Social science is a subject that requires knowledge in the field of economics, philosophy, politics. It is realistic to prepare yourself in 2-3 months. The main thing is to correctly allocate time and solve tests.

First part KIM in social studies in 2020 - the student needs to answer 20 questions. The answer should be short. 2-3 answers may be correct. In this work, you need to be able to analyze tables, diagrams, diagrams, search for the necessary information, systematize knowledge.

In the second part you need to give a detailed answer. Here you need to answer the conditions of a specific task. It is important to be able to work with the text, formulate an opinion and give arguments. When answering a question, you need to make a detailed plan.

Working with an essay You need to choose one of five topics. Topics are statements of figures of science, culture, politics. Each topic is related to the science block of the course. A student can reveal it in the context of one science or several. Here it is important to study theoretical positions, formulate arguments, give specific examples.

1. Correctly allocate time for preparation.
2. Before answering, please read the assignment to the end.
3. Learn basic terms, definitions.
4. Solve KIMs and identify places where difficulties arise.
5. First complete the simple tasks, then move on to those where difficulties arise.
6. For preparation, use diagrams, tables, manuals, textbooks.
7. Carefully study diagrams, tables, information blocks, and only then proceed to the tasks.
8. In the second part, answer the questions clearly. Check wording.
9. In the essay, use the knowledge of the course and prove the point of view.
10. It is better to start preparing early, because at the last moment everything will get confused in your head, and this will affect low scores.

Not a single textbook will fully reveal all the questions of the course. It is advisable to study 2-3 textbooks.

Reading, memory, and the ability to correctly express one's thoughts will help to pass the exam well. With the right approach, you can prepare in two to three months.

What errors occur in the exam?

In tasks with a detailed answer, you need to write 2 examples of functions, principles from the text. Students copy a piece of text on the form instead of briefly answering the question. The verifier will not search for the necessary phrases and the points will not be counted. You need to write structured and put the numbering.

In the task where you need to name the species and give examples, also must be answered concisely so that the inspectors understand what to relate to.

Schoolchildren use materials with ready-made plans, but encyclopedic knowledge is not required. Memorizing perfect essays will not bring any additional points.

It is impossible to know by heart this or that material. The main thing in the preparation process is to get acquainted with the theory and learn how to bring arguments for your position. When compiling a detailed answer, you need to show how the student understood the idea, justify it and give an example. To easily cope with writing the exam, you need to practice this at least ten times.

Often mistakes are made through carelessness. Where you need to write one word, students write sentences. When performing KIMs, it is important to carefully read the task and do what is required. Additional work will not bring additional points on the exam.

You need to prepare only according to the textbooks of new editions, as the information becomes outdated. When answering questions, you need to use simple language and do not write abstruse phrases. A graduate may lose a point if he focuses on building a complex sentence, rather than a correct one. Terms should be used where necessary.

What to use for preparation?

1. We advise you to pick up several textbooks, for example, the textbook "Foxford" and Bogolyubova. These manuals have all the theory that will be required for the exam.
2. Demos. Plans can be written by codifiers on the FIPI website. They are very similar to what will be on the exam. All tasks from the demo version need to be solved. To expand your vocabulary, you need to read, for example, political and economic news. If there are unfamiliar terms, you need to find their meaning in the explanatory dictionary.
3. The most difficult topic for students is politics. This section needs more time. You can make a table, draw a diagram, come up with an association in order to better remember information.
4. Needed in class listen carefully to the teacher, read through the entire material with a pencil in hand. It's better to ask questions and not memorize exactly the answers.

When completing tasks, you do not need to jump. Some of the questions may seem familiar, but you still need to finish reading them. It is useful to study the material and then discuss it in class or with the children. In the process of familiarization, many questions should arise and do not be shy to ask.

Incomprehensible terms are best looked at immediately in the explanatory dictionary. Written answers should be written clearly, written in plain language and abstruse phrases should not be used.

Before giving answers, think again, return to the question, understand what structure to formulate information. If some data is not remembered, come up with an association.

Online self-study gives excellent results during the exam - this is claimed by those who in previous years passed social studies with 80-100 points without the participation of tutors. It's not about changing the structure of the exam, but about the strength of knowledge.

Thursday, June 22, 2017

The Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science has summed up the preliminary results of the USE 2017 in social science, literature and physics.

About 318,000 participants passed the USE in social science during the main period, more than 155,000 participants took the USE in physics, and more than 41,000 participants took the USE in literature. The average scores in all three subjects in 2017 are comparable to the results of the previous year.

The number of USE participants who failed to overcome the established minimum threshold in subjects decreased: in social science to 13.8% from 17.5% last year, in physics - to 3.8% from 6.1%, in literature - to 2 .9% from 4.4% a year earlier.

“The average scores are comparable to the results of the previous year, which indicates the stability of the exam and the objectivity of the assessment. It is important that the number of those who have not overcome the minimum thresholds is decreasing. This is largely due to competent work with the results of the USE, when they are analyzed and used in the work of institutes for advanced training of teachers. In a number of regions, the project “I will pass the Unified State Examination” gave very serious results,” said Sergey Kravtsov, head of Rosobrnadzor.

Thanks to the use of technology for scanning participants' works at the examination points, the results of the USE in social science, literature and physics were processed ahead of the deadlines set by the schedule for issuing results. Graduates will be able to find out their result a day earlier.

Sunday, February 5, 2017

Social science is not a compulsory subject for the Unified State Examination, although it is included in the list of those disciplines that students take in the final exam. According to statistics from the Ministry of Education, almost half of all graduates choose the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2017 - due to the fact that studying social science is quite easy.

However, the last few years have also shown more sad statistics: approximately one in five students (about 20% of the total number of those who passed) do not score the required number of points in the exam. Such depressing figures were published in the Rosobrnadzor report for 2016. The students themselves, teachers, experts complain about the complexity of tasks, saying that the exam has become much more difficult. The department called the Unified State Examination in social studies the most difficult exam for students, but at the same time, about 30% of the total number of those who took it were “excellent” and “good” students who scored a high score.

USE in social studies 2017: changes and innovations

A few years ago, the Ministry of Education announced upcoming changes in the structure and form of the Unified State Examination. It was decided to remove the test part from all exams, that is, the section where it was necessary to choose one correct answer out of four offered. According to both representatives of the ministry and the teachers themselves, the test answers give too much scope for guessing.

Among the subjects that have already undergone reformation is social science. The first, test part was replaced with a section with short answers. At the same time, several of the proposed answers may be correct at once.

However, these changes - in relation to the test part - took place in 2015. What innovations can we expect in 2017?

According to the current legislation, all possible innovations must be brought to the attention of interested parties before the start of the academic year. By September 1, FIPI had not published any major news regarding the 2017 social studies exam. Therefore, at the end of the 2016-2017 academic year, there will be no significant changes, the exam will be held according to the usual scheme tested in 2016.

Structure of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2017

The social studies exam in 2017 will be divided into two large main parts.

The first part is to test general knowledge; Includes 20 tasks for which you need to give a short answer. It looks like this:

• job number;
• task text;
• answer options, and for one question it will be possible to select several answers at once.

The second part is to test in-depth knowledge; consists of 9 tasks, which imply a detailed, complete answer. The part looks like this:

• at the beginning of the second section there is a thematic text covering one of the aspects of public life;
• job number;
• the text of the task - questions from 21 to 24 contain tasks according to the text above;
• tasks 25-27 contain questions that require an extensive answer;
• tasks 28-29 contain the requirements to write a mini essay or essay.

Criteria for evaluation

The first part - with short answers - can give the answerer one point for each correct answer. Estimates for the second, expanded, part are subject to a more complex system:

• Questions 21-22 are worth 2 points.
• Questions 23-28 can earn a maximum of 3 points.
• Question 29 can add as many as five points to the total score - subject to the correct answer, of course.

The maximum possible number of points is 62, the threshold value is 19 points, that is, in order to get a “pass” mark in social studies, you must score at least 19 points.

Translated into the usual five-point rating system, they look like this:

• From 0 to 18 points - deuce
• From 19 to 30 points - three
• From 31 to 42 points - four
• From 43 to 62 points - five.

USE Schedule in Social Studies

• Early stage - March 24 (reserve day April 5)
• Main stage - June 5 (reserve day June 20 and June 30 reserve for all items)

And for those who, for objective reasons, will not be able to pass the exam at the allotted time, in September the department allocates one more extra day; the exact number will appear in the final version of the USE schedule.

The Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science has begun publishing video consultations on preparing for the Unified State Examination in 2017 on its Youtube channel.

In a series of 11 video lectures, the leaders of the federal commissions for the development of control and measuring materials for the USE talk about the features and content of exams in each of the subjects, changes in 2017, give recommendations on preparing for the USE and answer questions from graduates.

Participants of the USE 2016, who received high scores in the exams, also share their tips on how to successfully prepare and pass the exams.

“Qualified advice and explanations from the developers of exam materials for the USE will help graduates from any corner of our country to better prepare for exams, understand the content and features of the upcoming graduation tests, and teachers to better organize work in preparation for the USE,” said Sergey Kravtsov, head of Rosobrnadzor.

The graduates who took part in the filming and had the opportunity to communicate directly with the developers of the USE assignments, appreciated the usefulness of such an experience.

“For me, as for a person who decided to connect his life with chemistry, the meeting with the developer of the KIM Unified State Examination turned out to be very timely and useful, because very soon I will have an important, one might say fateful test - an exam in chemistry! Changes in the Unified State Examination in Chemistry, the correct design of detailed answers to tasks of an advanced level - these are the questions on which I received invaluable, in my opinion, first-hand information, ”said Vlada Zikeeva, a graduate.

“It was especially useful for preparing for the exam to listen to the analysis of errors. I made a conclusion for myself: you need to accustom yourself to self-control, to logical thinking, to analyzing the physical content of tasks in order not to receive absurd answers, ”Polina Nikitina, who participated in the filming of a video lecture on the Unified State Examination in physics, shared her impressions.

Video consultations on all USE subjects will be released during January 2017. The published materials will also be available on the official information portal of the exam.

Preliminary work before the start of training

How and why will you achieve high results?

If you are currently studying in the 10th or 11th grade, then you probably have a question: why in 32 classes in the courses you can get more than 80 USE points, if this was not done at school in 3 years (for more than 150 hours of studying the subject) ?

The thing is that the result in the subject is more dependent on the desire to study and do homework. Despite the fact that everyone knows about it, no one works on the desire to learn, in particular on the motivation to do homework.

We are holding pre-school events for students in grades 8-11 to set the mood seriously and create a positive attitude towards learning.

Definition of entry level in exam format

It is impossible to move somewhere without determining the initial position. The forthcoming amount of work depends on the result of the entrance testing.

Setting goals for the academic year. We do not prepare for the exam, we prepare for the exam for a certain score. This means that the plan and intensity of training depends on your goals. The load in case the goal is 70 points is very different from the load in the case when the goal is 90 points.

We have created the best video preparation course for the Unified State Examination and the OGE.

Working on time management.

The biggest mistake of students is that they incorrectly distribute their working time, rest, viewing social media. networks or YouTube. Of course, we will not demand to abandon the usual things, for example, social. networks. We will simply tell you how to use them correctly so as not to get tired, so that you have the strength and time to study, how not to be lazy and not put off everything for later.

Work on concentration.

There are some very simple ways to study or work much more effectively, which we will share with students. For example, one of them is the "pomodoro method", the essence of which is that the student is engaged in one task and is not distracted by other things under any circumstances for 25 minutes. It's not difficult, but it brings great results.

No lectures and maximum emphasis on the result in points!

Our center has 8 key rules that allow us to make lessons much more effective even for individual lessons.

Distribution of students into groups according to the level of knowledge

Dividing into groups according to the level of initial training makes classes as effective as individual lessons with a tutor. Without such a distribution, group sessions may be of low effectiveness. In order to achieve high scores, we usually divide students into 3 categories:

Entry level groups (<35 баллов ЕГЭ)

In such groups, the topics of grades 5-9 are first studied to form a knowledge base. Only after this, targeted preparation for the exam and the exam begins. Goal - 65+ points

Middle level groups (35-65 USE scores)

The main task of the teacher is to identify the weak points of the student. After that, you need to repeat the theory of the previous classes. Only after that you can proceed to a detailed analysis of parts 1 and 2 of the tasks of the exam or the exam. Goal - 85+ points

Strong level groups (65+ USE points)

In groups of this level, students know the material of the school curriculum well, so most of the time is devoted to the analysis of complex problems and part 2. Goal - 95+ points

Purpose of the course

What is the most important thing when preparing students for courses? There are many different answers to this question:
- Lessons should be interesting
- All topics must be completed
- The lessons should be enjoyable for the students
- The material should be presented in a simple and understandable way.

All these answers, strictly speaking, are incorrect, since only one thing is important in the end - the result in the next exam. We can achieve the highest possible result using one of the above items or all at once - it does not matter. The main thing is that we choose the shortest path. Exam scores are the highest priority for us. Therefore, the program, the format of communication, methodological support - everything is aimed exclusively at the result. This is the only way to make a breakthrough of 40-50 points.

The purpose of the lesson

But it is impossible to prepare for such an exam in one spurt. We go through a certain topic in class, but the result of the lesson is expressed only in the ability to solve specific tasks from the exam. That is, each lesson you will learn how to solve certain problems from the exam. The purpose of the lesson is written in the upper right corner of the board. This allows all students to know what they will learn at the end of the lesson.

When working according to this scheme, progress will be noticeable after each lesson!

Work on the topic until all students learn to solve the task without errors.

Probably the biggest mistake of many tutors and courses is to follow the program and not pay much attention to the performance of the group or a particular student. But this scheme is losing, because if a student can theoretically lose points in a topic, then he will lose them. There is no task to complete the entire program! The goal is to get the maximum score. An example in favor of this reasoning is the school. All topics are covered at school, but can students of even a profile class solve any problem from the Unified State Examination? And they can’t just because of gaps in knowledge and inability to solve problems of a certain format. We will completely close these gaps.

The principle of high expectations for entry-level students.

The hardest students have always been those who, for some reason, fail to progress quickly in a subject. The idea of ​​working with such students is to achieve COMPLETELY correct answers, including difficult questions that require detailed reasoning. In any case, we always achieve a 100% correct answer without any concessions and discounts for a weak level of knowledge of the subject.

No lectures! The format of constant communication, questions or reasoning.

If the teacher gives a lecture, it is very easy to get distracted by your problems and affairs. Our principle of work involves communication with students. In case the topic is new, then this is:
- Or a series of simple questions to each student on the knowledge of the program of the school course.
- Or a request to repeat the material just passed after the teacher.
For the topic covered, a question-answer is used in a random order of all the students in the group. The random order makes it impossible to guess who will be next, so the whole group is focused and ready to answer questions.

Change the pace of the lesson every 15 minutes

It is very difficult for students to concentrate on one task for a long time. Therefore, every 15 minutes the format of the lesson (the pace of the lesson) changes. Example lesson:
- Greeting, discussion of general topics (5 minutes before the lesson)
- Discussion of the previous DZ
- Questions on remote sensing
- Test at the beginning of the lesson in the ECT format (Unified Testing System) to test knowledge on previous topics
— Discussion of the test
- Discussion of the purpose of the lesson, tasks of the exam on the current topic
— Passage of a new topic in the format of questions and discussions
- Completing assignments on a new topic in writing
- Completion of tasks orally
- Creative part of the lesson at the discretion of the teacher (10 minutes)
- Fixing a new topic
- Test to check the purpose of the lesson
- New homework

The course program takes into account all changes in the USE 2020 and is approved by the Department of Education.

Annual update of the course program

We are adjusting the program according to the FIPI project in August and the official changes in the demo version in the Unified State Examination and the OGE for 2019 in September.

The course program is approved by the Department of Education

Practice block after each completed subtopic in exam format

The topic is considered passed not when the students “know” it or can tell it, but when they solve all the tasks from the exam on this topic. Only after ALL students successfully solve this block of tasks from the USE, the group moves on to a new topic. So for the course all the problems from the exam are solved.

Bulky homework

The strongest leverage that allows you to make a super result is homework done 100%. All the necessary theory is passed in the class and the numbers from the exam are solved. Material for fixing is given to the house. The average volume of d / s is 30-40 tasks from the first part of the exam. The task takes 2-3 hours to complete. When the student completes all 40 tasks without errors, the material is considered passed. If the student did not do this, then we conclude that there may be errors in the exam. The task of the teachers of the Hodograph center is to achieve the full fulfillment of d / z. In this case, the breakthrough will be fast and guaranteed.

Cyclic repetition of material throughout the course

No one can accurately calculate how many points students lose due to the fact that they simply do not remember how to complete this or that task. The system of cyclic repetitions consists in the fact that every fourth lesson there is a test to repeat the material that has been covered for a long time. In April and May, we spend time reviewing each lesson. Thus, we gradually increase the speed of work and train the ability not to make mistakes in tasks.

Work on the formal points of the exam

We teach not only the subject, but also how to take this subject: what tricks are there in questions, how to read assignments, how to check answers, how to fill out forms, etc.

We are grateful that you are carefully studying our site, so we want to give you a gift:
How not to lose points on the exam
- How not to lose points on the OGE
Just download the documents.

I passed the society 3 years ago, and then I prepared not for 3 days, but for almost a year. But now, at the university, I often prepare for absolutely new subjects and in 1 day :) So I’ll help you somehow. From your question, I did not understand if you know something, or if you see an object for the first time. Imagine option 2 :)

Try to plan your 3 days.

Day 1. Take a good reference book for the exam, such as Baranov (it was considered the most complete and concise, which means the most useful in 2013), scroll through, understand what the subject includes. If you read quickly, then read everything, you will overcome 400 pages in a day with breaks. If slowly, it is better to read selectively, those topics that you do not know at all, where life experience will not help. Take it easy, read thoughtfully, but don't get hung up too much.

Day 2. Take KIMs and manuals for solving part C. Understand the rules for completing assignments. This is important at the Unified State Examination, they will check you clearly according to the criteria, do not take precious points from yourself simply because you are not familiar with them (do not sue points for such mistakes on appeal). See how to fill out the forms correctly, for what exactly they will give points in part C. Once you figure it out, go to the tasks themselves. It is advisable to find somewhere a couple of completely solved KIMs (in 2013 this could be done at the ReshuEGE) and see how to complete the tasks correctly. Of course, first you try to solve it yourself, and then immediately look back and fix the errors.

I want to note right away that this will not help much in tests: you either know or try to guess. But for part C, this will give you some preparation. NEVER refuse to solve part C! Society is the subject on which this can and should be done. As already mentioned, you know about many things at least by virtue of life experience, and the written part gives you a chance to open up, this is not a test with one correct answer, and here you can get points without even having super knowledge of the subject. This is especially true of the essay, for which in my time they gave as many as 5 primary points (!). Do not forget to read a couple of examples of successful essays, remember the cliches (this is what you need for the exam, it’s better to be original later, the inspectors may not understand).

Day 3. You shouldn't overexert yourself. If you have the strength, spend a couple of hours and walk through the most controversial places, repeat what didn’t work out at all. And if it seems that there is too much of this, then it is better to relax, rest and gain strength before the exam. Do your best to get enough sleep before him, don't let insomnia torment you :)

Good luck! You will succeed! To prepare in 3 days is absolutely real, the main thing is to believe in yourself :)

Secondary general education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Social Studies

USE in social studies: we analyze tasks with a teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the Unified State Examination in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting the tasks gives a good effect when doing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is removed, brain activity is directed to the analysis of materials, and the graduate is included in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for the performance of the work.

As materials for work, we use the version of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies in 2017 (early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task number 1

Write down the missing word in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When performing task number 1, you need to carefully look at the name of the table. In our case, the table is called Factors of Production and Factor Income. One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial ability) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with the knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial ability, information - profit. The table shows factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a factor of production as Earth. The correct answer is earth. When preparing, it is important for the student to know the full characteristics of all factors of production.

Task number 2

In the row below, find the concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts presented. write it down word (phrase).

State shape, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). In our version, the following are presented: the form of the state, as device the political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is also a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the way the organization and structure of the state); form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies of state power and the order of their formation, as well as by their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; A republic is a form of government. For my students, I always strongly recommend that, in a draft, as soon as they begin to complete tasks related to the topic "Politics", draw a diagram:

This is important because a typical mistake that graduates make when conducting trial exams is related to mixing concepts. And when the scheme is in front of your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the scheme, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for everyone else here will be the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The remaining concepts reflect these or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part of forms of the state and the republic, as one of the types of form of government.

Correct Answer: State.

Task number 3

Below is a list of features. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. the complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of authors to embody their own ideas;
3. entertaining character;
4. strong commercial focus;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. requirement for special training to understand.

Find two characteristics that “drop out” of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When performing task number 3, we pay attention to the concept in question. In this case, it is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is considered in the topic "The spiritual sphere of society." The generic concept is "Culture". In our case, the question is in the plane of varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of an elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement for special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready for the perception of Schnittke's musical works, the analysis of Kafka's highly intellectual literary works? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared for the perception of complex works. Elite culture is not looking for commercial gain, it is important for authors to express themselves and search for new forms in art.

Two characteristics left out of our attention: entertainment and a pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics of mass culture. Therefore, in this case, we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task number 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Society is a constantly developing dynamic system.
2. Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to obsolete structures and relationships.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world isolated from nature, but connected with it, including ways of interaction and forms of unification of people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 4, we must find judgments about society and public institutions. Here one cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: “society” in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; "social institution", as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main areas of society.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social science.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from the lowest to the highest. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to obsolete structures and relationships, which are the qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of "society" in a broad sense, and therefore is true. It lacks "consisting of individuals with consciousness and will."

The fourth proposition is correct. In the course of socialization, a person learns the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions set patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth proposition is not correct. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is practically impossible to apply the concepts of a “closed system” that does not interact with the external environment to society. No special evidence is needed here. It suffices to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of "a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it."

Thus, the following statements will be correct: 1, 3, 4.

Thematic planning in social studies

Task number 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task number 5 refers to the topic "Activities". Types (forms of activity) are considered: game, teaching, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). The imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - to work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Focus on acquiring new knowledge and skills - to learning (IN 3). And none of the types (forms) of activity can do without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on the exchange of information reflect the essence of communication. (G 1, D 1). Just remember that in the process of communication people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

With the seeming ease of tasks, it is important not to rush, to conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of concepts.

Task number 6

Students conducted a study of the motives of the educational activities of primary school students. Find in the list below the methods they used that correspond to the empirical level of scientific knowledge. write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. promotion and substantiation of hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixing generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object under study

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 6, they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. We immediately mentally turn to the generic concept - “science”, recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and spread the methods related to each level. Remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects under study, in contrast to the theoretical level, aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

So we found the right answers: 1, 4, 6

Task number 7

Choose the correct judgments about economic systems and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Private property is the basis of a command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main issues of the economy are decided by central government agencies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The stimulus for the activity of enterprises in a market system is profit.
5. The characteristics of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 7 aims us at the knowledge of the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems is the basic knowledge of a graduate who wants to get a high score on the exam.

So let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of the economic system. We are told in the judgment that the command economy. This is not true, also because the command economy is dominated by state ownership, as well as the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. So the second statement is also wrong. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task number 8

Establish a correspondence between examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each item given in the first column, select the appropriate item from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 8 is related to the financial literacy of the graduate, namely, knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The task defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish between types of taxes by levels:

Thus, in our task, we again apply the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, C 1, D 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of the social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific ideas, the authors reveal the features of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the foundations of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task number 9

Firm Y is a tailoring studio for wedding dresses. Find examples of firm Y's short run variable costs in the list below and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. interest expense on a previously taken loan
2. expenses for the purchase of fabrics, threads, accessories
3. cost of paying piecework wages to employees
4. studio space rent
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 9 requires knowledge of the topic "Firm" and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profits. The assignment should clearly state the company's variable costs in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete the task without error, it is also necessary to remember that variable costs change when the volume of production changes.

A firm's credit history will always be a fixed cost, so the first option is not correct. But the acquisition of fabrics, threads, accessories refers to consumables, which means to variable costs, as well as payment of piecework wages to employees, in contrast to salaries, which are fixed costs of the company. Rent, insurance premiums are fixed costs of any company. And here is the payment consumed electricity (depending on the volume of work of the company) - will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social Studies. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in the educational and methodological complex in social science for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook deals with the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings "Think, compare, draw conclusions", "Check our knowledge", "Research, design, discuss, argue".

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the relevant market: the supply line S moved to a new position S 1 . (P- price; Q- number.)

Which of the following factors can cause such a change? write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. an increase in the cost of upholstery materials for chairs
2. increase in the wages of workers in enterprises that produce chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for the frame of chairs
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to understand what they are asking: about a change in the magnitude of demand or the magnitude of supply? In this case, the supply of chairs in the relevant market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that the supply has decreased. When completing the task, you need to remember that the change in supply is affected by the cost of production factors, technology, government tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first answer is that an increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs will just help to reduce the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in the wages of workers increases the cost of such a factor of production as labor, but at the same time lowers the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also increase supply. The answer is not correct. But the increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce supply. So, an increase in the cost of consumables, electricity tariffs, wages of workers will force the company to either reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 11

Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Horizontal mobility implies a transition to a social group located at a different level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. The personal qualities of a person act as a criterion for the social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the volume of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task No. 11, we proceed from the knowledge of the concepts of "social stratification" and "social mobility", the criteria for social stratification, and the types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility involves the transition from one social group to another, located on the same rung of the social ladder. Therefore, the first statement is not correct. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, unlike the third. The personal qualities of a person are not a criterion of social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct because sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the revolution of 1917, there was a shift in the position of social groups.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

In the course of sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “Which of the directions of the youth policy of the state do you consider the most important?”

The results of the surveys (in % of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram, and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. The share of those who note the importance of providing access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is smaller in country Z than in country Y.
2. Equal proportions of respondents in each country consider it necessary to carry out educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of providing access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of educational work.
4. In country Y, equal proportions of respondents point out the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and educational work with them as the most important areas.
5. The share of those who consider the provision of social support as the most important is larger in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 12, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important areas of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows the data for these countries. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each of the countries, the leading position was taken by the answer “provision of social support”. Further, in country Z, the position “carrying out educational work” was in second place, and the minimum position was occupied by the judgment “providing access to decision-making ...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were occupied by the judgments “providing access to decision-making ...” and “creating conditions for self-expression”. After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since the diagram data demonstrate this position. The second judgment is not correct, since there are more people in country Z who consider “carrying out educational work” important compared to country Y.

The third judgment is correct, and we saw this during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also true, we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally the same.

The fifth judgment is not true, this is clearly seen in the diagram. The figures show the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task number 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. The environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental security.
2. The fundamental feature of a state of any type is the implementation of the principle of separation of powers in it.
3. The state has the monopoly right to legally apply coercion by forces of law enforcement and security agencies.
4. The external functions of the state include determining the general direction of the economic policy of the state in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for the effective and high-quality activities of state bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 13, it is important to remember the concept of "state", its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a sign of the state as the exclusive right for lawmaking. Therefore, the judgment “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), form the basis of countries' environmental security" is correct. The second judgment is not true, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third proposition “the state has the monopoly right to legally apply coercion by the forces of law enforcement and security” in fact, sends us to the most important feature of the state - the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state "determining the general direction of the state's economic policy." The fifth judgment brought together two features of the state: law-making and a system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public authority (we are talking about state authorities). We read: "The state creates normative And institutional framework for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 14

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to which these issues relate: for each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

For the correct fulfillment of task No. 14, it is necessary to have a good knowledge of the fundamentals of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of power in the Russian Federation. To begin with, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the task. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the delimitation of powers are implemented, which is what we are asked about. Earlier, we saw the separation of powers when doing the task about taxes. You need to remember what is in the exclusive competence of the federal authorities: all issues of international relations, defense and security, judiciary, federal property, etc.

The first competence - issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources are jointly administered A 2. Those. it is a question on which the center and the subjects share responsibility in solving problems. So, it would be correct to attribute to the same position “implementation of measures to combat disasters” IN 2. Federal funds for regional development implement the fundamentals of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1. Positions D and E are within the exclusive competence of the federal authorities, therefore G 1, D 1.

Task number 15

In the democratic state Z, in the course of the reform of the electoral system of parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens from the age of 18, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, level of education, income
3. secret ballot procedure
4. single-member district voting
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes
6. the possibility of nominating independent non-partisan candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question number 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems, their reform, but about elections as a whole(topic "Political participation"). We need to remember the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first proposition is correct. The second judgment relates us to the principle of equality in suffrage, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct, one of the principles is also presented - secret ballot.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate districts sends us to the organization of the electoral process under the majoritarian system, as opposed to proportional, where the state acts as a single constituency. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majoritarian electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task number 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to government agencies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question number 16 again brings us back to the foundations of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our task asks about political rights, which ensure the participation of citizens in the exercise of political power. Therefore, holding meetings and rallies is correct, appealing to state bodies is correct, participating in the management of state affairs through one's representatives is correct. Payment of taxes and fees, protection of the Fatherland are among the constitutional duties of a citizen, as well as compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 17

Select the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. Marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased.
3. Marriage is concluded in the civil registry offices (ZAGS).
4. The legal regime of property of the spouses is established only by the marriage contract.
5. Parents are required to provide maintenance for their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment No. 17, we single out the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, as it refers us to Article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is a marriage concluded in the registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to mutual rights and obligations of spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little, it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse needs to come to the registry office to get a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, termination of marriage. In our task, it is formulated: the marriage is suspended as a result of the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options send us to the property rights and obligations of the spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the junction of constitutional obligations and family law: parents are obliged to provide maintenance for their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of property of the spouses is established only marriage contract. This is not true, because Not only marriage contract, but also the norms of family law, i.e. The legal regime of the property of the spouses is regulated by family law and established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 18

Establish a correspondence between examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Task number 18 is related to legal liability. When completing the assignment, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary sanction - A 2. The warning refers to the type of administrative punishment - B 3. Dismissal on relevant grounds (for example, absenteeism, a single gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure by an employee to perform labor duties, etc.) - IN 2. Notice - disciplinary action G 2. Deprivation of liberty - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task number 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery. Find in the above list the features of the difference between a joint-stock company and other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. write down numbers under which they are listed.

• division of the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is issued by a security
• obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• duty of employees to observe labor discipline
• distribution of profit among employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of loss within the value of the securities owned by the participant
• payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete task number 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight the distinctive features of a joint-stock company. We recall that joint-stock companies, like limited liability companies, are business companies. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activities is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants can be citizens, legal entities and public legal entities. Therefore, answer option 1 - "dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed by a security" will be correct. It is known that the shareholders are not liable for the obligations of the JSC, but they bear the risk of losses on the activities of the company within the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 - "carrying the risk of loss within the value of the securities owned by the participant" (share - security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 - "payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year." Judgments 2 and 3 - “mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees”, “duty of employees to observe labor discipline” refer to the general places of the Labor Law. But "the distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation" is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a "production cooperative" (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task number 20

Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

“A person who actively explores and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________ (A). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (C), cognizes and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________ (D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries _________ (E) for his choice.

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The table below lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

When completing task number 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and substitute the words yourself, in your opinion, suitable in meaning. Thus, a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, choose the words from the list. You will have a situation of success when your chosen words match those proposed from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then choose from those available in the task.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a person is formed - in society. What a person does - transforms the world and himself). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. (in this case, socially significant qualities are listed). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people, activities (B) cognizes and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, during which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the outside world). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process socialization (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized aspiration (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person's life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life).

Part 2

Read the text and do tasks 21-24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could receive by performing that work (and in that amount) which could be claimed...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in the demand for labor. A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs for a period until demand picks up again and business activity recovers. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labor. It affects those employed in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs, and those who are currently unemployed due to moving from one place to another, are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered an inevitable but still acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, employees will move from place to place.

Structural unemployed people find it difficult to get a job due to insufficient or no longer sufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment, the structural unemployed remain disproportionately unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing challenge, most survivors say they have experienced despair, powerlessness, and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for more than a few weeks. For most people, employment is the main, and often the only means of providing for material needs in food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Studies show that those who do not like their work still prefer to keep it even when it is possible to live on other incomes. Although working conditions can cause adverse effects, being out of work leads to no less problems: increased stress, family conflicts, addiction to alcohol and drugs.

(K.H. Brier)

Starting to complete tasks on the text 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen for maximum assimilation of the content. I do not recommend that my students immediately read the question and randomly, with a cursory reading, look for answers. As a rule, this practice leads to erroneous answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task number 21

How does the text indicate the impact of the recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, are affected by seasonal unemployment? (Indicate all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: “A downturn is a cyclical downturn in business that causes people to lose their jobs for a period until demand picks up again and business picks up.” Those. demand for labor fluctuates.

Task number 22

Task number 22 is also best done in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could receive by performing that work (and in that amount) for which I could apply…”

Suggest why some workers settle for part-time employment (make two suggestions). When completing this assignment, I recommend that students write down each assumption on a new line.

In our case, we can model the answer using text. We do not provide examples because it is not specified in the task.

Answer: employees agree to part-time employment, because it is important for a person to feel significant, necessary. Even part-time employment gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and makes it possible to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time employment, because in a crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social upheavals, and allows them to save their lifestyle.

Task number 23

The author notes that "even during periods of high employment among the structural unemployed, disproportionately high unemployment persists." Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author gives us the reasons for high unemployment among the structural unemployed: insufficiently high or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the assignment requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that from the course of social science we know that structural unemployment is associated with the impossibility of finding employment for people of certain professions and the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: A high level of structural unemployment, even during periods of high employment in the country, is usually associated with changes in production technologies and scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand on the labor market (examples are not required in the assignment, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to refer to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of wage labor.

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for employees to advance at work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and length of service in their specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
2. restrictions on labor rights or gaining benefits based on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership or non-membership of public associations are prohibited or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the business qualities of the employee.

As a guarantee of non-discrimination, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated in the sphere of work to apply to the court for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task number 24

Why, according to the author, unemployment causes a state of despair, confusion of a person? Using social science knowledge and the facts of public life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested.

Using social science knowledge and the facts of public life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person manifests itself (in this case, we must give examples, because the question sounds “facts of public life”).

1. Unemployment provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand on the labor market. Break in employment for retraining and education. Citizen N, after being registered with the Employment Center, was sent for professional training as an electric and gas welder.
2. Unemployment provides an opportunity for organizing self-employment. For example, after being fired from his main job at the closing of an enterprise in the city of Moscow, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Employment Center of the city of Moscow, where he received advice on starting a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task number 25

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "art"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of art, and one sentence revealing the essence of the educational function of art.

Task number 25 can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. The artistic image can be expressed in different types of art: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person's personality.

Task number 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main obligations of the employer, enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In task No. 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main obligations of the employer, enshrined in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of employees, training sessions were held on injury prevention,
2. Pay wages in full on time. For delaying the payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was held liable in the form of forcing employees to pay interest in addition to their salaries.
3. Provide compulsory social insurance for employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N was included in the section of the employer's obligations.

Task number 27

A new political party has been registered in State Z. It has central governing bodies and regional branches. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual. The political party during the elections won the required number of votes and received seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central governments and regional offices (sign, indicates a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating ideological affiliation is conservative);
• entered the parliament after the elections (participates in power - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion.

Answer: Because it upholds the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: In terms of ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: the inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task number 28

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Types of families”. Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. In fact, this task tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, the writing of the plan also depends on the quality of mastering the material of the topic, understanding its structure. In this case, the topic of the plan is "Types of families."

1. The concept of the family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (in this version of the plan, you may not specify)
3. Types of families by the nature of the relationship between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) male dominance;
   C) economic dependence of family members on a man;
   D) rigid distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) the economic independence of women;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (permissive)
4. Current trends in family development

Task 29

Select one from the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon).

When presenting your thoughts on the issue raised (marked topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge obtained during the study of the course of social science, corresponding concepts, as well as data social life and own life an experience.

(Give at least two examples from various sources as evidence.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live by the law of supply and demand; but justice is the law of the life of mankind.” (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. “The types of business are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets.” (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. "The supreme power is worthy of honor only insofar as it is a means of ensuring human rights." (A. Custin)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of law is a duty to society. He who defends his right defends the right in general. (R. Iering)

The task 29. 3. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly represent the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “bag of knowledge”, understand which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas, for which of the topics you can give the best examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we have chosen a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that the problem of the modern school, the education system is immediately raised. The eternal question: the tasks of education are training and education, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - “schools that educate the individual”. I note that we cannot go into the concept of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or to fulfill an equally important mission - the education of the individual?

As is known from the course of social science, education is a way of becoming a person by obtaining knowledge, acquiring skills and abilities, developing creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is the school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, principles of functioning, including a network of educational institutions and governments.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: lengthening the training period, increasing the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers, using the variability of educational programs, building individual educational trajectories for students, equipping schools with modern equipment, and introducing new forms of final certification.

As a result, we see how school graduates demonstrate high scores on the Unified State Examination, which make it possible to take state-funded places in the leading universities of the capital. According to the results of international research presented by the HSE, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy a leading position in the world in reading, mathematics and science. As well as 8th grade math. According to the researchers, this result was achieved due to the introduction of new educational standards, a system of unified state certification.

But is it enough only educational results for society and the individual? The author of the quote clearly points out to us the most important component of the educational process: the upbringing of a person's personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture in order to educate a person, develop his creative abilities that this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a school life rich in events: class hours, school festivals, trips, joint trips with classmates around Russia and to other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, shows his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that the social function of education is realized. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, one can cite the favorite film from childhood, "The Freak of 5 B", which vividly demonstrates how the school team, the class forms the personality of Bori. How does he learn responsibility when he is appointed counselor in grade 1.

Thus, V.V. Putin in his statement once again emphasized the importance of understanding by society and the school of the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual - education and upbringing.