How to explain the statement of the colon in these sentences. Associative compound sentence: punctuation marks. Generalizing word with homogeneous members of a sentence
The second part of the BSP explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part.
The second part of the BSP indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.
The second part of the BSP indicates a consequence of what is said in the first part.
The generalizing word comes before the homogeneous parts of the sentence.
A dash is put, the first part of the BSP indicates the condition for performing the action, which is mentioned in the second part.
A colon is put, the second part reveals the content of the first part.
A dash separates the subject and the predicate.
A dash separates an application.
A dash separates parts of a non-union complex sentence with the meaning of the condition. -
A dash is placed in place of a missing member in an incomplete sentence.
How to explain the setting of two dashes in this sentence?
1) This is a sentence with direct speech, the words of the author are inside it.
The appendix, which has an explanatory character, is highlighted on both sides.
This is an incomplete proposal.
An insert (introductory) sentence is highlighted on both sides.
Give the correct explanation for the punctuation in this sentence.
A colon is put, since the second part of the complex sentence has the meaning of the reason.
A colon is put, since the content of the first part is specified in the second part of the BSP
A dash is put, since the second part of the complex sentence has the meaning of the consequence.
A dash is put, since the first part of the BSP refers to the condition of the action described in the second part.
Give the correct explanation for the punctuation in this sentence.
A dash stands after homogeneous members before a generalizing word.
A dash separates the subject and the nominal predicate.
A dash highlights a stand-alone application.
A dash separates parts of a non-union complex sentence.
The rich man cannot sleep - the rich thief is afraid.
It was not only grief - it was a complete change of life, of the whole future.
A two-month stay in the countryside, clean air, water, fishing - all this was different from our city life.
All the bachelors who lived in the house, flaunting their Cossack coats, lay here for almost the whole day on the bench, under the bench, on the stove—in a word, everywhere.
In which sentence should a colon be used instead of a dash?
The artist Korovin was talented in everything - he sang beautifully, played in amateur performances, wrote memoirs.
Forgiving the guilty is the right decision.
The only sign of life is an endless lace of hare tracks, occasionally crossed by a deep wolf path.
Here the chickens have a chicken coop, the horses have a stall, the dog has a kennel, and only I had to wander anywhere.
Indicate the correct explanation of the dash in the sentence:
A dash between subject and predicate.
After the generalizing word, homogeneous members follow.
A standalone application stands out.
Parts of an asyndetic complex sentence are separated
What punctuation mark and why is put in place of brackets in a sentence:
A colon is put: the second part of the sentence explains the content of the first part.
A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate, expressed by nouns.
Which example is missing the second dash?
It is impossible for a wolf to hunt large animals - horses, cattle, camels without partners.
“To teach a person something, one does not need to lecture, goad and insult him,” A.P. Chekhov believed.
Everything around: the sky, the sea, the swaying of the sail above, the murmur of the jet astern - everything spoke of love, of blissful love!
In the east, the country borders with Spain, in the south - with France.
Indicate the correct statement about the setting of a dash in the sentence below.
1) A standalone application is separated.
The second part of the sentence has the meaning of the conclusion.
In an incomplete sentence, a member of the sentence is missing.
The content of the second part of the sentence is opposed to the content of the first.
Give the correct explanation for the punctuation in this sentence.
A colon is put, the second part unionless proposal has a causal value.
A dash is put, the content of the second part is opposed to the content of the first.
A dash is put, the second part has the output value.
A colon is put, the second part specifies the content of the first.
Which sentence needs a colon? (Signs not posted.)
Jacob sang, everyone froze.
The most important thing in a person is a good heart.
Longing tormented Nastenka for three years she was not at home.
Lysko had his own grumbling at the beast and his own at the man.
How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?
The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.
The first part of the non-union complex sentence names the time of the action referred to in the second part.
The second part of the non-union complex sentence complements, reveals the content of the first part.
A colon is placed after the generalizing word before homogeneous members.
Which sentence should have a dash? (Signs not posted.)
I got up and went to the window outside the windows everything was snowy and silent.
Andrey Matveyevich was a famous Don ataman.
D.S. Likhachev claims that "memory is the overcoming of time, the overcoming of death."
The rain doesn't stop the fisherman.
Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.
In this task it is necessary to distinguish between:
1) a simple sentence with homogeneous members of the sentence and a generalizing word with them;
Clue. If you do not remember how to distinguish a simple sentence from a complex one, look at task A19.
2) punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.
Rule.
A generalizing word with homogeneous members of a sentence.
generalizing word- this is a word that is common in relation to homogeneous members of the sentence. Homogeneous members of the sentence clarify, concretize the generalizing word.
The generalizing word can be definitive pronouns and adverbs ( all, always, everywhere, everywhere), as well as other members of the sentence and whole phrases.
Generalizing words are the same member of the sentence as homogeneous members.
Depending on the position, there are three types of structures (with examples):
Unionless difficult sentence.
Parts of an asyndetic complex sentence are connected only with the help of intonation. UNION between grammatical bases NO.
| Between parts of the non-union sentence can be used | ||||
| semicolon | colon | dash | ||
| ;
parts are far from meaning The air was warm and clean; the stars twinkled strongly; smelled of hay and dust. there are commas inside parts The sky was covered with clouds; wind, intensifying; drove them away. |
: [reason]
Because, since Not a single bird was heard: everyone took shelter and fell silent. : [explanation] Namely, that is Dogs have a chivalrous rule: do not touch a dog on a leash or lying down. : [addition] Looking at the windows, it is difficult to understand whether the moon is still shining or not. |
–
opposition (comparison) Measure seven times, cut once. [Time, condition] – When...then, if...then The sun has risen and the day has begun. - [conclusion, consequence] So The strongest thunder struck - all the windows trembled. – Fast change of events At full speed on the side of the sled - Sasha in the snow. – comparison As if, as if It will pass - as if the sun will illuminate, look - it will give a ruble. |
||
1. Highlight grammatical foundations.
2. Determine what the punctuation mark separates: a generalizing word and homogeneous members of a sentence or parts of a complex sentence.
3. If the sentence is with a generalizing word, then find out the position of the generalizing word and homogeneous members.
4. If the sentence is complex, try to determine the semantic connection of grammatical foundations by inserting a suitable union in place of the punctuation mark.
5. By union, determine the answer.
Parsing the task.
How do you explain the use of a colon in this sentence?
Closer to sunset, the frost returned stealthily: at night it was still lord.
1) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.
2) The second part of the sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first.
3) The first part of the non-union sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.
Finding the grammatical basis: the frost was returning and he was the lord. The colon is between parts of a complex sentence.
Answer option number 1.
This option disappears, since it characterizes the relationship between the generalizing word and the homogeneous members of the sentence.
Answer option number 2.
The meaning of the cause is transmitted through the conjunction why. Revising the offer:
Closer to sunset, the frost was creeping back , because at night he was still king.
Union really fits.
Answer options #3 and 4.
They characterize a non-union sentence in which a dash is used between grammatical stems.
Thus the correct answer is #2.
Practice.
1. How to explain the use of a colon in this sentence?
The legacy of Marina Tsvetaeva is great: the poetess created seventeen poems, eight poetic dramas, memoirs, historical-literary and philosophical-critical prose.
1) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.
2) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of the first part.
3) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence.
2. How to explain the colon in this sentence?
A special stage in the fate of Kazemir Malevich was 1905: on August 5 of this year, he applied for admission to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
1) The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.
3) The second part of the non-union complex sentence contains an indication of a quick change of events.
4) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition of what is said in the second part.
3. How to explain the colon in this sentence?
Instruction
If a series of homogeneous members is preceded by a generalizing word, after it. For example: "Everyone was present at the celebration on the occasion of the city's day: girls and men and women, children and the elderly." The catchword here is "everything". A colon is also placed if there is no generalizing word preceding the homogeneous members, but the reader must be warned about the subsequent enumeration. For example: "Walking through the forest and picking mushrooms, we found: ten boletus, seven boletus, two white mushrooms and a lot of chanterelles."
It is important to note that if homogeneous members are expressed by proper names, whether they are names literary works, geographical names, etc., and they are preceded by a common application or a defined word (city, river, book), a colon is not put in such cases. The intonational warning pause, characteristic of generalizing words, is also absent during reading. For example: “Over the summer, a schoolboy works “War and Peace”, “Taras Bulba”, “Quiet Flows the Don” and others.”
After the generalizing word, the words “somehow”, “that is”, “namely”, “for example” can stand. In this case, they are separated from the generalizing word by a comma, and after them: “For lunch in the student canteen, various soups were offered, such as: cabbage soup, pickle, borscht, soup with meatballs.” If the sentence does not end with homogeneous members, they are also separated from the generalizing word by a colon, but after them a dash is placed. For example: "And everything around: the fields, and the roads, and the air - was saturated with the gentle evening sun."
In a complex sentence with one subordinate clause, a colon is placed before the last clause if the main clause contains words that warn of further clarification: "I dreamed of only one thing: that the pain would finally subside." If there are no such words subordinate clause separated from the leading comma.
In some cases, the colon is placed between the parts of the non-union complex sentence. So, this punctuation mark is used when the second part of the non-union sentence explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part (you can insert "namely"). For example: "The ethics teacher had one very important property: he disliked to death when people slept in his classes."
A complex non-union sentence also requires a colon if its first part contains the verbs “see”, “hear”, “feel”, “know”, etc., warning the reader that some description or presentation of some or a fact. For example: "I know we can't be together." But with the missing intonation of the warning, a comma can be put instead of a colon.
In the second part of a complex non-union sentence, the reason may be indicated, the reason for what is said at the beginning, and in this case a colon is also required (you can insert “because”, “because”): “The barrier at the railway crossing was lowered: from station was a train. Also, the second part can be a direct question: “I walked through the forest and thought: why do I live? what was I born for?
After a long mountain hike, the tourists felt very tired: everyone was drawn to sleep, they did not even remember dinner.
2) the generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence
7. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, on
In the lower floor (1) under the balcony (2) the windows (3) were probably (4) open (5) because they were clearly heard female voices and laughter.
3) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
8. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, on
Which place in the sentence should be commas?
But no matter how beautiful the bridges (1) they (2) are just (3) bridges, and under them were the green meadows of Scotland (4) light bluish hills (5) and their changeable (6) fragile beauty (7) seemed ( 8) more eternal(9) than iron or concrete.
1) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9
2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
3) 1, 4, 5, 6, 9
4) 1, 6, 7, 8, 9
9. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, on
Which place in the sentence should be commas?
Human thinking (1) provides the ability to respond correctly to a new situation (2) for the resolution (3) of which (4) there is no ready-made recipe.
10. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, on
Which place in the sentence should be commas?
Pushkin loved to travel (1) and (2) if he complained in verse about road boredom (3) then it was a “poetic complaint” (4) which had nothing to do with the living pleasure that accompanied the poet on the way.
In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by a participial phrase?
1) At that time, I looked like a rejected lover who, with the stubbornness of a maniac, sends flowers to the lady of the heart.
2) At nine o'clock in the evening, a deserted street, which went downhill, was visible from end to end.
3) Moscow lived through its difficult and tiring winter, for which the Ivanteev family was not ready.
4) This house had the comfort that they had been creating for so long.
In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by a participial phrase?
2) I have lived a life full of interesting encounters.
3) But there are those distant lands in the world that migratory birds so strive for!
4) The bitter smell of wormwood, which mixed with the delicate aroma of flowers, was poured into the morning air.
Rewrite, add missing punctuation marks
I desperately rushed forward as if I suddenly guessed where I should go, rounded the hillock and found myself in a shallow, plowed hollow all around. I finally made sure that I was completely lost, and without even trying to recognize the surrounding places, almost completely drowned in the mist, I went at random. It seemed that I had never been in such deserted places in my life, not a light was seen anywhere, not a sound was heard. I was about to lie down somewhere until the morning when I suddenly found out where I went(I. S. Turgenev).
Homework
Rewrite the sentences and describe them. Place punctuation marks, graphically explain the reason for their statement
1. Shiny droplets crawled down his cheeks, which are on the windows during the rain.
2. Makar felt that someone pushed him with his foot.
3. When you walk down the street, the snow plays on the sides and sprinkles with sharp sparks.
4. It blew cool and last year's snow rustled in the oaks.
5. The summer turned out to be gray and cold, the trees were wet.
6. If a traveler walks along the bottom of a mountain river, he sees mountains from all sides.
7. I had to stop to put things in order.
8. I am the one whose gaze destroys hope.
9. Vladimir saw with horror that he drove into an unfamiliar forest.
10. But no matter how much Sasha thought, nothing came to his mind.
11. Linden trees grew near the fences, now casting a wide shadow in the moonlight, so that the fences and gates on one side were completely buried in darkness.
12. If the Earth stopped rotating around its axis, then the change of day and night would stop.
13. Suddenly, where the surf throws its white fountains, an eagle rose.
14. Soon the holidays will begin, which makes us especially happy.
15. The development of the audit business has led to the creation of the largest transnational audit firms that have their branches and representative offices in many countries of the world.
16. He moved to our school temporarily because his mother was admitted to the hospital.
17. The mother saw with burning jealousy that the evening impressions possessed the child even during the next day, that he did not even respond to her caresses with the same indifference.
18. The unexpected and too early death of Pushkin struck with bitterness all who loved Russian literature in any way, which lost the greatest of all the writers that ever appeared in it.
control test
Decide if you need punctuation marks in places marked with ∆. Write a positive answer as A and a negative answer as B.
Cases of setting a comma
Simple sentence
1. The pride of the national sport ∆ Alpine skiing team ∆ returned from international competitions as a winner.
2. Due to severe frosts ∆, the heating system failed in many cities and towns of Primorye.
4. The air still smoked with light ∆ thick ∆ like lime dust.
5. I take you with me ∆ as a witness.
6. It was none other than the owner of the flophouse.
7. Hello ∆ sun ∆ yes, happy morning!
Participle and participle turnovers
7. The stunned ∆ mother kept looking at Rybin.
8. But, betrayed and abandoned, almost unarmed ∆ he was still terrible.
9. The March sun was dazzlingly bright, and, looking at the sky from the window of the second floor ∆, she easily imagined that it was already the height of summer.
10. Having closed the safe and jumped out into the street through the pass office, he immediately headed for the subway.
11. New employee - a young specialist ∆ who does not want to turn a blind eye to obvious violations.
12. Vitaly Vasilievich Saynov laid out in front of him copies ∆ of the documents left for him on the table.
13. Shuddering from torment, a lightning bolt ran over the world.
Introductory words and suggestions
16. He was tall and slender, athletically fit, although in appearance he was perhaps ∆ the same age as Kabanov.
17. “If after that they agree to our conditions, perhaps ∆ sable coats for them,” the king ordered.
18. Kabanov was nervous. Guest ∆, on the contrary, did not express the slightest sign of anxiety.
19. Pyotr Ilyich, who was sitting opposite, was talking animatedly about something with the baroness, who had come from her estate to visit.
20. According to scout ∆, the main headquarters of the enemy was in the nearest village.
Compound sentence
21. Platonov's mood was gloomy ∆ and he did not immediately react to the boss's remark.
22. They entered the apartment ∆ and the hallway was immediately filled with cheerful voices.
23. In such a storm, the wolf does not prowl ∆ and the bear does not crawl out of the lair.
24. Heaps of mosquitoes ∆ stood low above the ground, and lapwings wept plaintively in the wastelands.
25. Here the colors are not bright and the sounds are not sharp.
26. The administrator asked not later than three hours to inform ∆ whether it is necessary to invite musicians.
27. Her head cleared up a little, at least she had a fairly clear idea of ∆ in which direction to move on.
28. The principle by which Kira selected her home library ∆ remained unclear to him.
29. Igor quietly left the apartment ∆, the door of which, as it seemed to him, was never locked at all.
30. It is felt that this person knows a lot and ∆ that he has his own measure of people.
Dash cases
31. Language ∆ is one of the most important and most ancient social phenomena.
32. They plow arable land ∆ do not wave their hands.
33. He ∆ a famous person in the business circles of St. Petersburg.
34. In the streets, squares, in parks and squares - in a word, revival reigned everywhere.
35. All this: sounds and smells, clouds and people ∆ was strange, beautiful and sad.
Cases of setting a colon
36. Everyone regarded Nagulnov's behavior differently - some approved, others condemned, some kept quiet.
37. Platonov asked ∆ “What do you have?”
38. Neither a haystack, nor a pillar, nor a fence - nothing ∆ was visible.
39. Happiness was all ∆ the car on which they rushed, yellow birches, smoke from the pipes, fragments of songs that flew from the front car.
40. The general turned to Nastya and looked at her with yellow eyes, which this time radiated awkwardness and a request to forgive ∆ for such a blasphemous assumption.
