school begun in Finland."

“Colonel Davydov, nicknamed the black captain, colonel of the Russian Akhtyr hussars. First officer to be repulsed as a partisan in the 1812 campaign. He terrified a common enemy along the entire line of French communication under the name of the black captain. The owner of the village of Borodino, where the famous battle took place. Also an outstanding poet.”

At the beginning of the war of 1812, Davydov, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment, was in the vanguard troops of General Vasilchikov. When Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief, Davydov, with the permission of Bagration, appeared to the most illustrious prince and asked for a partisan detachment to be in his command. After the battle of Borodino, the Russian army moved to Moscow, and Davydov, with a small detachment of 50 hussars and 80 Cossacks, went west, to the rear of the French army. Soon the successes of his detachment led to the full-scale deployment of the partisan movement. In one of the very first sorties, Davydov managed to capture 370 Frenchmen, while recapturing 200 Russian prisoners, a cart with cartridges and nine carts with provisions. His detachment, at the expense of the peasants and the liberated prisoners, grew rapidly.

Silent hills, once bloody dale!
Give me your day, the day of eternal glory,
And the noise of weapons, and the battle, and the struggle!
My sword fell from my hands. my destiny
The strong trampled. The lucky ones are proud
As an involuntary plowman they drag me to the fields ...
Oh, take me to the fight, you battle-experienced
You, with your voice giving birth in the shelves
Enemies perished, anticipatory cliques,
Homeric leader1, Bagration the great?
Stretch out your hand to me, Raevsky, my hero!
Yermolov! I'm flying - lead me, I'm yours:
Oh, doomed to be victorious beloved son,
Cover me, cover your thunderbolts with smoke!

But where are you?.. Listen... No response! From the fields
The smoke of battle rushed off, the sound of swords is not heard,
And I, your pet, bowing my head at the plow,
I envy the bones of a colleague or friend.

Constantly maneuvering and attacking, Davydov's detachment haunted the Napoleonic army. Only in the period from September 2 to October 23, he captured about 3,600 enemy soldiers and officers. Napoleon hated Davydov and ordered him to be shot on the spot upon arrest. The French governor of Vyazma sent one of his best detachments to capture him, consisting of two thousand horsemen with eight chief officers and one staff officer. Davydov, who had half as many people, managed to drive the detachment into a trap and take him prisoner along with all the officers.

Oh dear friend, leave others guessing
The subject, doubtful for them,
Those fiery songs in which, admiring,
I glorified love, inflamed with love!
Let them look for whom I hit the lyre,
When the poets in the choir
Russian Terpsichore
Dedicated delight!
But you are not deluded
Whom in the imagination
I crowned with roses
Whose long eyelashes
The sound of a slender forearm
Betrayed to offspring!
And do I have a fire of desire
ignite in others,
Should I look for something new
In love of charm?
I'm only passionate about you!
Under the name of another
Only the strings praise you
And for you alone
I throw into the enemy line
Smashing peruny!
Intoxicated with delight
Ages I warn
And, myrtle is autumn,
I eat immortality.

During the retreat of the French army, Davydov, together with other partisans, continued to pursue the enemy. Davydov's detachment, together with the detachments of Orlov-Denisov, Figner and Seslavin, defeated and captured the two thousandth brigade of General Augereau near Lyakhov. Pursuing the retreating enemy, Davydov defeated a three thousandth cavalry depot near the city of Kopys, dispersed a large French detachment near Belynichi and, having reached the Neman, occupied Grodno. During the campaign of 1812, Davydov was awarded the Orders of St. Vladimir, 3rd class and St. George, 4th class.

Tell the exploits of the mustachioed hero,
Oh muse, tell me how Kulnev fought,
How he roamed among the snows in a shirt
And in the Finnish cap appeared in the middle of the battle.
Let him hear the light
Kulnev's quirks and the thunder of his victories.

Ruddy Levenhölm was preparing for battle
And, having tied a jabot, straightened his hair,
His Niland regiment rode out on nags,
Behind him and the whole corps of Klingspor groveled;
O brave enemies, whither are you heading?
Courage, they say, is nothing without a head.

Our Kulnev, like a falcon, started up before dawn;
He hurried his warriors to glory:
"Get up," he says, "get up, I'm awake!
Fight with the hunters! God of courage and strength!
For a cup, but on a horse, without holydays and undertakings;
The closer, the more visible, the easier it is to beat the villains!
Everything suddenly perked up, everything moved forward ...
O muse, tell the solemn march!

During the foreign campaign of the Russian army, Davydov distinguished himself in the battles of Kalisz and La Rothiere, entered Saxony with the vanguard, captured Dresden. For the heroism shown by Davydov during the storming of Paris, he was awarded the rank of major general. The fame of the brave Russian hero thundered throughout Europe. When Russian troops entered a city, all the inhabitants went out into the street and asked about him in order to see him.

After the war, Denis Davydov continued to serve in the army. He wrote poetry and military-historical memoirs, corresponded with famous writers of his era. Participated in the Russian-Persian war of 1826-1828. and in the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. He was married to Sofya Nikolaevna Chirkova, with whom he had 9 children. Last years D. V. Davydov spent his life in the village of Upper Maza, which belonged to his wife, where he died on April 22, 1839, at the age of 55, from an apoplexy. The ashes of the poet were transported to Moscow and buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.