Why the Russian language is richly figurative and precise. Essay-reasoning about the wealth of the Russian language. "The great and mighty Russian language"

The Russian language is one of the most developed and processed languages of the world, which has the richest book and written tradition. We find many beautiful words about the Russian language in the works, articles, letters, speeches of progressive public and politicians, prominent writers and poets:
The master of many languages, the Russian language, not only by the vastness of the places where it dominates, but also by its own space and contentment is great before everyone in Europe lt;..gt;. Charles the Fifth, the Roman emperor, used to say that in Spanish with God, in French with friends,
German - with enemies, Italian - with the female sex to speak decently. But if he were skilled in the Russian language, then, of course, he would add to that that it was decent for them to speak with all of them, for he would find in it the splendor of Spanish, the liveliness of French, the strength of German, the tenderness of Italian, moreover, richness and strength in images brevity of Greek and Latin(M. Lomonosov).
It should not interfere with the freedom of our rich and beautiful language (A.S. Pushkin).
You marvel at the preciousness of our language: every sound is a gift, everything is grainy, large, like pearls themselves and, really, there is another name for the most precious thing itself (N.V. Gogol).
... there is no word that would be so bold, briskly, so burst out from under the very heart, so seething and stomach-repetitive, as aptly said Russian word(N.V. Gogol).
Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property, passed on to us by our predecessors lt;..gt;. Treat this mighty tool with respect; in the hands of the skilled, it can perform miracles! (I.S. Turgenev).
The Russian language is real, strong, where necessary - strict, serious, where necessary - passionate, where necessary - lively and lively (L.N. Tolstoy).
You can do wonders with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our minds that could not be conveyed by the Russian word. The sound of music, the spectral brilliance of colors, the play of light, the noise and shadow of gardens, the vagueness of sleep, the heavy rumble of thunder, the whisper of children and the rustle of sea gravel. There are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would be no exact expression in our language (K.G. Paustovsky).
The Russian people created the Russian language, bright as a rainbow after a spring shower, accurate as arrows, melodious and rich, soulful, like a song over a cradle lt;..gt;. What is Motherland? - it's all the people. This is his culture, his language (A.K. Tolstoy).
Today it is hard to believe that there was a time when one had to defend and win the right to teach various subjects at universities in Russian. So, back in 1755, professor of philosophy N.N. Popovsky, a student of Lomonosov, in his introductory lecture convinced the audience that it was time for a lecture on philosophy in
Moscow University to read not in Latin, but in Russian:
Formerly it (philosophy) spoke to the Greeks; the Romans lured her from Greece; she adopted the Roman language in a very short time and reasoned in Roman with innumerable beauty, as not long before in Greek. Can't we also expect similar success in philosophy as the Romans got? As for the abundance of the Russian language, the Romans cannot boast of that before us. There is no thought that would be impossible to explain in Russian.
...So, with God's help, let's start philosophy not in such a way that only one of all Russia understands, or several people, but so that everyone who understands the Russian language can use it conveniently.
N.N. Popovsky began to lecture in Russian. This innovation caused dissatisfaction on the part of foreign professors. The dispute about whether it is possible to give lectures in Russian lasted for more than ten years. Only in 1767 did Catherine II allow lectures to be given at the university in Russian. However, even later they continued to be read in Latin and German.
What is the richness of the Russian language, what properties of the lexical composition, grammatical structure, sound side of the language create its positive qualities?
The richness of any language is determined, first of all, by the richness of the dictionary. K.G. Paustovsky noted that for everything that exists in nature - water, air, clouds, sun, rain, forests, swamps, rivers and lakes, meadows and fields, flowers and herbs - the Russian language has a great many good words and names.
The lexical richness of the Russian language is reflected in various linguistic dictionaries. Thus, the "Dictionary of the Church Slavonic and Russian Language", published in 1847, contains about 115 thousand words. IN AND. Dal included more than 200 thousand words in the Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language.
The richness of the language is also determined by the semantic richness of the word, which is created by the phenomena of polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, etc.
There are a lot of polysemantic words in Russian. Moreover, the number of meanings of one word is very different. So, in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by D.N. Ushakov's verb to go has 40 meanings.
Our language is very rich in synonyms, that is, words that are close in meaning. In one of his works, Academician L.V. Shcherba wrote:
Take, for example, the cycle of the word famous (as applied to a person), which competes with famous, outstanding, wonderful and big. All these words, of course, mean the same thing, but each one approaches the same concept from a slightly different point of view: a great scientist is, as it were, an objective characteristic; an outstanding scientist emphasizes, perhaps, the same thing, but in a somewhat more comparative aspect; a remarkable scientist speaks of the main interest he arouses; a famous scientist notes his popularity; the famous scientist does the same, but differs from the famous scientist superlatives quality .
Each of the synonyms, thus, differing in a shade of meaning, highlights one feature of the quality of an object, phenomenon or some sign of an action, and in the aggregate, the synonyms contribute to a deeper, more comprehensive description of the phenomena of reality.
Synonyms make speech more colorful, more diverse, help to avoid repetition of the same words, allow you to figuratively express an idea. For example, the concept of a large amount of something is conveyed by the words: many (apples), darkness (books), abyss (work), abyss (cases), cloud (mosquitoes), swarm (thoughts), ocean (smiles), sea (flags ), forest (pipes). All the above words, with the exception of the word many, create a figurative representation of a large number.
There are many words in the Russian language that convey a positive or negative attitude of the speaker to the subject of thought, that is, they have expression. So, the words bliss, luxurious, magnificent, fearless, charm contain a positive expression, and the words chatterbox, klutz, stupidity, daub are characterized by negative expression.
There are a lot of words in the Russian language that are emotionally colored. This is due to the fact that our language is rich in various suffixes that convey human feelings: affection, irony, neglect, contempt. M.V. wrote about this distinctive feature of the Russian language. Lomonosov:
... derogatory names, like a courtyard, a dress, a girl, are not equal contentment in every language. Russian and Italian are very rich in them, German is poor, French is even poorer.
The Russian language is unusually rich in figurative phraseology. The expressions “put it on the back burner”, “mama’s massacre”, “you are heavy, Monomakh’s hat”, “Arakcheev regime”, “here’s to you, grandmother, and St. George’s day” and many others that have received a figurative meaning are associated with the history of the Russian people, his past. How much subtle folk humor, irony contain idioms: “hit a finger in the sky”, “sit in a galosh”, “pour from empty to empty”, “come to a cap analysis”, “fire tower”, “two inches from a pot”.
Rich Russian phraseology is presented in the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by A.I. Molotkova (M., 2001). It contains 4 thousand entries.
And how many amazing proverbs and sayings are contained in the Russian language! So, in the collection of proverbs of the Russian people, V.I. About 500 sayings are devoted to the topic “Rus-Motherland” alone (“Dear side is mother, alien side is stepmother”, “From your native land - die, don’t leave” and DR-) -
The dictionary of the Russian language is constantly enriched with new words. If the Russian language is compared with other languages, then it compares favorably in the variety and number of ways in which new words are formed. New words are created using prefixes, suffixes, alternating sounds at the root, adding two or more bases, by rethinking (link, pioneer), splitting words into homonyms (month - moon and month - a period of time), etc. The most productive is morphological method of formation, with the help of which dozens of new words are created from the same root. So, from the root uch - the words are formed: teacher, study, learn, teach, teach, relearn, memorize, accustom, teach, teaching, learning, student, apprenticeship, scientist, teacher, educational, science, scientific, etc. According to " Word-building dictionary of the Russian language "A.N. Tikhonov, the word-formation nest with this root includes more than 300 words.
Richness, flexibility and expressiveness differs and grammatical structure language. Let's take the view category as an example. Unlike the category of time, which indicates the relationship of the action to the moment of speech, the category of aspect indicates the way the action proceeds. So, in the aspect pair read - read the verbs characterize the action in different ways. The verb read (perfect form) indicates an action that has exhausted itself and cannot continue further. The verb read (imperfective) indicates an action that is not limited.
The poet V. Bryusov writes interestingly about this feature of the Russian language:
The strength of the Russian verb lies in what school grammarians call species. Let's take four verbs of the same root: to become, to put, to stand, to become. From them, with the help of prefixes, pre-, at-, for-, from-, etc., inflections of “recurrence” and suffixes of “multipleness”, about 300 verbs can be formed, which, according to grammar, will be different “kinds” of the same verb . None modern language one cannot translate all the shades of meaning that are obtained in this way ... How, for example, to convey in French the difference between: "I rearrange the chairs", "I rearrange them", "I rearrange them", "rearranged", "rearranged"? Or is it possible to find words of the same root in another language to convey the phrase: “When the tincture was infused, I insisted that it was time to instruct the workers how to set the funnel on the bottle? »
The richness, diversity, originality and originality of the Russian language allow everyone to make their speech rich and original.
A hundred times right K.I. Chukovsky, who wrote in the book "Living like life":
“It is not for this that our people, together with the geniuses of the Russian word - from Pushkin to Chekhov and Gorky - created for us and our descendants a rich, free and strong language, striking with its sophisticated, flexible, infinitely diverse forms, it is not for this that this was left to us as a gift the greatest treasure of our national culture, so that we, having abandoned it with contempt, reduced our speech to a few dozen stamped phrases.
This must be said with categorical severity.

The Russian language is one of the most developed languages in the world, the richest literature is written in it, reflecting the historical experience of the great Russian people and the achievements of all mankind. The richness of the Russian language is manifested at all language levels.

On the phonetic level it lies in the variety of sounds, the richness of stress and intonation. According to scientists, the Russian language is one of the most musical languages of the world due to the following characteristics:

1. It has a large number of vowel sounds (a, o, u, s, i, e), organizing the syllable and rhythm of the word. Compare: in the Hamitic languages (ancient Egyptian, Coptic, etc.) - 3 vowel sounds, in some Avar dialects - 2.

2. A quarter of all words in the Russian language consists of sonorant consonants closest to vowels (m, n, r, l), which also give musicality to the sound, cf .: “ H a be R egu are empty nn th in ln standing l about n, do m high on ln, and wda l b d l poison l... "(A.S. Pushkin).

3. A sign of the musicality of the language is the presence of a large number of soft consonants. Almost every Russian hard consonant has a soft paired version. In native Russian words, consonants (b, p, d, t, c, f, s, s, m, n, l, r) before e always soft: case, earth, sky, dough and others. The Russian language also tends to soften borrowed words: academy, beret, motto, scenery, museum, text, term, plywood etc. In Western European languages, consonants before e mostly pronounced firmly: atheist, business, child prodigy, interval, dash, timbre, aesthetics etc., therefore, in some words there are fluctuations in the pronunciation of consonants (options): dean, deodorant, creed, congress, neorealism, neofascism, session and etc.

It is believed that the Russian language (and Slavic languages in general) has a difficult pronunciation. The main reason for this is the accumulation of consonants ( hello no hinder, do not be zealous, testify etc.) and the presence of paired consonants in terms of hardness - softness: brother - take, becoming - set, corner - coal; they say- mole, etc. Difficult vowels include the sound /s/: carpets, red, rummage and under. Unlike French, Polish and other languages with fixed stress, in Russian the stress is different, i.e. it can fall in different words on different syllables ( cloud - barrier - heaven), and mobile, that is, it can move in the same word when it changes ( head - raise your head, big heads etc.).

On the morphemic level the Russian language is distinguished by a wealth of suffixes: diminutives ( table - table), affectionate ( son - son, son), magnifying ( home - house), disparaging ( beard - beard), action producer suffixes (teach - teacher), the carrier of the feature ( old– old man), a weakened degree of quality ( white - whitish) and many others. etc. Russian prefixes are also diverse, cf .: to drive - to drive, to drive away, to expel, to drive, to drive, to drive, to disperse. One word can have up to three prefixes: open-open.

The Russian language is rich and level word formation : it has many models for creating new words, especially in the field of prefix-suffix word formation, for example, from the word pigeon formed the following words:

dove, dove, dove, dove, dove

stuffed cabbage

pigeon

dovecote, dovecote, pigeon, pigeon breeding, pigeon-like

dove, dove

On the lexical level The Russian language is distinguished, firstly, by its huge vocabulary. Here are some data: The Dictionary of the Modern Russian Literary Language (Big Academic Dictionary - BAS) includes more than 110,000 words, the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects - 102,000 words, Big Dictionary foreign words - about 30,000 words, which is very popular Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language V.I. Dahl - more than 200,000 words. Even if we take into account that the named dictionaries in some dictionary entries may overlap, the lexical richness of the Russian language is not questioned. For comparison: the dictionary of the most widespread language in the modern world, Chinese, includes approximately 90,000 hieroglyphic words.

Secondly, polysemy is developed in the Russian language, that is, polysemy. Thus, 80 percent of the words of the Russian language have not one, but several meanings, for example, the word "take" can have up to 50 meanings, the word "language" - 25 meanings that are realized in different contexts.

Thirdly, the presence of a huge vocabulary and polysemy created the basis for the development of synonymy and antonymy. A large number of synonyms (words that are close in meaning) and antonyms (words that are opposite in meaning) decorate and enrich Russian speech.

Phraseological wealth of the Russian language is manifested as the presence of a large number of proper Russian phraseological units ( mother's massacre, put in a long box, put your finger in the sky, come to a hat analysis, two inches from the pot, pour from empty to empty etc.), and in the assimilation by the Russian language of numerous borrowed set expressions: Greek-Latin ( Achilles' heel, sink into oblivion, seize the moment, Pyrrhic victory, Sisyphean labor, Trojan horse, Pandora's box etc.), biblical ( Babylonian pandemonium, bury talent in the ground, massacre of babies, flesh from flesh, parable of the town etc.), phraseological units from Western European languages ( ugly duckling, the game is not worth the candle, straw widow etc.). See Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by A.N. Molotkov, which contains 4,000 entries.

In the area of morphology the Russian language is characterized by a wealth of word forms, in particular, a branched declension system: 3 types of declension of nouns, 6 cases and 2 numbers - thus, a Russian inflected noun has 12 forms. In addition, the variability of case endings is developed in the Russian declension system, for example, in the genitive case of the singular: came out home - left home; in the prepositional singular: at the airport – in the airport; in the nominative plural: cruisers - cruisers; volumes - volumes and under. The Russian language is also rich in the field of verbal form formation (simple and complex forms of the future tense, the presence of participial and participle forms, etc.).

The Russian language is slender syntax : phrase is built on the based on three types of communication (coordination, control, adjacency), sentences by structure are divided into simple and complex, simple sentences by composition - into one-part and two-part, complex by the presence or absence of unions - into allied and unionless, allied according to relations between parts - into complex and complex; both those and others are divided into varieties depending on the meaning of the unions; non-union complex sentences also differ in the composition and nature of the semantic relations between their parts.

The richness of the Russian language is also manifested in the great variety of its stylistic means (tropes and figures of speech ) with the help of which poets and writers created artistic texts of world significance. Russian fiction is one of the most developed in the world.

Tasks for self-study

To prove the polysemy of Russian words, do the following exercises:

a) for each group of these words (phrases), select a common word that includes the meanings of these words:

costs cost

expenses fee

loss role

spending value

counting the amount of deficiency

determination of the presence of a shortage

registration with entry of excess consumption

to the list above the arrival

business hiring act

action to achieve the goal renting land for a while

income sharing document rental fee

basis representative

basis authorized

warehouse spy

strong point detective officer

central point

b) find a common word that absorbs the meanings of these foreign and proper Russian words:

ideal perfection

model? example, type

standard yardstick

interpret explain

comment? explain

interpret reason

Illustrate the word-formation possibilities of the Russian language with your own examples (similar to the words “dove”, “drive” above).

Give examples of phrases with different types communication (coordination, control, adjoining).

Make a scheme for classifying sentences by structure (see the material above), including in it the types of one-component sentences and types subordinate clauses. Illustrate with examples all the indicated types of simple and complex sentences.

Many people do not even think that his language is considered the richest. Why exactly Russian? The answer is very simple, the Russian language is the only language in the world in which words can be replenished again and again. From many expressions and invented words, our language, our culture is replenished, because much that was popular with our grandparents goes into our colloquial vocabulary, and our grandchildren will also speak our phrases.

The Russian language is very difficult, but this does not make it less attractive. Many writers said that any conversation can be conducted in Russian: a declaration of love, communication with an enemy, a friendly conversation, because it is he who can convey all feelings and emotions better than any other language. The main thing is to learn to be a literate person, you should not shout to the whole world that he is too complicated and that they have come up with too many stupid rules.

It should be remembered that the language we speak is a gift from our ancestors and not the teaching of the language - it is tantamount to forgetting about relatives, not accepting their culture, becoming a stranger among our own. It is especially sad to hear this from a small, still growing generation. They do not yet know that by knowing him, you can discover new world. in Russian there are many words of synonyms, so it will not be difficult for anyone to compose poems, choosing right word its meaning will not change. It is very funny to learn new words, because a word meaning one object or action can sound like it is associated with a completely different object.

Having fallen in love with a language, it will open up many opportunities for you, I checked all this on my personal experience. After reading a large number of books, you no longer remember the rules, and you write sentences freely without making any mistakes. That's what it means - a rich Russian language. So it's better to take care of your tongue from a young age.

Composition reasoning The Russian language is unusually rich Grade 6

We often hear the statement that the Russian language is very rich. But is it? Let's figure it out.

The first thing that shocks any foreigner into a language is the number of synonyms. For example, the word "beautiful" can be occupied with words such as "amazing", "beautiful", "good", "beautiful", "attractive" or "delightful". There is hardly a word for which it is impossible to find a suitable replacement. This, of course, speaks of the magnificence and diversity of the Russian language.

Also, unlike, for example, English, in Russian there is no correct construction of interrogative sentences. That is, you can use only intonation when building a question. Transferring a punctuation mark, using a variety of suffixes and prefixes, changing word order can also cardinally change the meaning of a sentence. The amount of means of expression is also striking. When reading any work, there are many epithets, personifications and metaphors.

Do not forget that the average person uses only one-fifth of the words of the entire language. This, in turn, also speaks of its vastness and immensity.

In conclusion, I would like to say that such a rich and amazing language must not only be protected, but also be able to use it. To do this, you should use as few foreign words as possible and, of course, read classical literature to replenish your vocabulary.

Composition No. 3 The Russian language is unusually (extraordinarily) rich essay-reasoning

What could be more precious, more valuable and more vulnerable than our native language; the language we speak? Our Russian. There are a great many countries, peoples, languages, people in the World. But I speak Russian, I write in it, I think, since I am a Russian person. The Russian language is considered to be one of the most beautiful, melodic, sophisticated and musical languages in the world. No wonder such great writers, poets, musicians as Pushkin, Blok, Tchaikovsky wrote their works in Russian. And what wonderful poems the great poetesses gave us: Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Teffi and many others.

Just remember how many great writers wrote in Russian: Lermontov, Bulgakov, Bunin, Solzhenitsyn, Pelevin, Kuprin, Pasternak. But what about Lomonosov with his great theory of three calm? This theory laid the foundation for the division of our language into ranks; divided it into low, medium and high style. The language has become even more diverse and unique from this. Due to its versatility, the Russian language always remains unique, makes a person's speech expressive and eloquent.

The Russian language is our gift, a gift, and the creation of the Almighty. The Russian language is so different, both an intellectual and an ordinary peasant from the people can speak it, and this will not make the language paler, but on the contrary, it will sparkle with all the hypostases of its greatness. For me the most beautiful language in the world is the Russian language.

More than 145 million people on earth consider Russian as their mother tongue. Also, Russian is the state language in Russia and in several countries. former USSR. Russian is also spoken outside of our country; it is taught in foreign universities: in America, Great Britain, France, Germany, Luxembourg. Interethnic treaties are concluded in Russian, international meetings are held. Many students from other countries try to visit our country to hear such a native and beautiful Russian language. As one once said great man i To paraphrase, "there are many languages in the world, they are all created for different things ... And the Russian language was created for life and reflection." I do not argue all languages deserve respect. But most of all, each person should love and respect his native language, the language in which he speaks from birth, in which he thinks and decides.

And after that, how can we not be proud of our native language? We should be proud of him. This is our direct duty and honor. I am proud that I speak and write in Russian. I believe that every citizen of our country should appreciate and love their native language; do not pollute it with foreign words, ugly phrases and dialects; wrong phonetics. Monitor your speech, treat the language with respect and care. Speak clearly, brightly, subtly, as the Russian language allows us to do. Love your language - it is our great Russian language. The task of us, people who speak Russian, is to preserve and increase the beauty of the Russian language for future generations. This is our goal for many years and centuries to come.

The Russian language is rich and picturesque. He is powerful and picturesque.

Some interesting essays

Composition How I saw Mitrofan in the comedy Undergrowth Fonvizin
The comedy reveals the theme of improper upbringing and approach to a person's personality. Mitrofan Prostakov causes me a negative attitude. He grows up as a stupid, cruel and uneducated boy
Captain Timokhin in the novel War and Peace of Tolstoy image, characterization essay
The full name of the hero is Prokhor Ignatich Timokhin. He is already an old man. But, despite his age, he was constantly running somewhere, in a hurry. On his face it was always read, as the author writes

The Olympic Games for me are competitions of the best athletes in the world, I watch them every time on television. The Olympic Games began to be held many centuries ago in Ancient Greece.

Heroes of the work Ruslan and Lyudmila Pushkina (characteristic)
Ruslan is one of the contenders for the hand of Lyudmila, daughter Kyiv prince Vladimir "Red Sun". Blue-eyed handsome hero, strong, fearless
Composition Kindness is better than beauty reasoning

Nobody dares to deny the richness of the Russian language. And the few who dare to enter into a dispute on this topic will wallow in wild disappointment, because every even slightly educated inhabitant of the earth knows that the power of the great Russian language is indescribable! How concretely and briefly can one answer the question of what lies in this power and strength that glorify our native language so much? In this article, we will try to briefly understand how and why this language became the most open, huge and powerful.

Introduction

Before talking about what is the wealth of the Russian language, it is worth remembering the ancient traditions. It is known that back in the 9th century, the Slavs already spoke Old Russian. Of course, since then it has succumbed to many changes and adjustments until it has become modern and generally accepted. It is worth saying that not only philologists and linguists, but also talented people of all Russia were involved in the development of this wonderful language. They improved it, made it more beautiful and brighter. Thanks to this, he became very interesting abroad. Many foreigners became interested in such a melodious and diverse language and wanted to learn it. Interesting fact that today our native language is one of the five most commonly used languages in the world.

The main factor of formation

What is the richness of the Russian language? The answer to this question is possible only after analyzing the history of the emergence and development of the language, because how can you judge something without knowing where it came from? If it were not for Christianity, then we can say with almost absolute certainty that the Russian language would definitely not be the way we know it today. It should be understood that the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian languages are very similar to each other. Perhaps, if it were not for the influence of religion, then all people spoke something in common between these three languages, and then the ethnic picture of the world would have undergone strong changes.

Activities of Peter I

The peak of the development of the language came in the 17th-18th centuries, and Peter I was greatly credited for this. The turning point happened in the 17th century, because it was then that the emperor actively reformed all spheres of state foundations. Of course, all these changes could not pass by the most important thing - culture and language. He was able to introduce a civil type, which supplanted the Cyrillic semi-ustav. He also obliged everyone to use new terminology, which was borrowed from European countries. It is worth noting here that all these innovations for the most part concerned military affairs. At this time, such words as guardhouse, password and corporal appeared in Russian. Peter I invested a significant amount of his own funds in order to open printing houses. They printed fiction books as well as special political literature. All this made it possible to capture in writing the main values and cultural monuments of that time.

Mikhail Lomonosov

One more thing must not be forgotten important person who made a significant contribution to the development of the language. We are talking about Mikhail Lomonosov. He wrote his works in the correct Russian language and tried to adhere to the rules of grammar as much as possible. After some time, these rules were officially introduced into the language, and the most interesting thing is that we still use many of them today! The contribution of Mikhail Lomonosov is greatly underestimated, and for the most part, it was only thanks to him that such a branch of science as grammar appeared, which led to the publication of the first academic dictionary. With his own money, he published the Russian Grammar, which to this day is one of the greatest assets of Russian culture. It was from this moment that the public recognition of the Russian language as a great and powerful began. They became interested in them abroad, began to study and improve. After the publication of the book, grammar books for children were written, which were massively introduced into the education program. It was Mikhail Vasilyevich who divided the texts into styles, highlighting artistic, business and scientific.

The process of transforming the Russian language continues, and it is unlikely that it will ever end. New knowledge, new technology and new areas of science arise regularly that require special vocabulary. Our language borrows a lot of words from abroad, but this does not prevent it from remaining just as popular, bright and diverse.

The power of language

Is it possible to definitely write what is the wealth of the Russian language? It can be seen that today it is one of the most developed, demanded and processed languages in the world, which has a huge book and written base. But what is the richness of the Russian language, how does it differ from others, what lexical and grammatical features make it the best? It is worth noting that when considering the significance and richness of the language, the first thing that researchers look at is the dictionary. If it is full of words that convey different things in an accessible, understandable and eloquent language, and also consists of letters that are pleasant and easy to pronounce, then we can say that the language is quite rich. K. Paustovsky said more than once that only in Russian there is a huge variety of different designations to denote ordinary natural phenomena, such as rain, wind, lakes, sun, sky, grass, etc.. The lexical richness of native speech is most clearly reflected in various dictionaries. V. Dal included more than 200 thousand words in his Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language.

Semantic saturation

The richness and expressiveness of the Russian language largely depend on what semantic load the words carry. At this point, our native language is also not inferior, because we have many synonyms, homonyms and simply meaningful words. We remember that synonyms are words that have a similar meaning. There are many such words in the Russian language, which more than once rescued unlucky poets who went crazy in search of a new rhyme: you just have to carefully read the dictionary. It is important to understand that synonyms do not just call the same thing in different ways, they clarify only a certain property of an object, helping to describe something more deeply and significantly. Let's give a small example using the word "famous". It can easily be replaced by such units as "outstanding", "big", "remarkable" and "famous". Moreover, each adjective reveals the word in a special subtext. The adjective “big” characterizes something objectively, the word “outstanding” gives a comparative assessment, “famous” means a qualitative characteristic, and “remarkable” allows us to convey our attitude towards something.

Synonyms are an important and integral part of speech, because they allow you to figuratively diversify the language and avoid boring repetitions. The most interesting thing is that sometimes synonyms are used, which in their direct meaning may have nothing to do with the subject in question. For example, we say the word "a lot", but in different contexts it can be replaced by such synonyms as darkness, abyss, abyss, ocean, swarm, etc. This is just one example, but how clearly it demonstrates the diversity of the Russian language.

Expression

In order to understand what the richness of the Russian language is, you need to remember such an important concept as expression, which allows you to describe emotions. There are positive and negative expressions. The first type includes such words as beautiful, luxurious, bold, charming and others. The second type includes such words as sloppy, absent-minded, talker, etc. Our native language is incredibly rich in emotional words that allow us to express emotions such as affection, anger, love, anger, etc., using a number of units, each of which has a unique meaning. Mikhail Lomonosov also emphasized this, saying that only two languages \u200b\u200bhave a sufficient number of endearing and derogatory words: Russian and Italian.

Phraseology

And yet, the question of what is the richness of the Russian language is not yet fully disclosed. Briefly, we can say that the richness of a language is predetermined by the richness of its individual units. We must not forget about phraseology, which is an important part of speech. Set expressions come from historical documents, past events and even from the present experience of the people. The statements of ordinary people most vividly and subtly convey different aspects of life. No wonder scientists collect folk wisdom bit by bit, because ethnicity is the best creator and custodian of life knowledge. Some scholars even compare the folk community with a philosopher who, while living life, learns valuable lessons from it. You can get acquainted with the extensive Russian phraseology with the help of the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by A. Molotov.

Enrichment with foreign words

Examples of the richness of the Russian language are impossible without the words that came to us from abroad. They improve our language. At the same time, it should be said that only the Russian language has such a huge number of prefixes and suffixes that allow you to create new words. Philologists rarely translate foreign words in transliteration - only if necessary. In all other cases, new unique words are born.

Grammar

What is the richness of the Russian language, if not in grammar? This is one of the most important parts of speech. Our grammar is distinguished not only by its flexibility, but also by expressiveness. Learning this language for foreigners is not an easy task. No matter how difficult they say about the complexity of other languages, Russian, with all its diversity, remains one of the most difficult. As an example, we can consider the category of view, which indicates the way in which an action proceeds. It is somewhat more complicated than the category of time, because it allows you to characterize the action in different ways. For example, the verb "do" can sound like "do", "finish", "finish", etc. Almost no other language in the world has such a variety of word forms.

Statements about the wealth of the Russian language

We have considered many aspects of our speech. So, what is the richness of the Russian language? Let's briefly try to answer this question with the words famous people. And Turgenev bequeathed: "Take care of the language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure and property handed down by our predecessors." Nikolai Gogol put it very beautifully when he wrote: “You marvel at the preciousness of our language: every sound is a gift, everything is grainy, large, like pearls themselves and, really, a different name is even more precious than the thing itself.” made an interesting remark: “How beautiful the Russian language is! All the advantages of German without its terrible rudeness.

Summing up the article on the Russian language, I would like to say that it is rightfully considered one of the richest, richest and most luxurious languages, but at the same time it is quite difficult. Everyone who is lucky enough to be born and speak this language does not even realize the gift that he received. What is the richness of the Russian language? The answer is simple: in our history and the people who created this invincible language.

On June 6, 2011, the President of the Russian Federation signed the Decree “To establish the Day of the Russian Language and celebrate it annually, on June 6, on the birthday of the great Russian poet, the founder of the modern Russian literary language A.S. Pushkin. This was done "in order to preserve, support and develop the Russian language as a national heritage of the peoples Russian Federation, funds international communication and an integral part of the cultural and spiritual heritage of world civilization.

This date was not chosen by chance. It was on June 6 that the sun of Russian poetry was born, which is the founder of the modern Russian literary language. This day is called Pushkin Day and is celebrated throughout Russia every year. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 1997 “On the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin and the establishment of the Pushkin Day of Russia "the birthday of the great poet acquired the status of the state.

Today the Russian language is official language UN along with French, English, Arabic, Spanish and Chinese.

The Russian language ranks fourth in terms of prevalence. Over 260 million people use it in their speech.

However, among Russian scholars there are fears that by 2025 the great mighty Russian language will not have such popularity. Experts say that Portuguese will be even more in demand than Russian. This phenomenon is associated with the fact that many post-Soviet states today are increasingly raising the issue of recognizing the Russian language as the state language, and, as a rule, this issue is not resolved in favor of the Russian language. In countries such as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Ukraine, the Russian language is actually banned, education is conducted entirely in national languages, the fact that the Russian-speaking population in these countries still makes up a fairly large percentage is not taken into account.

In schools, starting from the first grade, the Russian language is a compulsory subject for study. Moreover, it is conducted almost every day up to the eleventh grade. The Russian language exam is mandatory in order to receive a certificate of secondary education and continue, if desired, study.

How can you not be friends with the Russian language? After all, this is our native language, we speak, think, and create in this language. Our wealth lies in the language, it is always inimitable, unique. None of the most best translation will not be able to convey to us all those emotions, experiences, suffering, thoughts and feelings that the poet, writer puts in. In this regard, Hegel said that it was useless to study philosophy in a language other than German.

The Russian language is very beautiful. It carries such a semantic load that many other world languages do not carry. Many words that are in our language are not in others.

For example, when greeting, an American would say: “Hi! how are you?” (Hello how are you?). And everyone should always, like a robot, answer the same thing: “Fine. How are you?” (Fine. How are you?) If you answer not “fine”, but in some other way, then this will be considered un-American.

It is impossible for Russians to imagine such rigid speech patterns. To the question: "How are you?" you will hear a hundred different answers: “Excellent, normal, nothing, more or less, as white as soot, best of all, like in a fairy tale, tolerant, cool, great, worst of all, things in the Kremlin – we have things to do”, etc. .

To the simplest questions, a native Russian speaker will be able to come up with a hundred answers, and not in such a way that it is deliberate, far-fetched, but practically “on the fly”. Such variability in answers helps a person to think more clearly, to master those deep moments of the language that have not been known before.

The Russian language has undergone significant changes in the course of its development and formation. Today we no longer say “az”, “beeches”, we do not use such words as “chelom”, “grad”. Modern researchers are increasingly talking about the abolition of the letter "e". But still, it remains unclear how one can say “child” instead of “child”, “hedgehog” instead of “hedgehog”. Nevertheless, despite all the historical simplifications, the Russian language remains very multifaceted, rich and powerful.

The modern literary Russian language was finally formed by Alexander Pushkin. He received an excellent education at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, which undoubtedly influenced the quality of his work. He worked in almost all literary genres. If Krylov enriched the fable genre, then Pushkin was able to clearly express his ideas in other genres. The uniqueness of this poet lies in the fact that in his works he was able to reflect all historical eras, different countries peace. We should give him his due that he recreated all the events, as if he himself lived in them, grew up, as if he himself belonged to this people, their culture. He did it with ease. He wrote about different social strata, an important place in his works was occupied by simple honest people, he skillfully introduced simple colloquial speech into dialogues or monologues. Thanks to all this, he completed the formation of that Russian language, which we today call literary, in which we speak and express our thoughts.

Before Pushkin, there were three styles in Russian, and only by adhering to them could those who wished to write. Alexander Sergeevich, as it were, erased the border between them. From now on, creative people could develop their own individual style. Pushkin opened the way for a variety of styles, not forgetting the general norms.

Nikolai Gogol wrote: “With the name of Pushkin, the thought of a Russian national poet immediately dawns ... In him, as if in a lexicon, all the richness, strength and flexibility of our language was contained. He is more than all, he further pushed the boundaries for him and more showed all his space. The words of Ivan Turgenev are also similar, who said the following: “... There is no doubt that he (Pushkin) created our poetic, our literary language and that we and our descendants can only follow the path paved by his genius.

Russia is a very big country. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that a huge number of nations and nationalities lived on its territory from time immemorial. Each nationality has its own language, culture, customs and rituals. Even, it would seem, one nation - Russians, depending on the region of residence, has its own language features, ranging from an accent to some words that are peculiar only to them, the other will not understand them. But all of us are so different, with different features unites one thing - a single rich Russian language.

Following the statement of Kuprin: “Language is the history of the people. Language is the way of civilization and culture. That is why the study and preservation of the Russian language is not an idle occupation from nothing to do, but an urgent need”, each of us should strive to preserve the language, its development and prosperity.