International Day of Human Space Flight. International Day of Human Space Flight Cosmonautics Day in modern Russia
One of the most beloved and, so to speak, indisputable Russian holidays is, of course, Cosmonautics Day, which is celebrated not only in our country, but throughout the world in honor of the first manned space flight in history.
When is Cosmonautics Day 2016 celebrated?
Cosmonautics Day is always celebrated April 12th, of course, 2016 is the year 55th anniversary of Gagarin's flight- not an exception. The holiday was established on the first anniversary of the flight into space of the first Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin which took place April 12, 1961. Thus, for the first time Cosmonautics Day was celebrated on April 12, 1962. Gagarin's understudy, who flew into space as the second pilot-cosmonaut, proposed to perpetuate this day German Titov.
And the world holiday has been since 1968. By the way, in the USSR, the holiday and its hero - Gagarin - were so popular that the registry offices did not have time to register newborn Yurievs, and the number of "overseas" Germans also jumped.
Well, the most creative did not hesitate to call their sons quite catchy - for example, some clever man invented the name Uryurvkos. We offer readers Federal News Agency try to decipher what it meant. However, it is not possible to find out how many people had such a name - most likely, when receiving a passport, the unfortunate Uryurvkos changed their name to more digestible options.
Cosmonautics Day in modern Russia
After the collapse of the USSR, many Soviet holidays were somehow called into question. In fact, one Soviet holiday remained unchanged and clean, without any newfangled sediments - and, of course, this is Cosmonautics Day. IN Russian Federation the status of Cosmonautics Day was confirmed in 1995 by the law "On Days military glory and memorable dates in Russia.
And in April 2011 - on the 50th anniversary of Gagarin's flight into space - the UN proclaimed April 12 International Day of Human Space Flight.
St. George's night
Beginning in 2001, on the fortieth anniversary of Gagarin's feat, the celebration of the Day of Cosmonautics took on a new breath - and all thanks to the youth who liked the night celebration of this significant event. On the night of April 12, 2001, the first St. George's night, organized by American space lovers - Space Generation Advisory Council. The event quickly gained popularity and gained global proportions, every year new countries and cities join it, hosting dozens of "space" events. St. George's Night is celebrated especially vigorously in the USA.
Russia is not far behind: Cosmonautics Day and St. George's Night are celebrated in many cities, including both capitals. On this day, the most interesting events are traditionally held in the famous Moscow and St. Petersburg planetariums.
Congratulations on Cosmonautics Day
Well, for a snack - several options for poetic congratulations on Cosmonautics Day, with which you can please friends and relatives.
Cosmonautics Day has come, and this is an important holiday,
You need to congratulate well all the brave and brave,
All of you who conquered the sky and even the eternal space,
And he discovered new stars, and this infinity.
May the stars in the bright sky wait for you to visit without fail,
And let there be comfort at home - simple, ordinary!
Almost everyone had a big dream to conquer space on a rocket,
Or grow up as a brave pilot, soar on an airplane in the sky.
Few made the dream come true, but some succeeded
Today we honor brave people, we wish everything to come true.
May all hopes come true, relatives are impatiently waiting,
When you return from the flight, this world is definitely cool.
Isn't it science fiction - aviation, astronautics?
The conquerors of the heavens and the depths of the cosmic sensations are probably enchanting.
But from this you are no less attentive, and you are so exacting to flights and to yourself.
May everything in life work out for you, may the road to the stars never end.
P.S. Name Uryurvkos stands for: "Hurrah, Yura in space!"
MOSCOW, December 15 - RIA Novosti. Outgoing 2016 in space industry Russia is remembered for a number of victories and a series of failures. The Soyuz carrier rocket was launched from the new Russian Vostochny cosmodrome for the first time, and the first ExoMars-2016 mission in the history of cooperation between the European Union and Russia was launched to Mars. The annual flight of a Russian and an American to the ISS was successfully completed and the Federal Space Program for 2016-2025 was approved, and the private American Antares rocket equipped with two Russian first-stage engines RD-181 flew to the ISS for the first time in history.
Vostochny Cosmodrome will allow launching up to four super-heavy rockets per yearAt the same time, the rocket is over heavy class will be installed on the launch complex in a vertical position, said Deputy Director General of TsENKI, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Igor Barmin.On the other hand, the Progress MS-04 space truck crashed and burned up in the Earth's atmosphere, which did not bring the unique greenhouse and the first spacesuit of the new model to the ISS. In general, the Russian Federation set an anti-record: in the year of the 55th anniversary of Gagarin's flight, Russia for the first time since 1999 lost its leadership in the number of space launches, yielding not only to the United States, but also to China.
First launch from Vostochny Cosmodrome
The historical event for Russia took place on April 28, 2016: from the Amur region the new cosmodrome "Vostochny" was the first launch vehicle. It was not without an unfortunate overlay: Soyuz-2.1a was supposed to launch on April 27 in the presence of Russian President Vladimir Putin, but automatics canceled the launch for technical reasons, the launch was postponed for a day.
After the correction of the remarks, the rocket was regularly launched on April 28 from the first and so far the only launch pad of the cosmodrome.
"Soyuz-2.1a" with the new launch unit "Volga" successfully delivered into orbit the Russian spacecraft "Aist-2D", the scientific satellite of Moscow State University "Mikhailo Lomonosov", as well as the SamSat-218D nanosatellite.
Launch of the first Russian-European mission to Mars
The first project in the history of cooperation between the European Union and Russia to search for life on Mars, ExoMars-2016 ("ExoMars-2016"), began with the launch of the Proton-M launch vehicle with the Breeze-M upper stage on March 14, 2016 from Baikonur. A bunch of spacecraft TGO-Schiaparelli was successfully put on a flight trajectory to Mars. The main task of the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) is to search for evidence of the presence of methane in the planet's atmosphere, which could confirm the presence of life or activity in the present or past of Mars. The purpose of the Schiaparelli lander is to test key technologies for the second ExoMars expedition, scheduled for 2020.
After the separation of the devices on October 16, 2016, TGO was launched into an elliptical orbit. However, the Schiaparelli descent module failed to reach the surface of Mars on a regular basis: communication with it was lost approximately 50 seconds before the estimated landing time. According to representatives of the European Space Agency (ESA), the device deployed brake parachutes earlier than planned, and its brake engines worked much less than the estimated time. The ESA later confirmed that the craft had crashed on landing.
Purchase of the floating spaceport "Sea Launch"
After several years of negotiations, it was decided that the unique floating cosmodrome Sea Launch ("Sea Launch") will remain under Russian control. The contract for its acquisition was signed by S7 Group, which owns one of the largest Russian airlines, and the Sea Launch group of companies at the end of September at the International Astronautical Congress IAC 2016 in Guadalajara (Mexico).
The Sea Launch Commander assembly and command ship, the Odyssey launch platform with the rocket segment equipment installed on them, ground equipment in the base port of Long Beach (USA) and the Sea Launch trademark will become the property of S7.
The Sea Launch International Consortium was established in 1995 for commercial launches from the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Sea Launch AG is currently headquartered in Bern, Switzerland. After the reorganization in 2010, 95% of the company's shares were owned by Energia Overseas Limited (EOL) - the "granddaughter" of RSC Energia, 3% - by the American Boeing, 2% - by the Norwegian Aker Solution.
Federal space program approved
The Federal Space Program (FSP) for 2016-2025 was approved by the Russian government chaired by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev on March 17, 2016. Russia intends to form an orbital constellation of 70 civilian satellites by 2025 spacecraft. As Igor Komarov, the head of Roskosmos, said, the new FKP, in particular, is aimed at increasing the share of the Russian Federation in the market for remote sensing and satellite communications services.
Initially, Roscosmos prepared a draft of the Federal Space Program for 2016-2025, based on state funding of 2.1 trillion rubles, but later the FKP budget was reduced to 1.4 trillion. Roscosmos has repeatedly stated that the new FKP managed to preserve the fundamental projects of space exploration, in particular the fundamental Scientific research. The approved version of the program, however, assumes that after 2021 an additional 115 billion rubles can be allocated.
The annual flight of a Russian and an American to the ISS has ended
The annual flight of two members of the ISS crew ended with success. Russian Alexander Kornienko and American astronaut Scott Kelly went into orbit on March 27, 2015 on the Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft. By the time of departure, the cosmonauts had spent a total of 340 days at the station. They returned to Earth on March 2, 2016 on the Soyuz TMA-18M spacecraft. In orbit, Kornienko and Kelly successfully worked 340 days, circled the planet 5440 times, and also conducted more than 400 scientific experiments, significantly expanding the understanding of the influence of space on humans.
The American edition of Fortune in 2016 included Kornienko and Kelly in the list of 50 most influential people in the world, putting them in 22nd place. Representatives of Roscosmos and NASA have repeatedly noted that this expedition, like the entire ISS program, proves that the difficult political situation in the world and sanctions against Russia do not interfere with Russian-American space projects.
For the United States, this was the first experience of a long-term space expedition. Soviet and Russian cosmonauts have already worked in orbit for a year. In 1999, Sergey Avdeev made a flight lasting 379 days, and in 1995 Valery Polyakov was in orbit for 437 days and thus set the world record for the longest flight into space.
Death of Progress
The Progress-MS-04 space truck crashed on the evening of December 1 over a deserted mountainous area in Tuva. Most of its fragments burned up in the atmosphere, but some fragments fell 60-70 kilometers west of the capital of Tuva, the city of Kyzyl. Telemetry data confirms that the space truck separated from the third stage of the Soyuz-U launch vehicle, but so far experts do not understand why it then went out of normal mode and collapsed after some time.
Previously, experts believed that the accident could have occurred as a result of abnormal operation of the Soyuz-U third-stage engines. Versions were put forward about poor-quality assembly, burnout of combustion chambers, damage to the weld. But after processing the telemetry data up to the 383rd second of the flight, it can be preliminarily said that the separation occurred, and after that, an emergency situation occurred on the Progress itself, which led to its destruction and subsequent fall.
In addition, versions were put forward according to which the Soyuz-U rocket control system could issue a command for an emergency shutdown of the third stage engines, after which the Progress MS-04 truck prematurely separated, then left the normal flight mode and collapsed.
At the same time, according to the cyclogram of the flight, the navigation antennas on the truck opened, but the solar panels did not have time to open, which is confirmed by the words of a NASA commentator in the Mission Control Center near Moscow. Then Progress transmitted telemetry for about a minute and a half, after which it began to deorbit.
The investigation has not yet been completed. State Corporation "Roscosmos" officially announced that the results of the work of the emergency commission will be announced no earlier than December 20, 2016.
The cargo spacecraft was supposed to deliver more than 2.5 tons of cargo to the ISS. In addition to fuel, water and compressed gases, on board were the Lada-2 greenhouse, in which it was planned for the first time to grow sweet peppers in orbit, a new Orlan-MKS spacesuit with an automatic temperature control system that allows cosmonauts not to be distracted by switching systems on and off heating, as well as fruits for the New Year's table of the crew members.
The new manned spacecraft of the Russian Federation was named "Federation"
By decision of the jury, the new Russian manned spacecraft being developed by RSC Energia was given a name following the results of the completed competition. The name "Federation" was recognized as the best of the three "finalists" of the competition ("Gagarin", "Federation", "Vector") and became the official name of the new ship. The names "Gagarin" and "Vector" can be used in the future for other projects of the domestic rocket and space industry.
The decision of the jury was preceded by a public vote, in which 35,105 people took part, who proposed about 6,000 original versions of the names, of which the organizing committee of the competition chose ten for public voting: "Gagarin", "Vector", "Federation", "Astra", "Galaktika" , "Motherland", "Zodiac", "World", "Star" and "Leader".
The new ship developed by RSC Energia will be designed to deliver people and cargo to the ISS, as well as to the Moon.
When creating the "Federation", the latest technologies are used, sometimes having no analogues in the world astronautics. In particular, the return vehicle will be made of composite materials, and a reusable docking unit will be provided.
Modern on-board electronic equipment will make it possible to more effectively solve the tasks of rendezvous and docking of the spacecraft, improve the safety of the crew at the stages of launch and descent to Earth. The Federation's crew will be up to four people. The ship will be able to stay in autonomous flight mode for up to 30 days, while flying as part of an orbital station - up to a year.
The total mass of the ship during the flight to the orbital station will be equal to 14.4 tons (19 tons during the flight to the Moon), the mass of the return vehicle will be 9 tons. The length of the ship is 6.1 meters. Rated overload during descent - 3 g. To launch the spacecraft into orbit, it is planned to use the Angara-A5V heavy-class launch vehicle.
Antares first launched to the ISS
On October 18, 2016, the private American Antares rocket, equipped with two Russian RD-181 first-stage engines, was launched to the ISS for the first time in history with the Cygnus space truck. The launch of a new modification of the launch vehicle, called Antares 230, has been repeatedly postponed. American experts wanted to hedge themselves after the accident that occurred in October 2014, when the previous Antares model with AeroJet AJ-26 engines (a modification of the Russian H-33) exploded at the start.
For the new Antares, American specialists have chosen the RD-181 from Energomash near Moscow. In less than a year, the Khimki enterprise developed, manufactured, certified and began delivering the RD-181 for Antares. The contract for the supply of eight engines of this model was signed in December 2014. In the summer of 2015, the first commercial samples of the RD-181 were delivered to the United States. Production and deliveries of RD-181 continue in accordance with the terms of the contract.
Ukrainian specialists also took part in the preparation for the launch. At the same time, Igor Arbuzov, general director of Energomash, told RIA Novosti that Russian and Ukrainian experts worked separately at the American cosmodrome under the program of preparation for the first launch.
Despite the protracted crisis in relations between Moscow and Kyiv, the Ukrainian Yuzhnoye Design Bureau and Yuzhmash State Enterprise and the Russian Energomash continue to be participants in the Antares production and preparation program for launches. Ukraine solves its own problems in terms of manufacturing fuel tanks, high-pressure tanks, valves, sensors, fuel and power supply systems, and Russia solves its own tasks related to the supply of RD-180 and their adaptation to the carrier.
The American Orbital ATK acted as an integrator and regulator of all work. Orbital ATK is headquartered in The Dalles, Virginia. The company employs about 12,000 people in 18 states and overseas.
55 years since the first manned flight into space
A call to the new generation "Raise your head!" became in 2016 the motto for the new team of the state corporation Roscosmos. The logo of this holiday - the 55th anniversary of the first manned flight into space - is the image of a smiling Yuri Gagarin.
Countdown space age humanity was given 55 years ago, on April 12, 1961, when Yuri Gagarin went into orbit. He opened the era of manned flights and forever inscribed his name in history as a pioneer of the universe.
Anti-record for space launches
At the same time, it was in the year of the 55th anniversary of Gagarin's flight that Russia for the first time since 1999 lost its leadership in the number of space launches.
According to the first deputy head of Roscosmos, Alexander Ivanov, by the end of 2016, for the first time, Russia will have fewer launches than China and the United States.
"For one simple reason - we have reduced launches in the interests of the Federal Space Program, and in the interests of creating orbital constellations," Ivanov said, speaking at the scientific conference "Cosmonautics in the 21st century."
The cessation of launches, he said, is also due to the lack of orders for the launch of communications satellites: there are no orders from either Federal State Unitary Enterprise Kosmicheskaya Svyaz or Gazprom Space Systems for launches this year and next year.
Russia and China agreed to expand and deepen long-term mutually beneficial cooperation in the space industry, according to a joint communiqué of the parties following the 21st regular meeting of the heads of government of Russia and China.
The last time the United States outpaced Russia in booster launches was in 1999. Then they conducted 31 space launches, with 30 from Russia and four from China. However, already in 2000, the Russian Federation accounted for 39 launches, the United States - 28, China - five. In 2015, these countries made 29, 20 and 19 starts, respectively.
In 2015, Russia carried out 29 launches of carrier rockets: 18 launches from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, three from the Guiana Space Center, one launch from the Dombarovsk positioning area, and seven launches from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome.
On April 12, the whole world celebrates Aviation and Cosmonautics Day - memorable date dedicated to the first manned flight into space. This is a special day - the day of the triumph of science and all those who work in the space industry today. As a holiday - Cosmonautics Day - in our country it was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 9, 1962, and received international status in 1968 at a conference of the International Aviation Federation.
By the way, since 2011 it has had another name - International Day of Human Space Flight. On April 7, 2011, at a special plenary session of the UN General Assembly, at the initiative of Russia, an official resolution No. A / RES / 65/271 was adopted, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the first step in the exploration of outer space. More than 60 states became co-sponsors of this resolution.
April 12, 1961 citizen Soviet Union Senior Lieutenant Yu. A. Gagarin spaceship Vostok was the first in the world to make an orbital flight around the Earth, opening the era of manned space flights.
The flight, which lasted only 108 minutes, was a powerful breakthrough in space exploration. The name of Yuri Gagarin became widely known in the world, and the first cosmonaut himself received the rank of major ahead of schedule and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
As you know, before a man got into a spaceship, man's four-legged friends were sent on a flight. In August 1960, the Soviet spacecraft "Vostok" with the dogs Belka and Strelka on board made a daily flight with a return to Earth.
The first international flight in the history of cosmonautics took place on July 15, 1975 - the pioneers were the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz-19 and the American spacecraft Apollo.
The holiday itself was recommended to be celebrated at the international level annually on April 12 to commemorate the beginning of the space age for mankind, reaffirming the important contribution of space science and technology in achieving the goals of sustainable development and improving the well-being of states and peoples, as well as in ensuring the realization of their desire to preserve outer space for peaceful purposes.
And today is April 12 in honor of the holiday in different countries various events are held - exhibitions, conferences, scientific and educational lectures and seminars, film screenings and much more. So, in Russia, special projects are being prepared in the main Museum of Cosmonautics, many Russian educational institutions and planetariums hold exhibitions and promotions, public organizations organize solemn rallies and other events dedicated to this Day. After all, this is a common holiday that connects the past, present and future of the people of the Earth.
April 12 is celebrated in Russia as Cosmonautics Day, established by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 9, 1962 in honor of the world's first manned flight into space, made by a citizen of the Soviet Union Yuri Gagarin on the Vostok spacecraft on April 12, 1961.
The launch of the world's first manned spacecraft Sergei Korolev, Anatoly Kirillov, Leonid Voskresensky. The ship "Vostok" with Yuri Gagarin on board spent 108 minutes in near-Earth space, completing one revolution around the planet during this time. Then the descent module of the spacecraft landed on the territory of the USSR. At an altitude of several kilometers above the Earth's surface, the cosmonaut ejected and landed by parachute at 10:55 Moscow time on arable land near the banks of the Volga near the village of Smelovka, Ternovsky District, Saratov Region.
The initiative to establish Cosmonautics Day in the USSR was first made by Yuri Gagarin's understudy pilot-cosmonaut German Titov in 1962. He also proposed, on behalf of the government of the Soviet Union, to apply to the UN with the idea of organizing world day astronautics.
On April 7, 2011, at the initiative of Russia, the UN General Assembly proclaimed April 12 the International Day of Human Space Flight on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the first step in space exploration made by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. More than 60 UN member countries became co-sponsors of this resolution.
The UN General Assembly expressed its deep conviction in the common interest of mankind in promoting the exploration and use of outer space, which is the property of all mankind, for peaceful purposes, in expanding the scale of this activity and in continuing efforts to ensure that all states can enjoy the associated benefits.
In many countries of the world since 2001, the event-event "Yuri's Night" (Yuri "s Night, named after Yuri Gagarin), organized by the Space Generation Advisory Council, the official consultant of the UN program on the use of space It is dedicated to two events: the first manned flight into space (April 12, 1961, USSR) and the first manned flight under the Space Shuttle program (April 12, 1981, USA).
The purpose of St. George's Night is to raise public interest in space exploration and to inspire new generations to explore space.
In 2011, the year of the 50th anniversary of the first manned flight into space, more than 100,000 people in 75 countries took part in St. George's Night.
In 2015, St. George's Night hosted 223 events in 49 countries.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
The whole world is celebrating today important date in the history of space exploration. 55 years ago, the first man went into orbit - Yuri Gagarin. The ship "Vostok-1" was launched from Baikonur on April 12, 1961 at 9:00 am Moscow time.
The flight lasted 108 minutes. During this time, Gagarin once circled the Earth and proved that a person can penetrate beyond the earth's atmosphere. After that, hundreds of manned spacecraft were launched into space, almost 500 people from dozens of countries visited orbit.
Currently, three Russian cosmonauts - Yuri Malenchenko, Alexei Ovchinin and Oleg Skripochka, as well as astronauts from the United States and Great Britain are on duty on the ISS. Vladimir Putin congratulated them on the holiday via video link. The President also addressed all other employees of the space industry.
"I would like to congratulate you all on this holiday. Russia celebrates Cosmonautics Day, and at the same time, on the same day, we celebrate the anniversary - the first manned flight into space, the legendary flight of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. First of all, I want to address the international to the ISS crew. You are celebrating this holiday at work. I would like to wish you success," the president said.
"It is very responsible for us to be on board the orbital station, especially today. And we are pleased to see that all the experience that has been accumulated since that first day of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin's flight has been preserved, multiplied," said Yuri Malenchenko.
"Good afternoon and happy holiday! At this hour, to celebrate Cosmonautics Day!" Timothy Kopra said.
"We are pleased, and we attach to this great importance that despite any difficulties that we face on Earth, people in space work shoulder to shoulder, hand in hand, help each other, fulfill the most important tasks that face not only our countries, but also all of humanity. And this is a very, very important area of our cooperation with the United States," Vladimir Putin said.
After that, the president got into direct contact with the Vostochny cosmodrome, the construction of which is nearing completion in the Amur Region. Alexei Leonov arrived there today - the first man to go into outer space, and the first woman to go into orbit, Valentina Tereshkova.
"Now I would like to move to our legendary cosmonauts, to the pioneers of space, and ask them a natural question in this situation: how do you like our new site, our new cosmodrome?" the President asked.
"We are shocked by what we saw today, this is a huge creation of the hands of mankind," said Valentina Tereshkova.
“This is an amazing structure, made using the latest technology. I was lucky in life, I can compare with many spaceports. We are proud of what we saw today,” added Alexei Leonov.
"The Vostochny Cosmodrome is intended mainly and mainly for solving peaceful problems and international cooperation, but it is located on the basis of the former missile division of the Soviet Union. I would very much like us, using your experience, using all the developments that we have with our partners all over the world and in the United States, and with Japan, and with Europe, so that we calmly and measuredly move towards cooperating together, choosing such areas that would help us bring our positions closer, and, perhaps, through space better understand each other on Earth," Vladimir Putin said.
The holiday is widely celebrated all over the world, but on a special scale, of course, in Russia. So, in Yekaterinburg, children from technical creativity circles sent models of rockets into the sky. In Saratov, pilots from the Rus aerobatic team demonstrated their skills. The traditional laying of flowers at the grave of Yuri Gagarin near the Kremlin wall took place in Moscow - representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took part in it. Hundreds of balloons with the portrait of the first cosmonaut were launched near the famous monument to the conquerors of space near the VDNKh metro station as part of the Raise Your Head campaign.
In the evening, a festive concert will be held at the State Kremlin Palace (on Saturday it will be shown by Channel One).
