Dmitry Uspensky Belomorkanal biography. Solovki - temples and buildings on the territory of the Solovetsky monastery. Solovetsky fortress. Solovki Unesco monuments. Status while working on canal construction

Dmitry Uspensky is an exemplary lieutenant colonel of the internal service, the head of many camp units. His track record is very impressive, and his work was awarded orders. But many people know Ouspensky under the nicknames "amateur executioner", " Solovetsky Napoleon", "painter". How did the exemplary Chekist deserve them?

Parricide

Dmitry Vladimirovich Uspensky was born in 1902 in the family of a priest. On the threshold of the revolution, he realized that with such a biography nothing good could be expected from Soviet authorities he would not have to - questionnaires, persecution, exile - and found a way out of the situation - he killed his own father and explained his deed with class hatred. Murder for such weighty ideological convictions at that time was not considered the most severe form of crime, so Ouspensky was sentenced to 10 years. He was released a year later, and subsequently the conviction was annulled.

"Amateur executioner" in Solovki

In 1920, Uspensky began serving in the Cheka, and in 1927 he was sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. There he quickly took the post of head of the educational department. Only now, in fact, his activities had nothing to do with education and enlightenment. He was a real camp executioner job description, but at will. Ouspensky was not obliged to deal with executions and did it, as he himself said, "for the love of art." For this, he became the owner of the nickname "amateur executioner."

Participation in executions

The head of the educational and educational department of the Solovetsky camp took part in executions many times. The most famous were three episodes. On the night of October 28-29, 1929, Ouspensky himself participated in a mass execution, the victims of which were 400 people. His deed was highly appreciated by the leadership, he almost immediately received the post of head of the Solovetsky branch of USLON.

In 1930, shortly after being promoted, Uspensky took the initiative to shoot pious peasants who came from Siberia and the Volga region. Through his sincere efforts, 148 men of name-glorification were killed.

On June 20, 1931, an "amateur executioner" dealt with a disabled woman, anarchist Evgenia Yaroslavskaya-Markon. The reason for the execution was the accusation raised against her by Uspensky that she was "preparing an assassination attempt on him." During the shot, she made an attempt to escape, and Ouspensky missed. Then he caught up with the woman, hit her with the hilt of the revolver and, having fallen unconscious, trampled underfoot until she died.

"Solovki Napoleon"

During his service on Solovki, Uspensky acquired another nickname - “Solovki Napoleon”. And there were several reasons for this. Firstly, like his great prototype, Dmitry Vladimirovich was a controversial figure - on the one hand, a monster and an unprincipled killer, on the other, a competent leader who, in spite of everything, pursued his tough policy and received only praise from top management for exemplary service . His ambitious plans, unscrupulous actions and absolute ruthlessness were also reflected in this nickname, which was awarded to him by prisoners and subordinates. Some eyewitnesses also claimed that Dmitry Uspensky had some similarities with the great and terrible Bonaparte.

Camp permissiveness

Occupying a leading position in the camp, Ouspensky did whatever he wanted: he drank, he was outrageous, and he carried out his own judgment on the prisoners. He forced women to cohabitate. His actions received wide publicity after forcing Natalya Andreeva into intimacy. Since this case was not the only one, in 1932 Dmitry Uspensky came under investigation. But having a good disposition towards the "amateur executioner", the first deputy commissar of the OGPU, G. G. Yagoda, stopped the case. The injured woman was released, and Uspensky was forced to take her as his wife. As a wedding gift, Uspensky received from Yagoda an appointment to the post of head of the Belbaltlag. From that moment on, he became the manager of the lives and destinies of a huge number of "builders of communism" who built the White Sea Canal.

As for his wife, she fled at the first opportunity, but her husband, gifted with power, took revenge on her - she was again arrested and sentenced to 8 years in the camps.

Service in Belbaltlag

Having taken the leading post in the new camp, Ouspensky did not change his habitual behavior. The nickname "Solovki Napoleon" so firmly merged with the personality of Uspensky that he "roamed" from camp to camp. In Belbaltlag, he still shows cruelty, participating in various kinds of punishments. The only thing, after the judicial precedent, is that he became more careful in dealing with female prisoners.

"Artist" in Dmitlag

In 1936-1937, Uspensky headed Dmitlag, one of the largest concentration camps in the Gulag system. Here, his behavior took on a new dimension - he shifted many of the massacres to his assistants and subordinates, besides, there were so many of those who fit the role of potential victims that it was not impossible to deal with everyone personally.

End of career

After Nikolai Yezhov, People's Commissar of the NKVD, was removed from his post, the fate of people like Uspensky was determined; they were led to execution. And here Uspensky was more fortunate than the rest - after a conversation with the Chekist Vlodzimirsky, he was “exiled” to Naryan-Mar, instructed to lead the Zapolyarlag.

It is interesting that here he parted with his "arts" and excesses. According to contemporaries, Ouspensky received a warning: one such trick - and execution. Such a change of tactics proves that the reason for his atrocities was not convictions, not deviations in the psyche, but impunity and permissiveness.

Subsequently, Dmitry Uspensky held leadership positions in various camps in remote parts of the country. His career includes Sevpechlag, Perevallag, Nizhamurlag, Sakhalinlag.

In 1952 he was dismissed from the Ministry state security, and on March 17, 1953, Ouspensky was sent into retirement, having been awarded the title of "Personal Pensioner of Union Importance." The executioner lived a long life and died a natural death in 1989.

On the same topic:

Dmitry Uspensky: "amateur executioner" in Solovki Dmitry Uspensky: what made him become an executioner

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Uspensky Dmitry Vladimirovich, (1902-1989), was born in Moscow, in the family of a priest. Russian by nationality. Education - incomplete secondary. Before the revolution, he was not involved in politics. In 1919 committed a serious crime - killed his father. The murder was explained by "class hatred", but there is evidence that it was committed on a domestic basis - the father and son of the Assumption abused alcohol. Dmitry Uspensky was imprisoned and sentenced to ten years in prison, but a year later he was released, and his conviction was expunged. Moreover, at the same time, in 1920. Dmitry entered the service in the Cheka. What explains this is unknown. At the same time, Uspensky entered the service in the Red Army, and in 1925. joined the Bolshevik Party.

In 1927 was sent to serve in the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp (SLON), where he soon became the head of the Educational and Educational Department. However, his activities had nothing to do with education. He was a camp executioner, and not by position - he was not at all obliged to do this, but, as he himself explained, "for the love of art." For this he received the nickname: "Amateur executioner." There are many episodes of Ouspensky's participation in executions, here are just a few of them. So, on the night of October 28-29, 1929. DV Uspensky led and personally participated in the execution of 400 prisoners. Among those executed were famous people, like G.M.Osorgin and A.A.Sivers. For this, he was soon appointed head of the Solovetsky branch of USLON. Ouspensky hastened to “work out” the promotion: in January 1930. on his initiative and with his personal participation, 148 people were shot, belonging to the Old Believer sect of the “imyaslavtsy” (mostly peasants from the Volga region). June 20, 1931 D. Uspensky personally shot the imprisoned anarchist E. Yaroslavskaya, despite the fact that she had a disability. The reason for the execution was the accusation raised against her by Uspensky that she allegedly "prepared an assassination attempt on him." At the moment of the shot, the woman started to run, and Ouspensky missed. Then he caught up with her, stunned her with a blow of a revolver, and, having fallen unconscious, began to stomp with his feet - until she died. In the same 1931. Dmitry Uspensky forced one of the imprisoned women, a certain N.N. Andreeva, to cohabit. The story turned out to be loud, especially since Andreeva was not the only victim, in 1932. Uspensky fell under investigation, but the first deputy commissar of the OGPU G.G. Yagoda, who favored him, in fact the owner of this department (due to the illness of V.R. Menzhinsky), stopped the case, ordered N. Andreeva to be released ahead of schedule, and Uspensky was obliged to marry her. The marriage took place in 1933, and as a gift to the “young” Yagoda appointed Uspensky the head of the Belbaltlag: now in his hands were the lives of a huge number of “builders of communism” who were building the White Sea Canal. As for N.N. Andreeva, she hastened to escape from such a “husband”. Ouspensky took revenge on her at the first opportunity: in 1937. she was arrested again and sentenced to eight years in the camps. Uspensky demanded to be shot, but to no avail: in Moscow they decided that it would be too much. Moreover, in 1939 the question of the behavior of Dmitry Uspensky again became the subject of discussion by his colleagues: he was expelled from the CPSU (b) with the wording "for moral decay." But a few months later this decision was reversed.

In 1936-1937. D.V.Uspensky was the head of Dmitlag, one of the largest concentration camps in the Gulag system. His behavior has not fundamentally changed, only the scale has changed: he personally did not need to kill someone, there were enough assistants for this, and the number of potential victims was so large that he personally would not be able to kill them all. Nevertheless, Dmitry Vladimirovich from time to time "had fun" with the executions of young beautiful women. Before that, he forced them to pose naked for his paintings: he drew well with a pencil. According to the recollections of the prisoners, Ouspensky knew well and liked to recite Baudelaire and Heine. Then he got another nickname: "Artist".

After the removal of N.I. Yezhov, the fate of most types like Uspensky did not differ in variety: they were tried and shot. But with D.V. Uspensky, for some reason, they acted differently: after a conversation with L.E. Vlodzimirsky, they “exiled” to the post of head of the Zapolyarlag, to Naryan - March. It is noteworthy that there he instantly parted with his "arts". Most likely, Vlodzimirsky warned him - one violation - and execution. This means that the reason for Uspensky's behavior was not a mental illness, but permissiveness, "usual" for the "Chekists". As soon as L. Beria, who replaced Yezhov, put an end to permissiveness and introduced the behavior of the NKVD officers into the strict framework of official instructions, the Assumption quickly disappeared.

Later, Dmitry Uspensky was the head of various concentration camps on the outskirts of the country: Sevpechlag, Perevallag, Nizhamurlag, and for the longest time, from 1948 to 1952. - Head of Sakhalinlag. July 26, 1952 D.V.Uspensky was fired from the MGB "to reduce staff." For some time he worked in the management of Tatspetsneftestroy, an enterprise that was engaged in the construction of oil storage facilities and was part of the Gulag system. But March 17, 1953. - almost immediately after the death of I.V. Stalin, he was sent to retire with the title of "Personal pensioner of Union significance."

In the future, D.V. Uspensky lived in Moscow, especially not hiding, and even gave interviews - for example, to Academician D.S. Likhachev. In his actions, he did not see anything wrong, and talked about the "aesthetics of murder." D.S. Likhachev could not understand in any way - whether Uspensky really thinks so, or whether he is simply mocking him.

Dmitry Vladimirovich Uspensky died in 1989. in Moscow.

Dmitry Uspensky is an exemplary lieutenant colonel of the internal service, the head of many camp units. His track record is very impressive, and his work was awarded orders. But many people know Ouspensky under the nicknames "amateur executioner", "Solovki Napoleon", "artist". How did the exemplary Chekist deserve them?

Parricide

Dmitry Vladimirovich Uspensky was born in 1902 in the family of a priest. On the threshold of the revolution, he realized that with such a biography he would not have to expect anything good from the Soviet authorities - questionnaires, persecution, exile - and found a way out of the situation - he killed his own father and explained his act with class hatred. Murder for such weighty ideological convictions at that time was not considered the most severe form of crime, so Ouspensky was sentenced to 10 years. He was released a year later, and subsequently the conviction was annulled.

"Amateur executioner" in Solovki

In 1920, Uspensky began serving in the Cheka, and in 1927 he was sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. There he quickly took the post of head of the educational department. Only now, in fact, his activities had nothing to do with education and enlightenment. He was a real camp executioner, not by job description, but by choice. Ouspensky was not obliged to deal with executions and did it, as he himself said, "for the love of art." For this, he became the owner of the nickname "amateur executioner."

Participation in executions

"Solovki Napoleon"

Camp permissiveness

As for his wife, she fled at the first opportunity, but her husband, gifted with power, took revenge on her - she was again arrested and sentenced to 8 years in the camps.

Service in Belbaltlag

"Artist" in Dmitlag

Dmitry Vladimirovich's favorite "entertainment" here was the execution of young attractive women. He did it subtly. Before executions, Ouspensky forced women to pose nude by making pencil sketches. Because of this passion, he earned another nickname - "artist".
End of career
After Nikolai Yezhov, People's Commissar of the NKVD, was removed from his post, the fate of people like Uspensky was determined; they were led to execution. And here Uspensky was more fortunate than the rest - after a conversation with the Chekist Vlodzimirsky, he was “exiled” to Naryan-Mar, instructed to lead the Zapolyarlag.

Subsequently, Dmitry Uspensky held leadership positions in various camps in remote parts of the country. His career includes Sevpechlag, Perevallag, Nizhamurlag, Sakhalinlag.

In 1952, he was dismissed from the Ministry of State Security, and on March 17, 1953, Uspensky was sent into retirement, having been awarded the title of "Personal Pensioner of Union Importance." The executioner lived a long life and died a natural death in 1989.