Kim in Literature. From the literature of the late XIX - early XX century
Purpose demo version in literature is to enable any USE participant and the general public to get an idea of the structure of future KIM, the number of tasks, their form and level of complexity.
The given criteria for evaluating the performance of tasks with a detailed answer, included in this option, give an idea of the requirements for the completeness and correctness of writing a detailed answer.
Demo version of the exam in literature 2018 with answers and criteria
| Task variant + answers | Download demo 2018 |
| Specification | demo variant literatura ege |
| Codifier | codifier |
Changes in KIM USE 2018 in literature compared to 2017
Improved and aligned with OGE criteria evaluation of detailed answers. Simplified algorithm of actions of the expert when evaluating detailed answers of different types; greater transparency in the formation of marks for individual tasks and work as a whole (for an expert and an examinee) was ensured. The changes are aimed at increasing the objectivity of assessing the examination work and at strengthening the continuity between the forms of final control at different levels. school education. Strengthened control over the quality of speech of the examinee (speech is assessed in response to all tasks).
The requirements for performing comparative tasks 9 and 16 have been clarified: in the instructions for them there is no requirement to justify the choice of an example for comparison, which is reflected in the criteria for their assessment.
The fourth task has been introduced in part 2 (the themes of essays vary taking into account the genre and generic diversity of literary material and the literary era).
The maximum score for the entire work has been increased from 42 to 57 points. The procedure for appointing 3 experts has been clarified.
Instructions for work and individual tasks have been improved (they more fully, consistently and clearly reflect the requirements of the criteria, give a clear idea of what actions and in what logic the examinee should perform).
The duration of the exam 2018 in literature
The duration of the exam in literature is 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes).
Structure of KIM USE
In the examination work, two parts are distinguished and continuous numbering of tasks is adopted. KIM includes 17 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.
In part 1, it is proposed to complete tasks containing questions for the analysis of literary works. The ability of graduates to determine the main elements of the content and artistic structure of the studied works (themes and problems, heroes and events, artistic techniques, various types of paths, etc.), as well as to consider specific literary works in relation to course material.
Part 2 of the work requires participants USE writing full-length extended essay on literary theme. Thus, one more meaningful component of the course being checked is added to the literary material worked out in part 1. The graduate is offered 4 topics.
The graduate chooses only one of the proposed topics and writes an essay on it, substantiating his judgments by referring to the work (from memory). Writing an essay requires a great measure of cognitive independence and is most consistent with the specifics of literature as an art form and academic discipline which sets as its goals the formation of a qualified reader with a developed aesthetic taste and a need for spiritual, moral and cultural development.
The exam in literature in 2018 is an elective subject. Not every graduate chooses this exam - basically, only those guys who in the future want to connect their lives with philology, linguistics, journalism and other humanities where knowledge of literature is required. The complexity of this exam is due to the fact that the student needs to prepare very seriously and a lot, read a large number of works of Russian literature, both lyrical and prose.
By no means all the guys have time to master such a volume of information in a year, since a meaningful reading of large novels takes an extremely long time. Therefore, in order to successfully pass the exam in literature in the 11th grade, it is necessary to start preparing in a timely manner - preferably not in a year, but at least from the 10th grade, while regularly referring to the theoretical base and returning to previously read works. Let's see how the preparation for the exam in literature in 2018 can take place.
At the Hodograph Training Center you will find qualified tutors for preparing for the OGE in literature for students, and. We practice individual and collective classes for 3-4 people, we provide discounts for training. Our students average 30 points more!
Literature Unified State Examination 2018 - preparation from scratch
If you decide to take the exam in literature, but do not know how to start preparing, then we will give some advice. To begin with, you need to develop a good theoretical base, that is, read all the necessary works and familiarize yourself with the basic concepts from the theory and history of literature. Look through the codifier on this subject (it is presented on the FIPI website or in the corresponding article on our portal), mark those works that you have already read, and those concepts from the theory that you fully own. Then start reading the works.
We advise you not to “rush” from one author to another, but to read sequentially so that you can trace the changes in the works within a particular period of history. You can "dilute" large prose works poems: for example, you decided to read the novel “A Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov, then you can read 50-60 pages a day (or, for example, 1 chapter), and after that another 1-2 program poems. So you save time and diversify your preparation.
As for historical and literary information, you can keep a separate notebook where you will write down terms and definitions: for example, what is an artistic image, what is the difference between the form and content of a work, why plot and plot are not the same, etc.
Also, for clarity, draw up diagrams and tables: varieties of genres of literature, what are their features and what examples of works can be cited; why the main means of artistic expression can be divided into lexical (tropes) and syntactic (figures of speech); what are the poetic meters in the syllabic-tonic system of versification, etc. Such notes will help you “sort your thoughts into pieces” and clearly structure a continuous set of terms. Try to start and you will get involved, it is actually a very exciting process!
USE literature - preparation for tasks with a short answer
Having gained a good theoretical base, you can start practicing - namely, tasks with a short answer (tasks 1–7 and 10–14), where answers are written either as a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. Let's analyze the specifics of each of the tasks:
In tasks 1 and 10, you need to indicate the literary trend / direction in which the cited work was written, or its genre. Understand and learn the difference between classicism, realism, futurism, etc.
In tasks 2 and 11, as a rule, it is required to indicate the artistic device used in a certain sentence (line) of the passage: it can be an anaphora, hyperbole, antithesis, metaphor. Glossary of terms to help you: learn and find means of artistic expression in all kinds of texts!
Tasks 5-7, sometimes 11-13 may have a “mirror” form: you may be asked to write down a word or phrase that is one or another means of expression (for example, “Write out an epithet”; “Write out the line number in which there is a metaphor”, etc. .d.). The preparation is exactly the same: we learn the terms and train to find them.
Task 4 in the exam in literature, as a rule, tests knowledge of the content of the work presented in the first block of tasks: it is necessary to compare the character and his characteristics / further fate / role in the work. There is only one way to prepare: read the work and simply memorize its characters.
In task 14, you need to indicate the meter in which the presented lyrical work is written. Here it is necessary to know by heart the system of syllabic-tonic versification, and not just be able to “distinguish iambic from chorea”, but also dactyl from amphibrach and anapaest, and it would also be nice to understand what spondeus and pyrrhic are. Do not be afraid of these terms - it is worth understanding them, and you can easily learn how to determine any poetic size.
Thus, tasks 1-7, 10-16 imply knowledge of basic concepts from the theory and history of literature.
USE Literature -
preparation for tasks with a detailed answer
Now let's look at how to prepare for tasks with a detailed answer. First of all, you should start with training mini-essays in the amount of 5–10 sentences (tasks 8,9,15,16). As a rule, tasks 8 and 15 relate directly to the prose or lyric work (or its passage) given in the KIM, for example, “What character traits of the hero can be judged by the given episode?” or "What is the inconsistency of the poet's attitude towards Russia in this poem?".
Here you need to directly and as concisely as possible answer the question posed, without “water” and “without spreading thoughts along the tree”, arguing your answer with a citation - just imagine that your friend asked you this question and you answer him. Tasks 9 and 16 involve comparing the given text with works similar in subject matter and substantiating the similarity (as a rule, prose is compared with prose, poetry with poetry).
The task sounds something like this: “In which works of Russian classics does the theme public service, military or civilian, and in what way these works can be compared with " Captain's daughter» A.S. Pushkin? or “In what works of Russian poets is the image of Russia created and what are its similarities and differences in these works
and a poem by A.A. Block? Here it is already necessary to demonstrate knowledge of other works, the ability to compare different texts and the ability to argue your point of view.
Literature Unified State Examination - preparation for writing
As for the essay from assignment 17 in the Unified State Examination in Literature 2018, here it is already necessary to rely on both theory and direct knowledge of a particular work, its plot and characters, and features of the composition. The task may sound, for example, like this: “What role did Sonya Marmeladova play in the fate of Rodion Raskolnikov?”.
There is only one way to prepare: to write as many essays as possible. When writing, you need to rely on the author's position and formulate your point of view, and then argue your theses based on literary works (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least three poems). Also, do not forget to use literary-theoretical concepts to analyze the work (the same ones that you wrote out in a separate notebook).
Pay special attention to the composition of the essay - it should have an introduction, body and conclusion. Thoughts should be presented in a coherent and logical sequence, in compliance with the norms of speech. The volume of the essay is not so big - at least 200 words. Similar tasks are similar to ordinary school essays, with the only difference that you will not be able to use cheat sheets and the Internet - but you don’t need them, do you?
Practice solving as many typical options as possible, look at different options and task formulations, write essays (and keep track of how long it takes you to do it) - this is how you develop your own algorithm for writing answers and develop your own style of reasoning. Good luck on your exam!
Starting from the new academic year 2017-2018, changes have been made to the system for passing the Unified State Exam in our country in several subjects. Rumors about the upcoming changes have been circulating for a long time. On the eve of the Minister of Education and Science Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva confirmed this information. According to her, the changes will affect a number of subjects, including Unified State Examination in Literature 2018. School graduates will take the exam differently next year.
The innovations developed by FIPI (Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements) will radically change the very model of conducting final tests for schoolchildren. It is planned that now the exam will consist only of creative tasks. Model tests will be abolished.
Whether this will improve the quality of the check, time will tell. Teachers, the eleventh-graders themselves and their parents have already begun to thoroughly prepare for the exams in literature today. What are the changes in passing the exam in Literature are waiting for graduates?
FIPI presented their official list:
- The requirement to justify the choice of an example for comparison was cancelled.
- A fourth was added to the three previous themes of the essay.
- The criteria for assessing the performance of tasks with a detailed answer have undergone strong changes.
- Immediately by 15 points (from 42 to 57 points) the maximum for the entire work increased.
Testing with one short answer, on which schoolchildren, especially three-year-olds, so often left, was canceled. Thus, there will be no chance to earn points on tests. According to the developers, such innovations are fully justified. Indeed, because of its simplicity and monosyllabism, the answer could be guessed.
With the help of tests of this type (there are 12 such questions in the current exam), knowledge of terminology in literary criticism was tested. In addition, experts believe that such testing is unnecessary. Since in a detailed written response, it is already necessary to operate with terms. And this is enough to test basic knowledge. Now, in order to successfully pass the unified state exam in literature, the guys will have to work hard.
Starting from 2018, assignments in literature will be aimed at testing graduates to present their thoughts beautifully and competently, to be able to reason based on the works they have read. Many tasks are related to the development of oral speech in schoolchildren and their vocabulary.
Increase in the number of optional tasks
Graduates will still be able to choose assignments for composition from the proposed options. If before there were only three tasks, now the list has increased to four. Thus, the choice has expanded, and the student can stop at an interesting question to answer the work.
Recall that earlier literature of three periods was proposed for the topic of the essay:
- from Old Russian to literature of the first half of the 19th century;
- second half of the 19th century;
- Russian literature of the XX century.
In 2018, the developers added works late XIX- the beginning of the 21st century. Now the "latest" literature of our state is also included. This also includes works that have been born in the last ten years. The addition of the fourth topic of the essay is the most important innovation in the literature exam
The fact that the topics for essays were works of the post-Soviet period does not mean at all that graduates should read any specific authors (there are no mandatory names on the list). This innovation will allow the examiner, on the material of literary works of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, to reveal a given topic of his choice.
The volume of writing will grow
As for the minimum length of a detailed essay, it has become larger. This year it was enough to use 200 words in your answer. Next year, the number will increase by 50 to 250 words.
The requirements for mini-essays have changed. They have become clearer and more specific. If earlier it was necessary to write a text 5-10 sentences long. And, as you know, sentences are also short, from three words, for example.
They are also complex, using a large number of revolutions and introductory words. Now everything has become very clear. The length of the mini-story should be at least 50 words. This applies to any tasks related to both text analysis and comparative and contrast tasks.
Simplifying Matching Jobs
Next year, it was proposed to simplify tasks for comparison as much as possible. To show their reading outlook, graduates had to compare the text using two works. Now, one will be enough to justify your choice.
Evaluation criteria are specified
Experts have been thinking for a long time about the question of how to assess students' knowledge in full and as objectively as possible. After all, now there are no tasks with short answers that made the knowledge test automatic.
From 2018 for graduates criteria USE assessment proposed to be tightened. It is clarified that in addition to testing, which takes into account knowledge of terminology, the task should include five essays on selected topics
According to the developers, now single exam will be as close as possible to the traditional delivery option school exam. Perhaps, over time, the unified state exam will be completely canceled.
Specialists involved in the development of a new model of the Unified State Examination in Literature continue to work on a system for assessing knowledge in this subject. They hold meetings, voice problematic issues, express opinions, try to find optimal solutions.
The new exam in literature has already been launched
Trial (experimental) exam in literature with some changes, which in this moment already officially approved, was held for the first time in the academic year (2015-2016) in 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. More than 1000 students from 60 educational institutions took part in it.
It is worth noting that 94% of teachers of literature are the results of an experiment on the introduction of a new model conducting the exam satisfied on this subject. In their opinion, today this option for conducting the exam allows you to fully give an objective assessment of the knowledge of students.
But graduates need not worry. The updated exam is practically no different from the tests of previous years. Yes, and it is unlikely that the state exam in literature will become more difficult. It will not cause any difficulties for graduates.
Already on the Internet, developers have published demo version of the exam Literature 2018 with answers and criteria. Future graduates, parents, teachers and all interested persons can familiarize themselves with the demo version and understand the structure of control and measuring materials, the number of tasks, their form and level of complexity. This gives general idea about the requirements that will be presented to the answers to the exam in literature.
Video news
Codifier- this is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions necessary for successful delivery final exam on literature. This guideline for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI so that we narrow down our searches and focus on the information that will definitely come in handy at X-hour. This list contains the main elements that make up literary criticism, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed for a competent and in-depth analysis of books. It is the analysis skill that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what they have read.
What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works for the exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that pass at school will be needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult) of them made the list. Therefore, the stage of preparation devoted to "rereading" will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature was passed quite recently and has not yet had time to forget. Thus, a graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and generally accepted guide to self-preparation.
It is worth noting that not the most complex books. For example, Doctor Zhivago, which is not loved by everyone, is extremely rare in variants, since its study in the codifier of works is called “survey”, that is, there will be no full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov's prose, a student may prefer either The Master and Margarita or The White Guard. It is not necessary to read both novels, it is enough to choose a simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the exam in literature is very useful information for those who want to minimize the time spent on preparation.
| The code | Content elements checked by the tasks of KIM USE |
|---|---|
| 1 |
Information on the theory and history of literature |
| 1.1 | Fiction as the art of the word. |
| 1.2 | Folklore. genres of folklore. |
| 1.3 | Artistic image. Artistic time and space. |
| 1.4 | Content and form. Poetics. |
| 1.5 | The author's idea and its implementation. Artistic invention. Fiction. |
| 1.6 | Historical and literary process. Lit. directions and currents: classicism, sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, modernism (symbolism, acmeism, futurism), postmodernism. |
| 1.7 | Literary genera: epic, lyric, liroepos, drama. Literary genres: novel, epic novel, story, short story, essay, parable; poem, ballad; lyric poem, song, elegy, epistle, epigram, ode, sonnet; comedy, tragedy, drama. |
| 1.8 | Author's position. Topic. Idea. Issues. Plot. Composition. Epigraph. Antithesis. Stages of action development: exposition, plot, climax, denouement, epilogue. Lyrical digression. Conflict. Author-narrator. Author image. Character. Interior. Character. Type of. Lyrical hero. Image system. Portrait. Landscape. Speaking last name. Remark. "Eternal Themes" and "Eternal Images" in Literature. Pathos. Plot. Speech characteristics of the hero: dialogue, monologue; inner speech. Tale. |
| 1.9 | Detail. Symbol. Subtext. |
| 1.10 | Psychologism. Nationality. Historicism. |
| 1.11 | Tragic and comic. Satire, humor, irony, sarcasm. Grotesque. |
| 1.12 | The language of a work of art. Rhetorical question, exclamation. Aphorism. Inversion. Repeat. Anaphora. Figurative and expressive means in a work of art: comparison, epithet, metaphor (including personification), metonymy. Hyperbola. Allegory. Oxymoron. Sound writing: alliteration, assonance. |
| 1.13 | Style. |
| 1.14 | Prose and poetry. Systems of versification. Poetic dimensions: trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrach, anapaest. Rhythm. Rhyme. Stanza. Dolnik. Accent verse. Blank verse. Vers libre. |
| 1.15 | Literary criticism. |
| 2 |
From ancient Russian literature |
| 2.1 | "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" |
| 3 |
From the literature of the XVIII century. |
| 3.1 | DI. Fonvizin. The play "Undergrowth". |
| 3.2 | G.R. Derzhavin. The poem "Monument". |
| 4 |
From the literature of the first half of the XIX century. |
| 4.1 | V.A. Zhukovsky. The poem "Sea". |
| 4.2 | V.A. Zhukovsky. Ballad "Svetlana". |
| 4.3 | A.S. Griboyedov. The play "Woe from Wit". |
| 4.4 | A.S. Pushkin. Poems: “Village”, “Prisoner”, “In the depths of Siberian ores ...”, “Poet”, “To Chaadaev”, “Song of the prophetic Oleg”, “To the sea”, “Nanny”, “K ***” ( "I remember wonderful moment…”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson dress ...”), “Prophet”, “Winter Road”, “Anchar”, “Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ...”, “I loved you: love still, perhaps…”, “Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation of a bookseller with a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands…”, “The daylight went out…”, “Freedom sower desert…”, “Imitations Koran” (IX. “And the tired traveler murmured at God…”) “Elegy”, (“Crazy years faded fun…”), “…I visited again…”. |
| 4.5 | A.S. Pushkin. The novel The Captain's Daughter. |
| 4.6 | A.S. Pushkin. Poem "The Bronze Horseman". |
| 4.7 | A.S. Pushkin. The novel "Eugene Onegin". |
| 4.8 | M.Yu. Lermontov. Poems: “No, I am not Byron, I am different ...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask ...”, “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing Niva…”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with a golden finish…”), “Three palm trees”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life…”), “And boring and sad”, “No, I don’t love you so passionately ...”, “Motherland”, “Dream” (“In afternoon heat in the valley of Dagestan ... "), "Prophet", "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...", "Valerik", "I go out alone on the road ...". |
| 4.9 | M.Yu. Lermontov. The poem "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov." |
| 4.10 | M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Mtsyri". |
| 4.11 | M.Yu. Lermontov. The novel "A Hero of Our Time". |
| 4.12 | N.V. Gogol. The play "Inspector". |
| 4.13 | N.V. Gogol. The story "Overcoat". |
| 4.14 | N.V. Gogol. Poem "Dead Souls" |
| 5 |
From the literature of the second half of the XIX century. |
| 5.1 | A.N. Ostrovsky. The play "Thunderstorm". |
| 5.2 | I.S. Turgenev. The novel "Fathers and Sons". |
| 5.3 | F.I. Tyutchev. Poems: “Noon”, “There is a melodiousness in the sea waves ...”, “The kite has risen from the clearing ...”, “There is in the initial autumn ...”, “Silentium!”, “Not what you think, nature ...”, “Mind Russia cannot be understood…”, “Oh, how deadly we love…”, “We cannot predict…”, “K. B." (“I met you - and all the past ...”), “Nature is a sphinx. And the more she returns ... ". |
| 5.4 | A.A. Fet. Poems: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth ...”, “With one push to drive away the living boat ...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...”, “This morning, this joy ...”, “Whisper, timid breathing…”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They lay ... "," Another May night ". |
| 5.5 | I.A. Goncharov. Roman Oblomov. |
| 5.6 | ON THE. Nekrasov. Poems: "Troika", "I do not like your irony ...", "Railway", "On the road", "Yesterday, at six o'clock ...", "We are with you stupid people…”, “Poet and Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let the changing fashion tell us…”), “Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ". |
| 5.7 | ON THE. Nekrasov. Poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia". |
| 5.8 | M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales: “The Tale of How One Man Feeded Two Generals”, “The Wild Landowner”, “The Wise Piskar”. |
| 5.9 | M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. The novel "History of one city" (survey study). |
| 5.10 | L.N. Tolstoy. The novel "War and Peace". |
| 5.11 | F.M. Dostoevsky. The novel Crime and Punishment. |
| 5.12 | N.S. Leskov. One work (at the choice of the examinee). |
| 6 |
From the literature of the late XIX - early XX century. |
| 6.1 | A.P. Chekhov. Stories: "Student", "Ionych", "Man in a Case", "Lady with a Dog", "Death of an Official", "Chameleon". |
| 6.2 | A.P. Chekhov. The play "The Cherry Orchard". |
| 7 |
From the literature of the first half of the 20th century. |
| 7.1 | I.A. Bunin. Stories: "The Gentleman from San Francisco", "Clean Monday". |
| 7.2 | M. Gorky. The story "Old Woman Izergil". |
| 7.3 | M. Gorky. The play "At the bottom". |
| 7.4 | A.A. Block. Poems: “Stranger”, “Russia”, “Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...”, “In a restaurant”, “The river spread. It flows, lazily sad ... ”(from the cycle“ On the Kulikovo Field ”),“ On railway”, “I enter dark temples ...”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory ...”, “Oh, I want to live crazy ...”. |
| 7.5 | A.A. Block. Poem "Twelve". |
| 7.6 | V.V. Mayakovsky. Poems: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervous”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Passed”, “Nate!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Gift Sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. |
| 7.7 | V.V. Mayakovsky. The poem "A Cloud in Pants" |
| 7.8 | S.A. Yesenin. Poems: "Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..", "Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes ...", "We are now leaving a little ...", "A letter to the mother", "The feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain…”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane…”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry…”, “Soviet Russia”, “The road thought about the red evening…”, “Hewn drogs sang…”, “Rus” , "Pushkin", "I'm going through the valley. Cap on the back of the head…”, “Low house with blue shutters…”. |
| 7.9 | M.I. Tsvetaeva. Poems: “To my poems written so early…”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in your hand…”), “Who is made of stone, who is made of clay…”, “Longing for the motherland! For a long time…”, “Books in red binding”, “Grandmother”, “Seven hills - like seven bells!..” (from the cycle “Poems about Moscow”). |
| 7.10 | O.E. Mandelstam. Poems: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. tight sails…”, “For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries…”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears…”. |
| 7.11 | A.A. Akhmatova. Poems: “Song of the last meeting”, “Closed hands under a dark veil ...”, “I don’t need odic ratis ...”, “I had a voice. He called consolingly…”, “Native land”, “Tearful autumn, like a widow…”, “Seaside sonnet”, “There are such days before spring…”, “I am not with those who left the land…”, “Poems about St. Petersburg ”, “Courage”. |
| 7.12 | A.A. Akhmatova. Poem "Requiem". |
| 7.13 | M.A. Sholokhov. The novel Quiet Don. |
| 7.14 | M.A. Sholokhov. The story of the fate of man. |
| 7.15A | M.A. Bulgakov. The novel "White Guard" (optional). |
| 7.15B | M.A. Bulgakov. The novel "Master and Margarita" (optional). |
| 7.16 | A.T. Tvardovsky. Poems: “The whole essence is in one single testament…”, “In memory of the mother” (“In the land where they were taken in a herd…”), “I know, no fault of mine…”. |
| 7.17 | A.T. Tvardovsky. The poem "Vasily Terkin" (chapters "Crossing", "Two Soldiers", "Duel", "Death and the Warrior"). |
| 7.18 | B.L. Parsnip. Poems: February. Get ink and cry! ..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to reach everything ...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter night” (“It is snowy, snowy all over the earth ...”), “There will be no one in the house ... ”,“ It is snowing ”,“ About these verses ”,“ To love others - heavy cross…”, “Pines”, “Hoarfrost”, “July”. |
| 7.19 | B.L. Parsnip. The novel "Doctor Zhivago" (overview study with analysis of fragments). |
| 7.20 | A.P. Platonov. One work (at the choice of the examinee). |
| 7.21 | A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "Matryona yard". |
| 7.22 | A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "One day of Ivan Denisovich". |
| 8 |
From the literature of the second half of the twentieth century. |
| 8.1 | Prose of the second half of the XX century. F. Abramov, Ch.T. Aitmatov, V.P. Astafiev, V.I. Belov, A.G. Bitov, V.V. Bykov, V.S. Grossman, S.D. Dovlatov, V.L. Kondratiev, V.P. Nekrasov, E.I. Nosov, V.G. Rasputin, V.F. Tendryakov, Yu.V. Trifonov, V.M. Shukshin (works by at least three authors of your choice). |
| 8.2 | Poetry of the second half of the XX century. B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky (poems by at least three authors of your choice). |
| 8.3 | Dramaturgy of the second half of the twentieth century. A.N. Arbuzov, A.V. Vampilov, A.M. Volodin, V.S. Rozov, M.M. Roshchin (work of one author by choice). |
Poems from the codifier
The program does not include many verses, which also facilitates the preparation process. All these poems are connected thematically. Therefore, their systematic reading guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where it is necessary, by analogy, to select similar works and tell what they have in common with the one given in the question. Of course, you don’t need to learn them by heart, but you can make thematic selections of poetic works for yourself and write out your impressions of each of them.
- V.A. Zhukovsky: "Sea", Ballad "Svetlana"
- A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: "Village", "Prisoner", "In the depths of the Siberian ores ...", "Poet", "To Chaadaev", "Song of the prophetic Oleg", "To the sea", "Nanny", "K ***" (“I remember a wonderful moment ...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson dress ...”), “Prophet”, “Winter road”, “Anchar”, “Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ...”, “I loved you: still love, perhaps ...”, “Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation of a bookseller with a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”, “The daylight went out ...”, “Freedom sower desert …”, “Imitation of the Quran” (IX. “And the tired traveler murmured at God…”) “Elegy”, (“Crazy years faded fun…”), “…I visited again…”. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
- M.Yu. Lermontov: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different ...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask ...”, “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing Niva…”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with a golden finish…”), “Three palm trees”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life…”), “And boring and sad”, “No, I don’t love you so passionately ...”, “Motherland”, “Dream” (“In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan ...”), “Prophet”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...”, “Valerik”, “I go out alone on the road…". The poem "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri".
- ON THE. Nekrasov: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony ...”, “Railway”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at five o’clock ...”, “We are stupid people ...”, “Poet and Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let the changeable fashion speak to us ...”), “Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ". Poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia".
- A.A. Fet: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth ...”, “With one push to drive away the living boat ...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...”, “This morning, this joy ...”, “Whisper, timid breathing …”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They lay ... "," Another May night ".
- A.A. Block: "Stranger", "Russia", "Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...", "In a restaurant", "The river spread. Flowing, sad lazily…” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo field”), “On the railroad”, “I enter dark temples…”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory…” , "Oh, I want to live insanely ...". Poem "Twelve"
- V.V. Mayakovsky: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Seated”, “Nate!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Gift Sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. Poem "Cloud in Pants"
- S.A. Yesenin: “Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..”, “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes ...”, “Now we are leaving a little ...”, “Letter to mother”, “Feeding is sleeping. Dear plain…”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane…”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry…”, “Soviet Russia”, “The road thought about the red evening…”, “Hewn drogs sang…”, “Rus” , "Pushkin", "I'm going through the valley. Cap on the back of the head…”, “Low house with blue shutters…”
- M.I. Tsvetaeva: “To my poems written so early…”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in your hand…”), “Who is made of stone, who is made of clay…”, “Longing for the motherland! For a long time ... ”,“ Books in red binding ”,“ Grandmother ”,“ Seven hills - like seven bells! .. ”(from the cycle“ Poems about Moscow ”)
- O.E. Mandelstam: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails…”, “For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries…”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears…”
- A.A. Akhmatova: “Song of the last meeting”, “She squeezed her hands under a dark veil ...”, “I don’t need anything
odic rati…”, “I had a voice. He called consolingly…”, “Native land”, “Tearful autumn, like a widow…”, “Seaside sonnet”, “There are such days before spring…”, “I am not with those who left the land…”, “Poems about St. Petersburg ”, “Courage”. Poem "Requiem". - B.L. Pasternak: February. Get ink and cry! ..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to reach everything ...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter night” (“It is snowy, snowy all over the earth ...”), “There will be no one in the house ... ”, “It is snowing”, “About these verses”, “To love others is a heavy cross ...”, “Pine trees”, “Hoarfrost”, “July”.
- Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky. Interesting? Save it on your wall!
Specification
control measuring materials
for holding the unified state exam in 2018
on literature
1. Appointment of KIM USE
The Unified State Examination (hereinafter referred to as the USE) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs middle general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measuring materials).
The USE is conducted in accordance with Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 “On Education in the Russian Federation”.
Control measuring materials allow to establish the level of development by graduates of the Federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) general education in literature, basic and profile levels.
The results of the unified state exam in literature are recognized educational organizations middle vocational education and educational organizations of higher
vocational education as results entrance examinations on literature.
2. Documents defining the content of KIM USE
The content of the examination work is determined on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard for secondary (complete) general education (Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated March 05, 2004 No. 1089). Some positions of this document are specified based on the Mandatory minimum content of basic general and secondary (complete) general education in literature, approved by orders of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated 19.05.1998 No. 1236 and dated 06.30.1999 No. 56 (justification is given in the explanatory note to the codifier of content elements and requirements for the level of training of graduates educational organizations for a unified
state exam in literature).
3. Approaches to the selection of content, the development of the structure of the KIM USE
The principles for selecting the content and developing the structure of the KIM USE in literature correspond to the goal of obtaining objective and reliable information about the readiness of a graduate to continue education in the humanities in organizations of secondary and higher professional education.
The long-term improvement of the KIM USE in literature went in the direction of finding the optimal structure of the examination work, creating a reliable system for evaluating it, ensuring the objectivity of the exam results. The number of tasks that test knowledge of private literary facts was reduced (in 2007 from examination model tasks with a choice of answers were withdrawn: the experiment showed their inefficiency, "foreignness" in relation to the literature); the number of tasks with a detailed answer related to moral issues increased works of art; a typology of tasks of different content orientation was developed; evaluation criteria were specified; the optimal ratio of tasks was determined various types in the structure of the examination paper, etc.
Each version of the KIM includes tasks that are different both in the form of presentation and in the level of complexity of the task, the fulfillment of which reveals the level of assimilation by the USE participants of the main elements of the content of various sections of the course, the degree of formation of subject competencies and general educational skills.
Thus, when passing the exam in literature, the examinee is required to activate the most significant types for the subject learning activities: analytical understanding of a literary text, its interpretation, searching for grounds for comparing literary phenomena and facts, writing a reasoned answer to a problematic question, etc.
4. The structure of KIM USE
In the examination work, two parts are distinguished and continuous numbering of tasks is adopted. KIM includes 17 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.
In part 1, it is proposed to complete tasks, including questions for the analysis of literary works. The ability of graduates to determine the main elements of the content and artistic structure of the studied works (themes and problems, characters and events, artistic techniques, various types of tropes, etc.), as well as to consider specific literary works in conjunction with the course material.
Part 1 includes two sets of tasks.
The first set of tasks refers to a fragment of an epic, or lyrical epic, or dramatic work: 7 tasks with a short answer (1-7), requiring the writing of a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers, and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences ( 8, 9).
The second set of tasks refers to a lyrical work: 5 tasks with a short answer (10-14) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (15.16).
The general structure of part 1 is subordinated to the task of a wide meaningful coverage of literary material. The literary texts offered for analysis make it possible to test not only the graduates' knowledge of specific works, but also the ability to analyze the text taking into account its genre: 2 tasks involve access to a wide literary context (substantiation of the connection of this literary text with other works according to the aspects of comparison indicated in the tasks ). Thus, relying on intra-subject connections of the studied course allows for additional coverage of the content of the literary material being checked.
Following the proposed algorithm of work allows the examinees to identify the place and role of the episode (sienna) in the overall structure of the work (analysis of the fragment), to reveal the plot and composition. figurative-thematic and stylistic features of the analyzed text, generalize their observations with access to the literary context.
Part 2 work requires USE participants to write a full-length detailed essay on a literary topic. Thus, one more meaningful component of the course being checked is added to the literary material worked out in part 1. The graduate is offered 4 topics (17.1-17.4).
The internal logic of the layout of a set of four themes is determined by several approaches. The themes of the essays cover the most important stages of the domestic historical and literary process and are formulated based on the works of ancient Russian literature, the classics of the 18th century, the literature of the 19th - 21st centuries (including the latest literature of the 1990s - 2000s). In a set of topics, different forms of presenting a task can be used: in the form of a question or a thesis (statement). Task topics 17.1-17.4 also differ in terms of wording. One of them may be of a literary nature (a literary concept comes to the fore). The other aims the examinee to reflect on the subject and problems of the work(s) of a particular author. The set may contain a topic that guides the examinee to create an essay close to reader's diary. However, it should not be regarded as "free", since it is strictly attached to a specific literary material and requires its analysis. Another option for task 17.1-17.4 is a topic close to a literary review. Addressing a topic of this type allows the examinee to freely choose the text and gives him the opportunity to show his reading interests.
The graduate chooses only one of the proposed topics and writes an essay on it, substantiating his judgments by referring to the work (from memory).
