Pupils in grades 10 and 11 think about where they will go after graduation, what subjects they will need to take to enter higher education educational institution and how best to prepare for the exam in history, mathematics, Russian language and physics.

Most of the students belong to the humanities, which means that, in addition to the Russian language, they pass social studies, literature and history. However, preparation for these subjects is no easier than an exam in physics or chemistry, so it is worth knowing a few important points in order to successfully pass the exam.

What are the features?

How to prepare for the exam in history? Every year the structure of assignments in various subjects, including history, changes, but the essence remains the same. For example, considering the features of the history exam in 2017, it is worth noting that it will consist of 2 parts and 25 tasks, where 19 questions need to be answered briefly, and 6 - detailed. All tasks have their own level of difficulty: from basic to high, each is assessed by points.

For a correct answer to a simple question, you can get 1 point (for example, for the first task), and for a complete, correct and detailed answer to the last questions of the list (for example, for task 25), you can get from 1 to 11 points, so it is important to understand how to prepare for the exam in history.

4 hours are allotted for the entire examination work, and the student needs to correctly allocate his time, spending from 1 to 7 minutes on simple questions, and up to 40-60 minutes on complex ones.

Features of preparation for the second part in history

Separately, it is worth noting that the second part of the history exam is more difficult and requires a detailed answer to the question. It will not be enough to know the exact date of the event, the student will be required to reason on various topics, so it is important to decide how to prepare for the exam in history.

For example, you need to analyze a specific event or problem. To do this, it is necessary to identify historical facts and phenomena, point to historical objects, draw a causal relationship, compare objects or processes, and draw a definite conclusion.

The second part of the exam requires a long and special preparation, a deep knowledge of history with the points of view of several experts and the expression of one's opinion.

How long do you need to prepare for the exam in history

The questions that come up on the exam can be very different, including topics that were covered as early as 5th or 6th grade (for example, about Ancient Egypt, Greece or Rome). Therefore, you need to give yourself the installation that we are preparing for the exam in history from scratch, studying the most ancient worlds. It is recommended to start in the 10th grade in order to slowly work through all the issues: read the information, solve various tests, complete assignments.

Before starting the study, it is worth drawing up a work plan, creating a chronological table where important dates and events will be recorded, which may be a hint for repeating the material covered.

In the process of studying a certain period, it is recommended to look for information not only from the textbook. A good addition to gaining knowledge would be watching a documentary or listening to a report by a famous scientist.

If preparation for the exam begins only in the 11th grade, then it is more than likely that there will be no time left for an in-depth study of the subject. Then the material must be divided into large periods in which it is important to remember the main events, key persons, wars and reforms.

What are the ways to prepare

Each student knows that Someone is able to study independently and does not need extraneous control. Someone remembers the material better if they study with a tutor. Before you start preparing for the exam, decide how you feel comfortable studying the subject and what result you expect in the end. Some will be satisfied with the minimum score, others need a high score, for which it is better to prepare for the exam with a teacher.

In any case, you need to read, constantly solve tests, watch movies. You can work through the tasks of past years, which are publicly available on the Internet. This will help to understand their structure, determine your level of knowledge and evaluate your own training.

Preparing for the exam in history from scratch on our own

Independent learning requires some effort, faith in your knowledge and the ability to properly allocate time. Before you start studying the material, you need to understand how to prepare for the exam in history, stock up on textbooks, maps, tests, a notebook and a pen.

The next step is to determine how much time it will take to study a topic where it is important not only to read, but also to carefully analyze the information received, comparing it with a map of the time being studied, writing out important dates, names and events. Then you can take a test that will help consolidate knowledge.

You do not need to memorize all the dates in a row, because it is unrealistic to remember all of them. It is important to create a system by linking dates to periods of history and key personalities that figured at that time. Such associative memory will help to remember the material much more and more widely.

Using time management in preparation

Time management is the science of time management, which can be used both at work and in life, in particular, when preparing for exams. You can use different techniques, but they all come down to a few simple rules:

1. If you have to analyze a large topic, then it is better to break it into several small ones, which will allow you to study it deeper and more thoughtfully.
2. It is worth doing it “correctly”, measuring, for example, 30 minutes for mastering the material. Even if during this time it was not possible to study the entire topic, then you should definitely take a break for 5 minutes, and then, after a short rest, continue learning again.
3. It is definitely recommended to create a working mood, for example, to settle in a place where the topic is best remembered. Not everyone can study while lying on the couch or listening to music. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a desktop where books, notebooks with pens and cards will lie.

Basic Mistakes

All students make certain mistakes in preparing for the exam, but they can be avoided if you approach the study of the subject correctly. Let this be the history of Russia. We prepare for the exam and do not make common mistakes.

You should not start preparing a week before the exam, even if you need to score minimal amount points. When reading all the material in a few days, memory will retain little information.

If you just read the materials on history, without fixing them, then, most likely, most of them will be forgotten. Therefore, after studying the topic, you can take a test on the topic studied or ask friends or parents to ask specific questions, and you give detailed answers.

If you start preparing for the exam in advance, you should not study all day first, and then take a break for several days. Spend 2 hours every day, and the information will be easier to digest.

Where to start, asks everyone who is faced with the study of history. Remember once and for all - history is a plot and structural subject.

What is history made of?

Like any humanities, history has a clear structure. It is for her that FIPI specialists compose an exam. Dealing with it is the first step to a conscious study of history.

There are three types of tasks in the exam that test different aspects of the discipline.

This is what a detailed scheme looks like, which you need to understand and remember in order to work productively with the course in any of its forms. Tutors rarely talk about it, they don’t study it in schools. Although there is nothing supernatural in it.

As you can see, history is divided into just three structural categories: dates, plots, and sources. To successfully study the course, you need to understand the content of each of the categories and always correlate any topic under study with this scheme, making a “blind note”.

Using a specific example, we will understand: why this scheme is needed, what is meant by each of its components and how to apply it when solving USE tasks.

Dates

Or what it is worth starting the study of history.

There are many historical dates. On the Web you can find huge lists of dates that supposedly need to be learned and you will definitely pass the exam. Textbooks are teeming with thousands of dates. In fact, 99% of them do not need to be taught, and on the Internet, most publics are run by schoolchildren who themselves do not know how to prepare for the exam.

The "Dates" block consists of two components - basic and main dates.

Base dates are the main basis of history. It is with their study that you need to start preparing for the exam. Base dates include: the years of the reign of historical figures and their brief description. It will take about ten days to study the basis. After this point, you will be able to successfully start studying the course in any way available to you.

What will we need?

To work with the rulers of Russia, we need the following table.

The algorithm for working with it is as follows:

In the course of viewing, go over the “Value” column you wrote out and as soon as you get to the event written out on your sticker, complete it with the date (there is in the video).

Summarizing: you will have an understanding that the ruler is in front of you and what he is eaten with.

Then it remains to remember his years of reign. Use for this the technique of "interval repetition". Just make it a rule to pay attention to the sticker every 15 minutes, after the first hour of repetitions - try to remember the years of government yourself. If you are preparing from scratch, then translate the years of government into a century and remember it already.

Your goal is to build the structure of history in your head: which ruler follows whom and what role he played in the history of the country. Did you get the first sticker? Move on to the second.

The result of the work: the emergence of the basis of history in memory, the material being studied will not turn into a "porridge in the head", but will line up in a clear structure. Spend 10 days on this work and I assure you - your efforts will pay off.

How to understand which dates are needed and which are not?

A document called the historical and cultural standard will come to your aid.
On the exam, you will meet dates that are contained in it and no more.

How to study the dates correctly, not to cram them and memorize them in a matter of minutes - I tell you during my weekly marathon. You can find the link above.

Thus, knowledge of dates and general plots will give you the opportunity to effectively solve many tasks of the exam for knowledge of dates and will cover a third of the exam tasks.

USE tasks for knowledge of historical dates

All these tasks test only one thing - knowledge of base and main dates.

Plots

Let's move on to the next part - stories.

History is like a series. There is a sequence of events where one leads to another. As in the series there is characters - historical figures. As in the series, the story is filled with its own specific words, applicable only in a certain plot - terms.

Each course topic has its own PSS(causal relationships) - the causes and consequences of the event you are studying. It's like in life, the fact that you are reading this document has a reason - you decided to take the exam in history. And the consequence of this will be that you will start preparing for the exam correctly. Everything is simple.

Therefore, when you continue to work with the course - look for reasons for each main date why (for example) the Russo-Japanese War happened and consequence this war. Again, many exam items test this skill.

Historical figures and terms are also an important thing. And they are also needed to pass the exam and understand what you are learning. What kind of terms and what kind of personalities to study, see the historical and cultural standard.

Advice: always study personalities in the context of the concept of "a contemporary of the ruler." Having studied the basis, you will know dozens of rulers of our country. Study personalities as people who lived during (for example) Peter the Great.

So what tasks test knowledge of plots?

USE assignments for knowledge of historical plots

As you can see, everything is simple and has a certain structure.

When studying the topic, successful preparation, the main thing is to keep one thing in mind - any topic in the abstract must be decomposed into separate parts and always correlate them with the historical and cultural standard. Then everything becomes wildly simple.

Sources

The last thing to work on. Moreover, to work separately.

We will devote separate instructions to sources.

For now, I will only say that their knowledge will provide you with the solution of the remaining tasks of the exam. All to one. Well, I want to please you - all the sources used in the exam have also been known to us for a long time.

1. Cards. Exam writers don't draw new cards every year. They are use a ready-made pack of cards, and the same one every year. It is in the hands of me and our team. So you can also get it in a weekly marathon and learn how to work with them there.
   
   
2. culture. Important in the study of culture not go into reading books and manuals. This is generally a separate topic, which we will discuss in the following instructions. It is important to understand that the culture on the exam they ask the same thing: in tasks they use previously known illustrations, cultural monuments(from painting to architecture)
   
   

Thus, the path to the result is outlined. There is a point "A" your first task will be to study the basis of the course of the rulers of Russia.

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

Average general education

Line UMK I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobueva. History (10-11) (U)

Atlases and contour maps. Russian history. Historical and cultural standard

Line UMK Kiseleva-Popov. History of Russia (10-11)

Analysis of the exam in the history of 2017

How to successfully pass the exam in history? Of course, any person will say that you need to know history well, that is, to know the basic historical facts, terms, remember dates, names of historical figures, understand the cause-and-effect relationships of events and phenomena, have a good idea about the culture of our country in different periods of its development. Many schoolchildren perceive history as an endless collection of names and dates, and those who choose history as an exam subject are perceived as "weirdos - nerds."

In this article, it is not my task to convince skeptics by telling and proving how interesting and fascinating the story is. I want to help those who decide to take the exam by showing the way of reasoning when solving various tasks, which will make the exam less "scary". In view of the fact that history is likely to become mandatory for delivery USE subject, the article will be useful to many students. So let's get started.

We have a demo version of the exam 2017, compiled by FIPI. It has 25 tasks, of which the first 19 require a short answer in the form of numbers or words, and the next 6 require a detailed answer.

How to pass the exam and the OGE for 100 points: the secrets of teachers

Arrange in chronological order historical events. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

1) Crimean War

2) the reform of Patriarch Nikon

3) the fall of the Byzantine Empire

To solve this task, we, of course, need to know the dates, but since it does not require a comparison, but a chronological sequence, it becomes a little easier. The Crimean War, also known as Eastern in European historiography, was fought in the middle of the 19th century. ( 1853–1856). The reform of Patriarch Nikon was carried out in 50s of the XVII century., and the fall of the Byzantine Empire happened after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 As you can see, the events are widely separated in time, and it is not difficult to restore the chronology.

Answer: 321.

Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Here again the dates, but more difficult - you need to accurately correlate with the event, and there are two more dates than events. However, the events are very famous, for those who chose history on the exam, for sure. The first mention of Moscow in the annals - 1147, Caribbean crisis - of course, Khrushchev and 1962, Battle of Borodino and World War II 1812 known to anyone, Copper rebellion under the "Quiet" king - 1662

Answer: 2643.

Below is a list of terms. All of them, except two , refer to the events (phenomena) of the XIX century.

1) free cultivators; 2) ministries; 3) Decembrists;
4) June third coup; 5) justices of the peace; 6) Octobrists.

Find and write sequence numbers terms related to another historical period.

And here are the terms! Free cultivators appeared thanks to the decree of Alexander I 1803, ministries almost at the same time - in 1802, participants in the December uprising began to be called Decembrists 1825, the third of June coup is called a sharp change in the law on elections to the State Duma, adopted by Nicholas II without agreement with the Duma itself in 1907, magistrates appeared in Russia as a result of judicial reform 1864, and Octobrists were called members of the Union of October 17, created in 1905 According to the 19th century the June 3rd coup and the Octobrists are not included.

Answer: 46.
1. Write down the term you are talking about.

   The main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina by Ivan IV.

   As is known, the period from 1565 to 1572. in the reign of Ivan the Terrible they are called oprichnina. Regarding the essence and motives of the oprichnina, historians do not have an agreed position, but there is no description of it special problems. Gone in the winter 1564 from Moscow, the tsar finally announced the conditions for his return to the throne: unlimited power, including the right to judge the boyars, and the division of the country into an "oprichnina" under the control of the tsar and a "zemshchina" under the control of the Boyar Duma.

   Answer: land.

2. Establish a correspondence between processes (phenomena, events) and facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

   In this task, we need to compare the fact and the process. It is better to start from the fact, but since there are fewer facts than processes, we will go from the opposite.

   A) The formation and development of the legislation of the Old Russian state is associated with the adoption of the "Russian Truth" in 11th century Firstly, this is the first written set of laws in Russia (here is the formation), and, secondly, Old Russian state lasted until the beginning of fragmentation in 13th century, so the rest of the facts do not fit chronologically.

   B) The reforms of the Chosen Council were carried out at the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible. One of the first innovations was the convening of the first Zemsky Sobor in 1549 called the Cathedral of Reconciliation.

   C) The policy of "enlightened absolutism", that is, an unlimited monarchy, formally based on the rule of law and declaring the main goal of achieving the welfare of the subjects, is strongly associated with the reign of Catherine II. The convening of the Legislative Commission (got its name because it had to adopt a new "code", that is, a set of laws) took place in 1767 it was during the reign of Catherine II, who was sure that correct and modern laws would help rapid development countries.

   D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were the decrees “On Peace” and “On Land”, adopted at the II Congress of Soviets in October 1917 after the overthrow of the Provisional Government. They allowed the Bolsheviks to gain broad popular support.

3. Set correspondence between fragments historical sources and them brief characteristics: for each fragment, indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics, indicated by numbers.

   FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
   BUT)	"The courtyards between which is enclosed Parisian treatise... together with other sovereigns and powers allied to them ... ordered their plenipotentiaries to draw up ... one main treatise and attach to it, as integral parts, all the other provisions of the congress. ... The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those regions and districts, which are assigned a different appointment in the following articles, forever joins the Russian Empire. By virtue of its constitution, it will be inseparable from Russia and in the possession of His Majesty the Emperor of All Russia, his heirs and successors for all eternity. His imperial majesty intends to grant, at his own discretion, the internal structure of this state, which has to be under a special government. His Majesty, in accordance with the custom and order existing in the discussion of his other titles, will add to them the title of Tsar (King) of Poland.
   	“His royal majesty of Svea yields this for himself and his descendants and heirs of the Svei throne and the kingdom of Svei to his royal majesty and his descendants and heirs of the Russian state in perfect unconditional eternal confluence and property in this war, through his royal majesty the weapons from the crown of Svei conquered provinces : Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland and part of Karelia with the district of Vyborg fief. ... Against the same, his royal majesty promises in 4 weeks after the exchange of ratifications of this peace treaty, or before, if possible, to return to his royal majesty and the crown of Svea ... The Grand Duchy of Finland ... "

   CHARACTERISTICS

   1) This agreement was signed in Berlin.

   2) Under this agreement, Russia received access to the Baltic Sea.

   3) This agreement was signed in Vienna.

   4) A.L. was a contemporary of the signing of this agreement. Ordin-Nashchokin.

   5) This agreement was signed following the results of the Northern War.

   6) In the territory annexed to Russia under this agreement, in the early 1830s. there was a massive uprising.

   The first fragment is part of the addendum to the Treaty of Paris, which is what is mentioned in the text. The Treaty of Paris was concluded between the countries of the anti-French coalition and France in 1814 after the first abdication of Napoleon. After that, the victorious powers left for a congress in Vienna decide the fate of Europe. They returned France to the old, pre-revolutionary borders, redrawn the borders of Europe liberated from Napoleon. Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw, which did not want to accept becoming part of the Russian Empire and rebelled more than once. The first major uprising took place in 1830-1831 gg.

   The second fragment is part of the Nystadt peace treaty concluded between Russia and Sweden after the end of Northern war in 1721. This can be understood by the mention of Livonia, Estonia and Ingermanland - the Baltic lands that became part of Russia, which thus received access to the Baltic Sea.

   Answer:

4. Which of the following applies to the New Economic Policy (1921–1928)? Choose three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

   1) approval of private ownership of land

   2) the introduction of cost accounting at state enterprises

   3) denationalization of heavy industry

   4) the emergence of a credit and banking system and stock exchanges

   5) the abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade

   6) introduction of concessions

   NEP - the new economic policy was adopted on X Congress of the RCP (b) in 1921 It was the time when the active and large-scale phase of the Civil War ended with the victory of the Reds. For the leader of the Bolsheviks V.I. Lenin, it became obvious that it was impossible to continue the mobilization policy of "war communism", which made it possible to supply the army and industry with resources during the war, but unacceptable for peacetime. It was necessary to move from forced labor and the official absence of commodity-money relations to normal economic relations. But Soviet government could not completely move away from the Marxist axioms in the economy: state ownership of land, large enterprises, state foreign trade monopoly, etc., so the changes were half-hearted. Self-financing was introduced at state enterprises, the credit and banking system, stock exchanges and concessions were recreated.

   Answer: 246.

5. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want.

   A) ______________ conference of the "Big Three" was held in 1943.

   B) One of the first rams in a night air battle made Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.

   C) During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle took place at ________________.

   Missing items:

   1) Yalta (Crimean)

   2) N.F. Gastello

   3) Prokhorovka station

   4) Tehran

   5) V.V. Talalikhin

   6) Dubosekovo junction

   It is difficult to suggest any logic for solving this task. Here you need to know the historical facts. Allied Conference anti-Hitler coalition in 1943 took place in Tehran(there is even a film "Tehran-43"). One of the first night rams was made by pilot V.V. Talalikhin did not die in it. Well, about the battle near the village of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk, it’s a sin for a school graduate not to know.

   Answer: 453.

6. Establish a correspondence between events and participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

   This task also requires knowledge historical facts Fortunately, they are quite famous. The battle on the ice is strongly associated with Alexander Nevsky. One of the main Russian commanders at the beginning Livonian War was Andrei Kurbsky, who fled from the disgrace of Ivan the Terrible to Lithuania. The closest associate of Peter I A.D. participated in the Battle of Poltava. Menshikov, Wrangel's army in the Crimea was defeated by one of the most famous Red commanders, M. Frunze.

   Answer: 4356.

7. Read an excerpt from the memoirs and write the name of the author.

   “I saw not only the uselessness, but also the harm of combining posts, and I even referred: “Imagine my situation, I criticized Stalin for combining in one person two such responsible posts in the state and in the party, and now I myself ...” I put this question on court of historians. My weakness had an effect, or maybe the inner worm was undermining me, weakening my resistance. Even before I became the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Bulganin made a proposal to appoint me as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Moreover, in the Presidium of the Central Committee, military issues, the army, weapons belonged to my diocese. This happened without publication in the press and was decided in a purely internal way, in case of war. Inside the armed forces, the highest command staff was informed about this. ”
   

   The text must be read very carefully. Excerpts are chosen for a reason, they will definitely contain a “beacon”. AT this case we are talking about the post-Stalin period and a man who criticized Stalin, holding a very high position. Already a clear allusion to N.S. Khrushchev. Finally, we must be convinced by the title of the post he occupies - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Starting with L.I. Brezhnev, the head of the country was called the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

   Answer: Khrushchev.

   USE in social studies: analysis of tasks with a teacher
8. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element.

   Missing items:

   1) the adoption of the US constitution

   3) Civil War in England

   4) the end of the Hundred Years War

   5) annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire

   8) the abolition of serfdom in Russia

   9) speech by M. Luther with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany

   In my opinion, this is one of the most difficult tasks. Knowledge of the dates is required not only domestic, but also foreign history. The only indulgence is that there are options to choose from and you just need to specify the century. 19th century in the history of Russia is, of course, the abolition of serfdom ( 1861 G.). Vladimir Monomakh ruled, practically, before the very fragmentation, and this is the XII century. ( 1113–1125). Annexation of Pskov ( 1510), along with Ryazan and Smolensk, to the Moscow principality at the beginning of the 16th century. completed the process of forming a unified Russian state. Around the same time ( 1517.) in Germany, the priest Martin Luther published his "95 Theses", which was the beginning of the Reformation. And at the end of the XVIII century. ( 1783) Russian empire annexed Crimea, and in the British colonies in North America, after the revolution and the war of liberation, the US constitution was adopted ( 1787).

   Answer: 862951.

9. Read an excerpt from the commander's telegram.

   “Everyone was perfectly aware that, given the situation and the actual leadership and direction domestic policy irresponsible public organizations, as well as the enormous corrupting influence of these organizations on the mass of the army, it will not be possible to recreate the latter, but, on the contrary, the army as such should fall apart in two or three months. And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be terrible for Russia. The government took half measures, which, without correcting anything, only prolonged the agony, and, saving the revolution, did not save Russia. Meanwhile, the gains of the revolution could be saved only by saving Russia, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to create a real strong government and improve the rear. General Kornilov presented a number of demands, the implementation of which was delayed. Under such conditions, General Kornilov, not
   pursuing no personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the speedy creation of a strong government to save the Motherland, and with it the gains of the revolution, considered necessary more decisive measures that would ensure the establishment of order in the country ... "Using passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below.

   Record in a table numbers under which they are listed.

   1) The events described in the telegram took place in 1916.

   2) The government referred to in the telegram was called SNK.

   5) The Bolsheviks supported the actions of General Kornilov.

   6) The "decisive measures" of General Kornilov, which are indicated in the telegram, were not carried out.

   A huge number of conclusions can be drawn from this large and capacious text, so it is better to act by elimination method, analyzing the proposed options.

   1) – no, the described events took place in 1917 after the overthrow of the tsarist government, since the text refers to the management of politics by "irresponsible public organizations" (apparently, we are talking about the Provisional Government and the Soviets).

   2) - no, SNK - the first Soviet government was created only in October 1917 at the Second Congress of Soviets, and judging by the text, at the time described, the "Kornilov rebellion" in August 1917 had not yet happened.

   5) - no, the Bolsheviks did not support Kornilov, but opposed with all their might, since Kornilov directly threatened their existence.

   6) - yes, the "decisive measures" of Kornilov, who was marching with troops on Petrograd, were not carried out. It was stopped by the combined forces of the Provisional Government and the Soviets.

   Answer: 346.

Methodological assistance to a history teacher
10. Write the name of the commander-in-chief who carried out the campaign indicated by arrows on the diagram.

    Before studying a map, you need to carefully read its legend.

    We see that the Russian principalities are singled out separately. So, we are talking about a period of specific fragmentation. Besieged cities are marked. We read their names on the map: Kolomna, Moscow, Suzdal, etc. We compare the data: who during the period of fragmentation massively besieged Russian cities? Mongols. Who was their leader? Batu.

    Answer: Baty.

11. Write the name of the city indicated by the number "1" on the diagram.

    We know that during the first campaign of Batu to Russia, he defeated the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal Russia. The capital, the city of Vladimir, was taken by storm in 1238 It is he who is indicated by the number 1 on the map. The city of Suzdal, located not far from it in the north, also helps us to determine this.

    Answer: Vladimir.

12. Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by a number, where during the period of this campaign there was a republican form of government.

    AT 13th century., and it was then that Batu's campaign took place, in almost all Russian principalities there was a monarchical form of government with minor differences. In Novgorod and Pskov, a republic was established, where the townspeople elected officials for themselves. The number 2 on the map marks Novgorod.

    Answer: Novgorod.

13. What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

    1) The conquerors invaded Russia in the winter.

    2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors survived the siege for more than one week.

    3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram.

    4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.

    5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded the borders of Russia from the southeast.

    6) The military leader, whose campaign is indicated on the diagram, is the founder of the state.

    Again work with judgments.

    1. - right, it was in the winter that the Mongols preferred to attack, since it was possible not to be afraid of mudslides and use the frozen rivers as roads.
    2. - incorrectly, Kozelsk withstood a 49-day siege, for which it was nicknamed the "evil city" by the Mughals.
    3. - incorrect, Batu did not even reach them. And besides, these cities belonged to Novgorod land, and Novgorod managed to pay off the defeat.
    4. - incorrect, fragmentation began more than 100 years before Batu's campaign.
    5. - right, it is from the southeast, which is clear from the map.
    6. - right, Batu founded the state Golden Horde, to which the Russian lands were subordinated.

    Answer: 156.

14. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

    Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

    Cultural issues are among the most difficult. Let's try to figure it out.

    A) "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" was written by an unknown author, and for some time was considered a falsification. It describes the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsians in the 12th century.

    B) "Domostroy" - a collection of teachings and housekeeping rules, written by the priest Sylvester for the education of the young Tsar Ivan the Terrible, based on Novgorod instructive texts.

    C) The painting "Boyar Morozova" was painted by Surikov. Boyarynya Morozova - real historical character, one of the leaders of the church schism of the 17th century.

    D) The novel "Quiet Flows the Don" was written by Sholokhov, who received the Nobel Prize for it in 1966.

    Answer: 4365.

Learning to work with atlases and contour maps in history




15. What judgments about this brand are true? Choose two sentences from the five offered. Record in a table numbers under which they are listed.

    1) The military figure depicted on the stamp was subjected to repression.

    2) The military figure depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.

    3) The events depicted on the stamp by arrows took place during the First World War.

    4) The military figure depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.

    5) This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev.

    In this task, it seems to me more convenient to find the right judgments without wasting time on analyzing all the proposed ones. On the stamp we see the image of Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was shot in 1937 The date is also on the stamp. 1963 relating to the reign of N.S. Khrushchev.

    Answer: 15.

16. Which of the presented coins are dedicated to the anniversaries of the events that took place during the life of the military figure depicted on the stamp? Write in your answer two digits with which these coins are marked.

    So, the first coin is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War in 1945. By this time, Tukhachevsky was dead. The second coin was issued in honor of the 170th anniversary of Russian railways. The road St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo was opened in 1837, when the executed marshal was not yet born. The third one marks the 100th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. The Parliament (State Duma) was opened in 1906. Tukhachevsky was repressed at the age of 40 years old, respectively, he found the Duma. The USSR was created in 1922, which also refers to the time of Tukhachevsky's life.

    Answer: 34.

From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference

“The 19th All-Union Party Conference ... states: worked out by the Party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and XXVII Congress the party's strategic course towards a comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is steadily being put into practice. The country's slide into an economic and socio-political crisis has been suspended...

The process of improving the country's economy, its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of the people, has begun. New methods of management are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprises (Associations), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The law on cooperation was developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-industrial labor relations based on contracts and leases, as well as individual labor activity, are coming into life. Perestroika underway organizational structures management, aimed at creating favorable conditions for the effective management of the primary links of the economy.

The work launched on the initiative of the Party made it possible to resume the growth of the real incomes of the working people. Practical measures are being taken to increase the production of food and consumer goods, and to expand housing construction. Education and health reforms are being carried out. Spiritual life is becoming a powerful factor in the progress of the country. Significant work has been done to rethink the modern realities of world development, update and give dynamism foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering deeper and deeper into the life of Soviet society, exerting an ever-increasing transformative influence on it.

17. Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. Indicate the name of the politician who was the leader of the country at the time when these events took place. Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR when this politician was the leader of the country.

    This question again requires us to carefully read the text. The concepts mentioned in it, such as: “self-financing”, “Law on the state enterprise”, “cooperation”, “individual labor activity” and, most importantly, “perestroika”, allow us to determine the period - this 1980 - years. The state at that time was led by M.S. Gorbachev, and the period of his reign went down in history under the name "perestroika".

18. What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? Specify any three directions.

    We carefully read and see that the text mentions: 1) introduction of new methods of management, 2) education and health reforms, 3) expansion of housing construction.

19. What is the outcome of the implementation of the Party's strategic course under consideration? Invoking historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to such a result.

    Despite the optimistic spirit that permeated the resolution of the party conference, things in the USSR were not so rosy. Spasmodic and often ill-conceived attempts to reform the Soviet economy, which even the party resolution called "sliding into a crisis", did not bring success. The result was an acute economic and socio-political crisis, ended with the collapse of the USSR.

    The causes of this large-scale, world-changing phenomenon are still being debated at various levels. This issue has a very strong political background. The attitude towards the collapse of the USSR is often the basis for the differences between modern political parties and movements. But we will try to be as objective and impartial as possible.

    1) By the end of the 1980s, the Soviet planned economy had exhausted the resources for its development; it was unable to adequately respond to the changing economic situation and compete on equal terms with the market economies of developed countries.

    2) Despite the declared monolithic nature of the Soviet society, which united peoples with different cultural and social traditions, separatist tendencies matured inside the USSR, encouraged by the political elites of the Union republics who wanted political independence.

USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher
20. many cities Ancient Russia appeared on the banks of the rivers. Explain what were the advantages of this location of the city (give three explanations).

    Cities on the banks of rivers arose in many countries for similar reasons:

    1) water is necessary for a person himself and for running a settled economy (watering plants, watering livestock);

    2) rivers in Russia were of paramount importance for trade. Not without reason, the main Russian cities were located on waterway"From the Varangians to the Greeks".

    3) the city, located on the banks of the river, has protection in the event of an attack by enemies from at least one side (strong walls will protect the others).

21. AT historical science there are debatable problems on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.

    "The domestic policy of Alexander III contributed to the progressive development of the social and economic spheres of public life."

    Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support given point view, and two arguments by which to refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

    Write your answer in the following form.

    Arguments to support:

    Arguments in rebuttal:

    The reign of Alexander III with the light hand of one St. Petersburg journalist of the late XIX century. began to be called the “period of counter-reforms”, with a negative connotation, but even some Soviet historians, despite the generally negative attitude towards Alexander III, recognized that certain measures of his domestic policy had a positive impact on the development of the socio-economic development of Russian society.

    Arguments to support:

    1. At Alexandra III active railway construction was carried out, including with public funds, which had a positive effect on the economic development of the country.
    2. The formation of labor legislation began, which facilitated the working conditions of women and children.

    Arguments in rebuttal:

    1. A city "counter-reform" was carried out, which increased the property qualification for voters, which limited the social base of self-government bodies.
    2. The institution of zemstvo chiefs was introduced, who had power over the peasant, similar to the power of the landowner over the serf.
22. You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods in the history of Russia:

    The essay must:

    - indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;

    - name two historical figures whose activities are associated with the indicated events (phenomena, processes), and, using the knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the persons named by you in these events (phenomena, processes);

    - indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships that characterize the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred in a given period;

    - using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, evaluate the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia.

    In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.

    For writing the essay, I will choose the period from March 1801 to May 1812. - “the days of the Alexandrovs are a wonderful beginning,” as A.S. Pushkin in the poem "To the Censor". This is the time from the accession to the throne of Alexander I and, almost, until the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812.

    It is not for nothing that the poet designated this era in this way. The young emperor was full of ideas of reforming Russia in order to bring it closer in terms of living standards to Western European countries. For this, according to Alexander I, it was necessary first of all to limit the autocracy and destroy the shameful serfdom. And, if even his educator with republican convictions, La Harpe, advised the tsar to limit the autocracy, then the first step towards the destruction of serfdom was made by the publication in 1803 of the decree “On free cultivators”. This decree, which became a compromise between the desire of Alexander I, if possible, to completely abolish serfdom and the fear of indignation of the nobles, allowed the landowners to release serfs into freedom with land and for a ransom. Despite the small number of peasants liberated in this way, the significance of the decree is enormous. The emperor demonstrated to society his attitude towards serfdom, and, in addition, some of the provisions of the "Decree" were implemented in peasant reform 1861

    The second person who determined the image of the era was M.M. Speransky. A native of the family of a rural priest, thanks to his talents, he made a dizzying career, becoming, according to Emperor Alexander I, his right hand. The emperor in the first years of his reign had not yet abandoned the idea of ​​reforming the archaic Russian state structure. Brilliantly educated, possessing an exceptionally deep mind, M.M. Speransky hatched grandiose plans for transforming the Russian system of government: limiting autocracy by an elected legislative body - the State Duma, creating a State Council that unites all branches of government, granting civil rights to the entire population, which, in fact, made it impossible to implement serfdom. Only the creation of the State Council in 1810 was realized, and only with legislative functions. Yielding to the pressure of the “high society”, who hated the upstart reformer and accused him of having ties with Napoleon, Alexander I sent M.M. Speransky into exile. His mind and transformative plans in given time turned out to be unclaimed, and this slowed down the development of the statehood of our country. Many ideas of M.M. Speransky will be implemented, but only a century later and under the pressure of the first Russian revolution. There will be a State Duma and civil rights for the population, but it's too late.

USE 2017 History 10 training options Artasov

M.: 2016. - 128 p.

The attention of schoolchildren and applicants is offered a manual for preparing for the unified state exam, which contains 10 training options for examination papers in history. Each option is compiled in full accordance with USE requirements, includes tasks of different types and difficulty levels for all sections of the history course; "Antiquity and the Middle Ages", "Modern Time", "Recent History", knowledge of the content of which is checked within the framework of the Unified State Examination. A significant bank of examination materials (340 tasks in Part 1, 60 in Part 2) provides an excellent opportunity for intensive training and mastering the necessary for successful passing the exam knowledge, skills and abilities.
At the end of the book, answers are given for self-testing for all tasks of part 1, the main content of the answers and the criteria for evaluating tasks of part 2.

Format: pdf

The size: 7.1 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

The manual contains 10 training options for exam paper in history to prepare for the exam. The structure and content of the options are fully consistent with the demo version of the control measuring materials (CMM) for the unified state exam.
The work covers the content of the history course from antiquity to the present.
The total number of tasks in the examination paper is 25. Each version of the KIM consists of two parts.
Part 1 includes 19 tasks with a short answer (a sequence of numbers or a word (phrase)). With their help, basic knowledge of historical facts, processes, phenomena, causes and consequences of events is checked; the ability to search for information in the source; the ability to analyze information presented in a historical text source, classify and systematize facts, work with a historical map (diagram), illustrative material.
Part 2 contains 6 tasks with a detailed answer, identifying and evaluating the development of various complex skills by graduates.
20-22 - a set of tasks related to the analysis of a historical source (conducting source attribution; extracting information; attracting historical knowledge to analyze the problems of the source, the position of the author).
23-25 ​​- tasks related to the use of methods of cause-and-effect, structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis for the study of historical processes and phenomena. Task 23 is connected with the analysis of any historical problem, situation. Task 24 - analysis of historical versions and assessments, argumentation of different points of view with the involvement of knowledge of the course. Task 25 involves writing a historical essay. This is an alternative task: the graduate has the opportunity to choose one of the three periods of Russian history and demonstrate his knowledge and skills on the most familiar historical material. Task 25 is evaluated according to a system of criteria.
We pay attention to the system of evaluation of individual tasks and the work as a whole.

Quite a lot of schoolchildren take the USE in history. Points will be useful in such humanitarian faculties as jurisprudence, political science, journalism. Many people think that this is a difficult subject, but this is not entirely true. The average score is low compared to geography or.

The biggest knowledge gaps in cartography, cultural studies. Many cannot compare the events of domestic and foreign history, confusion arises with historical figures.

The largest number of incorrect answers in the second part. There is a need to give arguments, to support a position with theses.

The last part requires write an essay, which also causes a lot of problems. If a student did not learn history in either the 7th or 8th grade, then you need to start from the basics, namely from chronology. To pass the exam, you need to know all the events in chronological order.

Also need learn all dates, and there are quite a few of them. The exam checks all dates to the nearest day. Many people get frustrated when they see how much information they need to learn.

How to remember events and dates

The study of history begins with the uprising of the Drevlyans, the baptism of Russia, etc. These events took place in the 10th century, respectively, we remember and teach significant personalities- princes. We “attach” an event to each to make it easier to remember.

When studying history, you will need to learn cartography. Let's take a personality - Prince Oleg. On the map, we look at how he expanded the territory and with whom he fought. Need know everyone by sight, and if there are no illustrations in the textbooks, then we look on the Internet. We pay attention to the buildings - who built the temple, when, what contributed.

Some remember information better when it is presented visually. This is a great way, as there is a lot of material to read in history and illustrations will help you remember important information accurately.

There is a task in the second part, which many students fail. It is required to comprehend the text, indicate the time, events, ruler. Next, you will need to answer questions, write arguments to refute or confirm the position.

For example, let's take one of the most significant events - baptism in Russia. Write the pros and cons. For this you need review materials from discussions. These questions are well understood in history lessons.

Another difficult task is an essay. In the same place it is necessary to define events. The greatest difficulties arise with the second period of government. You will need to describe the event, what happened as a result, what personalities are associated with it. An event may fall out of the reign of the Rurikids, the Romanovs, or the Soviet period.

You need to start preparing early especially if you are preparing from scratch. By April, you should already have a clear picture of events and you devote the rest of the time to processing knowledge, complex tasks.

To prepare well, you need to understand why you are handing over the subject. For example, points are required for admission to military school or law school. After you receive a diploma, it is highly likely that you will not have a comfortable life, since. You also need to determine how many points you need to score at least. For example, 80 points. This is quite a lot, so it is worth making every effort.

At the lessons, you need to listen carefully to the teacher, make notes in a notebook, independently refine the material and If you have questions don't be shy to ask them. You can discuss your exam preparation plan with your teacher. Typically, the school has extra classes in preparation for the exam. They are a must to visit.

It's better to start sooner rather than later. If possible, take part in history olympiads. So you work out and repeat the material again. If by grade 11 you don’t know anything about history, then don’t worry - there is still time.

Plan your study time clearly. Ideally, exercise for two hours 3-4 times a week. First, study the theory, then move on to solving tests. Also deal with difficult questions.

Exam preparation plan

1. learn USE structure . To pass the exam well, you need to know what you need to write in each part. There are tasks with historical documents, maps, problematic questions on history, names, dates, concepts.
2. Divide preparation into stages. The most optimal division: the Old Russian state, the decline of the state, education centralized state, the reign of the Godunovs, the Romanovs, Peter the Great, coups, etc.

Schoolchildren study for 35 weeks. One period is one week. On vacation, it’s better to take a break, as you will have another 13 weeks left, and this is enough to consolidate the material. First, study all the periods and only then solve the tests.

There is an opinion that up to 70% of tasks are devoted to the 19th-20th century, so there is no need to focus too much on medieval history.

What materials are useful

1. Textbook for self-preparation for the exam in history. It is better to use the materials of the Enlightenment publishing house or study Sakharov's specialized textbook.
2. Tables and diagrams useful for memorizing information in the form of diagrams. Reading textbooks is also a must.
3. Atlases stories.
4. Video lectures in preparation for the exam.
5. Texts for the preparation of. To get started, study all the material from the FIPI website.

How else to prepare for the exam

1. Keep notes. When you write information with your hand, you remember it better. Structure the information, highlight the important in bright colors.
2. Write cheat sheets on difficult tasks (24, 25). However don't wear them to the exam.
3. Solve demo materials on the FIPI website.
4. Learn maps, geographical objects. It is better to hang a map of Russia in the room for a while. Often you need to specify the name of geographical objects, the location of cities.
5. If you need high score, then you need teach culture. It is better to make a table with stamps, posters, sculptures, architectural structures, paintings by artists.
6. Work with historical documents.
7. See history films.

Another important tip that will help you prepare for the Unified State Exam in history on your own is to remember historical figures, the year and the event cut small cards. On one side, you need to indicate the ruler, and on the other, the years of life or reign, events and short description activities. Form decks and teach.