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“Nails would be made of these people:
Stronger if there were no nails in the world "

Nikolai Tikhonov

A nail is a fastener
used for fixing parts.

Wikipedia

There are such historical figures, and Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, without a doubt, throughout his life deserved this definition, and not only, and not so much for the exploits he accomplished, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor, but, above all, for that moral component, according to which it can be compared with examples of moral stamina and valor generally recognized by mankind.

Using his example, we will show how important the personal aspect is in process management and how conceptual authority can be realized.

On the conceptual power of ordinary people

The life of people does not proceed at random, but always in line with certain concepts of the life of society in the continuity of generations. Concepts, representing algorithms for the self-government of society, can be perceived by people as some of their fragments, but at the same time remaining outside their awareness as integrity, even in minimal detail. Nevertheless, they objectively exist, since every society self-governs in some way, and information and moral standards, which together represent the algorithms of social self-government, are also objective.

And from ancient times there were and are now people who turned out to be:

• able to perceive in themselves in some images different concepts,
  understand each of them in more or less detail,
• according to their morally determined arbitrariness, give preference to one of them,
• to have an impact on their entire set, possibly putting forward a new concept, thereby changing the further course of life according to their morally determined arbitrariness and understanding with the means available to them.

With the ultimate generalization of concepts, there are only two: either in line with the formation of humanity on the planet, or in line with the formation of slavery up to outright Satanism.

Often, due to the obsession with some ideas or traditions of religion, the individual considers the formation of humanity on the planet a utopia, an unrealizable dream, and therefore, before the conscious will of the individual sets the task for the intellect to think about “conceptual power: myth or reality?”, its unconscious levels minds will block the rethinking of this topic and he will remain with the opinion:

What is the conceptual power? - you have to live like everyone else: work, raise children, etc.

How do the notorious "everyone" live? Why do they live this way and not otherwise? Can they live differently, and would a different way of life be more gracious? - these questions either do not arise, or they are frightened by the possibility of losing what they already have, without getting anything better in return. But, as historical experience shows, the unwillingness to engage in them in one form or another, due to the historical era, leads to the fact that people are deprived of what they have, receiving in return something even worse, which they begin to fight only when it gains strength instead of in order to crush this negative in the bud or put it in a state of impossibility of implementation, in advance putting forward an alternative concept of the life of society to it.

Accordingly, we understand the term "conceptual power" as two mutually related phenomena:

• firstly, the power of self-government algorithms (concepts) over the life of society and over the life of each of the people who are members of this society;
• secondly, the intra-social power of those people who are able to realize more or less detailed concepts dominating society and exert, according to their morally conditioned arbitrariness, a consciously expedient impact on the whole multitude of concepts, eliminating the influence of some and giving power to the algorithms of others, coordinating with them , first of all, their own behavior and linking them with the psyche of others.

If a person has certain personal qualities, observation, knowledge and skills, thinks about the relationships in the life of the people around him, who make up society, then as a result, he has the complete function of controlling the course of a certain set of events, the channel of which he himself builds in the direction he has chosen, and within which it operates. This complete control function, in turn, turns out to be a component in some embracing totality of the course of events, which either supports it or suppresses it. This overarching set of events can also represent the process of managing (or self-governing) the overall function.

Accordingly, true democracy is possible only in a society where the working majority is conceptually powerful in a sincere desire to stay in line with the development of humanity (in other words, God's Providence), which excludes the possibility of abuse by conceptually powerful egoists and their corporations, which are a degrading minority, in relation to the majority. .

And we want to talk about one such person who showed conceptual authority and whose activity in the full function of management was built into the embracing full function of management of another manager from God in our country.

About valor, about exploits, about glory ...

But first about the deeds.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky - the son of a peasant in the difficult years of the revolution and civil war quickly decided on his position in life - he became an active supporter of the state of workers and peasants and did not turn off this path anymore. Already in June 1918, by the way, in the same year he joined the CPSU (b), on the instructions of the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that acted against German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919 he served in the Bobruisk Cheka. In 1920 - 1925 he led partisan detachments in Western Belarus, which was part of Poland, through the line of "active intelligence" of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army. The partisans of the detachments led by him carried out several dozen military operations, including: three passenger trains were stopped, a railway bridge was blown up, two railway stations, three towns, several landowners' estates were occupied, more than 100 gendarmes and landowners were destroyed.

Since 1925, he has been in the service of state security agencies. In 1936, he was the head of the construction site at the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal (that is, a worker in the Gulag). In 1937 - 1938 he performed combat missions during the Spanish Civil War. He led sabotage and reconnaissance groups, at the head of one of them made a long 800-kilometer raid on the rear of the enemy, which was rated as "unparalleled" by the republican command. During one of the fights with the Francoists, he received a severe concussion of the spine from a close grenade explosion.

For health reasons, in 1938 he was dismissed from military service in the state security bodies, and in 1939 - 1940 he worked as vice-rector for the economic part of the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute (Orenburg) and at the same time studied (at the age of 45) there as a student (!).

In July 1940, he was reinstated in the service in the organs state security. From March 1941, he was sent to Xinjiang (China) with a special assignment, where, under cover, he organized intelligence work.

During the Great Patriotic War, after numerous personal requests in 1942, he was included in the Special Group of the NKVD, and from October 1942 to August 1943 he successfully led the large partisan detachment "Falcons", which operated on the territory of the Baranovichi region.

On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky (12 fighters) attacked a fascist convoy on one of the roads in the Baranovichi region. As a result of the raid, Hauptkommissar Friedrich Fentz, SS Obergruppenführer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were killed. Orlovsky's detachment suffered no losses; Orlovsky himself was badly wounded. His right arm was amputated to the shoulder, on the left - 4 fingers and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50 - 60%.

In August 1943 he was recalled to Moscow and sent for further service in the NKGB of the Byelorussian SSR.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943, for courage and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star».

Having lost the ability to pass a full military service in the state security bodies in connection with disability, Orlovsky addressed a personal letter to I.V. Stalin, in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR and promised to bring him to the forefront.

Letter

This is a “Top Secret” statement because it contained information about the operational activities of the state security agencies, clearly not intended to ever be published, written just three days after Minsk was liberated, when battles near Slonim, Baranovichi, and in Berlin they discussed plans for a counterattack from East Prussia in the direction of Grodno-Minsk, tells more about the person who wrote it than whole volumes of books or we can finish in this short article. We will accompany the text of the letter with inserts explaining the essence of Orlovsky's conceptual authority over the full function of management.

Moscow, the Kremlin, Comrade Stalin.

From the Hero of the Soviet Union
lieutenant colonel of state security

Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich.

Statement.

Dear Comrade Stalin!

Allow me to hold your attention for a few minutes, to express my thoughts, feelings and aspirations to you.

I was born in 1895 in the village. Myshkovichi of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region in the family of a middle peasant.

Until 1915, he worked and studied at his own farm, in the village of Myshkovichi.

From 1915 - 1918 he served in the tsarist army as a sapper platoon commander.

From 1918 to 1925 he worked in the rear of the German invaders, White Poles and White Lithuanians as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups. At the same time, he fought for four months on Western front against the White Poles, for two months against the troops of General Yudenich, and for eight months he studied in Moscow at the 1st Moscow Infantry Command Course.

From 1925 to 1930 he studied in Moscow at the Komvuz of the peoples of the West.

From 1930 to 1936, he worked in the special group of the NKVD of the USSR for the selection and training of sabotage and partisan personnel in case of war with the Nazi invaders in Belarus.

In 1936 he worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal as the head of the construction site.

Throughout 1937 he was on a business trip in Spain, where he fought in the rear of the Nazi troops as the commander of a sabotage and partisan group.

1939 - 1940 worked and studied at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute.

In 1941, he was on a special mission in Western China, from where, at his personal request, he was recalled and sent to the rear of the German invaders as the commander of a reconnaissance and sabotage group.

Thus, from 1918 to 1943, I was lucky to work for 8 years in the rear of the enemies of the USSR as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and the state border more than 70 times, carry out government tasks, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union as in military , and in peacetime, for which the Government of the USSR awarded me two orders of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1918. I don't have party memberships.

On the night of February 17, 1943, undercover intelligence brought me information that on February 17-43 Wilhelm Kube (General Commissar of Belarus), Friedrich Fens (Commissar of three regions of Belarus), Obergruppenführer Zacharius, 10 officers and 40-50 of their guards.

At that time, I had only 12 of my fighters with me, armed with one light machine gun, seven machine guns and three rifles. In the daytime, in an open area, on a road, attacking the enemy was quite risky, but alsoit was not in my nature to miss a big fascist bastard , and therefore, even before dawn, I brought my soldiers in white camouflage coats to the road itself, put them in a chain and camouflaged them in snow pits 20 meters from the road along which the enemy was supposed to pass.

Everyone is responsible for their actions in the first place before their conscience. And there are few people who will just as selflessly fulfill their duty to her.

Twelve hours in the snow pits, my comrades and I had to lie and patiently wait ...

At six o'clock in the evening, an enemy transport appeared from behind the hillock, and when the carts caught up with our chain, at my signal, our machine-gun fire was opened, as a result of which Friedrich Fens, 8 officers, Zacharius and more than 30 guards were killed.

My comrades calmly took away all the fascist weapons, documents, took off their best clothes and in an organized manner went into the forest, to their base.

There were no casualties on our side. In this battle, I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked, as a result of which my right arm was amputated to the shoulder, 4 fingers on my left, and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%. In the same place, in the forests of the Baranovichi region, I physically got stronger and in August 1943 I was summoned to Moscow by radiogram.

Thanks to People's Commissar State Security Comrade Merkulov and Head of the 4th Directorate Comrade Sudoplatov .

The party of Lenin-Stalin brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin ?

Full control function- a hierarchically ordered sequence of actions of different quality, including:

1. Identification of the environmental factor that causes the need for control in the subject who encounters it.
2. Formation of a set of characteristics to recognize this factor in the future.
3. Formation of a vector of management goals in relation to this factor and the introduction of this vector of goals into the general vector of goals of one's behavior (self-government).
4. Formation of the objective function (concept) of control based on the solution of the problem of stability in the sense of predictability of behavior.
5. Organization of a purposeful management structure that carries the target management function.
6. Control (observation and correction) of the activities of the structure in the process of management carried out by it.
7. Its elimination in case of uselessness or maintenance in working condition until the next use.

Items 1 and 7 are always present in the full control function.

At the same time, the ability to identify environmental factors that cause the need for management, as happened with Orlovsky, is one of the most important distinguishing abilities for a person. The Quran speaks of this ability as follows:

O those who believe! If you are careful not to anger God (translation: if you revere God), He will give you Discrimination and cleanse you of your evil deeds and forgive you. Indeed, God is the possessor of great mercy!” — 8:29.

As a result of discrimination in the mind of a person, a certain object, process is revealed against the background surrounding it (“This” against the background “Not This”) and its relationship with other objects and processes can be comprehended and repeatedly rethought. If there is no distinction, then the object, the process cannot be revealed, it seems invisible, and equally non-existent, and the subject, with all the desire, cannot organize control over it.

The emerging need for management is expressed in the disappearance of psychological comfort - a distinguished factor begins to put pressure on the psyche. So Orlovsky described this state of his with the words:

... financially, I live very well. Morally - bad .

... did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin ?

After that, in relation to the factor that puts pressure on the psyche, goals are developed.

To moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful labor.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted the possible time to working on agricultural literature. .

From 1930 to 1936, by the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, thoroughly looked at this business and fell in love with it.

My stay at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, I used to the fullest in obtaining such a quantity of knowledge that the organization of an exemplary collective farm can provide.

It is also striking that Orlovsky, working in the organs, thought not only about his current professional activity, but about the future - what he will and can do "in civilian life." That is, he developed himself in different directions, not confining himself to one “bread profession”.

If the Government of the USSR had released a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in merchandise terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:

1. From a hundred forage cows (in 1950) I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy breeding farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the% fat content of milk.
2. To sow not less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 to obtain not less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July of this year there will be no rain. If it rains, then the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70-80 centners.
4. In 1950, collective farm forces will plant a fruit garden on a hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that agrotechnical science has developed.
5. By 1948, three snow-retaining strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least a hundred families of bee farms.
7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:

shed for M-P farms No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
shed for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
shed for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;
shed for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
granary for 950 tons of grain;
shed for storage of agricultural machinery, inventory and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
power plant, along with a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
garage for 7 cars;
petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;
bakery - 75 sq. m;
bath - 98 sq. m;
a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
house for kindergarten- 180 sq. m;
barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
silo pits with brick lining of walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silage;
storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;

By the efforts of the collective farmers and at the expense of the collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a latrine and a small shed for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-organized, cultural settlement, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;

artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the collective farm "Red Partizan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Simultaneously with organizational and economic work, I will find time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my members of the collective farm to such an extent that it will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and devoted to the party of Lenin-Stalin people.

After reading this letter of request, any manager may have a question: “Well, okay, but how Are you going to achieve all this?"

The point is that the probabilistic future in general always equals exactly 1 (one). Future in general always will be, but which of its variants will come is not defined. Therefore, we can imagine that on one side of the scale lies 1.0 - the probabilistic predestination of a definitely unknown future in general, then on the other side of the scale there should be a set of more or less detailed defined, distinguishable from one another options for this future in general, each of which can be chosen as a vector of goals management.

The probability of any of these various variants of the future is always less than the probabilistic predetermination of the future in general, then it is equal to 1 (one).

Life is the practice of the unambiguous implementation of such multiple probabilistic predeterminations, expressing themselves in accomplished statistics.

And mathematical theory probabilities and mathematical statistics - being an idealized model of the practice of implementing probabilistic predeterminations, either excludes management subjectivism from consideration, or includes private statistics of managers' subjectivism, which describes the process along with other private statistics.

But both so and so, although in different ways, the aspect of managerial capacity a particular person falls out of consideration of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics (which is actively substantiated today by any managerial decisions). The process of realization of probabilistic predeterminations is always concrete.

The management process for the full function has an individual uniqueness, since management is conditioned by the personality of the manager.

Statistical methods do not answer the questions: who, and why, falls into one statistics and falls out of another? They don’t care who exactly: the result and its “weight” in statistics are important, and not those who personally achieved it. In the practice of the implementation of probabilistic predeterminations in management tasks, it is the personality that carries various possibilities or the impossibility of implementing this or that event.

Figuratively speaking, in the problems of control over the complete function:

"probabilistic predetermination of the event" = "mathematical probability of the "self-realization" of the event" * "the personality of the manager as a carrier of certain opportunities."

That is, the probability is faceless, and probabilistic predetermination always has personal specificity, personally conditioned originality. And the same person can fit into one statistics and probabilistic-statistical models, and fall out of others.

That is why Orlovsky makes a rather long introduction about his previous achievements, describing in detail, among other things, the managerial experience of leading a detachment during individual operations, in order to show his managerial viability and ability to decide non-standard situations in unusual circumstances. If it had been just a letter asking for money and promises, then Stalin would hardly have granted this request. Although, of course, there was a risk that Orlovsky would not cope with the new processes for him. After all, assurances are one thing, and the practice of implementation is another, even if everything is thought out and rethought many times. After all, there is also a personal aspect, and not only the manager himself, who took up this or that work, but also his subordinates, who can sabotage the overall activity.

Before writing this statement to you and taking on these obligations, I thought it over many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I would do the above work for the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this economy would be indicative economy for the collective farmers of Belarus. Therefore, I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, on sending me to this work and granting me the loan I requested.

If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.

Application:

Description of the collective farm "Red Partisan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
Topographic map showing the location of the collective farm.
Estimate of repaid loan.

Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.

Request K.P. Orlovsky was satisfied. The implementation of this small collective farm project on a national scale fit into the general concept of Stalin's management, fit into his full management function, since he relied on such people in his activities.

It was these people who made the Stalinist Soviet Union the second superpower in the world.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky in January 1945 was elected chairman of the Rassvet collective farm (the former Red Partisan of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region, which he led for 23 years.

Under his leadership, the Rassvet collective farm became the first post-war USSR farm millionaire.

K.P. Orlovsky at the construction of the stable. 1950

In 1958 K.P. Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle medal. But in general, for military and labor merits, he was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, and many medals.

About the most important

Even a simple acquaintance with the biography of Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky seems to dot the i's and every sane person has no doubts that we have a Man with a capital letter. And there is also a moral component, in our opinion the most important, for understanding such people, "whom we must take as models." After all, it was the morality of this manager that ensured the realization of a very small possible probability of the future realizing - so that the destroyed collective farm (on the territory of Belarus most affected by the Nazis) became the first millionaire collective farm among all the collective farms in the USSR.

Here is how Kirill Prokofievich himself explained his actions:

Reading this short report, you might think that I made a heroic campaign with a group, spent a lot of energy with incredible tension on the nerves, that as soon as I could endure with a broken spine, rheumatism in the joints of the legs and at the age of 43 years I could overcome this path and all his troubles? Yes, the difficulties, the expenditure of energy and the tension of the nerves are incredibly great ... I overcame all this thanks to unlimited hatred for the enemies of the people, the fascists and love for my work, for my profession (highlighted by us when quoting).

I ask for your order to send me to the rear of the Nazi troops for red partisan and sabotage work, where I can be incomparably more useful in defending the socialist fatherland ... if you send me, then I will give all my thoughts, feelings, heart and will be the same as first, to smash the sworn enemy of humanity, the German fascists ... (highlighted by us when quoting).

... from 1918 to 1943 I was lucky to work behind enemy lines of the USSR for 8 years(highlighted by us when quoting) as the commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and the state border over 70 times, carry out government tasks, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union ...

…financially, I live very well. Morally - bad(highlighted by us when quoting). The party of Lenin-Stalin brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party? To moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful labor ...

Before writing this statement to you and taking on these obligations, I have thought it over many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work (highlighted by us when quoting), I came to a deep conviction that I will do the above work for the glory of our beloved Motherland …

I'm certainly not an angel. I'm probably wrong(highlighted by us when quoting), but subjectivism is alien to me and disgusting. I would despise myself for such shameful behaviour.

Notice that his words match his deeds. And his deeds are highly moral, well-behaved. We will not remember all his exploits, just give one specific example. When there was not enough money to build a school, K.P. Orlovsky withdrew all his savings from the book - 200 thousand - and invested them in construction.

But what they say about him is not the dry lines of award lists and performance characteristics, but ordinary people who knew him from work and life:

Lecturer at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute G.M. Udovin:

I have never met a better vice-rector for economic affairs. He was a man of his word, always doing his duty.

The old collective farmer Daria Ivanovna:

We all remember him like yesterday. After all, in everyone's life(highlighted by us when quoting).

Conclusion

Now is the time for us to ask ourselves, honestly, to ourselves:

But have I done everything so that, well, if not in the life of everyone, but at least one person, to remain in the memory of a Man with a capital letter?

That's it for this question and the search for an answer to it in conscience by everyone, we have prepared this material.

In the summer of 1944, this man wrote a statement with a request, sending it personally to Stalin - the lower authorities did not even want to listen to him, answering not at all from callousness: “You have already done everything you could. Rest».

Why they refused, you can understand from the text of the statement.

This Man, Hero of the Soviet Union, wrote to Stalin that he was morally bad and asked for help. How?

Be sure to read this statement, a copy of which was kept in the archives of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, it was declassified and published quite recently.

These days, it doesn't just seem incredible, it's amazing.

Stalin gave the order to satisfy the request of Kirill Orlovsky - he understood him perfectly, because he himself was the same.

He handed over to the state the apartment he had received in Moscow and left for the Belarusian village destroyed to the ground. Kirill Prokofievich fulfilled his obligations - his collective farm "Dawn" was the first collective farm in the USSR, which received millions of profits after the War.

After 10 years, the name of the Chairman became known throughout Belarus, and then the USSR.

In 1958, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin. For military and labor merits he was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, and many medals. He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the third to seventh convocations.

In 1956-61 he was a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU. "Twice Cavalier" Kirill Orlovsky - the prototype of the Chairman in the film of the same name. Several books have been written about him: "The Rebellious Heart," "The Tale of Kirill Orlovsky" and others.

And the collective farm began with the fact that almost all the peasants lived in dugouts.

Eyewitnesses describe it like this: “The bins in the yards of collective farmers were bursting with good. He rebuilt the village, paved the road to the district center and the village street, built a club, a ten-year school. There was not enough money - he took all his savings from the book - 200 thousand - and invested in the school. He paid scholarships to students, preparing a reserve of personnel.

This “Top Secret” statement (such was the applicant’s status), written just three days after Minsk was liberated and never intended to be published, tells more about the person who wrote it, the country and the era. than whole volumes of books. It also says a lot about our time, although it was not intended for this at all.

It immediately becomes clear what kind of people built the USSR - about the same as Orlovsky. There are no questions on whom Stalin relied on during the construction of the country - it was on such people that he gave such people all the opportunities to prove themselves. The whole world saw the result - the USSR, which literally rose from the ashes twice, Victory, Space and much more, where only one would be enough to glorify the country in history. It also becomes clear what type of people worked in the Cheka and the NKVD.

If anyone did not understand from the text of the statement, I will emphasize: Kirill Orlovsky is a Chekist, a professional saboteur-"liquidator", that is, it is precisely the "NKVDshny executioner" in the truest sense of the word, and as the fools who love to trump with pseudo-criminal vocabulary would say - "camp guard" (completely not understanding the meaning of this word and to whom it referred). Yes, that's right - a year (1936) before volunteering for Spain, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was the head of the section of the Gulag system on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal.
Yes, that's right - often the chiefs and security officers were about such People, although, of course, people, like everywhere, came across all sorts. If anyone does not remember, the great teacher Makarenko also worked in the Gulag system - he was the head of the colony, and then - the deputy head of the "children's Gulag" in Ukraine.

It is clear that then "all the best people"," all thinking people. Therefore, only downtrodden slaves built and defended the country. Like Kirill Orlovsky. That is why the united forces of continental Europe under the leadership of Adolf Hitler could not cope with it.

Naturally, all, as one, then were "initiativeless gray slaves" in the days of the "administrative-command economy", where almost every nail was strictly regulated from the center. How about this for the last twenty years they explain to us every day on TV. Only it remains unclear how this collective farm was built according to the plan drawn up by the chairman, how specialists - agronomists, livestock specialists, etc., were specially trained under his order?

However, everything becomes immediately clear what type of people took responsibility, and not by order, but personally, and raised the country from ruins in unprecedented time. Well, of course, “only a private owner can be efficient”, “private initiative”, “pursuit of profit” and “market economy can create effectively” and stuff like that.

It was not for nothing that cities, streets and factories were named after Stalin's managers.

True, under "inefficient totalitarianism" there were enough forces and means for the strongest army in the world, capable of withstanding the combined forces of the "golden billion", and for the universal best education in the world, and for free universal healthcare, and for brilliant science, and for space, and for a decent life for everyone, and not for the elite, and for kindergartens, and for pioneer camps, and for free sports for everyone, and even for supporting the system of socialism and communist parties around the world, as well as many other things.

Now all this is gone, the “ballast has been dropped”, all allies have been betrayed, everything that can be destroyed and sold, but for some reason there is no money for anything. Built then, now under the guidance of “effective managers” and “effective owners”, we cannot now, let alone repeat, even repair. This is to the question of which system is more effective and which one was led by People and Heroes, and which one was scum and traitors.

Well, about the monkeys declaring that “Soviet people performed feats at gunpoint of detachments” - it’s probably not even worth mentioning.

It is clear that Kirill Orlovsky and his Falcons detachment, like everyone else, fought SO for years surrounded by enemies solely out of fear. What other motives could there be?

But what are the motives of people: “I live very well financially. Morally - bad.

And it’s bad for him because he cannot give, and not row to himself and consume.

Nothingness, in principle, can not understand the motives of the actions of People. The fact that a Man, having money in his hands, can give it to a school, that you can not steal, that a person can voluntarily go to death - all this is simply beyond their understanding.

Just imagine: a person, a disabled person, of the first group - without both hands, who can hardly take care of himself, almost deaf. because he is able to work for people yet. But not to teach, for example, at the NKVD school, but again to do the almost impossible, at the limit of human strength - to build the best collective farm in the USSR from a village burned to the ground, inhabited for the most part by widows, old people, disabled people and teenagers.

Is it possible to imagine in his place Gaidar, Chubais, Abramovich, Potanin, Rotenberg, Miller and others, these snickering friends of Putin? Basically impossible, right?

It was the Orlovskys who gave all their savings to build a school burned down by the enemy, and the Putin-Medvedevs have a watch on their wrist, for the cost of which you can build several rural schools, while schools in the country have been brought by their regime to such a state that they are collapsing, burying students under them.

This is the leader of the country, when his country lived in huts and dugouts, he himself walked in worn out boots and ate from the soldiers' canteen, and gave all the income from published works to scholarships for talented students and awards to creators. And these destroy schools in order to build houses for thieves in their place, destroy education so that they will be accepted to the West when their watch to destroy the remnants of Russia ends, they destroy industry and the army in order to sell the remnants, and withdraw the money to the enemy, fearing that that a revolution would take place in the country they had robbed, and what was stolen from the people would be confiscated.

It was under Stalin's managers that twice out of the millions of post-war orphans, most of whom were street criminals, raised happy people, giving them a roof over their heads, education, medical care and providing them with jobs. And even officially in the eReFii country now every third conscript is a dystrophic, you can imagine how his childhood passed. And these, so to speak, "leaders of the country" without any war brought tens of millions of normal working families to a bestial state and turned millions of children into homeless children and criminals.

As one of our comrades said, that in comparison with such a Person, all “effective managers”, “guarantors”, “bright personalities”, “creators”, etc. taken together are nothing more than a bunch of dung worms and maggots swarming in a pile of shit . There is no other comparison to be made.

Hero of the Soviet Union Chernov Kirill Prokofievich

Chernov Kirill Prokofievich - Commander of the 9th Guards Separate Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade (47th Army, Voronezh Front), Guards Lieutenant Colonel.

Born on May 27 (June 8 - according to the new style), 1907 in the village of Omelenskaya Sloboda, now Bobruisk district, Mogilev region, in a peasant family. Belarus. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1930. Graduated from 7 classes. He worked as a mechanic at the Bobruisk timber processing plant.

In the Red Army since 1929. Graduated from the United military school in 1933, the Higher Officer Artillery School. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since August 1941. Near Stalingrad, he commanded an anti-tank artillery regiment, in the Battle of Kursk - an artillery brigade. Here, in just one day, on July 7, Chernov's soldiers, south of Lukhanin, together with a tank regiment, destroyed more than 80 enemy armored vehicles. He distinguished himself in the battles on the Dnieper. The commander of the 9th Guards Separate Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade of the 47th Army of the Voronezh Front, Guards Lieutenant Colonel Chernov, received an order to eliminate enemy attempts to reach the rear of the 47th Army near the village of Gelmyazov, Drabovsky District, Cherkasy Region. The enemy, with forces of up to 40 tanks with armored vehicles and wedges, counterattacked our positions several times, trying to break through the front of the brigade and leave the village of Chernobay on the Bogodukhov-Zolotonosha highway.

In the battles of September 22, 1943, the gunners of the brigade of Lieutenant Colonel Chernov destroyed six tanks, eight armored vehicles and armored personnel carriers, and two wedges. The enemy did not pass in this sector and, under the swift onslaught of our troops, rolled across the Dnieper.

On October 2, 1943, a critical situation arose on the right bank of the Dnieper. The Nazis, with the help of one rifle division and a battalion of motorcyclists, with the support of artillery, tried to overturn our troops into the river. After two hours of artillery preparation, the Nazis went on the attack. The brigade was urgently transferred to the right-bank bridgehead near the village of Pekari (Kanevsky district, Cherkasy region) and entered the battle. The brigade commander was at the observation post of the brigade and led the battle. All artillery regiments bravely fought to hold the captured bridgehead, repelled all enemy attacks and ensured not only the retention of the bridgehead, but also its significant expansion. In two days of fighting, the brigade knocked out 35 tanks and destroyed up to two enemy infantry regiments.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 24, 1943, for courage, courage and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Lieutenant Colonel Kirill Prokofievich Chernov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 3650) .

The brigade participated in the battles for the liberation of Kyiv and received the name "Kyiv". In the battle on the outskirts of Western Ukraine, K.P. Chernov was seriously wounded. Returning from the hospital, already as commander of the 170th light artillery brigade, he participated in the defeat of the Nazi troops in Hungary and Austria. In 1946 he graduated from the Higher Academic Artillery Courses.

Since 1961, Major General of Artillery Chernov has been in reserve. Lived and worked in Nizhny Novgorod. Died October 18, 1972. He was buried in Nizhny Novgorod at the Maryina Roshcha cemetery.

He was awarded two orders of Lenin (24.12.43; 05.11.54), three orders of the Red Banner (17.01.42; 02.06.42; 11.15.50), orders of Kutuzov 3rd degree (No. 2044 of 18.04.45), Alexander Nevsky ( No. 3132 dated 02/18/43), World War II, 1st degree (09/12/43), Red Star (04/30/45), medals.

The saber that exploded in the hand of a Soviet intelligence officer and saboteur after being shot by a German sniper divided his life into two completely different parts. In the most difficult field conditions, using anesthesia in the form of a glass of vodka, with an ordinary carpenter's saw, on a table made hastily from stakes and skis, and under fire, his right hand and four fingers on his left were completely amputated. The man was practically written off as a hopeless invalid, but after three months of treatment he was ready to get into service.

Saboteur number 1

It turned out to be the most difficult thing for me to write about the former chairman of the Rassvet collective farm of the Kirovsky district, Kirill ORLOVSKII. What new things can be told about him when many films have already been shot, essays and books have been written, when it is already well known that he became the prototype of one of the main characters of the legendary film “The Chairman” and the equally famous work of Ernest Hemingway “For Whom the Bell Tolls” ? And yet I dare to suggest that many, even from the older generation, are unlikely to remember this amazing, unique and at the same time simple person.

He was born in the family of a middle peasant in the village of Myshkovichi in the present-day Kirov district of the Mogilev region on January 30, 1895. Since his close relatives are no longer in Belarus, I will talk about him based on materials provided by the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus.

Meeting of Sokolov commissars Grigory IVASHKEVICH and Kirill ORLOVSKY, 1967

So, from 1906 to 1910, Kirill Prokofievich studied at the Popovshchina parochial school. Almost in parallel, until 1915, he worked on his father's farm. At the age of 20, he went to serve in the tsarist army, received the rank of non-commissioned officer and the position of commander of a sapper platoon. He served in Moscow, and then on the Western Front. Participated in the civilian as the commander of the Kacherichsky Red Partisan detachment, until May 1919 - an employee of the Bobruisk Cheka. In 1920 he graduated from the Moscow courses of command staff. He also took part in the Soviet-Polish war, commanded the Red Partisan detachments in Poland and Western Belarus. Worked together with Stanislav Vaupshasov. These two scouts and saboteurs were so secretive that even the OGPU authorities did not know about them. The Presidium of the Voivodeship of Poland appointed high award for the capture of Mucha-Mikhalsky (one of Orlovsky's pseudonyms).

An excerpt from a document dated May 9, 1924: “To the headman (in his own hand) in Stolin. On the basis of the proposal of the Ministry of the Interior of Poland, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers appointed 10 billion marks for the capture of the bandit Mucha-Michalski and at the same time promised a reward of up to 5 million marks to the one who would give relevant information to the police and facilitate the arrest of the mentioned bandit.

In the autobiography of Kirill Orlovsky, which is in the "personal list of leading personnel," it is said that from 1925 to 1930 he studied at the Communist University of National Minorities of the West named after Markhlevsky, which trained political workers. After that, he worked at a special department of the NKVD of the BSSR for the selection and training of red partisan personnel in case of war. From May to January 1936, he was appointed authorized by the special department of the NKVD of the 5th rifle corps of Bobruisk, then voluntarily went to the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as the head of the section.

Ernest Hemingway

Throughout 1937, Orlovsky, under the pseudonym Strik (from striker - a striker in the trigger mechanism of small arms. - Auth.) Was on an illegal business trip in Spain, fought as a commander of saboteurs. His group performed the most difficult operations, and Orlovsky himself was called a man with "exceptional personal courage." There, in Spain, he lived for a week in the Madrid Gaylord Hotel, where he met Ernest Hemingway, becoming the prototype of his character Robert Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls. In order not to put his life at risk, Kirill Prokofievich was appointed adviser to the Madrid International Reconnaissance and Sabotage Detachment, but he took his groups on raids twice more. During one of them he received a severe contusion of the spine - a grenade exploded too close.

In November 1938 he returned to Moscow. The Order of Lenin for the fight against the Spanish fascists was awarded to him right in the hospital ward. The doctors also had their own "sentence" - recognition as unfit for work in the special services. And after the restoration, he was sent as deputy rector for the economic part of the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute, where, in addition to his immediate duties, Orlovsky managed to attend classes. By the way, this knowledge was useful to him in the future, in the chairman's work.

In the spring of 1941, Kirill Prokofievich was sent to Alma-Ata already under the guise of an employee of the People's Commissariat of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy. An experienced intelligence officer and saboteur was to organize a base for Soviet agents. Having completed one task, he receives another: in Xinjiang, steal a Soviet resident from the Chinese counterintelligence. As a result of a successful operation, he returned to the USSR in a cotton bale.

Spain, 1937 Kirill ORLOVSKY

When did the Great Patriotic War, “Kirill” (this is how he began to pass through operational correspondence. - Auth.) Was still in China, but really wanted to be sent to Belarus to fight the Nazis. He repeated all the time: "I am a partisan militant, not an operative."

At the end of the summer, a letter arrived in Moscow addressed to the head of the 1st department of the NKGB of the USSR Pavel Fitin: “Kirill” asks to be sent to the rear of the Nazis to fight. Knows well the region of Brest, Baranovichi, Pinsk. From Moscow they answered: “If necessary, we will use Kirill at another job. Now he must work in a military way in the area entrusted to him. Nevertheless, Orlovsky personally wrote to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR Lavrenty Beria a statement with a request to send him to the rear for partisan and sabotage work. The request was granted, he led the partisan detachment of special forces "Falcons".

The report of the commander of the reconnaissance and sabotage group of the NKGB of the BSSR, Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel Kirill Orlovsky to the Minister of State Security of the BSSR, Lieutenant General Lavrenty Tsanava, dated January 1951, is stored in the National Archives. Here is his excerpt:

“In May 1942, I was recalled from a special mission and arrived in Moscow. In the 4th Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR, Lieutenant-General Sudoplatov instructed me to complete and prepare a reconnaissance and sabotage group of 20 people from the NKVD troops. Until October 25, 1942, I completed the order. The group was selected and trained in the composition of: Nikolsky Sergey Alexandrovich, deputy for intelligence, captain Cherepanov, commissar of the group, three radio operators with walkie-talkies and 15 fighters. On the night of October 25-26, 1942, we parachuted from a Douglas aircraft in the area of ​​Lake Vygonovsky on the border of the Pinsk and Baranovichi regions of the BSSR. We hid our parachutes in the dense forest, in the impenetrable Pinsk marshes, and crossed on foot to the territory of the Baranovichi region. Two kilometers from the Buda railway station, a small dugout was built in the forest, from which they conducted their reconnaissance and sabotage work for the first 4 months.

Already in February 1943, several small groups were working under my leadership, numbering 195 people, of which more than half lived in Baranovichi and villages. In the first period, we used my old contacts in sabotage and reconnaissance work from 1920 to 1925. In particular, contacts were restored in the village of Kuleni, Lyakhovichi district, with the two brothers Fedorovich, Skulei, Melnikov, Khaletsky and Shpak from the village of Talminovichi and others, who helped me to establish contact with the population and establish reconnaissance and sabotage work. The population of the Baranovichi region supplied us with food, intelligence and sheltered us from the enemy. After the destruction of the landowners' estates, we distributed all the food and livestock to the local population. This facilitated the recruitment of messengers, a significant replenishment came to our ranks. As a result of sabotage and reconnaissance work, 2 police garrisons were destroyed (the following is a list of operations carried out. - Auth.).

At 12 am from February 16 to 17, 1943, undercover intelligence officer Vasily Khaletsky reported that at 11 am on February 17, the commissioner of Belarus Wilhelm Kube, his deputy gebitskommissar Friedrich Fentz, the fascist head of the Belarusian forests Zacharius and other prominent fascist bosses. They will be accompanied by security in the amount of 40 people. They must go from the town of Sinyavka, Baranovichi region, where they will arrive by car to the Mashuki forestry, and then they will go deep into the forest in carts with the above-mentioned guards and large quantity dogs. There was little time left before the start of the operation, most of my people were sent on a mission, and only 15 people remained with me, armed with one light machine gun, 5 machine guns and a rifle.

Putting on camouflage robes, even before dawn, we with a group of 15 fighters approached the Sinyavka-Mashukovsky forests road and disguised ourselves in the snow 15 meters from it. Patiently waiting for their "prey". At 11 o'clock in the morning, an enemy convoy appeared on the road. Preparing for the operation, he carefully explained the task to each fighter. He ordered to open fire only on my signal after the shot of a light machine gun. After that, everyone had to shoot at the figures riding on the enemy's wagon train. Each fighter was 15-20 meters apart from each other. I counted on the fact that the outcome of the battle could end positively if we take advantage of the moment of surprise and heroically dare in this battle. When the convoy approached me, I noticed that the guards were waiting for our meeting. German soldiers and policemen kept weapons and dogs at the ready. Considering that the superiority of forces was on the side of the enemy, it would be pointless to open fire on him, I did not give a signal for battle. The enemy passed without noticing us at all. I decided to meet him at the same place at 5-6 pm when returning from hunting, considering that vigilance would be lowered, and the German soldiers would get tired during the day. My fighters were dissatisfied with the decision, as well as the February frost, which cut through to the bone. We remained motionless in the snow for about 12 hours.

At 6 pm at dusk we saw the same convoy, only from the opposite side. The enemy guards calmed down. Apparently, she believed that the danger for them had passed. The weapons were placed in a sleigh, and the half-drunk authorities, with two dead boars lying on the sledge, were driving to the town of Sinyavka. When the convoy approached at a distance of 10-15 meters, I gave the signal to fight. Friedrich Fens, Zacharius, 10 fascist officers and 30 guards were killed. Only two officers and two policemen escaped. There were no losses on our side. During the battle, I managed to throw two bundles of 800 grams of tola under the sled. The third bundle I was about to throw exploded in my hands. I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked, taken to Tsygankov's partisan detachment for treatment, since there was no doctor in the group. As it turned out later, on February 18, a large punitive detachment arrived at the place of our battle, but we were no longer there. We learned that Commissar Wilhelm Kube did not come to hunt at that time. I received medical treatment in the detachment, but I could no longer participate in sabotage work. On February 23, due to the onset of gangrene, without anesthesia and with a simple saw, I was amputated. In August 1943, he was taken by plane to Moscow.

In September 1943, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

He worked in intelligence for 8 years, crossed the front line 72 times and carried out such operations, for which special forces soldiers are now being trained. And although he was completely written off with severe injuries and group I disability, sent home to his family, his restless nature did not allow him to sit still.

On July 6, 1944, he wrote a letter to Joseph Stalin: “Thanks to the People's Commissar of State Security, Comrade Merkulov, and the head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I live very well financially. Morally - bad. The party of Lenin-Stalin brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?

To moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful labor.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted the possible time to work on agricultural literature.

From 1930 to 1936, by the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, thoroughly looked at this business and fell in love with it.

If the Government of the USSR had released a loan in the amount of 2175 thousand rubles in merchandise terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators: (the list follows. - Auth.).

I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, on sending me to this work and granting the loan I requested.

The request of Kirill Orlovsky was granted, he returned to his small homeland. In January 1945, he was elected chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Kirov region.

About how the former saboteur and intelligence officer managed the economy, and "Dawn" became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR, we will tell in the next material.