History of Russia. Izyaslav II Mstislavich. Izyaslav Mstislavich, Grand Duke of Kyiv: years of life and reign Prince Izyaslav Mstislavich

Brother of Vsevolod. He reigned in Kursk, Turov, Minsk, Vladimir-Volynsky, and from 1143 - in Pereyaslavl Russian. In 1146, at the invitation of the Kyiv boyars, he attacked Kyiv, defeated the squad of Prince Igor Olgovich in battle and became the Grand Duke of Kyiv. He stayed on this table until his death, twice repulsing Yuri Dolgoruky's attempts to seize the capital.

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Izyaslav Mstislavich

Vel. Prince of Kyiv, son of Mstislav I Vladimirovich, b. in 1096 in Novgorod, died on November 13, 1154. In 1127, being the prince of Kursk, he went with other princes to the princes of Polotsk, after which the Polotsk princes were sent to Constantinople, and the principalities of Polotsk and Minsk were given to Izyaslav (1129 ). When led. book. Yaropolke Izyaslav occupied Pereyaslavl (1132), but soon ceded this inheritance to his uncle Vyacheslav, and took his Turov volost and Pinsk for himself. Soon, however, Vyacheslav took Turov from him, and Pereyaslavl was occupied by his other uncle, Yuri of Suzdal. Insulted, Izyaslav went to Minsk, and from there to Novgorod, to his brother Vsevolod, who promised to conquer the Suzdal region for him. But the campaign undertaken by Vsevolod was unsuccessful (1135); Izyaslav went to Vsevolod Olgovich of Chernigov, together with him he devastated the Pereyaslavl region, and after the reconciliation of Olgovich with Yaropolk, he received Vladimir-Volynsky from the latter. In 1139, Vsevolod Olgovich took Kyiv and thought to live in peace with the Monomakhoviches, but since the latter did not want to give up Kyiv, a struggle began; the betrayal of Vladimirka forced Olgovich to reconcile with the Monomakhoviches (1140). In 1142, Vyacheslav ceded Pereyaslavl to Izyaslav, taking Turov for himself, and Vsevolodov's son Svyatoslav settled in Vladimir. In 1143, Izyaslav went to Yuri Suzdal, but did not have time to reconcile him with Vsevolod, and in 1144 he participated in Vsevolod's campaign against Vladimirka of Galicia. In 1145 Izyaslav Mstislavich, after long hesitation, swore allegiance to Igor Olgovich. In 1146, when Igor became the Grand Duke of Kyiv, Uleb of the Thousand, governor Ivan Voytishich and others invited Izyaslav to the Kyiv table. After an easy victory, he entered Kyiv and was recognized as the Grand Duke; Igor was seized and imprisoned in the Ioannovsky monastery in Pereyaslavl; houses and villages of Vsevolodov and Igor's teams, as well as some monasteries, were looted. Vladimir and Izyaslav Davidovichi and their nephew Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich recognized the winner as the Grand Duke, and only the Seversky Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich, wanting to release his brother Igor from prison, began to seek help from Yuri of Suzdal. Then Grand Duke began a fight with Svyatoslav Seversky, took away his possessions and gave them to the Davidoviches. But in 1147, the Davidovichi, together with Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, joined Svyatoslav Olgovich. They invited Izyaslav supposedly to protect them from Yuri of Suzdal and Svyatoslav, while they themselves had already united with his enemies. The Grand Duke, against the wishes of the people of Kiev, went on a campaign. Not long before this campaign, Igor asked Izyaslav for permission to take the veil as a monk and accepted the schema in the Kiev monastery of St. Theodora. Having learned already during the journey about the betrayal of the Davidoviches, the Grand Duke announced this treachery in Kyiv, Smolensk and Novgorod. At the veche in Kyiv, everyone unanimously and enthusiastically expressed their readiness to turn on traitors; fearing to leave Igor in Kyiv, the people killed him. In the struggle that took place, the son of Yuri of Suzdal, Gleb, was repelled from Pereyaslavl, the Chernigov and Polovtsy of Svyatoslav devastated Bragin. Izyaslav laid siege to Gleb in the town of Ostersky and forced him to reconcile; it did not come to a decisive battle. When Rostislav Yuryevich, sent by his father to help the Chernigov princes, went over to the side of Izyaslav, Davidovichi and both Svyatoslav offered peace to the latter; he was accepted and it was decided to start a common fight against Yuri. Izyaslav went to Smolensk - the assembly point for the troops, and from here, entrusting the troops to his brother Rostislav, he went to Novgorod, where he was received enthusiastically. Novgorodians, Pskovians and Korelas went with Izyaslav; at the mouth of the Bear, they joined with Rostislav; but due to the mudslide, the army was forced to return to Novgorod; Izyaslav, having lived the winter in Smolensk, arrived in Kyiv (1149). Here Rostislav Yurievich was slandered before him, and the Grand Duke, without investigating the case, took away the weapon, squad, estate and horses from the slandered man, and sent him to his father. Then Yuri spoke again to his nephew. Davidovichi remained on the side of Izyaslav, and Svyatoslav Olgovich stuck to Yuri. His brother Rostislav and Izyaslav Davidovich came to the aid of the Grand Duke. At Pereyaslavl, Yuri offered Izyaslav to cede Pereyaslavl to one of his sons. Izyaslav did not agree and a battle took place; having lost it, Izyaslav ran to Kyiv and when the people of Kiev began to beg him not to subject them to disasters and to retire to his private inheritance for a while, he went to Vladimir with his wife, children and Metropolitan Clement, from where he sent ambassadors to Hungary, Poland and Bohemia to ask for help; when allies came to him, Yuri agreed to peace, so that the great reign would be ceded to himself or Vyacheslav, and so that Izyaslav would be satisfied with Veliky Novgorod and the regions of Vladimir and Lutsk. But as soon as Izyaslav's allies left, Yuri refused to yield to him what he had promised, and hostilities began again. But Vladimirko Galitsky, Vyacheslav and Andrei (Bogolyubsky) persuaded Yuri to stop the bloodshed. At the congress in Peresopnitsa, it was decided that Izyaslav reigned in the Vladimir region and used Novgorod tributes, and that what was stolen from each other during the war should be returned according to ownership; in addition, Yuri promised to cede Kyiv to Vyacheslav, as an older brother. But the Suzdal prince again did not fulfill the conditions: he did not give Kyiv to his brother and did not return military booty to Izyaslav. Then Izyaslav took Lutsk and Peresopnitsa, and approached Kyiv so unexpectedly that Yuriy had to flee. Vyacheslav did not want to leave Kyiv, but, convinced by his nephew, he left for Vyshgorod. Meanwhile, help began to approach Yuri; then Izyaslav turned to Vyacheslav and begged him to come, offering him any parish, and he came to Kyiv. Now Izyaslav came out against Yuri with great forces, but lost the battle and fled; The people of Kiev accepted Yuri; Izyaslav occupied the region along Goryn, Mstislav was imprisoned in Dorogobuzh, and he himself and his brother Vladimir came to Vladimir-Volynsky. His son-in-law, the Hungarian king Geyza III, moved to help him, but his bribed advisers persuaded him to return; having nevertheless received an auxiliary detachment from Geyza, Izyaslav went to Kyiv, where his husbands Vyacheslav, the people of Kiev and the Berendeys, invited him; Vladimirko, Andrei Yurievich and Vladimir Andreevich Dorogobuzhsky pursued him on his heels. After the capture of Belgorod, Izyaslav went to Kyiv, and occupied it without hindrance; Vyacheslav again became nominally Grand Duke (1150). Again, Yuri with Svyatoslav Olgovich, the Davidovichs and the Polovtsy opposed the Grand Duke; the Grand Duke was waiting for them on the banks of the Dnieper. The successful crossing of the Olgovichi, followed by Yuri, across the river forced Izyaslav to retreat to Kyiv. With the consent of his nephew, Vyacheslav offered peace to his brother, but Yuri did not accept this offer. In the battle that took place, Izyaslav was successful; he pursued his uncle in order to prevent him from connecting with Vladimirok. New try Izyaslav to make peace was unsuccessful, and in the battle for the river. Rutom Yuri was defeated and put to flight. But Izyaslav, wounded and fallen from his horse, was almost killed by his own, who at first did not recognize him ... Having celebrated their victory in Kiev, Izyaslav and Vyacheslav went to Pereyaslavl, where Yuri sat down, and forced him to leave for Suzdal. Then the Grand Duke turned his weapon on his other enemy, Vladimirka; however, at the request of Geiza, Izyaslav agreed to peace, and Vladimirko ceded some cities to him. Meanwhile, Yuri again moved to Izyaslav, but failed and went back. 1154 November 13 Izyaslav died. He was buried in the Feodorovskaya Church of the former Votchiy (Father) Monastery in Kyiv. Izyaslav was married three times: his first wife is not known either by name or by origin; the second and third, also unknown by name, were: the second - the Lithuanian princess, and the third - the Abaza. Of his three sons, Mstislav occupied the grand duke's table.

Full coll. Russian years. I, 130-147; II, 11-13, 16, 27-64, 79, 98, 293-301; III, 6, 10, 11; IV, 3, 7, 8; V, 156, 159, 160; VII, 219, 233.

(Polovtsov)

Izyaslav Mstislavich

Vel. book. Kyiv, grandson of Vladimir Monomakh (1146-1154), one of the brilliant. princes of the Kievan period stories; a courageous, brave, skillful regiment, far-sighted, never lost heart, he everywhere knew how to inspire goodwill. In 1146, the people of Kiev called him to the Grand Duchy. table instead of the unloved Igor Olgovich, and I., regardless of childbirth. traditions, not being the eldest of the princes, accepted the proposal, and stated that "the place does not go to the head, but the head to the place." His reign was filled with struggle with Prince. Yuri Dolgoruky, Olgovichi, Vladimir Galitsky and others, and he repeatedly had to cede Kyiv to his rivals. Of the battles of this time, Naib. noteworthy: the battle of Pereyaslavl (1149), where I. was defeated by Yuri, the battles on the Dnieper, for the river. Rutom, where I. was wounded and almost killed, but defeated Yuri, and on the river. Sonya, where I. and his Hungarian ally. box Geyza was utterly defeated by Vladimir of Galicia (1152). After that, I. occupied Kyiv until his death. grand duke. throne.

(Military Enc.)

Izyaslav Mstislavich

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Izyaslav II Mstislavich of Vladimir-Volynsky
Years of life: about 1097 - 1154
Reigns: 1146-1149, 1151-1154

Izyaslav Mstislavich (given the name Panteleimon at baptism) - Monomakh's grandson, son of Mstislav Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Kyiv, Prince of Volyn. Izyaslav is one of the first Russian princes, who is called “king” in the annals (the Kyiv code as part of the Ipatiev Chronicle).

For the first time, mentions of him are found in 1127, when Izyaslav Mstislavich was planted in Kursk by his uncle Yaropolk of Pereyaslavsky. With other princes, his father sent him to the Polotsk land, after a successful campaign, Izyaslav was planted in Polotsk.
In 1132, after the death of Mstislav, the throne of Kyiv became occupied by Yaropolk of Pereyaslavl. Izyaslav was summoned from Polotsk and imprisoned in Pereyaslavl, but soon Yaropolk, in order to avoid the discontent of his brothers, forcibly removed him from there and gave him Pinsk and Turov along with Minsk.

In 1134, deprived of the Polotsk volost, Izyaslav went to Novgorod to his brother Vsevolod, and from there they tried to attack Uncle Yuri of Suzdal, who was one of the culprits in the seizure of Pereyaslavl from Izyaslav. They failed. Then the Mstislavichs were called into the allies of the Olgovichi. Yaropolk was forced to yield and gave Izyaslav Mstislavich Vladimir in Volhynia.

In 1138 Yaropolk died, and Kyiv was captured by Vsevolod Olgovich. Vsevolod was married to Maria, Izyaslav's sister, and tried to enter into an agreement with him and his brothers, but they treated him with distrust. An attempt to attack Vsevolod Olgovich on Izyaslav failed, and they reconciled. Soon Vsevolod ceded Pereyaslavl to Izyaslav. Until the death of Prince Vsevolod (1146), they established friendly relations, but nevertheless, the main allies of Prince Izyaslav were always siblings, and especially Rostislav of Smolensk.

Before his death, Vsevolod ordered to leave Kyiv to his brother Igor, forcing Izyaslav to kiss the cross as a sign of his decision, but as soon as Vsevolod died, Izyaslav immediately moved to Kyiv and took possession of it. Prince Igor was captured. But his brother Svyatoslav stood up to defend Igor. Not having sufficient troops, Svyatoslav asked Yuri of Suzdal for help and called him to Kyiv. Yuri accepted the invitation and Izyaslav started a war against Yuri with Svyatoslav (1146). At first, the Davidovichi of Chernigov were allies of Izyaslav, but soon betrayed him and went over to the side of Yuri (1147).

Davydovichi tried to treacherously take Izyaslav prisoner, but he was able to escape. The news of the betrayal of the Davydovichs caused an outburst of indignation in Kyiv, which was directed at the captive Prince Igor of Chernigov. On August 19, 1147, Monk Prince Igor Olgovich was brutally murdered by an angry mob. After these events, Svyatoslav Olgovich became an implacable enemy of the Kyiv prince.
In politics, Izyaslav was a Westerner, while focusing on an alliance with the Catholic kingdoms - Hungary and Poland; not accidental is his marriage on the eve of death with a Georgian princess.

In 1147, Izyaslav II gathered a Council of Russian Bishops in Kyiv with the aim of electing the Kyiv Metropolitan without the permission of the Patriarch of Constantinople, which was a canonical violation. Kliment Smolyatich was indicated by him as worthy to take the metropolitan throne. Some Russian bishops opposed the will of Prince Izyaslav, especially Bishop Nifont of Novgorod, and this led to church confusion and schism, which continued until the expulsion of Prince Izyaslav Mstislavich from Kyiv.
In 1148, Izyaslav besieged Chernigov and forced the Davydovichs to go over to his side. After that, he, having united with his brother Rostislav, occupied Novgorod, where, having displaced his brother, Svyatopolk, he installed his son Yaroslav. From here in the winter in 1148-49, Izyaslav II Mstislavich, attacking the Suzdal lands, devastated them up to Yaroslavl and Uglich.

In 1149, Prince Izyaslav was betrayed by the allied prince, the son of Vsevolod II, Svyatoslav, and on August 23, in the Battle of Pereyaslavl, Izyaslav II, Rostislav and Davydovichi were defeated by Yuri and Svyatoslav. Izyaslav fled to Kyiv, but the people of Kiev issued a statement that they could not protect him. Izyaslav went further to Volhynia.

In 1150, Izyaslav suddenly unleashes new war and thanks to the help of the people of Kiev and the black hoods, he captures Kyiv. Yuri Dolgoruky runs for the Dnieper, and Vyacheslav tries to seize the throne of Kyiv, but Izyaslav, without much respect, forced his uncle to go to Vyshgorod.

At this time, Yuri teamed up with the Davydovichs and Olgovichs, and from the west Vladimirko moved to Kyiv. However, Prince Izyaslav failed to keep the throne in Kyiv, and he again fled to Volhynia.

In winter, in 1151, Izyaslav Mstislavich received a military detachment from the Hungarian king Geza II to help and again marched on Kyiv. Vladimirko went in pursuit of him, but with a skillful maneuver, Izyaslav deceived him and broke away from his pursuers. Izyaslav called Vyacheslav to Kyiv and Yuri left Kyiv again. Vladimirko got angry at the sluggishness of the actions of the allies and stopped all hostilities.

From that time until the death of Izyaslav, the nephew and uncle ruled jointly (1151-1154), but all issues were resolved by the energetic Izyaslav Mstislavich. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky stubbornly did not want to give up his rights to Kyiv. So, in the spring of 1151, he crossed the Dnieper, while being defeated twice: on the Ruta River and near Kyiv. In the first battle, especially tense, Prince Izyaslav was wounded, and after the battle he was almost killed by his warrior, who did not recognize the prince by sight. But on the other hand, Izyaslav won a complete victory: in the south, Yuri Dolgoruky retained only Kursk, and in Pereyaslavl, Izyaslav II put his son Mstislav on the throne, which indirectly indicated a desire to make him heir despite the existing rights of senior princes.

Prince Izyaslav Mstislavich and soldiers. Shchedrin F.

In 1152, Prince Izyaslav entered into an alliance with the Hungarians and defeated Vladimirka. But in the same year, the struggle with Yuri resumed. Yuri tried to besiege the ally of Izyaslav II - Izyaslav Davydovich in Chernigov, but was defeated. Izyaslav II with his allies besieged the city of Novgorod-Seversky and forced Svyatoslav Olgovich to accept peace.
In the same year, Mstislav, the son of Izyaslav II Mstislavich, defeated the Polovtsy on the river. Samara, and Vladimirko Galitsky died. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky was left without allied friends and found himself powerless to fight further against the Kievan prince.
In 1153, in the battle near Terebovlya, Izyaslav defeated the young Galician prince Yaroslav Osmomysl, but at the same time he suffered heavy losses and ordered to kill those taken prisoner. In 1154, Izyaslav the Second married the 2nd time (on the Georgian princess Izyaslav, daughter of Demeter I), a few months later he died (November 13, 1154). The death of Prince Izyaslav was perceived by the people of Kiev and the Turkic allies of Kyiv (“black hoods” - Berendey and Torks) as a great grief.

The enterprising, energetic Izyaslav II Mstislavich did not take into account tribal seniority. In the Chronicle, the saying is attributed to him: “It is not the place that goes to the head, but the head to the place,” that is, he believed that the most worthy should himself seek the highest position. The entire reign of Prince Izyaslav passed in continuous wars for the great reign. A skilled commander, famous for his military prowess and cunning, Izyaslav spent his talent on internecine strife. His role in history is significant: it was he who led the South-Western Russia in the fight against the North-Eastern, and the inhabitants of the Russian land loved and respected Izyaslav with his sons and did not hate Yuri Dolgoruky and his descendants.

Family and Children

The first wife of Izyaslav Mstislavich (from 1124/25) was the German princess Agnes von Staufen (c. 1110-1151, Kyiv), daughter of Conrad III of Germany. Their children:

Mstislav (1125/26 - 08/19/1170) - Prince of Volyn, Grand Duke of Kyiv.

Yaroslav (c. 1132-1180) - Prince of Volyn, Grand Duke of Kyiv.

Yaroslav (in baptism John) Izyaslavich (c. 1132 - 1180) - the son of Grand Duke Izyaslav Mstislavich, Prince of Turov (1146), Novgorod (1148-1154), Lutsk (1157-1178), Grand Duke of Kyiv (1174-1175).

First he was planted by his father in Turov (1146), then in Novgorod, from where he was expelled by the inhabitants in 1154. Then Yaroslav ruled in Lutsk.

After the death of his elder brother (1170) and Gleb Yuryevich of Kyiv (1171), Yaroslav became the main contender for the reign of Kiev. Having not received seniority from the Olgovichi, whose leader Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich himself was a contender for the great reign, Yaroslav was recognized as a contender by the Smolensk Rostislavichs, who controlled the entire Kyiv land and at that time came into conflict with the Grand Duke Andrei Bogolyubsky. Yaroslav captured Kyiv with the help of the Rostislavichs in 1172.

However, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Chernigov expelled Yaroslav, captured his wife, son and the whole squad and sent him to Chernigov; Yaroslav himself fled to Lutsk. Svyatoslav, having been attacked by Oleg Seversky at that time, hastened to reconcile with Yaroslav and returned Kyiv to him. Arriving there, Yaroslav, in revenge for the fact that the people of Kiev did not protect his wife and son, began to rob Kyiv, not sparing the clergy and monasteries. Soon after the death of Andrei Bogolyubsky (1174), Yaroslav, seeing the desire of the Rostislavichs to expel him from Kyiv and not hoping to stay in it due to the dislike of the people of Kiev, voluntarily ceded Kyiv to Roman Rostislavich, and he retired again to Lutsk. In connection with these events, Yaroslav is mentioned in the annals for the last time (1175). Under the year 1180, the Ipatiev Chronicle already mentions the sons of Yaroslav Vsevolod and Ingvar, in connection with which historians usually date the death of Yaroslav to 1180.

Family and Children
Wife - since 1149 the daughter of the Czech king Vladislav II.

Children:
Ingvar Yaroslavich - Prince of Lutsk, Volyn, Grand Duke of Kyiv.
Vsevolod Yaroslavich - Prince Dorogobuzh.
Izyaslav Yaroslavich (d.1195) - Prince Shumsky.
Mstislav Yaroslavich the Mute (d. 1226) - Prince of Peresopnitsky and Lutsky.

Yaropolk (d. 1168) - Prince Shumsky.
Evdokia - married to the Polish prince Mieszko III.
daughter - married to Rogvolod Polotsky.

Izyaslav's second wife, the daughter of King Demeter I of Georgia (according to other sources, an Alanian princess), did not have children from him, since they got married a few months before his death.

***

History of Russian Goverment

(end of the 90s of the XI - beginning of the XII century - 11/13/1154, Kyiv), book. Kievan (1146-1149, 1150, 1151-1154), 2nd son of blgv. book. Mstislav (Theodore) Vladimirovich and Swede. Princess Christina, grandson of Vladimir (Vasily) Vsevolodovich Monomakh. In baptism, the prince was named in honor of the martyr. Panteleimon, to which there are a number of indications in the sources. The chronicle reports that the helmet of I.M. was decorated with the image of this saint (PSRL. T. 2. Stb. 438-439). The lists of letters of I.M. to the Novgorod mon-ryu of St. Panteleimon, according to which I.M., with the blessing of the Novgorod ep. St. Nifonta “arranged a monastery for Saint Panteleimon, and I planted hegumen Arcadius in it,” and “I asked Saint Panteleimon for land from Novgorod” (Koretsky, 1955, p. 204-207). A monastery with such a dedication was founded in Novgorod either by I. M. (Yanin. 1977. S. 62-65; Nazarenko. 2001. S. 595-596), or by his father Mstislav the Great (Kuchkin V. A. Miracle of St. Panteleimon and family affairs of Vladimir Monomakh // Russia in the Middle Ages and modern times: Collection of articles on the 70th anniversary of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences L. V. Milova, Moscow, 1999, p. 55).

I. M. was first mentioned in the Laurentian Chronicle under 1127, when he was sent by his father to reign in Kursk. In 1127, I. M. participated in a campaign against the Principality of Polotsk. After the expulsion of local princes to Byzantium (1129), I. M. occupied the Polotsk throne (until 1132), at the same time, Minsk probably also entered his possessions. After the death of Mstislav the Great (1132), the prince began the struggle for Pereyaslavl Russian (now Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky, Ukraine). Ownership of this center was an important step towards the occupation of I. M. the Kyiv table, associated with attempts to implement the plan of Vladimir Monomakh, according to which the Kyiv table was to belong to the descendants of Mstislav the Great (the younger Monomashichs - I. M.'s uncles opposed this plan). After several Pereyaslavl transitions from hand to hand Kyiv book. Yaropolk Vladimirovich, I.M.'s uncle, handed it over to his nephew. The protests of other Monomashichs forced Yaropolk to transfer Pereyaslavl to his brother Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, who was next in seniority after him. At the same time, I. M. received, in addition to Minsk, which remained in his possession, the Principality of Turov. In the beginning. 1134 I. M. was deprived of the principality of Turov, but retained Minsk. Dissatisfied with this, the prince in the same year went to Novgorod to his brother Vsevolod and led the coalition of the Mstislavichs against his uncles Vladimirovichs. From Novgorod, the Mstislavichs undertook an unsuccessful campaign against Rostov, formerly. possession of the book Yuri (George) Vladimirovich Dolgoruky, who shortly before that exchanged it, together with other cities, from Yaropolk Vladimirovich for Pereyaslavl. I. M. supported the Chernigov princes in their conflict with the Vladimirovichs, participated in the campaign against the Principality of Pereyaslavl. In the winter of 1134/35, the Kyiv prince managed to win I. M. to his side by transferring the Vladimir-Volyn principality. In 1138, I.M. participated in the campaign of the Monomashichs against the Chernigov princes, which ended with the conclusion of peace near Moroviysk.

In 1139, I. M. Vsevolod (Cyril) Olgovich, married to his sister, became the prince of Kyiv, who immediately began, according to the chronicler, “plotting on Volodimerich and Mstislavich, hoping with his strength and wanting to hold all the land with his brother” (PSRL. T. 1. Stb. 307). Against I. M., he sent the Galician prince. Ivan Vasilkovich and Prince Przemysl. Vladimirka Volodarevcha, who failed. In 1142, I. M. came to the aid of his uncle Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, who was besieged in Pereyaslavl by the brothers of the Kyiv ruler, the Chernigov princes of St. Igor (George) and Svyatoslav Olgovichi; the Chernihiv army was defeated. By agreement between Vyacheslav Vladimirovich and Vsevolod Olgovich, I. M. received the Pereyaslav table and took it on January 1. 1143 In 1144, the prince took part in a campaign against the Principality of Galicia, organized by Vsevolod Olgovich. In 1145, he attended the congress of princes, where the prince of Kyiv declared Igor Olgovich his heir.

Shortly after Igor's approval in Kyiv (Aug. 2, 1146), the people of Kiev, dissatisfied with him, sent ambassadors to I. M. with an invitation to take the Kyiv table. In battle 13 Aug. 1146 I.M. inflicted a crushing defeat on the Kyiv army, part of which went over to his side, and entered Kyiv, having received the blessing of Bishop Pereyaslavl. St. Euphemia. The serving of I. M. took place in the Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral in the absence of Metropolitan. Michael I (II), who, for unknown reasons, left for K-pol in 1145 and died there, and became a violation of the obligations of the Russian. bishops, given by them earlier to the metropolitan, not to serve in the cathedral in the absence of the metropolitan (Ibid. T. 2. Stb. 341). In 1146, I. M. returned the Vladimir-Volyn principality under his control, taking it first from Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, then from Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, who reigned in Turov, who hoped to force I. M. to recognize his seniority. As a result of the campaign on the Turov land of the troops of I. M., it was actually conquered, the Bishop of Turov was captured. Joachim and the Turov posadniks.

The absence of the primate in Kyiv prompted I. M. to take a decisive step. By order of the prince, in the summer of 1147, Russians gathered in the capital to elect a new metropolitan. bishops (Onufry of Chernigov, Theodore of Belgorod, St. Euthymius of Pereyaslavsky, Damian Yuryevsky (Kanevsky), Theodore of Vladimir-Volynsky, St. Nifont of Novgorod, Manuel of Smolensk (Ibid. Stb. 340-341); possibly, as indicated in the Kiev-Pechersk patericon, the Council was also attended by Bishop Joachim and Polotsk Bishop Kosma, who had been taken out of Turov not long before). I.M.'s candidate for the metropolitan see was the Zarubsky scribe schemnik Kliment Smolyatich. The opinions of the bishops at the Council were divided. St. Nifont and ep. Manuel were opposed to the appointment of a metropolitan without the blessing of the K-Polish patriarch. The position of another part of the bishops was outlined by Bishop of Chernigov. Onufry, who said: “Az svede: we are worthy to put,” and proposed to carry out the delivery of the head of the shmch, stored in Kyiv. Clement I, Pope of Rome, citing the Greek practice of placing St. John the Baptist. The ordinance took place as Bishop suggested. Onufry. Kliment Smolyatich was elevated to the metropolitan see on July 27, 1147, "in memory of St. Panteleiman", that is, on the name day of I. M. In 1149, I. M. and the metropolitan summoned to Kyiv the most authoritative opponent of the appointment of Kliment - Novgorod ep. Nifont. The saint was detained and placed in the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, released after the entry into Kyiv of the troops of Yuri Dolgoruky. When Kyiv in 1149 and 1150. passed to Yuri Dolgoruky, Kliment Smolyatich fled with I. M. and was in the Vladimir-Volyn principality. Only after the death of I.M. in the K-field, a new metropolitan was appointed to the Kyiv Metropolis - St. Constantine I (1155-1159). The reasons why I. M. insisted on the election of the primate of the Russian Church without the sanction of the K-field are not entirely clear. Perhaps the prince, who relied on the broad support of the population Kyiv land, in this case, as in other circumstances, ignored traditional hierarchical ties in his own interests (in a similar way, he behaved in a dynastic struggle, recognizing tribal eldership in those circumstances when it was beneficial to him).

The main content of the policy of I. M. as a prince of Kyiv was the confrontation with his uncle, the Rostov-Suzdal prince. Yuri Dolgoruky. In this struggle, the main support of I.M. were the brothers Rostislav Smolensky, Svyatopolk Novgorodsky, Yaropolk Porossky, Vladimir. By ties of kinship, the Mstislavichs were connected with the ruling houses of Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic (in the Ipatiev Chronicle, the correspondence of I. M. and the Hungarian cor. help from foreign troops. I. M. entered into an alliance with the Chernigov princes Vladimir and Izyaslav Davidovich, who expected to receive the possessions of his cousin Svyatoslav Olgovich, who became one of the main allies of Yuri Dolgoruky.

After the reconciliation in 1147 of Vladimir and Izyaslav Davidovich with Svyatoslav Olgovich, the task of confronting the Chernigov princes became one of the most important for I.M., while Rostislav Mstislavich had to restrain Yuri Dolgoruky in the north. In the beginning. 1148 I. M. took Gorodets Ostersky, which was an enclave of the Rostov-Suzdal princes in the South. Russia. Soon, I. M. besieged Chernigov and ruined the city district. In 1148, I. M. entered into an alliance with the Chernigov princes, in February-March 1149, the Mstislavichs ruined the possessions of the Rostov-Suzdal prince in the upper reaches of the Volga.

In July 1149, the troops of Yuri Dolgoruky and the Polovtsy allied to him marched on Kyiv. In the battle of Pereyaslavl on August 23. In 1149, they defeated the detachments of I. M., who fled to Vladimir-Volynsky. Having received help from the Center. Europe, I. M. intended to resume the fight for Kyiv, for which he called uncle Vyacheslav Vladimirovich to the Kyiv table. However, the allies of I. M. left him because of the Prussian attack on Poland, and Yuri Dolgoruky was supported by the Galician Prince. Vladimirko Volodarevich. In this situation, I. M. began negotiations with Yuri Dolgoruky. In March 1150, peace was concluded between the princes, according to which I. M. refused Kyiv. At a later meeting of Yuri and Vyacheslav Vladimirovich with I.M. in Peresopnitsa, it was decided to return to the latter his property, captured by the Rostov army in the battle of August 23. 1149

Yuri Dolgoruky’s failure to fulfill the terms of the agreement became the reason for I. M. to march on Kyiv in the summer of 1150. After defeating the troops of Gleb Yuryevich at Peresopnitsa, I. M. entered the capital and forced Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, who had previously entered there, to move to Vyshgorod. Meanwhile, Yuri Dolgoruky united with the Olgovichi and Davidovichi, the Galician prince came to his aid. Vladimirko Volodarevich. In these unfavorable circumstances, I. M., wanting to hide behind the dynastic authority of Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, the elder brother of Yuri Dolgoruky, went to Vyshgorod and, recognizing the seniority of his uncle, offered him the Kievan reign. I. M. achieved an agreement with his uncle, but due to a military clash with Vladimir Volodarevich, he could not save Kyiv and retreated to Vladimir-Volynsky.

In con. Feb. - early March 1151 I. M. began a new campaign against Kyiv. Having occupied the city, the prince confirmed the seniority of Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, and the latter solemnly entered Kyiv as the senior co-ruler of I.M. tribal seniority and deprived Yuri Dolgoruky of the opportunity to put forward claims to the Kiev reign. In May 1151 on the river. Ruth (now Protoka) a decisive battle took place during the military confrontation between I. M. and Yuri Dolgoruky, in which the troops of the Rostov-Suzdal prince were defeated, and I. M. was seriously wounded. Yuri Dolgoruky fled to Pereyaslavl, after which, until the death of I.M., he did not make active attempts to seize the Kyiv table. By the spring of 1152, I. M. deprived Yuri Dolgoruky of all possessions in Yuzh. Russia (Pereyaslavl, Gorodets Ostersky). Feb. 1153 I. M., together with his nephew Roman Rostislavich and Chernigov allies, laid siege to Novgorod-Seversky, forcing Prince. Svyatoslav Olgovich to ask for peace and promise to break the alliance with Yuri Dolgoruky. In 1152-1154. I. M. organized several. campaigns against the Principality of Galicia, as a result of which he returned captured in 1151 by the Galician Prince. Vladimir Volodarevich of the city of Shumsk, Tikhoml, Vygoshev and Pust in Pogorin, as well as Buzhsk.

IM was married twice. The first marriage was concluded before 1130 (for a review of opinions on the possible origin of his 1st wife, see: D ą browski D. Genealogia Mścisławowiczów. Kraków, 2008. S. 121-126), the princess died in the winter of 1151/52. In the spring 1154 I. M. married the “Obez princess”, according to the assumption of the researchers Rusudan, the daughter of a cargo. king Demeter I.

Apparently, I. M. was the addressee of 2 messages of igum. Theodosius, who ruled the Kiev Caves Monastery in the middle. XII century: about fasting and about the "Latin faith" (in science, these messages are often attributed to St. Theodosius of the Caves, while Prince Izyaslav (Dimitry) Yaroslavich is considered their addressee). In the 1st epistle, Theodosius answers in the affirmative to 2 questions of the prince: is it possible to kill cattle and poultry on Sunday and eat their meat, and is it good not to eat meat on Wednesday and Friday. In the 2nd epistle, the author counts the apostasy of the Latins from the true faith and describes their evil customs. Theodosius instructs the prince not to have any communion with the Catholics and urges him to hold fast to Orthodoxy.

I. M. was buried in the temple of the monastery founded by his father in the name of the Great Martyr. Theodore Stratilates in the center of Kyiv.

Source: PSRL. Vol. 1, 2 (by order); Koretsky V.I. The new list of diplomas led. book. Izyaslav Mstislavich Novgorodsky Panteleymonov mon-ryu // IA. 1955. No. 5. S. 204-207; Semenov A.I. Unknown Novgorod list of letters of the book. Izyaslav given to Panteleymonov Mon-Rue // NIS. 1959. Issue. 9. S. 245-248.

Lit .: Viskovatyy K. On the question of the author and time of writing "Words to Izyaslav about the Latins" // Slavia. Prague, 1939. Roč. 16. Seš. 4. S. 535-567; Pashuto V. T. Foreign policy Ancient Russia. M., 1968; Tolochko P.P. Monomakh's Naschadki. K., 1972; he is. Kyiv and Kyiv land in the era of feuds. fragmentation of the XII-XIII centuries. K., 1980; Rapov O. M. Princely possessions in Russia in the X - 1st half. 13th century M., 1977; Yanin VL Essays on complex source studies: Middle Ages. Novgorod. M., 1977; he is. Novgorod acts of the XII-XV centuries: Chronol. comments M., 1991; Hrushevsky M.S. History of Ukraine-Rus. K., 1992. T. 2; Presnyakov A. E. Princely law in Dr. Russia: Lectures on Russian. stories. M., 1993; Nazarenko A.V. Ancient Russia to the international ways: Interdisciplinary essays on cultural, trade, watered. connections. M., 2001; Kotlyar N.F. Diplomacy South. Russia. St. Petersburg, 2003; Pyatnov A.P. The struggle for the Kyiv table in 1148-1151. // VMU: East. 2003. No. 1. S. 3-24; Litvina A. F., Uspensky F. B. The choice of a name in Russian. Princes in the X-XVI centuries: Dynastic history through the prism of anthroponymy. M., 2006. S. 564.

Izyaslav II Mstislavich of Vladimir-Volynsky
Years of life: about 1097 - 1154
Reigns: 1146-1149, 1151-1154

In 1150, Izyaslav suddenly unleashed a new war and, thanks to the help of the people of Kiev and black hoods, captured Kyiv. Yuri Dolgoruky runs for the Dnieper, and Vyacheslav tries to seize the throne of Kyiv, but Izyaslav, without much respect, forced his uncle to go to Vyshgorod.

At this time, Yuri teamed up with the Davydovichs and Olgovichs, and from the west Vladimirko moved to Kyiv. However, Prince Izyaslav failed to keep the throne in Kyiv, and he again fled to Volhynia.

Prince Izyaslav Mstislavich and soldiers. Shchedrin F.

Family and Children

The first wife of Izyaslav Mstislavich (from 1124/25) was the German princess Agnes von Staufen (c. 1110-1151, Kyiv), daughter of Conrad III of Germany. Their children:

Mstislav (1125/26 - 08/19/1170) - Prince of Volyn, Grand Duke of Kyiv.

First he was planted by his father in Turov (1146), then in Novgorod, from where he was expelled by the inhabitants in 1154. Then Yaroslav ruled in Lutsk.

Family and Children
Wife - since 1149 the daughter of the Czech king Vladislav II.

Yaropolk (d. 1168) - Prince Shumsky.
Evdokia - married to the Polish prince Mieszko III.
daughter - married to Rogvolod Polotsky.

***

History of Russian Goverment



Prince of Kursk 1127 - 1130
Prince of Polotsk 1130 - 1132
Predecessor:	Davyd Vseslavich
Successor:	Svyatopolk Mstislavich
Prince Pereyaslavsky 1132 - 1133
Predecessor:	Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky
Successor:	Vyacheslav Vladimirovich

Predecessor:	Vyacheslav Vladimirovich
Successor:	Mstislav Izyaslavich
Prince Volynsky 1135 - 1142
Predecessor:	Andrei Vladimirovich Dobry
Successor:	Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich

Predecessor:	Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich
Successor:	Svyatopolk Mstislavich
Grand Duke of Kyiv 1146 - 1149
Predecessor:	Igor Olgovich
Successor:	Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky

Predecessor:	Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky
Successor:	Rostislav Mstislavich
Birth:

Dynasty:	Rurikovichi
	Mstislav Vladimirovich the Great
	Christina, daughter of the Swedish king Inge I
	Mstislav, Yaroslav

Great reign

Family and Children

(in baptism - Panteleimon) (about 1097-1154) - son of Mstislav Vladimirovich, grandson of Monomakh, Grand Duke of Kyiv, Prince of Volyn. One of the first Russian princes, whom the chronicle (the Kyiv Code as part of the Ipatiev Chronicle) calls "king".

Biography

It was first mentioned in the annals under 1127, when it was planted by uncle Yaropolk Pereyaslavsky in Kursk. Among other princes, he was sent by his father to the Polotsk land, and after the expulsion of the Polotsk princes, he was planted in Polotsk. After the death of Mstislav in 1132, when Yaropolk of Pereyaslavsky occupied the Kyiv throne, Izyaslav was summoned by him from Polotsk and planted in Pereyaslavl, but soon Yaropolk, in order to avoid the displeasure of his brothers, forcibly removed him from there and gave him Turov and Pinsk in addition to Minsk, which remained with Izyaslav from the former Polotsk volost; Vyacheslav Vladimirovich was planted in Pereyaslavl, but he did not stay there for long and returned to Turov again.

Deprived of the parish, Izyaslav went to his brother Vsevolod in Novgorod, and from there they tried to attack Uncle Yuri Dolgoruky (1134), who was responsible for taking Pereyaslavl from Izyaslav. The attack failed. Then the Mstislavichs entered into an alliance with the Olgovichi. Yaropolk had to yield and gave Vladimir-Volynsky to Izyaslav.

Yaropolk died in 1138, and Kyiv was captured by Vsevolod Olgovich. Vsevolod, married to Izyaslav's sister Maria, tried to enter into an agreement with him and his brothers, but they treated him with distrust. Vsevolod's attempt to attack Izyaslav was unsuccessful, and they finally reconciled. Soon Vsevolod lost Pereyaslavl to Izyaslav. Until the death of Vsevolod (1146), they lived in friendship, but Izyaslav's main allies remained his brothers, especially Rostislav of Smolensk.

Great reign

Before his death, Vsevolod bequeathed Kyiv to his brother Igor and forced Izyaslav to kiss his cross, but as soon as Vsevolod died, Izyaslav, at the invitation of the people of Kiev, moved to Kyiv and took possession of it. Igor was captured. Izyaslav's uncle Vyacheslav declared his rights to a great reign, but paid for it by expulsion from Turov. Meanwhile, his brother Svyatoslav Olgovich, Prince of Novgorod-Seversky, came to the defense of Igor. Not having sufficient forces, Svyatoslav turned to Yuri of Suzdal and began to call him to Kyiv. Yuri willingly accepted the invitation, and between Izyaslav on the one hand, and Yuri and Svyatoslav, on the other, a war broke out (1146).

The Davidovichi of Chernigov were at first in alliance with Izyaslav, but then they betrayed him and united with Yuri (1147). Davydovichi even tried to treacherously capture Izyaslav, but he managed to escape. The news of the betrayal of the Davydovichs caused an outburst of indignation in Kyiv, which fell upon the captive Chernigov prince: on August 19, 1147, Igor Olgovich was killed by an angry mob. Svyatoslav Olgovich after that became an implacable enemy of the Kyiv prince. Izyaslav, the former prince of Volyn (while Izyaslav was the Grand Duke, his brother Svyatopolk and son Yaroslav continued to rule in Volyn), he was guided by an alliance with the Catholic kingdoms - Poland and Hungary; not accidental and his marriage to the Georgian princess on the eve of death. His opponents - Yuri Dolgoruky and Svyatoslav Olgovich, who relied on an alliance with the Polovtsy - represented the forces of North-Eastern Russia hostile to Kyiv.

In 1147, Izyaslav gathered in Kyiv a Council of Russian Bishops to elect the Kyiv Metropolitan without intercourse with the Patriarch of Constantinople, which was a canonical violation. He pointed to Kliment Smolyatich as worthy to take the metropolitan throne. A number of Russian bishops opposed the will of the prince, in particular the Bishop of Novgorod Nifont, which caused church unrest and a split that lasted until the expulsion of the prince from Kyiv.

In 1148, Izyaslav went on the offensive, laid siege to Chernigov and forced the Davydovichs to go over to his side again. Following this, he went north through Smolensk, where he joined with his brother Rostislav, and Novgorod, where he enthroned his son Yaroslav, displacing his brother, Svyatopolk. From here in the winter of 1148-49. Izyaslav invaded the Suzdal lands and devastated them up to Uglich and Yaroslavl. However, the counteroffensive of Yuri and Svyatoslav in 1149 was successful: Izyaslav was betrayed by the allied prince Svyatoslav, the son of Vsevolod Olgovich, he was not supported by the people of Kiev, and on August 23, in the battle of Pereyaslavl, Izyaslav, Rostislav and Davydovichi were defeated. Izyaslav fled to Kyiv, but the people of Kiev declared that they had no means to defend him, and Izyaslav had to flee further to Volhynia. Having received help from the Poles and Hungarians, Izyaslav sent to call Uncle Vyacheslav to the Kyiv table, threatening, in case of refusal, to burn his parish. But the Prussian attack on Poland and the threat from the strong Galician prince Vladimir Volodarevich (Vladimirko) forced Izyaslav's allies to leave, and he was forced to enter into negotiations with his uncles.

Through the mediation of Vladimir Volodarevich, peace was concluded, but not for long - Yuri did not fulfill his obligations. In 1150, Izyaslav suddenly unleashed a new war and, thanks to the assistance of the black hoods and the people of Kiev, captured Kyiv without much difficulty. Yuri Dolgoruky fled beyond the Dnieper, and Vyacheslav tried to seize the throne of Kyiv, but Izyaslav forced his uncle to leave for Vyshgorod.

Meanwhile, Yuri joined the Olgovichi and Davydovichi, and Vladimirko Galitsky moved from the west to Kyiv. Under such unfavorable circumstances, Izyaslav decided to hide behind Vyacheslav's rights to the Kyiv table and sent to call his uncle to Kyiv. Offended, Vyacheslav initially refused, but then agreed to share power with his nephew. However, Izyaslav failed to stay in Kyiv, and he again fled to Volhynia.

In the winter of 1151, Izyaslav, having received an auxiliary detachment from the Hungarian king Geza II, again marched on Kyiv. Vladimirko chased him, but Izyaslav deceived him with a skillful maneuver and broke away from the chase. Yuri was forced to leave Kyiv again, and Izyaslav called Vyacheslav to Kyiv. Vladimirko got angry at the sluggishness of the allies and stopped hostilities. From that moment until the death of Izyaslav, uncle and nephew formally ruled jointly (1151-1154), although all issues were decided by Izyaslav. Yuri Dolgoruky even after that did not want to give up his rights to Kyiv: in the spring of 1151 he crossed the Dnieper, but at the same time he was defeated twice: near Kyiv and on the Ruta River. In the second battle, especially stubborn, Izyaslav was wounded, and after the battle he was almost killed by his warrior, who did not recognize the prince by sight. But Izyaslav won a complete victory: Yuri retained only Kursk in the south, in Pereyaslavl Izyaslav planted his son Mstislav to reign, which indirectly meant his intention to make him heir contrary to the rights of the senior princes.

In 1152, Izyaslav, in alliance with the Hungarians, defeated the Galicians and forced them to sue for peace, but the fight against Yuri resumed in the same year. Yuri besieged Izyaslav's ally Izyaslav Davydovich in Chernigov, but could not take the city. Izyaslav with his allies laid siege to Novgorod-Seversky and forced Svyatoslav Olgovich to make peace. In the same year, Mstislav Izyaslavich defeated the Polovtsy on the Samara River, and Vladimirko Galitsky died. Yuri Dolgoruky was left without allies and was powerless against the prince of Kyiv. In 1153, Izyaslav defeated the young Galician prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich in the battle near Terebovl, but he himself suffered heavy losses and ordered the prisoners to be killed. In 1154, Izyaslav married a second time (on a Georgian princess, daughter of Demeter I) and soon died (November 13, 1154). The death of Izyaslav caused great grief among the people of Kiev, as well as among the Turkic allies of Kyiv - the "black hoods" (Berendeys and Torks).

Being one of the eldest grandsons of Vladimir Monomakh, Izyaslav was a little inferior in age to his younger sons and, by virtue of the right of the ladder, risked leaving his descendants outcasts if he had not taken the great reign. The chronicle ascribes to him the saying: “The place does not go to the head, but the head to the place,” that is, the most worthy must himself seek a better reign. The whole reign of Izyaslav - a skilled commander, famous for his military cunning - passed in a continuous war for a great reign. His support in this struggle was primarily the inhabitants of the Kyiv land (they sympathized with Izyaslav and his descendants and were hostile to the Suzdal princes).

Family and Children

The first wife of Izyaslav Mstislavich (from 1124/25) was the German princess Agnes von Staufen (c. 1110-1151, Kyiv), daughter of Conrad III of Germany. Their children:

Mstislav (1125/26 - 08/19/1170) - Prince of Volyn, Grand Duke of Kyiv.
Yaroslav (c. 1132-1180) - Prince of Volyn, Grand Duke of Kyiv.
Yaropolk (d. 1168) - Prince Shumsky.
Evdokia - married to the Polish prince Mieszko III.
daughter - married to Rogvolod Polotsky.