Did Hitler escape from Berlin? “there was a “mole” in the embassy of the ussr

In April 1945, the Red Army fought fierce battles on the streets of Berlin, conquering the capital of the Reich meter by meter. It was obvious who would win the war in Europe.

Hundreds of thousands died in the battles for the capital, including civilian casualties that have not been accurately recorded by anyone. Countless people were left homeless. But the end of the Third Reich came on April 30, 1945 with the death of two people: Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun.

Shortly after the end of the two-week siege, 33-year-old LIFE photographer William Vandivert arrived in Berlin. This collection contains his previously unpublished photos from Hitler's bunker and destroyed Berlin.

1. Oberwalstrasse, the center of Berlin. Here in the spring of 1945 the fiercest battles took place. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

2. Vandivert was the first Western photographer to gain access to Hitler's Fuhrerbunker. Some of his photographs were published by LIFE in July 1945, but most of the photographs in this collection have never been published. In the photo: one of the rooms in the command bunker, burned by the retreating Germans and cleared of the surviving valuables by the advancing Red Army soldiers. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

3. Painting of the 16th century, taken by the Germans from the museum in Milan. Vandivert wrote about this to the editor: "We had to take pictures in the dark, using one candle for illumination - there was no light in the rooms. Our group was ahead of all the others, who came only forty minutes later." (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

4. The first of 20 pages of Vandivert's notes made for the New York editorial office. The photographer described not only the shots captured on each film, but also the mood and atmosphere in Hitler's bunker and the Reich Chancellery ("a view of the Chancellery ... it was bombed, burned and shot to hell"). (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

5. Illuminating the dark corridors with candles, correspondents examine the sofa, covered with blood stains. Vandivert writes: "Photos of correspondents looking at the sofa on which Hitler and Eva Braun shot themselves. Eva sat at the far end, and Hitler in the middle. Then Hitler fell to the floor." This turned out to be only half true. Historians are certain that Eva Braun committed suicide with cyanide, not a gun, so the blood on the couch was not Eve's. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

6. Correspondent Percy Knaut examines the dirt and debris at the bottom of the trench in the garden of the Reich Chancellery, where, it is believed, the bodies of Hitler and Eva Braun were burned after suicide. Vandivert's notes: "a broken-down bird feeder on a tree ... these were hung everywhere in Berchtesgaden (Hitler's estate in the Bavarian Alps). Probably meant a lot to him." (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

7. The famous "dead head" - the emblem of the SS - is barely visible under a layer of mold. The cap lies on the floor of the bunker, filled with water. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

8. The phrase "violence and looting" sounds medieval, but perfectly describes the actions of Soviet troops in conquered Berlin. It is foolish to deny this, because no army in the wars was completely sinless in this sense. It is not surprising that the Soviet troops cleared the bunker of what the Germans did not take with them and did not burn during the retreat. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

9. Vandivert writes: "almost all the famous buildings of Berlin lie in ruins. In the city center, soldiers could walk for several blocks and not meet a single living soul, smelling only the smell of death." In the photo: view of the bombed Schöneberg district in Berlin. From August 1940 to March 1945, American, British and Soviet bombers made a total of more than 350 air raids on the city. Tens of thousands of civilians were killed. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

10. Allied troops (British, American, French and Soviet) gained control of Berlin, but this does not mean that they rested on their laurels. Hard work was carried out to restore order in the ruined city. The troubles of an entire nation fell on the shoulders of soldiers who wanted to return home. In the photo: Private First Class Douglas Page in the Berlin Sports Palace stands on the spot where Hitler usually delivered his speeches. The building was destroyed during the bombing on January 30, 1944. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

11. Soviet soldiers and an unknown civilian are moving a huge eagle that used to hang over the entrance to the Reich Chancellery. Vandivert: "He was loaded onto a car to be taken away as a trophy." (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

12. The columns at the entrance to the Reich Chancellery and the entire lower part of the building are inscribed with the names of the dead and survivors, who, like all soldiers at all times, wanted to shame the enemy, honor fallen comrades, or simply testify: I was here. I survived. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

13. A broken globe and a bust of Hitler among the wreckage in front of the Reich Chancellery. This picture perfectly illustrates the state of Berlin in April 1945 on the eve of the Potsdam Conference. Just at this time, the song "Berlin Kommt Wieder" (Berlin will return) became more and more popular in the city. And it was considered "dangerous" not so much because of the lyrics, but because of the way Berliners sang it. (William Vandivert/TIME & LIFE Pictures)

14. William Vandivert filmed for LIFE from the late 1930s to 1948. In 1947, together with Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson and David Seymour, he created the Magnum Photo agency (where he worked for only a year). Vandivert died in 1992.

Three days in April 1945

On April 20, 1945, the situation in the bunker under the Reich Chancellery in Berlin was gloomy. The Fuhrer's birthday - he was 56 years old - was celebrated without much enthusiasm. 18 very small rooms, hidden underground to a depth of 5 meters, of which 4 were reinforced concrete ceilings, little resembled the huge halls of that magnificent building that served "a symbol of the concentration of power" in the capital of the Greater Reich.

Nevertheless, from January 15, 1945, it was from here, from the bunker, that the entire territory was controlled, which is still "the power of the Fuhrer spread".

This territory was shrinking literally from hour to hour.

The encirclement of Berlin has already begun, and those leaving the Reich Chancellery should hurry. But no - they were waiting for Hitler to leave his private quarters. In fact, he already celebrated his birthday - according to tradition permanent staff the inhabitants of the bunker, whose duties included "providing assistance in the work of the Fuhrer", congratulated the chief exactly at midnight, with the first stroke of the clock.

This was done in 1945, although, of course, there was not enough joy ...

And now, on April 20, after the Führer had finished his usual meager breakfast and left the bunker for the garden of the Reich Chancellery to receive a delegation from the new SS division, called "Berlin", and bypass the formation of a couple of dozen boys from the Hitler Youth who had distinguished themselves in fight against Russian tanks, more serious things and more serious visitors awaited him.

Almost everyone who was among the Fuhrer's closest associates gathered here - Goering, and Dönitz, and Keitel, and Ribbentrop, and Jodl, and Himmler, and Speer, and Kaltenbrunner, who replaced Heydrich as head of the Imperial Security Directorate, and new chief of staff ground forces Reich General Krebs.

The position of the latter was truly unenviable.

He replaced the recently dismissed Chief of the General Staff Guderian, whom the Fuhrer honored with his trust, but he did not justify his trust - he constantly argued with the leader of the nation and argued that sending the last reserves to the West for the offensive was pure madness.

The Fuhrer had to part with him too.

In general, after the failed mutiny attempt on July 20, 1944, Hitler firmly believed that the Wehrmacht generals were the cause of all the failures. They were all traitors from the start - and it was only because of their constant sabotage of his orders that the war had gone so badly.

Of course, Roland Freisler, chairman of the People's Court of Justice, spent in this sense Good work. Hitler didn't call him "our Vyshinsky"- The trial of the conspirators was swift and merciless.

Field Marshal Witzleben, even stripped of his false teeth, was pretty humiliated before being pulled up - Freisler yelled at him and called him names "dirty old man".

Witzleben, after hearing the verdict, promised Freisler that “in a couple of months, the crowd on the way to the gallows will drag the judge himself through the mud” but this prophecy did not come true.

The field marshal was hanged on August 8, 1944, and Freisler lived until February 3, 1945, that is, he lived not for two months, but for six. And the crowd did not drag him to the gallows - just the Americans during the next bombing of Berlin got into the courthouse, and Roland Freisler was crushed by a fallen beam.

Louise Jodl, the wife of General Jodl, recalled that in the morgue over the corpse of Freisler, someone said that this was God's judgment, and they really did not regret him and buried him without a name on the grave.

However, in February 1945 in Berlin, many were buried without a name on the grave, and often without a grave at all. The city was mercilessly bombed, and now, in April, Russian ground troops were already approaching it. And Adolf Hitler should have been thinking not about the hanged field marshal and not about his judge, but about what should be said to his faithful paladins awaiting his word.

First on the list was Hermann Goering.

Hitler said that “Goering in moments of crisis shows icy calmness”. Perhaps so. He had long been out of favor, almost retired from business and lived mostly in his residence. Carinhall, named after Goering's first wife Karin Kantsov, was more than home to him. Goering kept his art collections there, received foreign diplomats, organized hunting on a completely feudal scale in the forests around his estate, set up a crypt there for the remains of his beloved Karin - and played his second wedding there, with actress Emmy Sonnemann.

Now, in the face of enormous and imminent disaster, Göring woke up from his lethargy.

Carinhall was mined, the paintings were taken to the Bavarian Alps, his wife and daughter were hastily sent there, and he even took care of transferring half a million marks to the bank branch in Berchtengagen. Surprisingly, in April 1945 Goering still believed in the power of money printed in the Reich. And now he came to his Fuhrer to say goodbye. Göring was going to command the Luftwaffe from Bavaria. Of course, there were practically no planes left, but he still had people, and Goering was sure that they were ready to fight.

Hitler released the Reichsmarschall without any objection.

He didn't stop everyone else either. Dönitz, however, received special instructions: in the event that the territory of the Reich was cut in half, he would take over the high command in the northern part of Germany. Himmler, Ribbentrop and Kaltenbrunner left after Dönitz, followed by Speer - his path lay in Hamburg.

At nine in the evening, Hitler left society and went to his room. The youngest of his secretaries, Traudl Junge, was completely shocked to hear that the Führer no longer believed in victory.

But she quickly forgot about it - they started dancing in the bunker. Only one record was found - the old waltz "Red Roses Bring You Happiness" - "Blutrote Rosen erzählen Dir vom Gl?ck".

Even Bormann danced - there was champagne in the bunker. The next day, Hitler left his room quite late, at 9:30 am. He was given bad news.

Russian artillery began shelling the center of Berlin.

On April 22, during a meeting with the military - Jodl, Keitel and Krebs - Hitler had a seizure. They knew the Fuhrer for a long time, and they seemed to be used to his fits of rage, but even they considered it a flash of madness. Hitler shouted that he had been betrayed by everyone he trusted, and that even the SS units no longer wanted to fight, and that Sepp Dietrich had failed in the task entrusted to him, and that now it was all over.

Finally, when the fit of hysteria had passed, the Fuhrer said that the war was lost.

And Hitler added that he had made an unshakable decision - he would remain in Berlin and "lead the defense of the city". The Führer knows that the burden of responsibility has exhausted his physical strength and that he is no longer able to fight with weapons in his hands, so he cannot risk falling wounded into the hands of the enemy.

So at the last minute he will shoot himself.

Both Jodl and Keitel began to beg the leader to change his mind and immediately leave for Bavaria, but he was unshakable. Everything is falling apart anyway. It is no longer possible to fight, only negotiations remain - and let Goering deal with it.

What was left for his entourage to do? The situation became impossible. The head of state remained in Berlin for certain death, but did not abdicate. Consequently, Goering, who since 1941 was considered Hitler's heir, could not assume his powers. In addition, the Fuhrer could change his mind at the last minute and still leave or stay in Berlin, but name not Goering, but someone else as his successor.

Hitler rejected Himmler's candidacy - the Fuhrer found that his faithful Heinrich "lack of artistry". Another possible candidate, Goebbels, was going to stay in Berlin and share the fate of the Fuhrer.

In general, it turned out that from April 22, 1945, the Reich found itself without a leader at all. Krebs and Keitel simply did not know what they should do now. And then an unexpected guest appeared in the bunker.

As it turned out, Albert Speer returned.

It was already very difficult to get to Berlin from Hamburg - the roads were clogged with refugees trying to escape from the advancing Russian troops in the Anglo-American zone of occupation. But Speer did not even try to get to the capital of the Reich by car. Instead, he went to Mecklenburg, requisitioned the plane there, and ordered the pilot to fly to the Gatow airfield, west of Berlin.

There he took a small "Storch" - "Aist" - a light plane that can land anywhere, flew it to Berlin and managed to land on a wide boulevard leading to brandenburg gate. Speer, in fact, planned this boulevard at one time, but he, of course, did not think that he would ever use it as a landing strip. However, he used and now entered the Fuhrer's bunker.

Speer wanted to talk to him.

Their conversation really took place - this is what we know for sure. As for the content of the conversation, it is known only from the words of Speer. According to him, the conversation was about Hitler's order of March 19, 1945 on the total destruction of everything that the enemy could get.

The execution of the order was entrusted to Speer.

It was also about the complete evacuation of the German population from there. In a relationship Eastern Front the evacuation order was redundant - everyone who could only fled from there. But to evacuate the population from cities in the west of Germany, according to the Reich Minister of Armaments, it was possible only to sparsely populated places - for example, to the Elbe Delta.

Placing millions of people under the open sky and without any possibility of supplying them with food would be a guarantee of epidemics and mass death. Well, somewhere in April 1945, Albert Speer came to the conclusion that everything was over and we had to think about the future.

As a result of these reflections, he did the following:

1. Refused to follow orders.

2. He recorded on a disc an appeal to the German people with a call not to carry out orders on arson, explosions, flooding of mines, destruction of factories and everything else in the regions of Germany occupied by the allies. He gave this record to the Gauleiter of Hamburg with an order to put it on the air if Speer did not return from Berlin.

3. With great difficulty and risk to his life, he got from Hamburg to Berlin, appeared at the Reich Chancellery and personally reported to Hitler about what he had done.

And he even explained that there is a sense of duty and responsibility - and therefore he refused to obey the order - and there is a sense of loyalty towards a friend and patron - and therefore he appeared to his Fuhrer personally and was ready to bear the punishment assigned to him. Hitler listened to Speer, shook his hand with watery eyes, and let him out of the bunker alive.

How it really happened, we don't know.

Speer did not include this episode in his memoirs, it was only voiced in an interview with a French newspaper many years after the war, and Speer's biographer, Gitta Sereny, says that this is most likely a false memory.

Speer wanted the conversation to go that way, so he made it up.

It's hard to say, maybe she's right. But be that as it may, we have two well-established facts: Speer did indeed sabotage Hitler's order, and he did, risking his life, return to Berlin to meet with his Führer.

Perhaps this corresponded to his ideas about German loyalty.

Notes

1. The total area of ​​the bunker was only 250 square meters and had 30 rooms. But this is counting all rooms, even ventilation wells and built-in wardrobes.

2. As conceived by Hitler, the building was supposed to reflect the dominance of National Socialism and amaze with its size (length 441 m). Speer erected the building in just one year.

3. Strictly speaking, Ernst Kaltenbrunner was the third head of the RSHA - after the death of Heydrich, Himmler himself performed the duties of head of the Office for some time.

4. Paladin ( lat. palatinus, letters."palace") - the name of the highest court, military and civil ranks at the court of the Roman and Byzantine emperors; a knight from the upper class, fanatically devoted to any idea or any person.

5. Ian Kershaw. Hitler. Vol. 2. P. 801.

6. Joseph (Sepp) Dietrih ( German Josef Dietrich was an SS Oberstgruppenführer and Colonel General of the SS troops. At one time he was Hitler's personal bodyguard. In 1944 he commanded the 6th SS Panzer Army. From March 1945 he led fighting in Hungary.

7. Speer's visit is described in some detail in the book: H. R. Trevor-Roper. The Last Days of Hitler. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947. pp. 135–136.

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39. ADOLF HITLER (1889-1945)

39. ADOLF HITLER (1889-1945)

I must confess that it was with disgust that I included Adolf Hitler in this book. His influence on history has been almost entirely detrimental, and I have no desire to glorify a man whose greatest accomplishment is that he caused the deaths of thirty-five million people. However, one cannot turn away from the fact that Hitler had a huge impact on the life of very a large number of people. Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Braunau, Austria. As a young man he was a failed artist and sometimes became an ardent German nationalist. During the First World War, Hitler served in the German army, was wounded and was awarded two medals for bravery.

The defeat of Germany shocked and angered him. In 1919, at the age of thirty, Hitler joined a tiny right-wing party in Munich, which soon changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party for short). In two years, he became its undisputed leader (in German - the Fuhrer). Led by Hitler Nazi party quickly gained strength and in November 1923 tried to arrange a coup d'état, known as the Munich beer putsch. After the failure of the putsch, Hitler was arrested, accused of treason and imprisoned. However, he was released without spending even a year in prison. In 1928, the Nazi Party remained small. But the onset of the Great Depression was the reason for the great disappointment of the people in official political parties. The Nazis quickly gained strength, and in January 1933, Hitler, at the age of forty-four, became Chancellor of Germany. Having assumed this high office, he used the government apparatus to crush any resistance and quickly established a dictatorship. It should not be thought that this process consisted of the gradual displacement of civil liberties and legal rights. Everything was done very quickly, and the Nazis often did not burden themselves with lawsuits at all! Many political opponents were beaten or simply physically eliminated. And yet, in the pre-war years, Hitler won great support from most Germans, because he was able to reduce unemployment and begin the economic revival of the country. Then he set Germany on the path to conquering other states, and this led to the second world war. He managed to make the first territorial conquests without hostilities. England and France, preoccupied with their own economic problems, were so desperate for peace that they did not intervene when Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles, began to organize the German army, nor when his troops occupied and entrenched themselves in the Rhineland (March 1936), nor when he annexed to Germany's Austria (March 1938) also reluctantly agreed to his annexation of the Sudetenland (September 1938), Czechoslovakia's heavily fortified border region.

An international agreement known as the Munich Pact, by which Britain and France hoped to buy peace for themselves, left Czechoslovakia helpless, and a few months later Hitler took over the country entirely. At every stage, he cunningly combined arguments to explain his actions with threats to go to war if his wishes were not met. And at every stage, Western democracies have timidly retreated. However, England and France were determined to defend Poland, Hitler's next target. He first defended himself by signing a non-aggression pact with Stalin in 1939. Nine days later, Germany attacked Poland. Sixteen days later, when in fact Poland had already been defeated, the Soviet Union sent its troops into it. eastern regions. Although England and France declared war on Germany, Poland was quickly defeated. The most successful year for Hitler was 1940. In April, his armies captured Denmark and Norway. In May they marched through Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg. France capitulated in June.

But in the fall of this year, Great Britain withstood several attacks by the German air force - the famous "Battle of England" - and Hitler never succeeded in invading England. In April 1941, the German armies captured Greece and Yugoslavia. In June 1941, Hitler tore up the non-aggression pact he had made with the Russians and attacked them too. His armies took over huge territories Soviet Union, but failed to defeat the Soviet troops before winter. Already at war with Britain and Russia, in December 1941 Hitler declared war on the United States. A few days later, the Japanese attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor.

By mid-1942, Germany dominated more of Europe than any other country in history. In addition, she also owned a large part North Africa. The turning point of the war came in the second half of 1942, when Germany was defeated in the decisive battles of Stalingrad in Russia and El Alamein in Egypt. After these failures, military fortune turned away from the German troops. Although now the defeat of Germany should have seemed inevitable, Hitler did not give up. In spite of terrible disasters Germany continued to fight after Stalingrad for more than two years. The final collapse came in the spring of 1945.

On April 30, Hitler committed suicide in Berlin. Eight days later Germany capitulated. During his years in power, Hitler pursued a policy of genocide that cannot be compared in history. He was a bigoted racist with a particularly ferocious hatred of Jews. He made it his special, state goal to exterminate all the Jews in the world. During their regime, the Nazis organized large concentration camps equipped with gas chambers for this purpose. In every territory they occupied, they captured innocent men, women, children, and brought them in cattle cars to camps to be destroyed in gas chambers. In just a few years, 6 million Jews perished in this way. The Jews were not the only victims of Hitler. During his regime, the Nazis massacred vast numbers of Russians, Gypsies, and many others who were considered inferior races or enemies of Germany. It is inconceivable that killings on such a scale would occur as a result of uncontrolled actions, in the heat and passion of battle. Hitler's death camps were organized as carefully as large industrial enterprises. Records were kept, quotas were set, and the bodies of the dead were systematically searched for valuables such as gold crowns and wedding rings. The bodies of many victims were also processed to make soap. Hitler was so single-minded in his assassination program that even at the end of the war, when Germany was in dire need of fuel for internal and military needs, cattle cars continued to roll into the death camps with their terrible - but, from a military point of view, senseless - mission. .

For some reason, it is quite obvious that Hitler's fame will last for a long time. First of all, he is a universally recognized genius of evil, the meanest in the entire history of mankind. If men like Nero and Caligula, whose terrible deeds are negligible compared to those of Hitler, remain well known for twenty centuries as symbols of cruelty, it can be safely predicted that Hitler, whose reputation as the greatest murderer in history is undeniable, will remain famous for many years. -many centuries. In addition, of course, Hitler will be remembered as the main initiator of the outbreak of the Second World War, the largest war in the history of mankind. It is unlikely that after the advent of nuclear weapons there will be many wars of this magnitude in the future. Consequently, after two or even three thousand years, the second World War will remain important event in history. Moreover, Hitler will remain famous because his whole life is bizarre and unusual. In fact, it is amazing how a foreigner (Hitler was born in Austria, not in Germany), without the necessary political experience, money or political connections, could rise to the head of a world power in less than fourteen years.

He was a great speaker. Judging by his ability to direct people to take decisive action, Hitler seems to have been the greatest orator in history. And, of course, the brutal purposes for which he used his power, having received it, will not be forgotten soon. Perhaps there is no figure in history who had a worse influence on his generation than Adolf Hitler. In addition to the tens of millions who died in the war he unleashed or in the Nazi concentration camps, millions more lost their homes, millions more were destroyed by the war.

Any assessment of Hitler's influence on history must take place in the light of two factors. First, most of what happened might not have happened at all if Hitler hadn't been around. (In this sense, his personality contrasts sharply with such personalities as Charles Darwin or Simon Bolivar.) Of course, it cannot be denied that the situation in Germany and Europe ensured the emergence of Hitler. For example, his militaristic or anti-Semitic statements definitely touched a sympathetic chord in the souls of many of his listeners. However, there is no indication that most Germans in the 20s and 30s wanted or required their government to adhere to such extremist policies as Hitler's, and there is not the slightest sign that another would-be leader of Germany would have done the same. In fact, none of the events of the Hitler era was even approximately predicted by an outside observer. Second, the entire Nazi movement was run by a single autocratic leader. Marx, Lenin, Stalin and others played major roles in the rise of communism. But National Socialism had neither before Hitler nor after him a single significant leader. He brought the Nazis to power and kept them at their head throughout his reign. When he died, the Nazi Party and the government he led died with him.

But although Hitler's influence on his generation was so monstrous, the impact of his activities on future generations is rather weak. Hitler completely failed, achieving none of his main goals, and the small effect he had on future generations seems to have been just the opposite of what he expected. For example, Hitler was interested in expanding the influence and territory of Germany. But his conquests, though large, proved to be ephemeral, and Germany has less territory today than when Hitler came to power. He was consumed by a passion to destroy the Jews, but fifteen years after Hitler came to power, the first independent Jewish state appeared for the first time in two thousand years. He hated communism and Russia. However, after his death, and partly as a result of the war he started, the Russians were able to take control of most of of Eastern Europe, and communist influence in the world spread widely. Hitler despised democracy and hoped to destroy it not only among other nations, but in Germany too. Nevertheless, Germany still lives today under democratic laws, and its citizens seem to be much less likely to admit the possibility of totalitarian rule in their thoughts than any generation of Germans before Giegler.

What else can be added to this strange combination of a huge impact on our own time and a relatively small one on future generations? Hitler's activities had such a huge effect on the world of his day that it is quite obvious that he should be high enough on our list. But, of course, he must be far behind such figures as Shi Huangdi, Caesar and Genghis Khan, whose activities influenced the world for centuries after their death. The closest parallel can be drawn with Napoleon and Alexander the Great. In a short period, Hitler was stronger than these two men, but he is lower on our list because their influence was more lasting.

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ADOLF HITLER: Architect of Genocide Germany, humiliated by defeat in World War I, was seized by despair. But there was a man who promised the Germans to return the lost national pride. For this, he urged, it is necessary to build gas chambers for "enemies of the nation" and -

From the book 100 great weddings author Skuratovskaya Mariana Vadimovna

Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun April 29, 1945 Adolf Hitler, the "great dictator" and one of the greatest monsters in human history, had no luck with women because he was too shy. Even during the period when he was on the crest of power and with his appearance on

From the book Big Soviet Encyclopedia(GI) of the author TSB

From book Big Dictionary quotes and popular expressions author

HITLER, Adolf (Hitler, Adolf, 1889–1945), leader of Nazism 376 The national revolution has begun! Performance at the Bürgerbräukeller Hall (Munich) 8 Nov. 1923, on the day of the "beer putsch"? Fest I. Hitler. - Perm, 1993, v. 1, p. 296 In June 1933, the head of the Stormtroopers (SA), Ernst Röhm, declared: “It has come

From book The World History in sayings and quotes author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

HITLER, Adolf (Hitler, Adolf, 1889–1945), leader of Nazism65 The national revolution has begun! 1923, on the day of the "beer putsch"? Fest I. Hitler. - Perm, 1993, v. 1, p. 296In June 1933, the head of the assault detachments (SA), Ernst Röhm, declared: “The time has come

From the book 3333 tricky questions and answers author Kondrashov Anatoly Pavlovich

Why the German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler respected the Swedish king Charles XII? The image of the Swedish king Charles XII (1682-1718) was sympathetic to the German Nazis. They respected the king for his intention to split Russia into appanage principalities and for cold, immeasurable cruelty towards

From the book Dictionary of Modern Quotes author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

HITLER Adolf (Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945), leader of Nazism 105 Mein Kampf (My Struggle). political autobiography ("Mein Kampf",

From the book Thoughts, aphorisms and jokes famous men author Dushenko Konstantin Vasilievich

Adolf Hitler (1889–1945) leader of Nazism The grander the lie, the easier it is to believe it. * * * No one will ask the winner whether he spoke the truth or not. * * * The intelligentsia are the dregs of the nation. * * * As long as I lead the party, it will not be a debating club for the rootless.

Argentine researcher Abel BASTI believes that Hitler died quietly in the arms of his wife and children in Paraguay in 1964...
Argentine writer Abel Basti, a researcher of the life of the head of the Third Reich, is seriously sure: on April 30, 1945, Hitler did not put a bullet in his head at all, but calmly folded things for a safe departure from Berlin. Taking Eva Braun with him, he moved to Argentina to a friendly regime, and died only in 1965.

The writer did not find evidence that Frau Hitler also died. In addition, Brown had many centenarians in the family. Her mother died at 96. This suggests that Hitler's wife is still alive. Perhaps the three children of Adolf and Eve are also in full health. Abel Basti knows for sure that they had children! Two were born while the Fuhrer and his wife lived in Germany. Then, when they moved to Argentina, another child was born.

After repeated examinations and interrogations of witnesses in Moscow, they decided that it was really Hitler. Several times his remains were buried, dug up, and buried again. The last refuge of the Fuhrer was the Soviet military unit in Magdeburg. In 1970, before the transfer of this territory to the Germans, on the secret orders of Leonid Brezhnev, the remains of Hitler, Eva Braun and the Goebbels family were burned, and the ashes were poured from the bridge into the river Biederitz.

However, not everyone agrees with the official version to this day. Hundreds of studies have been carried out in search of the “escaped Hitler”, many books have been written. He was searched in Spain, Latin America and even in Antarctica. Recently, the Argentine writer Abel BASTI published his version of how the bloodiest dictator in Europe ended his days.

Escape from Berlin

The leaders of the Third Reich began looking for safer shelter as early as 1943, writes Basti. Preparations for the evacuation were kept in the strictest confidence - Muller and Bormann, looking after each other, did not allow a single leak.

In Argentina, bank deposits were registered for nominees, small companies were created, and farms were purchased. Nazi emissaries settled in hotels and inns - "transit points" for their leaders. In parallel, there were secret negotiations with the allies. For gold and technology of the Third Reich, they allegedly agreed to leave Hitler and his henchmen alone.

At the end of April 1945, Operation Seraglio began. From the burning Berlin, which was occupied by Soviet troops with battles, several planes escaped - the top Nazi Germany transported to Spain, under the wing of "friend Franco". From there, the submarines headed for Caleta de los Loros in Argentina.

The author claims that in the area where Hitler came ashore, at a depth of 30 meters under a layer of sand and silt, three submarines were found, about which there is not a word in the archival documents of the Argentine military. This is how it started new life Nazi leader in Latin America.

He lived until 1964

The fugitives followed a long-established route. They were received in the homes of people known for their links with the Nazis and close to the Argentine dictator Juan Peron. With some of them, such as the Eickhorn family, Hitler maintained relations until his death. Basti cites the testimony of a servant girl from their estate, who herself saw "cousin", as her masters called the Nazi leader.

More and more documentary evidence is emerging, shedding light on one of the mysterious riddles XX century

The gardener of the Eichhorns, who worked for the FBI, also reported about the stay of the leader of the Third Reich in Argentina. His recently declassified report was found by the author of the book in the archives of this organization.

According to Basti, Hitler not only survived until 1964, but also acquired offspring. Allegedly, there are photographs of him, Eva Braun and their children, which, according to the official version, the German Fuhrer did not have and could not have. However, the owners of unique shots "are not yet ready to publish them."

Last days the dictator was already living in Paraguay, the head of which did not particularly hide his sympathies for the Third Reich. He died in the arms of his wife, surrounded by children, without answering for his atrocities. But the author speaks very vaguely about the place of Hitler's burial and where his family lives. Apparently, this is the material for a new sensational book.

AiF cites an interview with writer Abel Basti:

On April 30, 1945, at 4:30 p.m. (that is, an hour after the alleged suicide), Hitler was seen next to his personal Ju-52 aircraft.

Bestseller "Hitler in Argentina"
After conducting research, interviewing dozens of witnesses, publishing documents declassified by the FBI, Basti wants to prove that Hitler could hide in South America and live there to old age. How well he did it - let the readers judge.
- SENIOR Basti, in your book you claim that on April 30, 1945, Hitler managed to escape from Berlin by plane. How could he do this, if by that time the airfields were destroyed, and the Allies controlled the sky?

My book contains previously classified evidence from the FBI archives that on April 30 at 16:30 (that is, one hour after the alleged suicide), Hitler was seen next to his personal Ju-52 aircraft.

At night, throughout the last week of April, the air transport of the Fuhrer's confidants landed on Unter den Linden Avenue, where street lighting poles were preserved. For example, Reichsminister Speer left the Fuhrerbunker on the 20th, and three days later he calmly returned on the Fieseler-Storch plane.

As you can see, the allied air defense did not interfere with him. On April 25, a secret meeting was held in the Führerbunker to evacuate Hitler, in which the female pilot Hanna Reitsch, the famous pilot Hans Ulrich Rudel and Hitler's personal pilot Hans Baur participated. secret plan the safe movement of the Fuhrer from the besieged capital of the Third Reich received the code name "Operation Seraglio".

And who, in your opinion, carried out the evacuation of Hitler?

Two days later, five Storch aircraft arrived in Berlin (each with seats for ten passengers), on April 28 the same Ju-52, piloted by the pilot Bosser, flew in - this was officially confirmed by Allied intelligence.

A day later, on the orders of General Adolf Galland, the last forces of the German Air Force were unexpectedly raised into the air over the capital of the Reich - a whole hundred Me-262 jet fighters. They covered the plane of Hanna Reitsch: she managed to break through the fire of Soviet anti-aircraft guns and fly away from Berlin - it was an experimental flight, and the fact of its conduct by none of the historians is disputed.

Perhaps, having put on make-up, Hitler managed to leave the burning Berlin (the photomontage was made by the FBI in 1945).

The next day, according to the scenario already tested by Frau Reitsch, Adolf Hitler also left Berlin - he was heading to Spain, from where at the end of summer he sailed on a submarine to Argentina. He was accompanied by Eva Braun, Müller and Bormann.

Okay, but what about fragments of Hitler's jaw, which are stored in Moscow in the archives of the FSB? Studies by both Soviet and independent experts unanimously confirmed that it belonged to the Fuhrer. What then happens - Hitler was torn off part of his jaw, but he still fled?

Experts had only the opportunity to compare this charred jaw with X-rays of that era, which were of terrible quality, and with the testimony of Hitler's personal dentist - and he could say anything.

If you know, no DNA testing has ever been done: Russia systematically refuses to allow such testing. Meanwhile, this is the only way to find out the truth: one should compare DNA samples that can be obtained from the remains of Adolf Hitler's sister, Paula, who died in 1960 and was buried in the Bergfriedhof cemetery.

The grave of the Fuhrer's sister - Paula Hitler

I officially apply to Russian authorities requesting that I be allowed to examine this jaw in order to obtain definitive proof that I am telling the truth.

You know, people love conspiracy theories. So many years talking about mysterious disappearance"Nazi number two" - Martin Bormann, who disappeared from Berlin on May 1, 1945. A lot of people swore that they saw him in South America with their own eyes and could not be mistaken. But in 1972, when digging a pit in Berlin, a skeleton was found, and a double DNA study showed that these were Bormann's bones ...

What's funny is that both are right here. Martin Bormann really escaped, lived in Argentina and Paraguay: I found a lot of evidence of this, including documentary ones - especially a photo of Bormann taken in the fifties. Therefore, it is quite possible that when Bormann died of natural causes, his remains were secretly transported to Berlin, after which they played a show with their "find".

AGAIN: in your book you write that Hitler and Eva Braun, along with an extensive retinue and guards, arrived in Argentina in three submarines, which were then flooded in the bay for the purpose of conspiracy. Indeed, in the place you indicated, at a depth of about 30 meters under water, with the help of special equipment, teams of divers discovered large objects covered with sand. But where is the evidence that these are Nazi submarines?

I relied on the testimony of witnesses who, after the war, observed the arrival of three submarines with a swastika in the tiny bay of Caleta de los Loros, located in the Argentine province of Rio Negro. You will say: Argentina has been formally at war with Germany since March 27, 1945 - maybe these are traces of past naval battles?

However, in the archives of the Argentine Ministry of Defense there is not a single word about the sinking of any German submarines. Then where did these sunken ships lying on the ground come from? I submitted a request that the submarines be brought to the surface and thoroughly examined.

Passenger list approved on 20 April 1945 from Berlin to Barcelona. The first is Hitler, the name of Goebbels, his wife and children is crossed out.

German submarines sailed to Argentina several times after the war - for example, the submarine U-977 arrived in the country on August 17, 1945: it is assumed that its commander, Heinz Schaeffer, was transporting gold and other valuables of the Third Reich.

You have released a US FBI document that casts serious doubt on the official version of Adolf Hitler's death. This paper, dated November 13, 1945, contains a report from an American agent in Argentina who works as a gardener for the wealthy German colonists, the Eickhorns. The agent reports that the couple, who live in the village of La Falda, have been preparing the estate since June for the arrival of Hitler, which will take place in the very near future. Is this document real?

This is a very strange question, because I legally obtained this document after it was declassified from the FBI archive: dossier number 65-53615. And it's far from the only one. documentary evidence Hitler's flight.

There are several more secret reports from the FBI, CIA and MI5 about the living Fuhrer - but, unfortunately, the United States, Britain and Russia have not yet fully declassified all materials related to this topic. For example, there are three verbatim records of a conversation between Joseph Stalin (one of them with US Secretary of State Byrnes) - where the leader of the USSR openly says that the Fuhrer managed to escape.

In fifteen years I have conducted hundreds of interviews with direct witnesses to Hitler's presence in Argentina. Most of them began to speak only now - many Nazis in Argentina have died, they have nothing to fear, although not everyone is still making contact. A letter from the Nazi General Seydlitz, dated 1956, has also been preserved - he reports that he is going to attend a meeting in Argentina between Hitler and the Croatian "Fuhrer" Pavelić.

You often refer to the testimony of witnesses. But how, in this case, to treat the words of other witnesses - who saw Hitler dead and buried his corpse?

There is not a single person who would have seen with his own eyes how Hitler bit through an ampoule of poison and shot himself in the head. The story of the Fuhrer's suicide was invented from beginning to end by people from his inner circle - it was a special plan to confuse everyone.

But even at first glance, there are several contradictions in the testimony of eyewitnesses to Hitler's death, if you study archival documents. First said - he was poisoned. Then - no, shot in the temple. After - sorry, first he poisoned himself, and then he shot himself.

Potassium cyanide causes instant death and convulsions: how then did a person pull the trigger of a gun?
"Hitler died in ... 1964," claims the author of the scandalous bestseller

The writer is sure that the Reich Chancellor and his wife fled from Berlin on the day when they announced his suicide.

On March 19, 1945, Hitler issued an order called "Plan Nero". It meant the destruction on the territory of the Reich of strategic objects, food depots, cultural values. The continued existence of the German nation was called into question.

Death sentence of the nation

On March 15, 1945, the Reich Minister Steer handed Hitler a report entitled "The economic situation in March-April 1945 and its consequences", in which he succinctly described what actions must be taken to ensure, "albeit in a primitive form", the life base for the people. On March 19, the "answer" to Steer's note was the Fuhrer's order, codenamed "Nero", which would later go down in history as Hitler's most unpopular plan among his compatriots. "Nero" signed the death sentence to the people: "All military installations, transport, communications, industry and supplies, food depots, as well as material values ​​​​in the territory of the Reich must be destroyed." The failed plan that Hitler at the beginning of the war was going to implement in Moscow and Leningrad (the so-called "scorched earth" tactics), he decided to apply to Germany. His biographers say that at that time he himself had already decided his fate and no longer saw the point in supporting the German people: “If the war is lost, the nation will also perish. This is her inevitable fate. There is no need to deal with the basis that a people will need to continue the most primitive existence. These words of the Fuhrer were recorded from the words of Steer during the trial of the Nazis.

In the footsteps of Nero

The name of the plan was not chosen by chance. In it, Hitler likened himself to the famous Roman theater tyrant Nero, who in 64 ordered Rome to be set on fire. By the way, not because of strategic motives, but to make his debut as a tragic actor. Suetonius in his writings said that Nero, who was watching the conflagration in the capital, was dressed in a theatrical costume, played the lyre and recited a poem about the fall of Troy of his own composition. The fact that Hitler had a special passion for sonorous names is not a secret, but why did he take the image of Nero as a basis? Arson in Germany, which Soviet soldiers are accused of, also raises questions. As you know, the main version of the fire of Rome in 64 says that the arson was committed by order of the emperor, who was going to rebuild the eternal city according to his idea of ​​the "artist". Christians were blamed for the arson. The parallel suggests itself. But let's leave behind personal parallels and recall the famous work of Erich Fromm: "Adolf Hitler: a clinical case of necrophilia", where the sociologist gives an example of individuals with special character traits and psychological problems that give rise to tyrants. According to this work, the traits of Hitler and Nero are identical in almost every detail.

Destruction of the people

At the Nuremberg trials, Albert Speer noted that if all the other orders of Hitler and Bormann had been carried out, the millions of Germans who had survived by that time would certainly have died. Indeed, all the last orders of Hitler and his associates were aimed at the destruction of the nation. An addition to the Nero plan was the decree of Martin Bormann of March 23, which ordered the entire population from the West and East of Germany, including foreign workers and prisoners of war, to concentrate in the center of the Reich. At first glance, under the conditions of Nero, the decree seems quite logical - to destroy all food in the border and front-line areas, and to provide its own population in a single territory, concentrating all supplies there. However, the "Wanderers" were not provided with food or necessities. The resettlement itself was arranged in such a way that it did not allow you to take anything with you. “The result of all this could be a terrible famine, the consequences of which are hard to imagine,” Speer reported.

Speer party

The execution of the Nero plan and the scorched earth tactics was entrusted to the Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production, Albert Speer, Hitler's personal architect, who, according to the plans of 1941, was supposed to create the new kind Germany. By the end of the war, he had become disillusioned with the Fuhrer's policies and, in fact, led his own policy aimed at saving the cities and inhabitants of Germany as much as possible. He showed this with his already mentioned "economic situation", in which he proposed concrete ways to raise the life of the people to a low, but sufficient level.
It is not surprising that the Führer's order to organize the destruction of Germany irrevocably drove Speer away from Hitler. In his response letter, he wrote to the Fuhrer: “I am an artist, and therefore the task assigned to me turned out to be completely alien and difficult for me. I have done a lot for Germany. However, in the evening you turned to me with words, from which, if I understood you correctly, it clearly and unequivocally followed: if the war is lost, let the people die too! This fate, you said, is inevitable. There is nothing to reckon with those foundations that the people need for their most primitive future life. On the contrary, they say, it is better to destroy them ourselves. After all, the people have shown themselves to be weaker, and therefore the future belongs exclusively to the stronger people of the East. I can no longer believe in the success of our good deed if, at the same time, at this decisive moment, we are systematically destroying the foundation of our people's life.
Albert Speer was one of the few close associates of Hitler who got to the Nuremberg trials alive and voluntarily admitted his guilt. Information about the "plan of Nero" was received from him.

forged document

The Nero plan and the scorched earth doctrine came to the public thanks to Albert Speer. He spoke about many details of the latest directives of the Reichstag in his “Memoirs” and the work “The Third Reich from the inside. Memoirs of the Reich Minister of War Industry”, where he portrayed himself as an apolitical intellectual who knew almost nothing about the crimes of the regime and only “did his duty.” A similar position of Albert, which manifested itself even at the Nuremberg trials, became one of the reasons that gave rise to the theory that the Nero plan was a fiction, an invention of Speer for his own justification, his hope of avoiding the death penalty. By the way, highest degree Speer's sentence was commuted to twenty years' imprisonment. However, the question of the forgery of the document is debatable, since the analysis of the source, which this moment stored in the archives of the Nuremberg Trials, no falsification was revealed.

This beautiful Paris

The Nero plan was not Hitler's first attempt to destroy what belonged to him, and most importantly, what he loved. Shortly after the liberation of Paris from the German occupation, he ordered to mine most of the strategic and symbolic objects of Paris, including the Eiffel Tower.
Adolf Hitler's first trip to Paris took place on June 23, 1940 after the occupation: “To see Paris was the dream of my whole life. I can’t express how happy I am that this dream came true today! The Louvre, Versailles and, finally, the Les Invalides, where Napoleon, who was so revered by Hitler, was buried - all this should have been destroyed according to the principle "So don't get you to anyone." “The city must not fall to the enemy, except perhaps in ruins,” Hitler declared on August 9, 1944.
Nevertheless, Paris was lucky. Dietrich von Scholtz, who had been the head of Paris since August 7, 1944, refused to obey Hitler's order and capitulated, for which he went down in history as a kind of "savior of Paris."

Treasure hunters

Nero's plan also meant the destruction of all cultural property in the territory of the Reich, including numerous stolen art collections taken from all occupied territories. This decree logically gave rise to a whole movement of "treasure hunters" (Monuments Men), who, unlike looters, were representatives of the cultural intelligentsia - museum workers, art historians, historians, archivists. The group was formed at the initiative of Roosevelt and General american army David Eisenhower. They were not only engaged in the restoration and return of valuables to the owner countries, but also worked in the military-diplomatic field, negotiating with bombers (mostly allied) on the preservation of cultural sites.

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