Private life of the family of Nicholas 2. Daily life of the royal family in Tobolsk. Kosygin - Tsarevich Alexei

The first thoughts about leaving Tsarskoye Selo arose among the August Prisoners as early as the beginning of March 1917, but then it was reported through Count Benckendorff that “we will stay here for quite a long time” (Emperor’s note of March 11). On July 11, 1917, an entry reappears in the diary of Nicholas II that Kerensky reported on the possible departure of the family to the south "due to the proximity of Central<арского>Villages to the restless capital. The hope that they would be transported to the Crimea, to Livadia, the Imperial family retained almost until the very departure, while Kerensky had already changed his mind and turned his attention to the cities of Western Siberia. He later recalled that the idea of ​​Tobolsk came to him by accident. Having learned that the city was approaching this "mission" in all respects, Kerensky made the final decision. No one was supposed to know about this decision, it was a secret of national importance. But soon the secret was "confidentially" told to all of Petrograd. Various rumors spread that the Tsar was being taken away from the Alexander Palace either to Kostroma or Tobolsk.

E.A. Naryshkina, who had come out of prison by that time, already on July 16, that is, about two weeks before departure, wrote: “Kn. Paley told me that the usually well-informed Englishman told them yesterday that the inhabitants of the Alexander Palace were taken and taken to Tobolsk on the night of Thursday to Friday! I vigorously objected, but such rumors prove that this idea is in the air. Among the rumors there was a version about the Ipatiev Monastery in Kostroma.

“They are taking away ... to one of the distant provincial cities ... And we were counting on a long stay in Livadia!”

The topic of departure also worried the prisoners themselves: “We all thought and talked about the upcoming trip; it seems strange to leave here after 4 months of seclusion. They are packing their things and still hoping to leave for Livadia. Three days before they were informed that they were being taken “not to the Crimea, but to one of the distant provincial towns, three or four days’ journey to the east! But they don’t say where exactly, even the commandant doesn’t know. And we somehow counted on a long stay in Livadia, ”the Sovereign writes.

On July 31, the day of departure, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich visited his brother, but they spoke for only 10 minutes in the presence of Kerensky. The process of leaving Tsarskoe Selo took a long time and ended at 5-6 o'clock in the morning.

Having reached Tyumen, the family boarded the ship "Rus", which delivered them to their destination.

With the move to Tobolsk, there were no drastic changes, but life nevertheless became different. First of all, this is connected with the house itself, where the Royal family was settled. It was a two-story mansion on the outskirts of the city, formerly owned by the governor, and now abandoned, empty and completely unprepared for life. The unfortunate Provisional Government, which had just survived the “July Crisis”, being pressed by the Bolsheviks and, on the whole, had acquired a sea of ​​​​problems in the socio-economic, political and military spheres, was not too quick in moving the Royal Family. The arrangement of the house took about a week, during which the Royal family was forced to live on board the ship "Rus". “The house is empty, dirty, and nothing is prepared in order to spend the night in it. Again on board the ship, until everything is prepared in our house and all other houses, ”the Empress writes in her diary. Only on August 13 did it finally become possible to move into the governor's house, which gave the impression of being uncomfortable and empty. “August 13th. Sunday.<…>Many rooms are not yet finished and have an unattractive appearance.<…>Everything has an old abandoned look,” wrote the Sovereign.

The royal family occupied the entire second floor of the house, servants and guards settled on the first floor, and a dining room was also located there. Part of the employees settled in the neighboring house opposite, the so-called "Kornilov's house". It took a lot of time to furnish the home. So, on September 20, Baron Bode arrived, who brought carpets, curtains, etc. from Tsarskoye. “September 26. Tuesday.<…>After tea, they dismantled the newly brought carpets and decorated our rooms with them, ”we read in the diary.

With a frost of 22 degrees in the office of the Sovereign and his daughters, it was + 10 ° C

Every now and then there were various troubles, such as a breakdown of the sewerage system, windows broken due to the wind, etc. In early December, there was almost no heating in some rooms. With a frost of 22 degrees in the office of the Sovereign and his daughters, it was + 10 ° C, "therefore, day and night I sit in the Circassian plastunskaya."

During the first time of his stay in Tobolsk, the life of the family was not established. From August to the beginning of September there were no lessons, all the forces of the Imperial family were thrown into the improvement of the house and the backyard territory. There are swings in the yard. Games became frequent entertainment: dominoes, bones, "towns", "bezique", in winter an ice slide was built. The only thing that never stopped was the attendance by the Royal Family of divine services. “Such spiritual consolation in these times!” wrote the Sovereign on October 22 in his diary after receiving the Holy Gifts. By the way, unlike Tsarskoye Selo, here they were allowed to visit the city church. Although visiting the Church of the Annunciation was one of the favorite events of the family, but often, under the pretext of imaginary danger, this “privilege” was canceled for the prisoners.

At first, the service was conducted in one of the halls of the governor's house. Nuns from the Ioannovsky Monastery came here as choristers and a priest from the Church of the Annunciation.

Immediately upon arrival, the house was consecrated: “At 12 prayers, 4 nuns from the Ioannovsky Monastery sang. The abbess gave N. the image of St. John Maksimovich. At first, the priest Alexy Vasiliev served. Nicholas II spoke of him this way: “We all really like the priest who serves with us; four nuns sing."

“Went to a service in the cathedral… thankful for being in a real church for the first time in 6 months”

The family attended the first divine service in the temple on Friday, September 8 - for the holiday. A visit to the church, located outside the walls of the governor's house, was, apparently, a very serious action, because the local authorities had been preparing for it for more than one day. Judging by how large the number of guards stationed along the path along which the Royal Family walked to the temple, it can be assumed that the authorities saw this as a considerable risk. “At 12 we went to serve in Blagov<ещенский>sob<ор>on foot, I am in my armchair, through the city garden; the soldiers are posted all the way, the crowd where they crossed the street. Very unpleasant, but, nevertheless, grateful for being in a real church, for 6 months [for the first time],” the Empress writes. The royal family was only allowed to attend early services. “We were present exclusively at early masses,” recalled French teacher P. Gilliard, “almost alone in this church, barely consecrated with a few wax candles.”

Although visiting the city church was a consolation for the Emperor's family, the awareness of their lack of freedom was especially acute here, in the distant provincial city of Western Siberia. “Here, the feeling of being locked up is much stronger than it was in C<арском>FROM<еле>", - the Sovereign writes in his diary of August 26.

As before, reading books continued in the evenings, which were now read aloud not only by Nicholas II, but also by Tatishchev, Dolgorukov, and Botkin. Not far from the house was an abandoned garden - a "bad garden", as the Emperor called it. On this site, Nicholas II was engaged in the preparation of firewood for the house and made a small pond for ducks. “Many were in the air; filled the duck pond and sawed wood for our bath. Wood sawing soon became a common activity, turning into a kind of sport for the daughters of the Emperor. After the destruction of the ice slide by the soldiers in early 1918, this became their only entertainment. Alexandra Fedorovna at that time was engaged in needlework, drawing or writing letters.

Another occupation that gave pleasure to the Emperor's family was their communication with the guard soldiers. Up to the change of composition at the beginning of 1918, the princesses and the Emperor could freely enter the guardroom, talk and play with the soldiers. “The Grand Duchesses with charming simplicity loved to talk with these people, who, like them, still felt connected with the past,” recalled P. Gilliard.

With the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, the conditions of detention of the Tsar's prisoners began to change. In January 1918, their content was reduced to 600 rubles. per person deducted from their personal wealth, butter and coffee were removed from the diet as luxury products, the composition of the guard was changed: the good-natured soldiers were replaced by boorish and unscrupulous "Reds".

The lessons of the Tsar's children began in mid-September: “September 28. Thursday. From the beginning of the week the children went to classes in the morning; I continue the lessons of history and geography with Alexei. The subjects taught remain the same. On October 8, K.M. was admitted to teaching children. Bitner: October 10th. Tuesday.<…>Klavdia Mikhailovna Bitner, who arrived here two days ago, gave me a letter from Xenia. Today she began to study with children, except for Olga, in various subjects. Classes were conducted from 9 am to 11 am and continued after evening tea until 6 pm. Due to the increase in the number of lessons, the walk now ended at 4 o'clock. The schedule of classes has also undergone some changes in this regard. Alexandra Feodorovna continued to teach Maria, Tatiana and Alexei the Law of God, and Tatiana taught German. The Empress no longer outlines in detail the content of all the lessons. This must be due to the deterioration of her health.

In general, during this trip to the East and stay in Tobolsk, the health of the members of the whole family noticeably changed for the worse. To a greater extent, this can be seen from the state of the Empress. In the diaries written in Tsarskoye, there are practically no complaints of Alexandra Feodorovna about her health; her pains in her heart, which are apparently indicated in the diary with a heart symbol, began during the journey - on August 5, then continued on the evening of the 8th. On August 9, Maria apparently began to have heart pains, as a result of which she developed a fever. By the time she moved into the house, the princess had almost recovered. Until October, Alexandra Fedorovna does not write about heart attacks. They resumed only at the end of October and caused pain for three days in a row - from October 19 to October 21, then they stopped. In addition to pain in the heart, the Empress suffered from toothache and headaches and insomnia derived from them. These illnesses continued alternately from the end of August to September. On October 17, the dentist Kostritsky arrived from the Crimea, where the Sovereign and Empress were treated.

Tsarevich Alexei also fell ill often during the time described. On August 25, he developed mild bronchitis with pain in his ear, and on August 29 he recovered. Then, from mid-October, the boy's leg got sick and swollen, and a few days later, his arm and second leg.

The everyday life of the Royal family in Tobolsk cannot be called idyllic or cloudless. In general, the daily routine was preserved, but here life flowed more slowly and more boringly. And because of this, diary entries are getting shorter, more often the words appear: "The day passed as usual." At the same time, relations with the "authorities" became worse and control tightened. However, control concerned only the Royal family, the authorities had not yet encroached on the freedom of those close to the Sovereign. Employees could move freely around the city, go to the crowned bearers at a convenient time; so, Kolya Derevenko, the son of the life surgeon V.N., often came to the Heir. Derevenko. This in many ways allowed the family to find out what was happening "in the world." In the meantime, events took place in Petrograd that predetermined the fate of the Royal Family and Russia: on October 25, the Bolsheviks came to power.

Schedule

“The whole external and spiritual way of the domestic life of the royal family was a typical example of the pure, patriarchal life of a simple Russian religious family,” recalled M. K. Diterikhs. - Getting up in the morning from sleep or lying down in the evening, each of the family members performed his prayer, after which in the morning, having gathered together as much as possible, the mother or father loudly read to the other members the Gospel and Epistles laid down for that day.

In the same way, sitting down at the table or getting up from the table after eating, everyone performed the prescribed prayer, and only then did he take food or go to himself. They never sat down at the table if the father was delayed by something: they were waiting for him.

In this family, the alternation of various activities was also regulated, and the regime was observed quite strictly. But not so strict as to become unbearable for children. The daily routine did not burden the princesses and the prince.

When the imperial family was in Tsarskoye Selo, her life was more family in nature than in other places, receptions were limited due to the empress's poor health. The retinue did not live in the palace, so the family gathered at the table without outsiders and quite easily. The children, growing up, dined with their parents. Pierre Gilliard left a description of the winter of 1913/14, spent by the family in Tsarskoye Selo. Lessons with the heir began at 9 o'clock with a break between 11 o'clock and noon. During this break, a walk was made in a carriage, sleigh or car, then classes were resumed until breakfast, until one in the afternoon. After breakfast, teacher and student always spent two hours outdoors. The Grand Duchesses and the Sovereign, when he was free, joined them, and Alexei Nikolayevich had fun with his sisters, descending from an icy mountain, which was built on the shore of a small artificial lake. At 4 pm, lessons resumed until lunch, which was served at 7 o'clock for Alexei Nikolaevich and at 8 o'clock for the rest of the family. The day ended with reading aloud a book.

Idleness was absolutely alien to the family of the last emperor. Even after the arrest in Tsarskoye Selo, Nikolai Aleksandrovich and his family were always in business. According to M. K Dieterikhs, “we got up at 8 o'clock in the morning; prayer, morning tea all together ... They were allowed to walk twice a day: from 11 to 12 in the morning and from 2 and a half to 5 in the afternoon. In their free time from studies, the Empress and her daughters sewed something, embroidered or knitted, but they were never left without any work. The emperor at that time was reading in his office and putting his papers in order.

In the evening, after tea, the father would come to his daughters' room; he was given an armchair, a table, and he read aloud the works of Russian classics, while his wife and daughters, listening, did needlework or drew. From childhood, the sovereign was accustomed to physical work and taught his children to it. The emperor usually used the hour of the morning walk for walking, and he was accompanied for the most part by Dolgorukov; they talked about contemporary topics experienced by Russia. Sometimes, instead of Dolgorukov, one of his daughters accompanied him when they recovered from their illness.

During daytime walks, all members of the family, with the exception of the empress, were engaged in physical work: clearing the paths of the park from snow, or breaking ice for the cellar, or cutting off dry branches and cutting down old trees, preparing firewood for the coming winter. With the onset of warm weather, the whole family began to arrange a vast garden, and some officers and soldiers of the guard, already accustomed to the royal family and striving to show their attention and goodwill, took part in this work.

Gilliard also writes about this, talking about the imprisonment of the royal family in Tobolsk: “The emperor suffered from a lack of physical labor. Colonel Kobylinsky, to whom he complained about this, ordered to bring birch trunks, bought saws and axes, and now we could prepare firewood, which was so needed in the kitchen, as well as in the house for firing our stoves. This work in the open air was a great entertainment for us during our stay in Tobolsk. The Grand Duchesses, in particular, were passionately addicted to this new sport.

It should be noted here that such activities as, for example, weeding in the garden, the Grand Duchesses did not shun even before their arrest. The eldest daughters in the last years of their father's reign, during the First World War, were loaded to the limit. The Empress always made every effort to provide real benefit to her neighbors, and involved children in the cause of charity. This should be told in more detail.

Charity

In the comments to the diary entries and correspondence of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, we read that during the first years of her marriage, giving birth to children at intervals of two years and nursing them herself, at the same time oversaw the family's major charitable activities: workshops, schools, hospitals, a plan prison reform. The empress's own fortune was small, and in order to carry out her charitable actions, she had to cut personal expenses. During the famine of 1898, she gave 50,000 rubles from her personal funds to fight it - an eighth of the family's annual income. This is above and beyond the usual charitable deeds.

Countless times, often ill herself, the Empress traveled from Tsarskoye Selo to St. Petersburg to visit the sick. Being a good mother herself, she especially sympathized with the sorrows of other mothers. The people whom she knew well, and those who hardly knew her, were all sure that they would find warm sympathy for their troubles from Alexandra Feodorovna.

With special warmth, her close friends Anna Taneeva and Yulia Den remember Alexandra Feodorovna. They were precisely the queen's friends, and not the ladies of the court, they were in close contact with the emperor's family and left invaluable records about her. Taneeva helped the empress a lot in charitable undertakings, to which the royal children were constantly involved. The story of Anna Taneeva is very interesting. “The Empress, brought up in England and Germany,” she wrote, “did not like the empty atmosphere of St. Petersburg society, and she kept hoping to instill a taste for work. To this end, she founded the Needlework Society, whose members - ladies and young ladies were required to work at least three things a year for the poor. At first everyone set to work, but soon, like everything else, our ladies cooled off, and no one could work even three things a year. The idea didn't catch on. In spite of this, the empress continued to open houses of industriousness throughout Russia for the unemployed, established houses of charity for fallen girls, passionately taking the whole thing to heart ...

Describing life in the Crimea, I must say what an ardent part the Empress took in the fate of the tuberculosis patients who came to the Crimea for treatment. The sanatoriums in the Crimea were of the old type. Having examined them all in Yalta, the empress decided to immediately build sanatoriums on their estates with all the improvements at her own expense, which was done. For hours, I traveled around the hospitals on the orders of the empress, asking the patients on behalf of the empress about all their needs. How much money I carried from Her Majesty to pay for the treatment of the poor! If I found any egregious case of a lonely dying patient, the empress immediately ordered a car and went with me, personally "bringing money, flowers, fruits, and most importantly, the charm that she always knew how to inspire in such cases, bringing with her into the room so much kindness and vivacity to the dying man, how many tears of gratitude I saw!But no one knew about this: the Empress forbade me to speak of it.

The Empress co-organized four large bazaars in favor of tuberculosis in 1911-1914; they brought in a lot of money. She herself worked, painted and embroidered for the bazaar and, despite her poor health, stood at the kiosk all day, surrounded by a huge crowd of people. The police were ordered to let everyone through, and people crushed each other in order to get something from the hands of the empress or to touch her dress; she did not get tired of selling things that were literally snatched from her hands. Little Alexei Nikolaevich stood beside her on the counter, holding out pens with things to an enthusiastic crowd. On the day of the "white flower" the empress went to Yalta in a chaise with baskets of white flowers; the children accompanied her on foot. The enthusiasm of the people knew no bounds. The people, at that time untouched by revolutionary propaganda, adored Their Majesties, and this can never be forgotten...

The empress loved to visit the sick - she was a congenital sister of mercy; she brought courage and moral support to the sick. Wounded soldiers and officers often asked her to be near them during difficult dressings and operations, saying that "it's not so scary" when the Empress is nearby. How she went after her sick lady-in-waiting, Princess Orbeliani! Until the last minute of the princess's life, she remained with her and closed her eyes herself. Wishing to instill knowledge and skill in the proper care of infants, the Empress founded a school of nannies in Tsarskoye Selo at her own expense. At the head of this institution was the pediatrician Dr. Rauhfus.

The school had an orphanage with fifty beds. She also founded at her own expense an Invalid Home for two hundred soldiers - invalids of the Russo-Japanese War. Disabled people were trained here in every craft, for which purpose there were huge workshops at the house. Near the Invalid House, built in the Tsarskoye Selo park, the Empress arranged a whole colony of small houses in one room with a kitchen and vegetable gardens for family invalids. The Empress appointed Count Schulenburg, Colonel of Her Majesty's Ulansky Regiment, as head of the Invalid Home.

In addition to the institutions I have mentioned, the empress founded a school of folk art in St. Petersburg, where girls from all over Russia came to study handicraft. Returning to their villages, they became local instructors. These girls worked at the school with great enthusiasm. The Empress was especially interested in handicraft art; she spent hours with the head of the school choosing samples, drawings, coordinating colors, and so on. One of these girls was teaching my handicapped legs how to weave carpets. The school was splendidly organized and had a great future...

All those who suffered were close to her heart, and she gave everything of herself in order to comfort a person in a moment of sorrow.

There is practically nothing to add to the story of the devoted friend of the Empress. From this story, as well as from many other memories, it is quite obvious that the children shared the selfless motherly labors aimed at helping people. So it was in peacetime, but especially in the difficult days of the Russo-Japanese and World War I. Her Majesty turned the halls of the Winter Palace into workshops, gathered hundreds of noble ladies and maidens, and organized a workers' community. She herself worked tirelessly, and all her daughters took an example from their mother, diligently sewed and knitted, not excluding Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, who did not like needlework. Only one Harbin depot received from the Winter Palace up to twelve million different things.

“The August family was not limited to financial assistance, but also sacrificed their personal labors,” Monk Seraphim (Kuznetsov) testifies in the book “Orthodox Martyr Tsar”. - How many hands of the queen and daughters were embroidered with church air, covers and other things sent to the military, monastic and poor churches. I personally had to see these royal gifts and even have them in my distant desert monastery. Alexandra Feodorovna herself wrote to the sovereign during the First World War: “The exhibition-bazaar is working very well. Our things are sold out before they appear; each of us manages to make a pillow and a tire every day.

Until the time of Peter the Great, needlework was the main business of queens and princesses, but the work of the emperor's wife and daughters as nurses turned out to be an unheard-of undertaking, which caused amazement and criticism in secular society. It was completely incomprehensible why the Empress needed this. She was accused of hypocrisy, not imagining that the feverish activity in the hospital, according to eyewitnesses, did not stop from early morning until late at night. The empress and her older daughters got up early, sometimes going to bed at two in the morning. When the ambulance trains arrived, the Empress and the Grand Duchesses made dressings, not sitting down for a minute from 9 o'clock, sometimes until 3 o'clock in the afternoon. During difficult operations, the wounded begged the empress to be there, the dying asked her to sit by the bed, hold their hand or head, and despite her fatigue, she calmed them down for hours.

In addition to working in Tsarskoye Selo, Alexandra Feodorovna sometimes visited the institutions of the Red Cross in the western and central cities of Russia with the sovereign, and sometimes alone with her two older daughters. The Grand Duchesses often had to accompany the Empress on trips around Russia, they visited military hospitals, went to Headquarters. “The Grand Duchesses were very fond of these trips to Mogilev,” wrote P. Gilliard, “always too short, as it seemed to them: this made a small change in their monotonous and harsh life. They enjoyed more freedom there than in Tsarskoye Selo.

The station in Mogilev was very far from the city and stood almost in a field. The Grand Duchesses used their leisure time to visit the surrounding peasants and the families of railway employees. Their simple and artless kindness conquered all hearts, and since they were very fond of children, they could always be seen surrounded by a crowd of children, whom they gathered along the way and fed them with sweets.

But usually, according to T. Melnik-Botkina, "during the war, the already modest life of the royal family went the same day after day at work." How different was the way of life of this amazing family from what could be seen in the families of the nobility of their time and those who were reaching for this nobility! Is it any wonder that secular society so hated the holy family, whose life was a silent reproach to them and an example that they did not want to follow.

Education

Since the time of Emperor Nicholas was entirely devoted to state affairs, the education of children was in charge of Alexandra Feodorovna. Pierre Gilliard, recalling his first lessons with Olga and Tatyana, who were then ten and eight years old respectively, described the empress's attitude to the educational activities of her daughters: “The Empress does not miss a single word of mine; I have a very clear feeling that this is not a lesson that I am giving, but an examination that I am undergoing...

Over the following weeks, the Empress regularly attended the children's lessons ... She often had, when her daughters left us, to discuss with me the techniques and methods of teaching living languages, and I was always amazed at the common sense and insight of her judgments. Gilliard was clearly surprised by this attitude of the empress and "retained a very distinct memory of the extreme interest with which the empress treated the upbringing and education of her children, completely devoted to her duty." He talks about how Alexandra Feodorovna wanted to inspire her daughters to be attentive to their mentors, “demanding order from them, which is the first condition of politeness... While she was present at my lessons, at the entrance I always found books and notebooks carefully placed on the table in front of the place each of my students. I was never made to wait a single minute."

Not only Gilliard testifies to such attention of the empress to the educational activities of children. Sophie Buchshowden also writes: "She enjoyed attending the lessons, discussing with the teachers the direction and content of the classes." And Alexandra Feodorovna herself told the emperor in a letter: “The children have begun their winter lessons. Maria and Anastasia are unhappy, but Baby doesn't care. He is ready to study even more, so I told the lessons to go on instead of forty-fifty minutes, because now, thank God, he is much stronger.

Some opponents of the canonization of the royal family were indignant at how Orthodox parents, having the opportunity to choose mentors for their children, could appoint foreigners, non-Orthodox teachers to them. Turning again to the memoirs of A. A. Taneeva, let's see if the august couple was mistaken in this:
“The senior teacher who was in charge of their education was a certain P.V. Petrov. He assigned other mentors to them. In addition to him, among the foreigners were Mr. Gibbs, an Englishman, and Mr. Gilliard. Their first teacher was Mrs. Schneider, who used to be the teacher of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. She then taught the Russian language to the young empress and remained at court. Trina - as the empress called her - did not always have a pleasant character, but she was devoted to the royal family and followed her to Siberia. Of all the teachers, the children of their majesties most of all loved Gilliard "a (Pierre Gilliard. - M.K.), who first taught the Grand Duchesses French, and then became the tutor of Alexei Nikolaevich; he lived in the palace and enjoyed the full confidence of their majesties. Mr . Gibbs "a was also very loved; both followed to Siberia and remained with the royal family until the Bolsheviks separated them.

Even after the abdication of the sovereign from the throne and the arrest of the entire family, not knowing what awaits all of them in the future, the august parents decided that the children should not interrupt their studies. “As their highnesses recovered, they began to take lessons, but since teachers were not allowed to see them, with the exception of Gilliard, who was also arrested, Her Majesty divided these duties among everyone. She personally taught all the children the Law of God, His Majesty - Alexei Nikolaevich geography and history, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna - English to her younger sisters and brother, Ekaterina Adolfovna - arithmetic and Russian grammar, Countess Genne - history, Dr. Derevenko was entrusted with teaching Alexei Nikolaevich natural sciences, and my father studied Russian reading with him. Both of them were fond of the lyrics of Lermontov, whom Alexei Nikolaevich learned by heart; in addition, he wrote arrangements and compositions based on pictures, and my father enjoyed these activities ”(T. S. Melnik-Botkina).

Entertainment

The fact that the royal children never sat idle does not mean at all that they did not rest at all. The Empress also considered children's games to be a matter, and a very important one: “It is simply a crime to suppress children's joy and force children to be gloomy and important ... Their childhood should be filled as much as possible with joy, light, cheerful games. Parents should not be ashamed of the fact that they play and play pranks with their children. Maybe that's when they're closer to God than when they're doing what they think is the most important job."

Parents who want to follow the wise advice of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, these words can warn against two mistakes at once. First: adults have a tendency to sharply limit childish fun, while often forgetting that children are children and you can not constantly sacrifice their play for activities, even the most important ones. The second mistake is to let the child go by itself, not being interested in his activities during leisure hours, as, for example, many mothers do, allowing children to play computer games for hours on end. To organize a children's game unobtrusively and wisely is a great talent. Fortunately for themselves, the royal children did not know computers and they had wise, loving parents, always ready to share their fun, and therefore the rest of the grand duchesses and the heir was always cheerful and healthy.

If now parents themselves played with their children, or at least just thought about what they play and how their children have fun, many troubles could be avoided. This is not an exaggeration. What is play for a child? An act of creativity, knowledge, the first lessons of life. Normal children's play develops the child, teaches him to make decisions, to be independent. True, this does not mean that children's games should be strictly regulated. Otherwise, parents, afraid of falling into the first two mistakes, will make a third one - they will constantly interfere in the child’s game “from their adult bell tower”, wanting to make it correct and “developing”.

The fact that Her Majesty, not because of “pedagogical principles,” but from the heart felt the need to share the leisure of children, is evidenced by an excerpt from her letter to her eldest daughter: “And the fact that your old mother who loves you is always sick, also overshadows your life, poor kids. I am very sorry that I cannot spend more time with you and read and make noise and play together, but we must endure everything. Absolutely sincere breath!

Tsar Nicholas, as already mentioned, was also very fond of spending time with children, playing and having fun with them. “During daytime walks, the sovereign, who liked to walk a lot, usually went around the park with one of his daughters, but he also happened to join us, and with his help we once built a huge snow tower, which took the form of an impressive fortress and occupied us for several weeks. "(P. Gilliard). Thanks to Nikolai Alexandrovich, his children fell in love with physical exercises. The sovereign himself, according to the story of Yulia Den, loved to be in the fresh air, he was an excellent shooter, an excellent sportsman. He had extremely strong hands. Rowing was his favorite pastime. He loved kayaking and canoeing. When the imperial family rested in the Finnish skerries, the sovereign spent whole hours on the water.

External entertainment, such as trips, balls, the royal children practically did not know. They themselves came up with activities for themselves, in addition to outdoor games, walks and physical exercises - for example, they organized home theater productions. These small plays have always become a joyful event, giving both children and parents spiritual rest even in the tragic days of their imprisonment. The Grand Duchesses were very fond of solving puzzles. And Tsarevich Alexei, like any boy, collected all sorts of little things in his pocket - nails, ropes, and so on - the most interesting toys.

Summer trips to skerries or to the Crimea were a great joy for the royal children. During these short journeys, the sailors taught the children to swim. “But besides swimming, there was a lot of joyful things on these trips: boating, trips to the shore, to the islands, where you could mess around, pick mushrooms. And how many interesting things are on the yachts and ships that accompanied them! Rowing and sailing boat races, fireworks on the islands, lowering the flag with a ceremony” (P. Savchenko).

The whole family loved animals. In addition to dogs and a cat, they had a donkey Vanka, with whom the Tsarevich was very fond of playing. “Vanka was an incomparable, intelligent and funny animal,” recalls P. Gilliard. - When they wanted to give Alexei Nikolaevich a donkey, for a long time, but to no avail, they turned to all the horse dealers in St. Petersburg; then the Ciniselli circus agreed to give way to the old donkey, which, due to its decrepitude, was no longer fit for performances. And in this way "Vanka" appeared at the court, having fully appreciated, apparently, the palace stable. He amused us a lot, because he knew many of the most incredible tricks. He turned his pockets inside out with great dexterity, hoping to find sweets in them. He found a special charm in old rubber balls, which he casually chewed with one eye closed, like an old Yankee.

This is how four daughters and the son of Emperor Nicholas II spent their leisure time. Their games and entertainment, contributing to cheerfulness, did not in the least violate children's spontaneity, strengthened the friendship of children with their parents. This close friendship contributed to the unity of the family not only in joy, but also in sorrow, when in captivity the holy family showed even to people who were hostile to them an amazing example of love and unity in the face of mortal danger.

The Russian Empire. 1914

2nd place in the world in terms of GDP (after the USA),
- 4th place in the world in terms of total industrial production,
- 5th place in the world in terms of living standards. - the growth rate of industrial production - 1st place in the world.
- growth rate of national income - 1st place in the world.
- growth rate of labor productivity - 1st place in the world.
- the level of concentration of production - 1st place in the world.
- the volume of gold reserves - 3rd place in the world.
- one of the hardest currencies in the world - the Russian gold ruble.
- the world's largest oil exporter,
- the world's largest exporter of textile products,
- one of the world's largest manufacturers of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy products,
- one of the world's largest manufacturers of engineering products.
- one of the largest countries in the world in terms of coal production.
- one of the world's largest length of railways. One of the highest rates of railway construction in the world.
- the world's largest exporter of cereals, flax, eggs, milk, butter, meat, sugar, etc. Grain yields are 1/3 more than those of Argentina, the USA and Canada combined.
- the land issue was practically resolved (80% of the land in European Russia and 100% of the land in Siberia was in the hands of the peasants on the basis of ownership or lease). Increasing the fertility of the land and the number of crops, the active introduction of new tools, for example, tractors, new types of plows, etc.
- the most developed social legislation in the world - for example, the earnings of Russian workers are higher than the earnings of European ones, yielding (in the world) only to American earnings. The law on social insurance was adopted before all European states and the USA.
- one of the lowest levels of taxes among European countries (below the UK, France, Austria-Hungary and Germany, below the Russian taxes were only in Italy).
- the fastest demographic growth in the world (during the reign of Nicholas II, the population increased by about 60 million people).
- rapidly developing literacy. In particular, universal primary education, which had been successfully functioning since 1908, in 1918 it was planned to introduce universal secondary education. The largest number of female students among all European countries.
- rapidly developing healthcare system. In terms of the number of doctors, Russia is in 2nd place in Europe and 3rd in the world.
- one of the strongest armies in the world, which, moreover, is developing rapidly. The best Mosin rifles in the world, some of the best Maxim machine guns in the world and some of the best 76mm field guns in the world. The largest aviation fleet in the world. The world's best destroyers and some of the world's best battleships, the world's best mines and minelaying tactics.
- the world's largest river merchant fleet.
- production of some of the best steam locomotives in the world.
- alcohol consumption per capita is lower than in the main European countries.
- there are no problems with inflation and unemployment, since both are almost completely absent.
- the level of crime is lower than in the US and Western Europe.

History, like a venal girl, lies under every new "tsar". So, the newest history of our country has been rewritten many times. "Responsible" and "unbiased" historians rewrote biographies and changed the fate of people in the Soviet and post-Soviet period.

But today access to many archives is open. Conscience is the only key. What bit by bit gets to people does not leave indifferent those who live in Russia. Those who want to be proud of their country and raise their children as patriots of their native land.

In Russia, historians are a dime a dozen. If you throw a stone, you will almost always hit one of them. But only 14 years have passed, and no one can establish the real history of the last century.

Modern henchmen of Miller and Baer rob Russians in all directions. Either, mocking Russian traditions, they will start a carnival in February, or they will bring an outright criminal under the Nobel Prize.

And then we wonder: why is it in a country with the richest resources and cultural heritage, such a poor people?

Abdication of Nicholas II

Emperor Nicholas II did not abdicate the Throne. This act is a "fake". It was compiled and printed on a typewriter by the Quartermaster General of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief A.S. Lukomsky and the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the General Staff N.I. Basili.

This printed text was signed on March 2, 1917, not by Sovereign Nicholas II Alexandrovich Romanov, but by the Minister of the Imperial Court, Adjutant General, Baron Boris Frederiks.

After 4 days, the Orthodox Tsar Nicholas II was betrayed by the top of the Russian Orthodox Church, misleading the whole of Russia by the fact that, seeing this fake act, the clergy passed it off as a real one. And they transmitted by telegraph to the entire Empire and beyond its borders that the Sovereign supposedly abdicated the Throne!

On March 6, 1917, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church heard two reports. The first is the act on March 2, 1917 on the "abdication" of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II for himself and for his son from the Throne of the State of Russia and on the resignation of the Supreme Power. The second is the act on March 3, 1917 on the refusal of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich of the perception of the Supreme Power.

After the hearings, until the establishment in the Constituent Assembly of the form of government and the new fundamental laws of the Russian State, it was ORDERED:

« The aforementioned acts should be taken into account and performed and announced in all Orthodox churches, in urban churches on the first day after receiving the text of these acts, and in rural areas on the first Sunday or holiday, after the Divine Liturgy, with the performance of a prayer to the Lord God for the appeasement of passions, with the proclamation of many years to the God-protected State of Russia and its Blessed Provisional Government».

And although the top of the generals of the Russian Army for the most part consisted of Jews, but the middle officer corps and several higher ranks of the generals, such as Fyodor Arturovich Keller, did not believe this fake and decided to go to the rescue of the Sovereign.

From that moment, the division of the Army began, which turned into a Civil War!

The priesthood and the whole of Russian society split.

But the Rothschilds achieved the main thing - they removed Her Legitimate Sovereign from governing the country, and began to finish off Russia.

After the revolution, all the bishops and priests who betrayed the Tsar suffered death or dispersion around the world for perjury before the Orthodox Tsar.

Chairman of the V. Ch. K. No. 13666/2 comrade. Dzerzhinsky F. E. INSTRUCTION: “In accordance with the decision of V. Ts. I. K. and the Council of People's Commissars, it is necessary to put an end to priests and religion as soon as possible. Priests must be arrested as counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible. Churches are to be closed. Temple premises to be sealed and turned into warehouses.

Chairman V. Ts. I. K. Kalinin, Chairman of the Sov. nar. Komissarov Ulyanov /Lenin/.

Kill simulation

There is a lot of information about the Sovereign's stay with his family in prison and exile, about his stay in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, and it is quite truthful.

Was there a shooting? Or perhaps it was staged? Was it possible to escape or be taken out of the Ipatiev house?

It turns out yes!

There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner, in case of capture by revolutionaries, dug an underground passage to it. During the destruction of the house by Yeltsin, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel that no one knew about.

Thanks to Stalin and the intelligence officers of the General Staff, the Royal Family was taken to various Russian provinces, with the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius (Nevsky).

On July 22, 1918, Evgenia Popel received the keys to the empty house and sent a telegram to her husband, N. N. Ipatiev, to the village of Nikolskoye about the possibility of returning to the city.

In connection with the offensive of the White Guard Army, Soviet institutions were evacuated in Yekaterinburg. Documents, property and valuables were taken out, including those of the Romanov family (!).

Strong excitement spread among the officers when it became known in what condition the Ipatiev house was, where the Tsar's Family lived. Who was free from service, went to the house, everyone wanted to take an active part in clarifying the question: “where are They?”.

Some were inspecting the house, breaking down the boarded-up doors; others sorted things and papers that were lying about; the third, raked the ashes from the furnaces. Fourth, scoured the yard and garden, looking into all cellars and cellars. Everyone acted independently, not trusting each other and trying to find an answer to the question that worried everyone.

While the officers were inspecting the rooms, people who came to profit, took away a lot of abandoned property, which was then found in the market and flea markets.

The head of the garrison, Major General Golitsin, appointed a special commission of officers, mostly cadets of the General Staff Academy, chaired by Colonel Sherekhovsky. Which was instructed to deal with the finds in the Ganina Yama area: local peasants, raking up recent fires, found charred items from the Tsar's wardrobe, including a cross with precious stones.

Captain Malinovsky received an order to explore the Ganina Yama area. On July 30, taking with him Sheremetevsky, the investigator for the most important cases of the Yekaterinburg District Court A.P. Nametkin, several officers, the doctor of the Heir - V.N. Derevenko and the servant of the Sovereign - T.I. Chemodurov, went there.

Thus began the investigation into the disappearance of Tsar Nicholas II, the Empress, the Tsesarevich and the Grand Duchesses.

The Malinovsky Commission lasted about a week. But it was she who determined the area of ​​all subsequent investigative actions in Yekaterinburg and its environs. It was she who found witnesses to the cordon of the Koptyakovskaya road around Ganina Yama by the Red Army. I found those who saw a suspicious convoy that passed from Yekaterinburg into the cordon and back. I got evidence of destruction there, in the fires near the mines of the Royal things.

After the entire staff of the officers went to Koptyaki, Sherekhovsky divided the team into two parts. One, headed by Malinovsky, examined the Ipatiev house, the other, led by Lieutenant Sheremetevsky, took up the inspection of Ganina Yama.

When inspecting the Ipatiev house, the officers of the Malinovsky group managed to establish almost all the main facts in a week, on which the investigation then relied.

A year after the investigations, Malinovsky, in June 1919, showed Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I became convinced that the August family is alive ... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are a simulation of a murder.”

At the scene

On July 28, A.P. Nametkin was invited to the headquarters, and from the side of the military authorities, since civil power had not yet been formed, it was proposed to investigate the case of the Royal Family. After that, they began to inspect the Ipatiev House. Doctor Derevenko and old man Chemodurov were invited to participate in the identification of things; Professor of the Academy of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Medvedev, took part as an expert.

On July 30, Aleksey Pavlovich Nametkin participated in the inspection of the mine and fires near Ganina Yama. After the inspection, the Koptyakovsky peasant handed over to Captain Politkovsky a huge diamond, which was recognized by Chemodurov as a jewel belonging to Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna.

Nametkin, inspecting the Ipatiev house from August 2 to 8, had publications of the decisions of the Ural Council and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which reported on the execution of Nicholas II.

Inspection of the building, traces of shots and signs of spilled blood confirmed the well-known fact - the possible death of people in this house.

As for the other results of the inspection of the Ipatiev house, they left the impression of an unexpected disappearance of its inhabitants.

On August 5, 6, 7, 8, Nametkin continued to inspect the Ipatiev house, described the state of the rooms where Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alexandra Feodorovna, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses were kept. During the inspection, I found many small things that belonged, according to the valet T. I. Chemodurov and the doctor of the Heir V. N. Derevenko, to members of the Royal Family.

Being an experienced investigator, Nametkin, after examining the scene, stated that an imitation of execution took place in the Ipatiev House, and that not a single member of the Royal Family was shot there.

He repeated his data officially in Omsk, where he gave an interview on this topic to foreign, mainly American correspondents. Declaring that he had evidence that the Royal Family was not killed on the night of July 16-17, and was going to make these documents public soon.

But he was forced to hand over the investigation.

War with investigators

On August 7, 1918, a meeting of the branches of the Yekaterinburg District Court was held, where, unexpectedly for the prosecutor Kutuzov, contrary to agreements with the chairman of the court, Glasson, the Yekaterinburg District Court, by a majority of votes, decided to transfer the “case of the murder of the former Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II”, to a member of the court Ivan Aleksandrovich Sergeev .

After the transfer of the case, the house where he rented a room was burned down, which led to the death of Nametkin's investigative archive.

The main difference in the work of a detective at the scene lies in what is not in the laws and textbooks, in order to plan further activities for each of the significant circumstances discovered. That is why their replacement is harmful, because with the departure of the former investigator, his plan to unravel the tangle of riddles disappears.

On August 13, A.P. Nametkin handed over the case to I.A. Sergeev on 26 numbered sheets. And after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks, Nametkin was shot.

Sergeev was aware of the complexity of the upcoming investigation.

He understood that the main thing was to find the bodies of the dead. Indeed, in forensic science there is a rigid setting: "no corpse - no murder." He had great expectations for the expedition to Ganina Yama, where they searched the area very carefully and pumped out water from the mines. But ... they found only a severed finger and a prosthesis of the upper jaw. True, the “corpse” was also removed, but it was the corpse of the dog Grand Duchess Anastasia.

In addition, there are witnesses who saw the former Empress and her children in Perm.

The doctor Derevenko, who treated the Heir, like Botkin, who accompanied the Royal Family in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, testifies over and over again that the unidentified corpses delivered to him are not the Tsar and not the Heir, since the Tsar on his head / skull / should have a trace from a blow from the Japanese sabers in 1891

The clergy also knew about the release of the Royal Family: Patriarch St. Tikhon.

The life of the royal family after the "death"

In the KGB of the USSR, on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate, there was a special. department that monitored all the movements of the Royal Family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR. Whether someone likes it or not, this will have to be taken into account, and, consequently, Russia's future policy should be reconsidered.

Daughters Olga (she lived under the name Natalia) and Tatyana were in the Diveevsky Monastery, disguised as nuns, and sang in the kliros of the Trinity Church. From there, Tatyana moved to the Krasnodar Territory, got married and lived in the Apsheron and Mostovsky districts. She was buried on September 21, 1992 in the village of Solyonoye, Mostovsky District.

Olga, through Uzbekistan, went to Afghanistan with the emir of Bukhara, Seyid Alim-Khan (1880 - 1944). From there - to Finland to Vyrubova. Since 1956, she lived in Vyritsa under the name of Natalya Mikhailovna Evstigneeva, where she rested in Bose on 01/16/1976 (11/15/2011 from the grave of V.K. Olga, Her fragrant relics were partially stolen by one possessed, but were returned to Kazan temple).

On October 6, 2012, her remaining relics were removed from the grave in the cemetery, added to the stolen ones and reburied near the Kazan Church.

The daughters of Nicholas II Maria and Anastasia (who lived as Alexandra Nikolaevna Tugareva) were for some time in the Glinskaya Hermitage. Then Anastasia moved to the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region and got married on the Tugarev farm in the Novoanninsky district. From there she moved to St. Panfilovo, where she was buried on 06/27/1980. And her husband Vasily Evlampievich Peregudov died defending Stalingrad in January 1943. Maria moved to the Nizhny Novgorod region in the village of Arefino there and was buried on 05/27/1954.

Metropolitan John of Ladoga (Snychev, d. 1995) took care of Anastasia's daughter Yulia in Samara, and together with Archimandrite John (Maslov, d. 1991) took care of Tsarevich Alexei. Archpriest Vasily (Shvets, d. 2011) took care of his daughter Olga (Natalia). The son of the youngest daughter of Nicholas II - Anastasia - Mikhail Vasilyevich Peregudov (1924 - 2001), having come from the front, worked as an architect, a railway station in Stalingrad-Volgograd was built according to his project!

The brother of Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, was also able to escape from Perm right under the noses of the Cheka. At first he lived in Belogorye, and then moved to Vyritsa, where he rested in Bose in 1948.

Until 1927, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna was at the Tsar's Dacha (Vvedensky Skete of Seraphim of the Ponetaevsky Monastery in the Nizhny Novgorod Region). And at the same time she visited Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sukhumi. Alexandra Feodorovna took the name Xenia (in honor of St. Xenia Grigoryevna of Petersburg /Petrova 1732 - 1803/).

In 1899, Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna wrote a prophetic poem:

"In the solitude and silence of the monastery,

Where guardian angels fly

Far from temptation and sin

She lives, whom everyone considers dead.

Everyone thinks she already lives

In the Divine heavenly realm.

She steps outside the walls of the monastery,

Submissive to your increased faith!”

The Empress met with Stalin, who told her the following: "Live in peace in the city of Starobelsk, but there is no need to interfere in politics."

Stalin's patronage saved the Tsaritsa when local Chekists opened criminal cases against her.

Money transfers were regularly received in the name of the Queen from France and Japan. The Empress received them and donated them to four kindergartens. This was confirmed by the former manager of the Starobelsky branch of the State Bank Ruf Leontievich Shpilyov and the chief accountant Klokolov.

The Empress did needlework, making blouses, scarves, and straws were sent to her from Japan to make hats. All this was done by order of local fashionistas.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

In 1931, the Tsaritsa appeared at the Starobelsky regional department of the GPU and stated that she had 185,000 marks in the Berlin Reichsbank, and 300,000 dollars in the Chicago bank. She supposedly wants to transfer all these funds to the disposal of the Soviet government, provided that it provides for her old age.

The statement of the Empress was forwarded to the GPU of the Ukrainian SSR, which instructed the so-called "Credit Bureau" to negotiate with foreign countries about receiving these deposits!

In 1942, Starobelsk was occupied, the Empress on the same day was invited to breakfast with Colonel General Kleist, who suggested that she move to Berlin, to which the Empress replied with dignity: “I am Russian and I want to die in my homeland.” Then she was offered to choose any house in the city that she wished: it would not be good, they say, for such a person to huddle in a cramped dugout. But she refused that too.

The only thing the Tsaritsa agreed to was to use the services of German doctors. True, the commandant of the city nevertheless ordered a sign to be installed near the Empress's dwelling with an inscription in Russian and German: "Do not disturb Her Majesty."

What she was very happy about, because in her dugout behind the screen were ... wounded Soviet tankers.

The German medicine was very useful. The tankers managed to get out, and they safely crossed the front line. Taking advantage of the favor of the authorities, Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna saved many prisoners of war and local residents who were threatened with reprisal.

From 1927 until her death in 1948, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, under the name of Xenia, lived in the city of Starobelsk, Lugansk region. She took monastic vows with the name of Alexandra at the Starobelsk Holy Trinity Monastery.

Kosygin - Tsarevich Alexei

Tsarevich Alexei - became Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (1904 - 1980). Twice Hero of the Socialist Labor (1964, 1974). Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru. In 1935, he graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute. In 1938, head. department of the Leningrad regional party committee, chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council.

Wife Claudia Andreevna Krivosheina (1908 - 1967) - niece of A. A. Kuznetsov. Daughter Lyudmila (1928 - 1990) was married to Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani (1928 - 2003). The son of Mikhail Maksimovich Gvishiani (1905 - 1966) since 1928 in the State Pedagogical Department of Internal Affairs of Georgia. In 1937-38. deputy Chairman of the Tbilisi City Executive Committee. In 1938, the 1st deputy. People's Commissar of the NKVD of Georgia. In 1938 - 1950. early UNKVDUNKGBUMGB Primorsky Krai. In 1950 - 1953 early UMGB of the Kuibyshev region. Grandchildren Tatyana and Alexey.

The Kosygin family was friends with the families of the writer Sholokhov, the composer Khachaturian, and the rocket designer Chelomey.

In 1940 - 1960. - Deputy prev. Council of People's Commissars - Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1941 - Deputy. prev. Council for the evacuation of industry in the eastern regions of the USSR. From January to July 1942 - authorized by the State Defense Committee in the besieged Leningrad. Participated in the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoye Selo. The prince walked along Ladoga on the Shtandart yacht and knew the surroundings of the Lake well, therefore he organized the "Road of Life" through the Lake to supply the city.

Aleksey Nikolaevich created an electronics center in Zelenograd, but enemies in the Politburo did not allow him to bring this idea to fruition. And today Russia is forced to buy household appliances and computers all over the world.

The Sverdlovsk Region produced everything from strategic missiles to bacteriological weapons, and was filled with underground cities hiding under the Sverdlovsk-42 indices, and there were more than two hundred such Sverdlovsk.

He helped Palestine, as Israel expanded its borders at the expense of the lands of the Arabs.

He brought to life projects for the development of gas and oil fields in Siberia.

But the Jews, members of the Politburo, made the main line of the budget the export of crude oil and gas - instead of the export of processed products, as Kosygin (Romanov) wanted.

In 1949, during the promotion of the "Leningrad case" by G. M. Malenkov, Kosygin miraculously survived. During the investigation, Mikoyan, deputy. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, "organized Kosygin's long trip to Siberia, in connection with the need to strengthen the activities of cooperation, improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products." Stalin coordinated this business trip with Mikoyan in time, because he was poisoned and from the beginning of August until the end of December 1950 lay in the country, miraculously remaining alive!

In his treatment of Alexei, Stalin affectionately called him "Kosyga", since he was his nephew. Sometimes Stalin called him Tsarevich in front of everyone.

In the 60s. Tsarevich Alexei, realizing the inefficiency of the existing system, proposed a transition from a social economy to a real one. Keep records of sold, not manufactured products as the main indicator of the efficiency of enterprises, etc. Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov normalized relations between the USSR and China during the conflict on about. Damansky, having met in Beijing at the airport with Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai.

Alexei Nikolaevich visited the Venevsky Monastery in the Tula region and talked with the nun Anna, who was in touch with the entire royal family. He even gave her a diamond ring once, for clear predictions. And shortly before his death, he came to her, and she told him that He would die on December 18!

The death of Tsarevich Alexei coincided with the birthday of Leonid Brezhnev on December 18, 1980, and these days the country did not know that Kosygin had died.

The ashes of the Tsesarevich have been resting in the Kremlin wall since December 24, 1980!

There was no memorial service for the August Family

Until 1927, the Royal Family met on the stones of St. Seraphim of Sarov, next to the Tsar's dacha, on the territory of the Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim-Ponetaevsky Monastery. Now only the former baptismal remained from the Skit. It was closed in 1927 by the NKVD forces. This was preceded by general searches, after which all the nuns were moved to different monasteries in Arzamas and Ponetaevka. And icons, jewelry, bells and other property were taken to Moscow.

In the 20 - 30s. Nicholas II stayed in Diveevo at st. Arzamasskaya, 16, in the house of Alexandra Ivanovna Grashkina - schema nun Dominica (1906 - 2009).

Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the Royal Family and came there to meet with the Emperor and his cousin Nicholas II.

In the form of an officer, Nicholas II visited the Kremlin with Stalin, as confirmed by General Vatov (d. 2004), who served in Stalin's guard.

Marshal Mannerheim, having become the President of Finland, immediately left the war, as he secretly communicated with the Emperor. And in the office of Mannerheim hung a portrait of Nicholas II. Confessor of the Royal Family since 1912 Fr. Aleksey (Kibardin, 1882 - 1964), living in Vyritsa, took care of a woman who arrived there from Finland in 1956 on a post-maternity basis. the eldest daughter of the Tsar - Olga.

In Sofia after the revolution, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Highest Family Vladyka Feofan (Bystrov) lived.

Vladyka never served a memorial service for the August Family and told his cell-attendant that the Royal Family was alive! And even in April 1931, he traveled to Paris to meet with Sovereign Nicholas II and with the people who freed the Royal Family from imprisonment. Vladyka Feofan also said that over time the Romanov family would be restored, but through the female line.

Expertise

Head Oleg Makeev, Department of Biology of the Ural Medical Academy, said: “Genetic examination after 90 years is not only difficult due to the changes that have occurred in the bone tissue, but also cannot give an absolute result even if it is carefully performed. The methodology used in the studies already conducted is still not recognized as evidence by any court in the world.”

A foreign expert commission to investigate the fate of the Royal Family, established in 1989, chaired by Pyotr Nikolaevich Koltypin-Vallovsky, commissioned a study by scientists from Stanford University and received data on the inconsistency of the DNA of the “Yekaterinburg remains”.

The Commission provided for DNA analysis a fragment of the finger of V. K. St. Elizabeth Feodorovna Romanova, whose relics are stored in the Jerusalem Church of Mary Magdalene.

« The sisters and their children must have identical mitochondrial DNA, but the results of the analysis of the remains of Elizaveta Feodorovna do not correspond to the previously published DNA of the alleged remains of Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters, ”such was the conclusion of the scientists.

The experiment was conducted by an international team of scientists led by Dr. Alec Knight, a molecular systematist at Stanford University, with the participation of geneticists from Eastern Michigan University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, with the participation of Dr. Lev Zhivotovsky, an employee of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

After the death of an organism, DNA begins to rapidly decompose, (cut) into parts, and the more time passes, the more these parts are shortened. After 80 years, without creating special conditions, DNA segments longer than 200-300 nucleotides are not preserved. And in 1994, during the analysis, a segment of 1.223 nucleotides was isolated».

Thus, Peter Koltypin-Vallovskoy emphasized: “ Geneticists again denied the results of an examination conducted in 1994 in the British laboratory, on the basis of which it was concluded that the “Ekaterinburg remains” belonged to Tsar Nicholas II and his Family».

Japanese scientists presented to the Moscow Patriarchate the results of their research regarding the "Ekaterinburg remains".

On December 7, 2004, Bishop Alexander of Dmitrov, vicar of the Moscow Diocese, met with Dr. Tatsuo Nagai in the MP building. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Forensic and Scientific Medicine, Kitazato University (Japan). Since 1987 he has been working at Kitazato University, he is Vice Dean of the Joint School of Medical Sciences, Director and Professor of the Department of Clinical Hematology and the Department of Forensic Medicine. Published 372 scientific papers and delivered 150 presentations at international medical conferences in various countries. Member of the Royal Society of Medicine in London.

He carried out the identification of the mitochondrial DNA of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II. During the assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas II in Japan in 1891, his handkerchief was left there, which was applied to the wound. It turned out that the structures of DNA from the cuts in 1998 in the first case differ from the structure of DNA in both the second and third cases. A research team led by Dr. Nagai took a sample of dried sweat from the clothes of Nicholas II, stored in the Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo, and performed a mitochondrial analysis of it.

In addition, a mitochondrial DNA analysis of the hair, bone of the lower jaw and thumbnail of V.K. Georgy Alexandrovich, younger brother of Nicholas II, buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, was performed. I compared DNA from the cuts of bones buried in 1998 in the Peter and Paul Fortress with blood samples from the native nephew of Emperor Nicholas II Tikhon Nikolayevich, as well as with sweat and blood samples of Tsar Nicholas II himself.

Dr. Nagai's conclusions: "We got results different from those obtained by Drs. Peter Gill and Pavel Ivanov on five points."

Glorification of the King

Sobchak (Finkelstein, d. 2000), being the mayor of St. Petersburg, committed a monstrous crime - he issued death certificates for Nicholas II and members of his family to Leonida Georgievna. He issued certificates in 1996 without even waiting for the conclusions of Nemtsov's "official commission."

The “protection of the rights and legitimate interests” of the “Imperial House” in Russia began in 1995 by the late Leonida Georgievna, who, on behalf of her daughter, the “Head of the Russian Imperial House”, applied for state registration of the death of members of the Imperial House killed in 1918-1919. and the issuance of death certificates.

On December 1, 2005, an application was submitted to the Prosecutor General's Office for the "rehabilitation of Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family." This application was submitted on behalf of "Princess" Maria Vladimirovna by her lawyer G. Yu. Lukyanov, who replaced Sobchak in this post.

The glorification of the Royal Family, although it took place under Ridiger (Alexius II) at the Bishops' Council, was just a cover for the "consecration" of Solomon's temple.

After all, only the Local Council can glorify the king in the face of the Saints. Because the Tsar is the spokesman of the Spirit of the whole people, and not just of the Priesthood. That is why the decision of the Bishops' Council of 2000 must be approved by the Local Council.

According to ancient canons, it is possible to glorify God's saints after healing from various ailments occurs at their graves. After that, it is checked how this or that ascetic lived. If he lived a righteous life, then healing comes from God. If not, then such healings are done by the Bes, and then they will turn into new diseases.

In order to be convinced from your own experience, you need to go to the grave of Emperor Nicholas II, in Nizhny Novgorod, at the Krasnaya Etna cemetery, where he was buried on December 26, 1958.

The famous Nizhny Novgorod elder and priest Grigory (Dolbunov, d. 1996) buried and buried the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II.

Whoever the Lord vouchsafes to go to the grave and be healed, he can be convinced by his own experience.

The transfer of His relics is yet to be done at the federal level.

Sergey Zhelenkov