The largest village in Russia. Why Russian villages are dying out Famous names of settlements

What in Russia, with all the desire, it is impossible to complain about - the lack of beautiful settlements. In this regard, the space is limitless: here are historical monuments, and wonderful landscapes, and the utmost naturalness, and even modern architectural finds. Let's talk about ten most picturesque villages in Russia(we give in a conditional order, since we would not like to distribute them in places, making up the top 10).

Vyatskoe

It is unlikely that this village, invariably included in all lists and ratings, needs to be introduced; suffice it to point out the fact that there are ten museums in the settlement, a colossal number of pre-revolutionary buildings. Nature is also conducive to relaxation and study: Vyatka is “framed” by rivers and valleys on all sides. This is an ideal option for those travelers who do not like to give up comfort: there are three hotels, a restaurant, and a cinema.

Kinerma

Getting here is not easy: the village is located in Karelia. Structure - seventeen structures, ten of which are architectural monuments. In the center you can see the cemetery of Catherine's time; there is also a restored chapel. There is a smoke sauna, a well, a barn; not without a small and already quite modern hotel.

space lake

The wonderful location near the lake, which is distinguished by its peculiar shape (similar to a river one), determines the popularity of the settlement. Hayfields, ancient huts, courtyards and, of course, the bewitching tented Assumption Church (built in 1720) - that's what will appear before the eyes of those who have arrived in the village.

Staraya Ladoga

Speaking about the oldest villages in Russia, it is impossible to omit the old Ladoga - a settlement whose history began more than a thousand years ago. Although not so many people live here today, once the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks” began in this place (it was one of the largest settlements in Ancient Russia).

Yasnaya Polyana

A trip to Yasnaya Polyana is recommended not only for those who are not indifferent to the classics of critical realism and connoisseurs of Leo Tolstoy's novels, but also for everyone who appreciates the combination of natural naturalness and architectural elegance. Being discreet, the village strikes the imagination precisely with its conciseness. Among the attractions: the writer's house, the remains of the greenhouse, the Middle Pond, the park.

Nikolo-Lenivets

Initially, the settlement did not stand out in any way: it seemed that Nikolo-Lenivets was another of the villages of Russia gradually falling into disrepair. However, thanks to the efforts of Vasily Shchetinin, a well-known enthusiastic architect, who appeared here, it turned into a real creative gallery of folk art. The most amazing thing is that absolutely everything here is made by hand.

Tarbagatai

There are many wonderful villages in Buryatia (among the famous ones: Desyatnikovo, Bolshoi Kunaley, Atsagat); the most famous of them is Varbagatai, which is located fifty-two kilometers from Ulan-Ude. Founded in the 18th century, the settlement at one time served as a home for the Old Believers; Until now, here you can see the buildings erected by them, which are distinguished by their colorful coloring, wonderful fences and unusual shutters.

Chamerevo

The village boasts a rich history: the family of the writer Griboedov (and Alexander Sergeevich himself in childhood) once lived here, and Ivan the Terrible came here. Also in the village is the holy spring of Alexander Nevsky. Panoramic landscapes around and the well-groomed village itself make this place one of the most interesting for Russian travelers.

Vorzogory

The village is located right on the shores of the White Sea and dates back to the 16th century. It was already known then: wooden ships for monks were built here Solovetsky Monastery. In the village itself, you can see the wooden temple of Zosima and Savvaty of Solovetsky (erected in the middle of the 19th century) and the “wooden tee”, consisting of the St. Nicholas Church (17th century), the Vvedenskaya Church (end of the 18th century) and the bell tower (18th century) .

Oshevensky Pogost

You should not be afraid of the name: the village of Pogost, which is also called Oshevensky Pogost, has been a wonderful place and one of the most beautiful villages in Russia for several centuries. Here is the monastery of St. Alexander Oshevensky, the Church of the Epiphany (18th century), the bell tower, Popov's house-yard.

There are seven villages with the name Khrenovo in Russia! This one is in the Ivanovo region. Photo: Andrey KARA

Stupid, Suchkino, Bukhalovo, Lokhovo, Khrenovo... Among the 170 thousand settlements of the country, we have chosen those that cannot be passed by without emotions

Of course, the Russian people have no problems with fantasy. But with the names of most settlements, apparently, they didn’t bother much. As a result, we have: approximately 44% of the names are repetitive. A third of them are named by name (Ivanovka, Mikhailovo, Aleksandrovka ...), and a quarter - by nature (Sosnovka, Berezovka, Kalinovka ...). It is understandable: before, without “brainstorming” and creative agencies somehow managed. But among the 165,000 rural settlements, 1,300 urban-type settlements and 1,100 cities of Russia, there are real "pearls" of extraordinary folk thought! Crashing into the memory of names - about a thousand. Together with the regional editions of KP, we selected two hundred of the most, in our opinion, the most strange and funny of them.

Let's start with the Perm region. There is a Tupiza village here. We don't know why it is so...

A photo: Alexey ZHURAVLEV

Or here is the village of Suchkino. I wonder how the locals feel about this name.

A photo: Alexey ZHURAVLEV

And the village of Putino. Also available.

And here is the village of Khomyaki. “Seems like someone is eating too much!?” - I remembered from the fairy tale about Winnie the Pooh.

The village of Antibes is located in the Kemerovo region. And with her Drachenino and Uporovka.

The Tyumen region is also famous for its long list of funny names. There is Kokuy, Partizan, Expanse, Vagina, Half, Plump, Shortness of breath, Goldobino, Sour, Beautiful, Nevolino, Elbows, Bad, Kinder, Cotton wool, Politotdelsky, Shot.

IN Chelyabinsk region, as in Bashkiria, it also has its own Paris. And Ferchanpenoise is available. And even the villages of Leipzig with Berlin.

There are such unusual villages in Udmurtia: Muki-Kaksi, Baldeyka, Podmoy, Kosolapovo, Karavai, Foals, Babino, Luke, Chur, Uzi. And the villages: Skates, Zabegalovo, Birch, Krasny Kustar, Bannoe, Roosters, Boar, Kozlovo, Sheep, Small Game and Big Game, Ubytdur, Grab, Vanya-Chumo, Adam.

But the most creative people, apparently, live in the Pskov region! The cities Dno, Opochka, Pytalovo are lit there ... And the villages: Ulcers, Torchilovo, Babki, Badgers, Bolshoy Khochozh, Sos, Grace, New Opel, Lobok ...

Kozyulki, Washcloths, Kissing, Teeth, Crooked Hats, Lamons, Undersized ...

And also Zhizhitsa, Mokriks, Swellings, Buttocks, Redseat, Ale, Grandfather-Kabak, Bald-Flies, Zanogi, Quickly, Big Wands, New Life.

In the Sverdlovsk region, there are such cities: Nizhnie Sergi, Rezh, Novaya Lyalya (and the village of Staraya Lyalya - this is all Novolyalinsky urban district). And the villages - Upper Sinyachikha, Lower Sinyachikha, Laya, Red Adui.

In the Yaroslavl region - Gore-Mud, Pshenichishche, Zhupeevo, Bukhalovo.

IN Voronezh region there is Khrenishche.

In Kaluga - the village of Zhivotinki. The name is quite harmless and to the point: after all, a livestock farm is located here.

In the Lipetsk region there is a village Zasosnaya. In Vologda there are as many as two villages with the name End (and there are eight of them in Russia).

In Crimea, there is the city of Saki, from which the locals made the city of Psaki. Thus, they allegedly banned the entry of the famous American woman.

There are also quite a few unusual and funny names in the Trans-Baikal Territory. For example, in the Priargunsky district there is the village of Duroy. There is also the village of Klichka, which is named after a mining engineer. In the Sretensky district there is a village Bolshiye Boty. Not far from the regional capital there is a village Ulety. And in the Chernyshevsky district there is the village of Ukurei. In Khiloksky district - Khokhotuy.

And in the Murmansk region there is the village of Afrikanda. Under the snow, Afrikanda looks especially exotic.

In the Saratov region there is a village Lokh.

And in Omsk - Babezh, Big scourges, Big purrs, Lupus, Zagvazdino, Couch, Prishib. In Samara - the village of Koshki (this is the sister city of Myshkin, Yaroslavl Region). In Penza - Tatarskaya Pendelka, Chulpan, Bogdanikha, Bright Way, Frontier, GAI. In the Vladimir region, the following stand out: the village of Krasnaya Gorbatka, the village of Perebor, the village of Likhaya Pozhnya. In Bryansk - Mamai, Bibiki, Zaitsev Dvor, Crimea, Varna, Bald, New Scales, Ushcherpye, Gobiks, Badgers, Byakovo, Sluchok, New World, Cheerful, Hooks, Bobrik, Gnilevo, Usokh, Lizogubovka, Spoons, Ugrevishche, Shiryaevka, Shapkino ... And in the Khabarovsk Territory there is a village of Kondon. In the Smolensk region - the village of Boduny. In Tambov - Bolshaya Rzhaksa.

In Mordovia, you can find settlements with the following names: Piksiasi, Chudinka, Red Warrior, Syryatino, Sialeevsky Maidan. In Chuvashia - the village of Bolshoe Murashkino, the village of Experienced, the village of Khachiki. In Mari El - the village of Surok.

in Troitsky administrative district Moscow has the village of Babenki.

And in the Ryazan region there was once a village Lost heaven. Now no one lives there. This is a tract. It seems that a much more friendly atmosphere is in the local village of Good Bees.

In the Kostroma region there is a village Pyankovo.

BY THE WAY

5 interesting facts about settlements in Russia

1) The settlement "Central estate of the state farm named after the 40th anniversary of the Great October Revolution" - the longest name of the settlement in the country. I wonder if it annoys the locals to have to pronounce or write this ho-hoo-long name somewhere in the documents?

2) Verkhnenovokutlumbetyevo and Starokozmodemyanovskoe - the longest continuous names of settlements. It seems that they have been there since childhood, and everyone is ready to work as an announcer on TV. After all, until you say where you are from ...

3) Names of two letters in Russia are 46 settlements. Of these, 11 - Yar. And there is, for example, Yb - in Komi there are as many as three villages with the same name. Remember this to stun your opponents when playing "city-village".

4) There are only two settlements in the country with the name Y. These are Yoshkar-Ola and Yosefovka (a village in the Smolensk region).

5) And the names of 27 settlements in Russia begin with the letter Y. Almost all of them are in Yakutia. These are, for example, Ytyk-Kyuel and Ylymakh. In general, there are cities in our country with absolutely all letters, excluding the soft and hard signs, of course.

And what funny names of settlements in Russia do you know? We are waiting for your comments!

For a long time, Russian villages were forgotten, which is completely unreasonable. Of course, some of them are in a deplorable state, while others are completely abandoned and disappeared from the face of the earth.

According to the 2010 census, there are more than 150,000 rural settlements in Russia. And certainly there will be a few to compete for the title of the most beautiful. And in 2014, the Most Beautiful Villages Association was established, which supports the development of rural tourism. Let's take a little virtual tour of some of these villages.

The village of Bolshoi Kunaley, Buryatia

The village of Big Kunaley is located on the banks of the Kunaleyka River. The village appeared at the beginning of the 18th century and has been living its measured and calm life ever since. There are few inhabitants in the village - about a thousand people.

The peculiarity of the village is its houses. Built of timber, they are all painted in bright colors, with carved shutters and painted fences, and are somewhat reminiscent of a children's fairy tale.

Vyatskoye, Yaroslavl region

The village of Vyatskoye received the title of the most beautiful village in 2015. The village is actively developing in the field of tourism, there are only ten museums here. The houses here were rebuilt in the 18th-19th centuries, they once belonged to merchants, and some were drinking establishments. There are thirty monuments of cultural and historical heritage here, so there is definitely something to see. And tourists have chosen the village: in 2014 alone, 80,000 travelers visited it.

Desyatnikovo, Buryatia

Another village from Buryatia impresses with its brilliance: the houses here are painted with bright colors, and all this goes well with the green hills and endless expanses surrounding the village. Russia is truly felt here, immense and beautiful: around the age-old forest, untouched valleys with pure springs, berries and mushrooms, as well as the steppe.

Oshevensky churchyard, Arkhangelsk region

Only 73 people live in Oshevensky churchyard, but this did not prevent the village from joining the association of the most beautiful villages in Russia in 2016. At the entrance to the village stands a monastery founded in 1453. In addition, a whole block of traditional northern wooden buildings has been perfectly preserved here, at the head of which is the Church of the Epiphany with a bell tower. Well, the locals are trying to preserve the original traditions.

Kinerma, Karelia

Kinerma is located in the Pryazhinsky district of Karelia and last year was awarded the title of the most beautiful village in Russia. There are 17 houses in the village, 10 of them are considered architectural monuments. All buildings here are rebuilt in a circle, in the center of which is a 250-year-old chapel and an old cemetery.

And, of course, all the village attributes: a well with ice water, a bathhouse, a barn with a souvenir shop, as well as a restored traditional peasant house. There is also a mini-hotel in Kinerma, stylized as the old days and furnished with antique utensils.

True, the locals were already quite tired of the flow of tourists, and at the beginning of 2017, information appeared on the network that they were asking to periodically close road sign)

Kimzha, Arkhangelsk Region

This is the youngest village that bears the title of the most beautiful (received it in February 2017). There are 71 historical monuments here, including the Hodegetrievskaya Church early XVIII century. Kimzha is somewhat reminiscent of a museum of wooden architecture, but everything here is real: strong log huts, wooden mills, large yards and a river where locals go fishing.

Also, until 1951, the locals had a curious tradition: they did not have a cemetery, and all the dead were buried according to their last will. Most often these were plots of land, and sometimes courtyards of houses. It was believed that in this way the ancestors would be able to protect their territories from troubles.

The Russian village... For some it is a relic of the agrarian past, for others it is the keeper of the Russian soul. One way or another, on average, urbanization “eats up” three villages in the country every year. What are the reasons for the extinction and degradation of the Russian village? How many villages are there in Russia today? And which of them are the most beautiful? You will find answers to all these questions in our article.

Unemployment, hopelessness, despondency...

It is with such unpleasant words that the modern Russian village is most often described. Broken asphalt, fragmentarily left over from prosperous Soviet times, abandoned farms, destroyed houses of culture, dirt, lack of lighting and central sewerage - this is typical for most of the villages and villages of today's Russia. Of course, there are pleasant exceptions. But they are catastrophically few.

Many villages in Russia, in view of the vast area of the latter, are literally cut off from any benefits of civilization. They can be located several hundred kilometers from the nearest city or regional center. In such villages, people, like a hundred or two hundred years ago, live by subsistence farming: they sow fields, raise livestock, fish, hunt and drink strong tea from real samovars.

A classic example of the "Russian hinterland" is the so-called Krasny Bereg. This is an area consisting of three villages, lost in the middle of the coniferous forests of the Vologda region. Their total population is 10 people. In fact, there are no roads to these settlements. In winter, it can only be overcome by snowmobile, and in summer (after heavy rain) - only by tractor. Water - from springs, light - from kerosene lamps, a generator - one for three villages.

And how many similar villages are scattered across the expanses of vast Russia - it's hard to say.

Russian village: in facts and figures

As of the beginning of 2018, 19.1% of the total population of the Russian Federation lives in rural areas.
Between 2002 and 2010 (between the last two censuses) the number of depopulated villages in Russia increased by 6,000.
Today there are about 150 thousand rural settlements in the country.
About half of them have no more than 100 people.
17 thousand Russian villages do not have a permanent population.
The average density in the Russian Federation is 2 persons/sq. km.
The maximum percentage of the rural population is observed in the Krasnodar Territory - almost 45%.
The largest villages are located in the North Caucasus.
The largest village in Russia in terms of population is Novaya Usman. 27.5 thousand people live here.

Reasons for the extinction of the Russian village

Village degradation is one of the most acute socio-economic problems modern Russia. In the last twenty years, the country's rural population has been steadily declining. And not only due to natural decline (high mortality against the background of low birth rates), but also due to the colossal migration outflow.

Young people categorically do not want to live in the village, trying by any available means to escape to the capital or the nearest large city. As a result, in many Russian villages only old people and openly asocial elements remain. The share of depopulated villages in some subjects of the Russian Federation has already reached 20%.

Why is the Russian village dying out? There are several reasons:

High level unemployment.
Degradation of social infrastructure (lack of schools, kindergartens, clinics, etc.).
Lower standard of living compared to urban environment.
Frequent lack of housing and communal benefits (sewerage, gasification, lighting, Internet, etc.).

To revive the Russian village and return young people to it, a comprehensive state program is required to save it and further develop it. Of course, this requires huge amounts of money.

The most beautiful villages in Russia: list

Let's try to end our article on a positive note. Not all villages in Russia look dull and hopeless. Some of them are able to surprise with their color, authentic spirit and original architecture. Listed below are five ancient Russian villages that are definitely worth visiting at least once in your life:

Varzuga, Murmansk region. The village arose in the middle of the 15th century. Fishing center for Atlantic salmon.
Big Kunaley, Buryatia. Quite a large village, reminiscent of its appearance Illustration for a collection of children's fairy tales. The design of all the local houses is exactly the same: brown walls, blue windows, green fences.
Vershinino, Arkhangelsk region. Traditional village of the Russian North. It is famous for its unique and perfectly preserved architecture of the 17th-18th centuries.
Okunevo, Omsk region. A colorful, amazing and mystical village, in which adherents of five different religions found refuge at once. The village is a place of attraction for all lovers of esotericism and meditation.
Elovo, Perm region. Ecologically clean village located on the banks of the Kama. It impresses all guests not only with magnificent natural landscapes, but also with its landscaping. There is asphalt, walking paths, flower beds and playgrounds.

Finally…

The process of rural extinction is not a unique Russian phenomenon. In general, it is similar to similar processes in other countries and regions of the planet. But, in spite of everything, the Russian village is still alive, with all its advantages and disadvantages. And, hopefully, in the near future it will begin to revive. After all, as they say in one old Russian proverb: "The city is the kingdom, and the village is paradise."