Unified State Examination in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher. USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher Demo version in history
Total tasks (in brackets - including the criteria for evaluating the essay) - 25 (31); of them by type of task: with a short answer - 19; with a detailed answer - 6 (12); according to the level of complexity (including the criteria for evaluating the essay): B - 16; P - 8; AT 7.
The maximum primary score for a job is 55.
Changes in the structure of KIM USE 2017 in history compared to 2016:
There are no changes in structure and content. Changed maximum score for completing tasks 3 and 8 (2 points instead of 1). The wording of task 25 and the criteria for its evaluation have been improved.
The duration of the exam in history: 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination paper in history.
Estimated time to complete individual tasks is: - for each task of part 1 - 3-7 minutes; - for each task of part 2 (except task 25) - 5–20 minutes; − for task 25 – 40–80 minutes.
Additional materials and equipment: Additional materials and equipment are not used.
Evaluation system for the performance of individual tasks and the work as a whole A task with a short answer is considered to be completed correctly if the sequence of numbers, the required word (phrase) are correctly indicated.
A complete correct answer to tasks 1, 4, 10, 13–15, 18.19 is estimated at 1 point; incomplete, incorrect answer or its absence - 0 points.
A complete correct answer to tasks 2, 3, 5–9, 12, 16, 17 is estimated at 2 points; if one mistake is made (including one of the digits is missing or there is one extra digit), - 1 point; if two or more errors are made (including two or more digits are missing or there are two or more extra digits) or there is no answer, - 0 points.
A complete correct answer to task 11 is worth 3 points; if one mistake is made - 2 points; if two or three mistakes are made, - 1 point; if four or more mistakes are made or there is no answer, - 0 points.
Tasks of part 2 are evaluated depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer. For completing tasks 20, 21, 22, from 0 to 2 points are put; for task 23 - from 0 to 3 points; for task 24 - from 0 to 4 points; for task 25 - from 0 to 11 points. Task 25 is evaluated according to seven criteria.
In accordance with the procedure for conducting state final certification for educational programs of secondary general education(Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated December 26, 2013 No. 1400 was registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 3, 2014 No. 31205) "
Based on the results of the first and second checks, experts independently assign points for each answer to the tasks of the USE examination paper with a detailed answer ...
In the event of a significant discrepancy in the scores given by the two experts, a third test is scheduled. A significant discrepancy in scores is determined in the assessment criteria for the corresponding academic subject.
The expert who carries out the third check is provided with information about the scores given by the experts who previously checked the examination paper. If the discrepancy is 2 or more points for the performance of any of the tasks 20–24, then the third expert checks the answers only to those tasks (from tasks 20–24) that caused such a significant discrepancy.
If the discrepancy between the sums of points given by two experts for task 25 for all (seven) items of assessment of this task is 5 or more points, then the third expert gives points for all seven items of assessment for task 25.
Based on the results of the execution of all tasks, the work is determined primary scores, which are then translated into tests on a 100-point scale.
Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination
Secondary general education
Line UMK I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobueva. History (10-11) (U)
Atlases and contour maps. Russian history. Historical and cultural standard
Line UMK Kiseleva-Popov. History of Russia (10-11)
Analysis of the exam in the history of 2017
How to successfully pass the exam in history? Of course, any person will say that you need to know history well, that is, to know the basic historical facts, terms, remember dates, names of historical figures, understand the cause-and-effect relationships of events and phenomena, have a good idea of the culture of our country in different periods of its development. Many schoolchildren perceive history as an endless collection of names and dates, and those who choose history as an exam subject are perceived as "weirdos - nerds."
In this article, it is not my task to convince skeptics by telling and proving how interesting and fascinating the story is. I want to help those who decide to take the exam by showing the way of reasoning when solving various tasks, which will make the exam less "scary". In view of the fact that history is likely to become mandatory for passing the exam subject, the article will be useful to many students. So let's get started.
We have a demo version of the exam 2017, compiled by FIPI. It has 25 tasks, of which the first 19 require a short answer in the form of numbers or words, and the next 6 require a detailed answer.
How to pass the exam and the OGE for 100 points: the secrets of teachers- Write down the term you are talking about.
The main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina by Ivan IV.
As is known, the period from 1565 to 1572. in the reign of Ivan the Terrible they are called oprichnina. Regarding the essence and motives of the oprichnina, historians do not have an agreed position, but there is no description of it special problems. Gone in the winter 1564 from Moscow, the tsar finally announced the conditions for his return to the throne: unlimited power, including the right to judge the boyars, and the division of the country into an "oprichnina" under the control of the tsar and a "zemshchina" under the control of the Boyar Duma.
Answer: land.
- Establish a correspondence between processes (phenomena, events) and facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
In this task, we need to compare the fact and the process. It is better to start from the fact, but since there are fewer facts than processes, we will go from the opposite.
A) The formation and development of the legislation of the Old Russian state is associated with the adoption of the "Russian Truth" in 11th century Firstly, this is the first written set of laws in Russia (here is the formation), and, secondly, Old Russian state lasted until the beginning of fragmentation in 13th century, so the rest of the facts do not fit chronologically.
B) Reforms The chosen one is glad were held at the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible. One of the first innovations was the convening of the first Zemsky Sobor in 1549 called the Cathedral of Reconciliation.
C) The policy of "enlightened absolutism", that is, an unlimited monarchy, formally based on the rule of law and declaring the main goal of achieving the welfare of the subjects, is strongly associated with the reign of Catherine II. The convening of the Legislative Commission (got its name because it had to adopt a new "code", that is, a set of laws) took place in 1767 it was during the reign of Catherine II, who was sure that correct and modern laws would help rapid development countries.
D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were the decrees “On Peace” and “On Land”, adopted at the II Congress of Soviets in October 1917 after the overthrow of the Provisional Government. They allowed the Bolsheviks to gain broad popular support.
- Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.
FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
BUT) "The courtyards between which is enclosed Parisian treatise... together with other sovereigns and powers allied to them ... ordered their plenipotentiaries to draw up ... one main treatise and attach to it, as integral parts, all the other provisions of the congress. ... The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those regions and districts, which are assigned a different appointment in the following articles, forever joins the Russian Empire. By virtue of its constitution, it will be inseparable from Russia and in the possession of His Majesty the Emperor of All Russia, his heirs and successors for all eternity. His imperial majesty intends to grant, at his own discretion, the internal structure of this state, which has to be under a special government. His Majesty, in accordance with the custom and order existing in the discussion of his other titles, will add to them the title of Tsar (King) of Poland. “His royal majesty of Svea yields this for himself and his descendants and heirs of the Svei throne and the kingdom of Svei to his royal majesty and his descendants and heirs of the Russian state in perfect unconditional eternal confluence and property in this war, through his royal majesty the weapons from the crown of Svei conquered provinces : Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland and part of Karelia with the district of Vyborg fief. ... Against the same, his royal majesty promises in 4 weeks after the exchange of ratifications of this peace treaty, or before, if possible, to return to his royal majesty and the crown of Svea ... The Grand Duchy of Finland ... "
CHARACTERISTICS
1) This agreement was signed in Berlin.
2) Under this agreement, Russia received access to the Baltic Sea.
3) This agreement was signed in Vienna.
4) A.L. was a contemporary of the signing of this agreement. Ordin-Nashchokin.
5) This agreement was signed following the results of the Northern War.
6) In the territory annexed to Russia under this agreement, in the early 1830s. there was a massive uprising.
The first fragment is part of the addendum to the Treaty of Paris, which is what is mentioned in the text. The Treaty of Paris was concluded between the countries of the anti-French coalition and France in 1814 after the first abdication of Napoleon. After that, the victorious powers left for a congress in Vienna decide the fate of Europe. They returned France to the old, pre-revolutionary borders, redrawn the borders of Europe liberated from Napoleon. Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw, which did not want to accept becoming part of the Russian Empire and rebelled more than once. The first major uprising took place in 1830-1831 gg.
The second fragment is part of the Nystadt peace treaty concluded between Russia and Sweden after the end of Northern war in 1721. This can be understood by the mention of Livonia, Estonia and Ingermanland - the Baltic lands that became part of Russia, which thus received access to the Baltic Sea.
Answer: - Which of the following applies to the New Economic Policy (1921–1928)? Choose three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) approval of private ownership of land
2) the introduction of cost accounting at state enterprises
3) denationalization of heavy industry
4) the emergence of a credit and banking system and stock exchanges
5) the abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade
6) introduction of concessions
NEP - the new economic policy was adopted on X Congress of the RCP (b) in 1921 It was the time when the active and large-scale phase of the Civil War ended with the victory of the Reds. For the leader of the Bolsheviks V.I. Lenin, it became obvious that it was impossible to continue the mobilization policy of "war communism", which made it possible to supply the army and industry with resources during the war, but unacceptable for peacetime. It was necessary to move from forced labor and the official absence of commodity-money relations to normal economic relations. But Soviet government could not completely move away from the Marxist axioms in the economy: state ownership of land, large enterprises, state foreign trade monopoly, etc., so the changes were half-hearted. Self-financing was introduced at state enterprises, the credit and banking system, stock exchanges and concessions were recreated.
Answer: 246.
- Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want.
A) ______________ conference of the "Big Three" was held in 1943.
B) One of the first rams in a night air battle made Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.
C) During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle at ________________.
Missing items:
1) Yalta (Crimean)
2) N.F. Gastello
3) Prokhorovka station
4) Tehran
5) V.V. Talalikhin
6) Dubosekovo junction
It is difficult to suggest any logic for solving this task. Here you need to know the historical facts. Allied Conference anti-Hitler coalition in 1943 took place in Tehran(there is even a film "Tehran-43"). One of the first night rams was made by pilot V.V. Talalikhin did not die in it. Well, about the battle near the village of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk, it’s a sin for a school graduate not to know.
Answer: 453.
- Establish a correspondence between events and participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
This task also requires knowledge of historical facts, fortunately, they are quite well-known. The battle on the ice is strongly associated with Alexander Nevsky. One of the main Russian commanders at the beginning of the Livonian War was Andrei Kurbsky, who fled from the disgrace of Ivan the Terrible to Lithuania. The closest associate of Peter I A.D. participated in the Battle of Poltava. Menshikov, Wrangel's army in the Crimea was defeated by one of the most famous Red commanders, M. Frunze.
Answer: 4356.
- Read an excerpt from the memoirs and write the name of the author.
“I saw not only the uselessness, but also the harm of combining posts, and I even referred: “Imagine my situation, I criticized Stalin for combining in one person two such responsible posts in the state and in the party, and now I myself ...” I put this question on court of historians. My weakness had an effect, or maybe the inner worm was undermining me, weakening my resistance. Even before I became the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Bulganin made a proposal to appoint me as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Moreover, in the Presidium of the Central Committee, military issues, the army, weapons belonged to my diocese. This happened without publication in the press and was decided in a purely internal way, in case of war. Inside armed forces This was reported to the highest commanding staff.
The text must be read very carefully. Excerpts are chosen for a reason, they will definitely contain a “beacon”. AT this case we are talking about the post-Stalin period and a man who criticized Stalin, holding a very high position. Already a clear allusion to N.S. Khrushchev. Finally, we must be convinced by the title of the post he occupies - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Starting with L.I. Brezhnev, the head of the country was called the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
Answer: Khrushchev.
USE in social studies: analysis of tasks with a teacher - Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element.
Missing items:
1) the adoption of the US constitution
3) Civil War in England
4) ending Hundred Years War
5) annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire
8) the abolition of serfdom in Russia
9) speech by M. Luther with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany
In my opinion, this is one of the most difficult tasks. Knowledge of the dates is required not only domestic, but also foreign history. The only indulgence is that there are options to choose from and you just need to specify the century. 19th century in the history of Russia is, of course, the abolition of serfdom ( 1861 G.). Vladimir Monomakh ruled, practically, before the very fragmentation, and this is the XII century. ( 1113–1125). Annexation of Pskov ( 1510), along with Ryazan and Smolensk, to the Principality of Moscow in early XVI in. completed the process of forming a unified Russian state. Around the same time ( 1517.) in Germany, the priest Martin Luther published his "95 Theses", which was the beginning of the Reformation. And at the end of the XVIII century. ( 1783) Russian empire annexed the Crimea, and in the British colonies in North America after the revolution and liberation war the US constitution was adopted 1787).
Answer: 862951.
- Read an excerpt from the commander's telegram.
“Everyone was perfectly aware that, given the situation and the actual leadership and direction domestic policy irresponsible public organizations, as well as the enormous corrupting influence of these organizations on the mass of the army, it will not be possible to recreate the latter, but on the contrary, the army as such should fall apart in two or three months. And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be terrible for Russia. The government took half measures, which, without correcting anything, only prolonged the agony, and, saving the revolution, did not save Russia. Meanwhile, the gains of the revolution could be saved only by saving Russia, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to create a real strong government and improve the rear. General Kornilov presented a number of demands, the implementation of which was delayed. Under such conditions, General Kornilov, not
pursuing no personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the speedy creation of a strong government to save the Motherland, and with it the gains of the revolution, considered necessary more decisive measures that would ensure the establishment of order in the country ... "Using passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below.Record in a table numbers under which they are listed.
1) The events described in the telegram took place in 1916.
2) The government referred to in the telegram was called SNK.
5) The Bolsheviks supported the actions of General Kornilov.
6) The "decisive measures" of General Kornilov, which are indicated in the telegram, were not carried out.
A huge number of conclusions can be drawn from this large and capacious text, so it is better to act by elimination method, analyzing the proposed options.
1) – no, the described events took place in 1917 after the overthrow of the tsarist government, since the text refers to the management of politics by "irresponsible public organizations" (apparently, we are talking about the Provisional Government and the Soviets).
2) - no, SNK - the first Soviet government was created only in October 1917 at the Second Congress of Soviets, and judging by the text, at the time described, the "Kornilov rebellion" in August 1917 had not yet happened.
5) - no, the Bolsheviks did not support Kornilov, but opposed with all their might, since Kornilov directly threatened their existence.
6) - yes, the "decisive measures" of Kornilov, who was marching with troops on Petrograd, were not carried out. It was stopped by the combined forces of the Provisional Government and the Soviets.
Answer: 346.
Methodological assistance to a history teacher
- Write the name of the commander-in-chief who carried out the campaign indicated by arrows on the diagram.
Before studying a map, you need to carefully read its legend.
We see that the Russian principalities are singled out separately. So, we are talking about a period of specific fragmentation. Besieged cities are marked. We read their names on the map: Kolomna, Moscow, Suzdal, etc. We compare the data: who during the period of fragmentation massively besieged Russian cities? Mongols. Who was their leader? Batu.
Answer: Baty.
- Write the name of the city indicated by the number "1" on the diagram.
We know that during the first campaign of Batu to Russia, he defeated the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal Russia. The capital, the city of Vladimir, was taken by storm in 1238 It is he who is indicated by the number 1 on the map. The city of Suzdal, located not far from it in the north, also helps us to determine this.
Answer: Vladimir.
- Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by a number, where during the period of this campaign there was a republican form of government.
AT 13th century., and it was then that Batu's campaign took place, in almost all Russian principalities there was a monarchical form of government with minor differences. In Novgorod and Pskov, a republic was established, where the townspeople elected officials for themselves. The number 2 on the map marks Novgorod.
Answer: Novgorod.
- What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The conquerors invaded Russia in the winter.
2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors survived the siege for more than one week.
3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram.
4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded the borders of Russia from the southeast.
6) The military leader, whose campaign is indicated on the diagram, is the founder of the state.
Again work with judgments.
- - right, it was in the winter that the Mongols preferred to attack, since it was possible not to be afraid of mudslides and use the frozen rivers as roads.
- - incorrectly, Kozelsk withstood a 49-day siege, for which it was nicknamed the "evil city" by the Mughals.
- - incorrect, Batu did not even reach them. And besides, these cities belonged to Novgorod land, and Novgorod managed to pay off the defeat.
- - incorrect, fragmentation began more than 100 years before Batu's campaign.
- - right, it is from the southeast, which is clear from the map.
- - right, Batu founded the state Golden Horde, to which the Russian lands were subordinated.
Answer: 156.
- Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
Cultural issues are among the most difficult. Let's try to figure it out.
A) "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" was written by an unknown author, and for some time was considered a falsification. It describes the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsians in the 12th century.
B) "Domostroy" - a collection of teachings and housekeeping rules, written by the priest Sylvester for the education of the young Tsar Ivan the Terrible, based on Novgorod instructive texts.
C) The painting "Boyar Morozova" was painted by Surikov. Boyarynya Morozova - real historical figure, one of the leaders of the church schism of the 17th century.
D) The novel "Quiet Flows the Don" was written by Sholokhov, who received the Nobel Prize for it in 1966.
Answer: 4365.
Learning to work with atlases and contour maps in history
- What judgments about this brand are true? Choose two sentences from the five offered. Record in a table numbers
under which they are listed.
1) The military figure depicted on the stamp was subjected to repression.
2) The military figure depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.
3) The events depicted on the stamp by arrows took place during the First World War.
4) The military figure depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.
5) This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev.
In this task, it seems to me more convenient to find the right judgments without wasting time on analyzing all the proposed ones. On the stamp we see the image of Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was shot in 1937 The date is also on the stamp. 1963 relating to the reign of N.S. Khrushchev.
Answer: 15.
- Which of the presented coins are dedicated to the anniversaries of the events that took place during the life of the military figure depicted on the stamp? Write in your answer two digits
with which these coins are marked.
So, the first coin is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War in 1945. By this time, Tukhachevsky was dead. The second coin was issued in honor of the 170th anniversary of Russian railways. The road St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo was opened in 1837, when the executed marshal was not yet born. The third one marks the 100th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. The Parliament (State Duma) was opened in 1906. Tukhachevsky was repressed at the age of 40 years old, respectively, he found the Duma. The USSR was created in 1922, which also refers to the time of Tukhachevsky's life.
Answer: 34.
- Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. Indicate the name of the politician who was the leader of the country at the time when these events took place. Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR, when this political figure was the leader of the country.
This question again requires us to carefully read the text. The concepts mentioned in it, such as: “self-financing”, “Law on the state enterprise”, “cooperation”, “individual labor activity” and, most importantly, “perestroika”, allow us to determine the period - this 1980 - years. The state at that time was led by M.S. Gorbachev, and the period of his reign went down in history under the name "perestroika".
- What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? Specify any three directions.
We carefully read and see that the text mentions: 1) introduction of new methods of management, 2) education and health reforms, 3) expansion of housing construction.
- What is the outcome of the implementation of the Party's strategic course under consideration? Invoking historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to such a result.
Despite the optimistic spirit that permeated the resolution of the party conference, things in the USSR were not so rosy. Spasmodic and often ill-conceived attempts to reform the Soviet economy, which even the party resolution called "sliding into a crisis", did not bring success. The result was an acute economic and socio-political crisis, ended with the collapse of the USSR.
The causes of this large-scale, world-changing phenomenon are still being debated at various levels. This issue has a very strong political background. The attitude towards the collapse of the USSR is often the basis for the differences between modern political parties and movements. But we will try to be as objective and impartial as possible.
1) By the end of the 1980s, the Soviet planned economy had exhausted the resources for its development; it was unable to adequately respond to the changing economic situation and compete on equal terms with the market economies of developed countries.
2) Despite the declared monolithic nature of the Soviet society, which united peoples with different cultural and social traditions, separatist tendencies matured inside the USSR, encouraged by the political elites of the Union republics who wanted political independence.
USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher
- many cities Ancient Russia appeared on the banks of the rivers. Explain what were the advantages of this location of the city (give three explanations).
Cities on the banks of rivers arose in many countries for similar reasons:
1) water is necessary for a person himself and for running a settled economy (watering plants, watering livestock);
2) rivers in Russia were of paramount importance for trade. Not without reason, the main Russian cities were located on waterway"From the Varangians to the Greeks".
3) the city, located on the banks of the river, has protection in the event of an attack by enemies from at least one side (strong walls will protect the others).
- AT historical science there are debatable problems on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.
"The domestic policy of Alexander III contributed to the progressive development of the social and economic spheres of public life."
Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support given point view, and two arguments by which to refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.
Write your answer in the following form.
Arguments to support:
Arguments in rebuttal:
The reign of Alexander III with the light hand of one St. Petersburg journalist late XIX in. began to be called the “period of counter-reforms”, with a negative connotation, but even some Soviet historians, despite the generally negative attitude towards Alexander III, recognized that certain measures of his domestic policy had a positive impact on the development of the socio-economic development of Russian society.
Arguments to support:
- At Alexandra III active railway construction was carried out, including on public funds, which had a positive effect on economic development countries.
- The formation of labor legislation began, which facilitated the working conditions of women and children.
Arguments in rebuttal:
- A city "counter-reform" was carried out, which increased the property qualification for voters, which limited the social base of self-government bodies.
- The institution of zemstvo chiefs was introduced, who had power over the peasant, similar to the power of the landowner over the serf.
- You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods in the history of Russia:
The essay must:
- indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;
- name two historical figures whose activities are associated with the indicated events (phenomena, processes), and, using the knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the persons named by you in these events (phenomena, processes);
- indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships that characterize the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred in a given period;
- using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, evaluate the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia.
In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.
For writing the essay, I will choose the period from March 1801 to May 1812. - “the days of the Alexandrovs are a wonderful beginning,” as A.S. Pushkin in the poem "To the Censor". This is the time from the accession to the throne of Alexander I and, almost, until the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812.
It is not for nothing that the poet designated this era in this way. The young emperor was full of ideas of reforming Russia in order to bring it closer in terms of living standards to Western European countries. For this, according to Alexander I, it was necessary first of all to limit the autocracy and destroy the shameful serfdom. And, if even his educator with republican convictions, La Harpe, advised the tsar to limit the autocracy, then the first step towards the destruction of serfdom was made by the publication in 1803 of the decree “On free cultivators”. This decree, which became a compromise between the desire of Alexander I, if possible, to completely abolish serfdom and the fear of indignation of the nobles, allowed the landowners to release serfs into freedom with land and for a ransom. Despite the small number of peasants liberated in this way, the significance of the decree is enormous. The emperor demonstrated to society his attitude towards serfdom, and, in addition, some of the provisions of the "Decree" were implemented in peasant reform 1861
The second person who determined the image of the era was M.M. Speransky. A native of the family of a rural priest, thanks to his talents, he made a dizzying career, becoming, according to Emperor Alexander I, his right hand. The emperor in the first years of his reign had not yet abandoned the idea of reforming the archaic Russian state structure. Brilliantly educated, possessing an exceptionally deep mind, M.M. Speransky hatched grandiose plans for transforming the Russian system of government: limiting autocracy by an elected legislative body - the State Duma, creating a State Council that unites all branches of government, granting civil rights to the entire population, which, in fact, made it impossible to implement serfdom. Only the creation of the State Council in 1810 was realized, and only with legislative functions. Yielding to the pressure of the “high society”, who hated the upstart reformer and accused him of having ties with Napoleon, Alexander I sent M.M. Speransky into exile. His mind and transformative plans in given time turned out to be unclaimed, and this slowed down the development of the statehood of our country. Many ideas of M.M. Speransky will be implemented, but only a century later and under the pressure of the first Russian revolution. There will be a State Duma and civil rights for the population, but it's too late.
Arrange in chronological order historical events. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.
1) Crimean War
2) the reform of Patriarch Nikon
3) the fall of the Byzantine Empire
To solve this task, we, of course, need to know the dates, but since it does not require a comparison, but a chronological sequence, it becomes a little easier. The Crimean War, also known as Eastern in European historiography, was fought in the middle of the 19th century. ( 1853–1856). The reform of Patriarch Nikon was carried out in 50s of the XVII century., and the fall of the Byzantine Empire happened after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 As you can see, the events are widely separated in time, and it is not difficult to restore the chronology.
Answer: 321.
Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Here again the dates, but more difficult - you need to accurately correlate with the event, and there are two more dates than events. However, the events are very famous, for those who chose to USE history, exactly. The first mention of Moscow in the annals - 1147, Caribbean crisis - of course, Khrushchev and 1962, Battle of Borodino and World War II 1812 known to anyone, Copper rebellion under the "Quiet" king - 1662
Answer: 2643.
Below is a list of terms. All of them, except two , refer to the events (phenomena) of the XIX century.
1) free cultivators; 2) ministries; 3) Decembrists;
4) June third coup; 5) justices of the peace; 6) Octobrists.
Find and write sequence numbers terms related to another historical period.
And here are the terms! Free cultivators appeared thanks to the decree of Alexander I 1803, ministries almost at the same time - in 1802, participants in the December uprising began to be called Decembrists 1825, the third of June coup is called a sharp change in the law on elections to the State Duma, adopted by Nicholas II without agreement with the Duma itself in 1907, magistrates appeared in Russia as a result of judicial reform 1864, and Octobrists were called members of the Union of October 17, created in 1905 According to the 19th century the June 3rd coup and the Octobrists are not included.
Answer: 46.
From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference
“The 19th All-Union Party Conference ... states: worked out by the Party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and XXVII Congress the party's strategic course towards a comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is steadily being put into practice. The country's slide into an economic and socio-political crisis has been suspended...
The process of improving the country's economy, its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of people, has begun. New methods of management are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprises (Associations), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The law on cooperation was developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-industrial labor relations based on contracts and leases, as well as individual labor activity, are coming into life. Perestroika underway organizational structures management, aimed at creating favorable conditions for the effective management of the primary links of the economy.
The work launched on the initiative of the Party made it possible to resume the growth of the real incomes of the working people. Practical measures are being taken to increase the production of food and consumer goods, and to expand housing construction. Education and health reforms are being carried out. Spiritual life is becoming a powerful factor in the progress of the country. Significant work has been done to rethink the modern realities of world development, update and give dynamism foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering deeper and deeper into the life of Soviet society, exerting an ever-increasing transformative influence on it.
Specification
control measuring materials
for holding in 2017 a unified state exam
HISTORY
1. Appointment of KIM USE
The Unified State Examination (USE) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs secondary general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measuring materials).
The USE is conducted in accordance with Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 “On Education in the Russian Federation”.
Control measuring materials allow to establish the level of mastering knowledge and skills by graduates in the course of history in accordance with the requirements of the Federal component of state standards of secondary (complete) general education, basic and profile levels.
The results of the unified state exam in history are recognized educational organizations higher vocational education how are the results entrance examinations by history.
2. Documents defining the content of KIM
3. Approaches to the selection of content and the development of the structure of KIM
The examination paper covers the content of the course of the history of Russia from antiquity to the present with the inclusion of elements world history(history of wars, diplomacy, culture, economic relations, etc.) and is aimed at identifying educational achievements graduates of secondary educational institutions.
KIM tasks include a significant layer of factual material. At the same time, special attention is paid to testing the analytical and information and communication skills of graduates. Attention is focused on tasks aimed at testing skills: to systematize historical facts; establish causal, structural and other relationships; use sources of information of different types (text source, table, historical map, illustration) to solve cognitive problems; argue your own position with the involvement of historical knowledge; present the results of historical and cognitive activity in a free form with a focus on the specified parameters of activity. Orientation to the active work of the examinees, as well as the involvement of a wide range of historical sources, problematic historical materials create
opportunities to identify graduates who are most focused on continuing their education in this profile. All of the above makes it possible to qualitatively differentiate the participants in the exam according to the level of their preparation in history.
4. The structure of KIM USE
Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.
Part 1 contains 19 short answer tasks.
In the examination paper, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed:
- tasks for choosing and recording one or more correct answers from the proposed list of answers;
- tasks for determining the sequence of location of these elements;
- tasks for establishing the correspondence of elements given in several information rows;
- assignments for the definition on the specified grounds and recording in the form of a word (phrase) of a term, title, name, century, year, etc.
The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number or a sequence of numbers, written without spaces and other separators; the words; phrases (also written without spaces and other separators).
Part 2 contains 6 tasks with a detailed answer, identifying and evaluating the development of various complex skills by graduates.
20-22 - a set of tasks related to analysis historical source(carrying out source attribution; extracting information; attracting historical knowledge to analyze the problems of the source, the position of the author).
23-25 - tasks related to the use of methods of cause-and-effect, structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis for the study of historical processes and phenomena. Task 23 is related to the analysis of any historical problem, situations. Task 24 - analysis of historical versions and assessments, argumentation of different points of view with the involvement of knowledge of the course. Task 25 involves writing a historical essay. Task 25 is alternative: the graduate has the opportunity to choose one of the three periods in the history of Russia and demonstrate his knowledge and skills on the most familiar to him historical material. Task 25 is evaluated according to a system of criteria.
Table 1. Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper
5. Distribution of KIM USE tasks by content, types of skills and methods of activity
The work is built on the basis of the requirements of the Historical and Cultural Standard, each section of which consists of the following components: a brief description of period, including the main events, phenomena, processes; list of concepts and terms; list of personalities; List of sources; list of key dates. Each of these parts carries a significant amount of information that is mandatory for study at school. Particular attention in the Historical and Cultural Standard is given to the study of cultural issues. The concept of a new educational and methodological complex for national history, of which the Historical and Cultural Standard is a part, indicates the need to work with a historical map. It is also necessary to take into account the general patriotic orientation of the ICS, which, in particular, is manifested in increased attention to the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War.
These requirements of the Historical and Cultural Standard became the basis for determining the structure of the examination work.
