Early exam tests Russian. How to prepare for the exam in the Russian language
A1
In which word is a mistake made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is incorrectly highlighted?
- let's call them
- rvalA
- citizenship
- old
Right answers:
- citizenship
A2
In which answer is the underlined word used incorrectly?
- In the obscure, diffused light of the night, the MAJESTIC and beautiful prospects of St. Petersburg opened before us: the Neva, the embankment, the canals, the palaces.
- DIPLOMATIC relations between Russia and the USA were established in 1807.
- The most HUMANE professions on earth are those on which the spiritual life and health of a person depends.
Right answers:
- Iron, chromium, manganese, copper and nickel are COLOR substances, components of many paints based on these minerals.
A3
Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.
- lie down (on the floor)
- their work
- hot soups
- six hundred students
Right answers:
- six hundred students
A4
Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Talking about the richness of the language,
- discussion began in the audience.
- I have an interest in this issue.
- specific examples are required.
Right answers:
- we meant mainly his vocabulary.
A5
Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).
- "Moidodyr", written by Korney Chukovsky and published in the 20s of the twentieth century, has become one of the most beloved works of children.
- M. Gorky in one of his articles notes that poets before Pushkin did not know the people at all, were not interested in their fate, rarely wrote about them.
- Those who have been striving for a dream since childhood often realize their life plans.
Right answers:
- Thanks to the increase in the level of service in branded stores, more customers have become.
A6
In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by a separate definition expressed by participle turnover?
- French words and expressions that penetrate the Russian language are called gallicisms.
- In order to promote the development of literature and literary language created in the 18th century Russian Academy which has become the main scientific center studying the Russian language and literature.
- In the second half of the 18th century, the French influence on the speech of Russian nobles, which played an important role in the process of Europeanization of the Russian literary language, becomes predominant.
Right answers:
- The environment in which living organisms exist is constantly changing.
A7-A12
Text for tasks A7 - A12
(1) ... (2) Wooden sailing ships, approaching, fired point-blank at each other with cast-iron cannonballs from small cannons loaded from the muzzle. (3) Since the energy of the cores was rarely enough to disable the ship, the battle could end in abodage. (4) At the same time, sailors landed on the enemy deck from the attacking ship, which grappled with its side with the side of the enemy, who, in hand-to-hand combat, tried to take possession of the enemy ship. (5) ... the industrial revolution of the 19th century very quickly made adjustments to this area of \u200b\u200bmilitary affairs, and steam engines became the first important innovation. (6) Their installation on warships eliminated the former dependence on the strength and direction of the wind, made it possible to freely maneuver, choosing the most favorable position for firing and at the same time providing the least vulnerability to enemy fire.
A7
Which of the following sentences should come first in this text?
- The unreliability of the first steam engines and their size caused a rather skeptical attitude among sailors.
- Along with artillery, other types of naval weapons appeared.
- For the first time, steam engines took part in hostilities during the Crimean War.
Right answers:
- Back in the first third of the 19th century, naval battles differed little from those that took place a hundred years before.
A8
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the fifth sentence?
- but
- In spite of this,
- Consequently,
Right answers:
- but
A9
What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of the complex sentence of the text?
- steel machine (offer 5)
- ships fired at point-blank range (sentence 2)
- the sailors tried to take over (sentence 4)
Right answers:
- disable (sentence 3)
A10
Indicate the correct description of the third sentence of the text.
- complex unionless
- complex
- simple with homogeneous members
- complex with allied and allied subordination between parts
Right answers:
- complex
A11
Identify the sentence that contains the present passive participle.
Right answers:
A12
Indicate the meaning of the word CORRECTION (CORRECTIONS) (sentence 5).
- politeness
- ratio
- mistake
- amendment
Right answers:
- amendment
A13
In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?
The originality of the art (1) world of the ra (2) of their stories N.V. Gogol's connection (3) about with the use of folklore traditions: in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works.
- 1, 2, 3
- 2, 3, 4
- 1, 2, 4
Right answers:
- 1, 2, 4
A14
In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?
- programm...ssive, with...initiate, age...st
- selects ... selects, ornam ... nt, program ...
- donkey ... captive, to ... fell asleep, sover ... renity
Right answers:
- in ... rhovie, development ... decay, w ...
A15
In which row in all words is the same letter missing?
- on ... masonry, oh ... fighting, on ... lowercase
- on ... to play, over ... investment, from ... skating
- bar ... black, with ... sting, monkey ... yana
Right answers:
- pr...stand up, pr...glue, pr...school
A16
In which row in both words is the letter I written at the place of the gap?
- pronunciation ... sh, transform ... my
- related ... fluffy ...
- look ... look, notice ... who
- flip ... sh, broke ... ny
Right answers:
- look ... look, notice ... who
A17
In which answer option are all the words where the letter E is omitted?
A. nickel ... vyy, B. finish building ... wat, C. welcome ... in, G. poor ... wat
- A, B, D
- A B C
Right answers:
A18
A19
In which sentence are both underlined words spelled together?
- The city of Kalinov does not need lightning rods or a perpetual motion machine, BECAUSE (THAT) all this (FOR) SIMPLY has no place in the patriarchal world.
- You can (IN) DIFFERENTLY explain the scene of a verbal duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, and (IN) THE BEGINNING it may seem that the nihilist is right.
- TO (WOULD) return Radishchev to the modern reader, it is necessary to try to impartially evaluate him philosophical views, SO (SAME) as well as literary creativity.
Right answers:
- (FOR) FREQUENTLY we don’t even imagine (FOR) HOW MUCH it is important for a person to understand what is the main thing for him in life.
A20
Indicate the correct explanation for the use of a comma or its absence in the sentence.
M.V. Lomonosov outlined the distinction between significant and functional words () and in the future this distinction was supported by the largest representatives of Russian science.
- A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And no comma is needed.
- A compound sentence with a minor member common to parts, a comma is not needed before the union And.
- A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.
Right answers:
- A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.
A21
The first exhibition of the Wanderers (1), which opened in 1871 (2), convincingly demonstrated the existence in painting (3) of a new direction that was developing during the 60s (4).
- 1, 2, 3
- 1, 2, 3, 4
Right answers:
A22
In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentences?
In late autumn or winter, flocks of melodiously chirping or sharply screaming birds appear on the streets of cities. Here (1) apparently (2) for this cry the birds got their name - waxwings, because the verb "to whistle" (3) as linguists believe (4) once meant "to whistle sharply, scream."
- 1, 2, 3, 4
Right answers:
- 1, 2, 3, 4
A23
Specify the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)
- Someone cleaned up the tower and waited for the owners.
- Many literary scholars and historians again and again argue about Goethe's relationship with the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin.
- Rows of trees or shrubs or flowers went in all directions from the houses.
Right answers:
- In the syntactic structure of two poetic texts, we can find both similarities and differences.
A24
How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?
A big role in the opera by A.P. Borodin "Prince Igor" is played by folk scenes: the choirs of the townspeople of Putivl, seeing off Igor with his army on a campaign, the choir of boyars, announcing the captivity of the prince.
- The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the consequence of what is said in the first part.
- The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part.
- The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the time of doing what is said in the second part.
Right answers:
- The generalizing word comes before the homogeneous parts of the sentence.
A25
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?
The idea of a single European space (1) whose fan (2) (3) was the first director of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Malinovsky (4) gained many supporters.
Right answers:
A26
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?
After the third bell rang (1), the curtain trembled and slowly crawled up (2) and (3) as soon as the audience saw their favorite (4), the walls of the theater literally trembled with applause and enthusiastic screams.
- 1, 2, 3, 4
Right answers:
- 1, 2, 3, 4
A27
Read the text.
Text for task A27
Underground storage facilities for liquid radioactive products and solid waste disposal sites can be sources of contamination of soils, groundwater and underground (deep) water. Therefore, in order to prevent and prevent dangerous radioactive contamination, control is carried out over the movement of groundwater from the disposal points to the outlet of groundwater to a surface water source. This control is carried out with the help of special maps of the movement of groundwater and the possible migration of pollution.
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?
- Control over the spread of radioactive products in the soil stream is carried out in observation wells, the depth and location of which depend on the purpose of the structures, hydrogeological conditions and the nature of the soil.
- Liquid and solid radioactive wastes are sources of contamination of soils, ground and underground (deep) waters.
- The direction of movement and the speed of ground and underground (deep) waters require strict control, so it is necessary to create special hydrogeological maps of different regions of Russia.
Right answers:
- In order to avoid hazardous radioactive contamination, special maps are used to control the movement of groundwater from radioactive waste disposal sites to the exit to a surface water source.
A28-A30, B1-B8
Read the text and complete tasks A28-A30, B1-B8.
Text for tasks A28-A30, B1-B8
(According to E. Sikiric*)
A28
Which statement does not match the content of the text?
- Every action must resonate in the soul loved one then the relationship will be harmonious.
- In a relationship, it is important to overcome the feeling of possessiveness and selfishness.
- People are united by shared hardships.
Right answers:
- Love is based solely on the similarity of people's characters.
A29
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
- Sentence 4 explains the judgment made in sentence 3.
- Proposition 8 contains the substantiation of the assertion made in Proposition 7.
- Sentences 12-15 contain reasoning.
Right answers:
- Sentences 9-11 present the narrative.
A30
Which sentence uses antonyms?
Right answers:
Part B
The answer to the tasks of this part (B1-B8) is a word (phrase), a number or a sequence of numbers. Write down your answer in the answer sheet No. 1 to the right of the task number, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
Attention
Answers to tasks B1-B3 write down in words.
IN 1
Indicate the way the word THREAT is formed (sentence 4).
Answer:
unsuffixed
IN 2
Write out the passive participle from sentences 7-8.
Answer:
experienced<или>experienced
IN 3
Indicate the type of subordination in the phrase THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN (sentence 11).
Answer:
control
Attention
Write down the answers to tasks B4-B7 in numbers.
AT 4
Among sentences 7-11, find a simple one-part impersonal sentence. Write the number of this offer.
Answer:
AT 5
Among sentences 5-10, find a sentence with a separate circumstance. Write the number of this offer.
Answer:
AT 6
Among sentences 10-11 find difficult sentence, which includes subordinate causes. Write the number of this compound sentence.
Answer:
AT 7
Among sentences 4-8, find one that is related to the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun and lexical repetition. Write the number of this offer.
Answer:
AT 8
Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks A28-A30, B1-B7. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Paste in the gaps (A B C D) digits corresponding to the number of the term from the list. If you do not know which number from the list should be in place of the gap, write the number 0.
Write the sequence of numbers in the answer sheet No. 1 to the right of task B8, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
“The author makes the reader think about the concepts that are important for each person. To this end, already in the first paragraph, he uses (A) ___ (“disconnects” - “unites”). Syntactic facility- (B) ___ (in sentences 4, 13), trope - (C) ___ ("they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple" in sentence 16) and lexical means - (D) ___ ("take the first step" in sentence 9) help the author express his attitude to the essence of the concepts under consideration.
List of terms:
1) phraseological unit
3) rows of homogeneous members
5) metaphor
6) antonyms
7) syntactic parallelism
8) expressive repetition
9) exclamatory sentences
Answer:
Part C
C1
Write an essay based on the text you read.
(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate the relationship, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) Still, the main question is another question that we must find an answer to if we want to improve or save our relations: “What unites us?”.
(3) The wise have rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us will exist. (4) If we are connected by a house, a summer residence, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that exist today and not tomorrow, then our relationship will be threatened with the very first problems in this area. (5) Relationships in which people no longer have anything in common are similar to Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is fine, but behind a beautiful facade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties experienced together and the moments of crisis. (8) If in overcoming obstacles, in finding solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to become better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives rise to new, deeper, amazing states of mind that open up new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn how to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) For a relationship, two are needed, and any of our steps should cause a resonance, a response from another person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our long efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they are kept only by one person and one person is trying to drag everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) The success of any relationship requires that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to consider them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas about what they should be. (14) We should not try to educate and remake people in our own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikiric*)
*Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich (born in 1956) is a contemporary publicist, philosopher, psychologist, and public figure.
Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argument your answer, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
Approximate range of problems
1. The problem of relationships between people. (What brings people together?)
2. The problem of overcoming selfishness in relations between people. (How to overcome selfishness in a relationship between two loving people?)
3. The problem of "formal" connections. (Why are “formal” connections worse than loneliness?)
Author's position
1. People are united by "experienced difficulties and moments of crisis."
2. To overcome the feeling of possessiveness and selfishness, one should not try to remake people; it is necessary to appreciate the individuality, the uniqueness of the people we love.
3. "Formal" connections are characterized by pretense, which generates emptiness.
Attention!
For those who want to be able to regularly do interactive tests " Trial USE” for evaluation, our website offers the course “USE-Navigator”. New variants are formed by the system each time the program is accessed from a huge database of tasks. Individual statistics of the results reflect the date and time of the work, the mark and the list of tasks in which errors were made.
In addition, 38 sections are available to you with background information, training and control tests for each of the tasks A1-A30 and B1-B8.
In contact with
We were informed that no fundamental changes are expected in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language in 2014. Still, there will be some changes. This became known from the regulatory documentation of FIPI.
If you are looking to get on the exam high score, then there are no trifles for you: any trifle can be fatal. Therefore, I recommend that you carefully consider each change.
For the first time published "Dictionary of Paronyms" for task A2. The materials of task A2 have changed significantly. There are many words, more than 300. The material on adjectives that has become familiar and well reflected in various manuals has been reduced. It's funny that the 2014 dictionary does not even include all examples of adjectives from USE demos FIPI 2014. There are a lot of nouns in the dictionary, a lot of verbs. There are some really hard words. Don't miss them when preparing for A2.
In the "Evaluation Criteria for the task with a detailed answer" from now on it is clearly and unambiguously stated: « If the examinee did not formulate or formulated incorrectly (in one form or another in any part of the essay) one of the problems of the source text, then such work is evaluated according to the K1-K4 criteria 0 points».
Answers in part B are now written no spaces, no commas or any other characters.
The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is, along with mathematics, a mandatory exam, but much more beloved by students. Statistical data of the results of past exams confirm that general level training in this subject is much higher than in others. And the number of students who scored 100 points in this subject is ten times higher than that in mathematics.
How was the passing of the exam in the Russian language in 2013
In 2013, 885,482 people took the Russian language. This figure is 6% higher than the total number of graduates. The reason is the desire of graduates of previous years to pass the exam for a higher mark. According to the results of the last delivery average in this subject is 62 points (for example, in mathematics only 43).
What to expect from the Unified State Examination in the Russian language in 2014?
- There are no special changes in KIMs. The criteria for evaluating and checking those tasks where a detailed answer is required have been slightly improved.
- The approximate date for passing the exam is May 27, 2014.
- The duration of the exam is 210 minutes.
- The minimum score, as in the previous year, is 36.
USE structure
- The exam in the Russian language consists of 39 tasks, which are divided into 3 parts.
- Part A includes 30 tests and contains questions basic level with the given answers.
- Part B, which includes 8 tasks increased complexity, consists of questions to which the applicant is required to answer himself.
- The hardest part of C is the composition. It is written according to the text. The assessment takes into account many criteria. Depending on the result, the essay will add a large number of points to the student or not be counted at all.
- Parts A and B (with the exception of B8, which can give up to 4 points) are worth 1 point and are checked by a computer. The maximum score for these tasks is 23 points.
- The essay is evaluated by experts on various parameters. It may not be counted if it has less than 70 words, does not rely on the original text, and does not have personal comments from the writer.
- For all tasks you can score 64 primary scores, which corresponds to 100 test.
- Try to fulfill maximum amount assignments.
- Parts A and B, which are checked by a computer, require that the answers be filled in clearly and that all the rules of the instruction be followed.
- Please read the wording of the question in its entirety before answering.
- When writing an essay, try to clearly follow the text you read. It is not necessary to write a work simply on a given topic. In this case, it may not be counted.
- The essay must be at least 150 words.
- Be especially careful when completing task B8. Clearly place numbers, letters and punctuation marks in separate cells, otherwise the computer will not be able to evaluate it correctly.
Demo version of the Unified State Examination 2014 in Russian
The demo version developed by FIPI will help you prepare for the exam in advance and find your shortcomings and knowledge gaps. You can download it from our website, as well as other materials published by FIPI:
- Demo version of the Unified State Examination in Russian 2014 (pdf, 274Kb)
- Specification KIM 2014 (pdf, 201Kb)
- Content Element Codifier in Mathematics 2014 (pdf, 179Kb)
- Russian orthoepic dictionary (pdf, 1.4Mb)
How to prepare for the exam in the Russian language?
Although the Russian language is the most favorite subject for students, preparation for it is not as easy as it seems. Sometimes school curriculum is not enough to get the required scores. In this case, additional training with a tutor or independent study of training materials will be required.
Useful materials
Various materials that we will publish in this section will be useful, as in self-training as well as when working with a tutor.
Need help with your studies?
