In the afternoon heat in the valley. Analysis of the poem "Dream" by M.Yu. Lermontov. The most ancient farmers of Dagestan. Ancient cities of Dagestan

In the afternoon heat in the valley of Dagestan
With lead in my chest, I lay motionless;
A deep wound still smoking,
My blood dripped drop by drop.

I lay alone on the sand of the valley;
Ledges of rocks crowded around,
And the sun burned their yellow tops
And it burned me - but I slept like a dead sleep.

And I dreamed of shining lights
Evening feast in the native side.
Between young wives crowned with flowers,
There was a cheerful conversation about me.

But without entering into a cheerful conversation,
Sitting there alone thoughtfully
And in a sad dream her young soul
God knows what was immersed;

And she dreamed of the valley of Dagestan;
A familiar corpse lay in that valley;
In his chest, smoking, black wound,
And the blood was flowing in a cold stream.

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In the afternoon heat in the valley of Dagestan
With lead in my chest, I lay motionless;
The deep wound was still smoking;
My blood dripped drop by drop.
I lay alone on the sand of the valley;
Ledges of rocks crowded around,
And the sun burned their yellow tops
And it burned me - but I slept like a dead sleep.

And I dreamed of shining lights
Evening feast, in the native side.
Between young wives crowned with flowers,
There was a cheerful conversation about me.

But without entering into a cheerful conversation,
Sitting there alone thoughtfully
And in a sad dream her young soul
God knows what was immersed;

And she dreamed of the valley of Dagestan;
A familiar corpse lay in that valley;
In his chest, a wound blackened, smoking,
And the blood was flowing in a cold stream.

Analysis of the poem "Dream" by Lermontov

The poem "Dream" (1841) is one of Lermontov's last works. Many consider it an amazing prophecy about their own fate. The poet did not hide the fact that he deliberately sought death. This motif pervaded all his later work. The image of death, like a dream, can be inspired by Lermontov from one of the songs of the Grebensky Cossacks, in which he was interested in the Caucasus.

The author describes his death, which was a common occurrence in a continuous war. Eyewitnesses claim that in military clashes Lermontov showed reckless courage and literally climbed under enemy bullets himself. The war could not save the poet from painful loneliness. Feeling constant danger faded very soon. First impressions quickly lost all their freshness and sharpness. Lermontov again felt dissatisfied. It was aggravated by reflections on the meaning of the war. Most of the officers never thought about it, they only aspired to glory and victories. A lone romantic with lofty ideas turned out to be a stranger here too.

The author compares his death with a dead sleep. He has already said goodbye to the real world, in which he did not find understanding. But the soul of the poet was magically able to return to his homeland. Lermontov dreams that there are still people who remember him and have a “fun conversation” about him. But among all friends and relatives, it is more important for the poet to find out about the condition of the girl with whom he was in love until the end of his life. It is not exactly established who exactly Lermontov has in mind, most likely V. Lopukhin. The poet believes that his death will naturally resonate in a kindred soul. Despite the great distance, the beloved will feel his death. In the same mysterious dream, she will see the real appearance of the "familiar corpse."

Lermontov does not specifically indicate whose bullet will end his life. He does not describe battles with enemies either. Therefore, the poem "Dream" can indeed be regarded as a detailed prediction of one's own death. The strange behavior of the poet in a duel, when he simply raised the gun upside down and did not even fire, shrouded his death in a romantic halo. Even looking death in the eyes, Lermontov went against all the rules and died in splendid isolation.

This poem was written in a difficult period for the poet: a duel, the second reference to the Caucasus. After a certain period of time military service, Lermontov was left by a military doctor in Pyatigorsk for treatment. And when the poet's days were already numbered, when he was tormented by fatal forebodings, and he seemed to foresee death approaching him, he writes a few last poems. Such, for example, was the work "Dream".
It does not describe biographical events from the life of Lermontov, but tells about his moods in the language of poetic images. It is as if the author's gaze into his own destiny. But we can say with confidence that the main idea of ​​the work was main dream the author - finding spiritual harmony and true love.

DREAM
(In the afternoon heat in the valley of Dagestan)

In the afternoon heat in the valley of Dagestan
With lead in my chest, I lay motionless;
A deep wound still smoking
My blood dripped drop by drop.

I lay alone on the sand of the valley;
Ledges of rocks crowded around,
And the sun burned their yellow peaks
And it burned me - but I slept like a dead sleep.

And I dreamed of shining lights
Evening feast in the native side.
Between young wives crowned with flowers,
There was a funny conversation about me.

But without entering into a cheerful conversation,
Sitting there alone thoughtfully
And in a sad dream her young soul
God knows what was immersed;

And she dreamed of the valley of Dagestan;
A familiar corpse lay in that valley;
In his chest, a wound blackened, smoking,
And the blood poured out in a cold stream
1841

Read by V. Maratov

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov (October 3, 1814, Moscow - July 15, 1841, Pyatigorsk) - Russian poet, prose writer, playwright, artist. Lermontov's work, which successfully combines civic, philosophical and personal motives, responding to the urgent needs of the spiritual life of Russian society, marked a new flowering of Russian literature. It had a great influence on the most prominent Russian writers and poets of the 19th and XX centuries. Dramaturgy Lermontov had a huge impact on the development of theatrical art. Lermontov's works received a great response in painting, theater and cinema. His poems have become a real storehouse for opera, symphony and romance art, many of them have become folk songs.

"Dream" ("In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan...") "DREAM"(“In the afternoon heat in the valley of Dagestan ...”) (1841), verse. with novelistic a plot often found in L.’s later poems (“Testament”, “Neighbor”, “Neighbor”, “Prisoner”). "Dream" was written on behalf of a person who is on the verge of life and death, and this already largely determines the special mystery, ontological. mystery Lermont. verse., of this phenomenon Rus. poetry. The hero of the ballad has a dream about his own. death and in his dream - the dream of his beloved woman, who prophetically sees his death. And this dream is devoid of any surreal dream convention, it is extremely clear and specific - despite the fact that its content, like the verse. in general, deeply symbolic.

ill. S. V. Ivanova. Black watercolor. 1891.

The all-penetrating connection between the motives of love and death finds expression in a complex plot form, built on the principle of "generation" - one plot-psychol. the situation (the dream of the lyrical hero) gives rise to another (the dream of the woman he loves), or "investments" - the dream of one is "embedded", the dream of another is built in; cf. not identical, but similar in "Stans" ("I can not languish in my homeland"): "Yes, but if I do not forget / In this [mortal. - Red.] the dream of love is a sad dream...”. B. Eikhenbaum, exploring genre and composition. the originality of the "Dream", called its construction "mirror": "The dream of the hero and the dream of the heroine are, as it were, two mirrors, mutually reflecting the actual fate of each of them and returning their reflections to each other" [ Eichenbaum(7), p. 252); by definition V.S. Solovyov, this is “a dream in a cube”. Symbolic and composition. the complexity of the verse. contrasts with the emphasized simplicity of the poetic. stylistics, lack of metaphor. imagery: all used in the verse. epithets - general poetic or neutral. But the instrumentation of the verse, ext. rhymes, assonances and alliterations ("In ldn ev n th well ar in dol And n e Yes Gesta n a...le well al n e d in and well them i...and with ln tse burnt about them well yellow peaks n s and burnt about me n I...”) in combination with anaphoras and joints creates a complex muse. picture. intonation and music. the movement of the verse is correlated with its ring structure, which is not uncommon in lyric poetry. genres; here it receives a fundamentally new content, due to the special logic of the development of the plot. The first and last ring quatrains belong not to one, as usual, but to different consciousnesses: the hero (“I lay motionless”) and the heroine (“and she dreamed ...”). Such a ring repetition - one person "knows", recreates the death of another down to the details - conveys a special, "resolving" meaning of the tragic. the plot is verse., concluded not only in death, but in the very “observation” by the hero of the ballad of his dying: “A deep wound was still smoking, / Drop by drop my blood was sharpened.” “Sleep” does not give rise to that “chilling despair”, which V. G. Belinsky spoke about in connection with L.’s late poems. - "with the demand not so much love as memory" - then in the artist. The space of the ballad seems to come true and the image of ideal love that lived in L., which turned out to be visionary, is fully understood. And such love, to-ruyu only in a death dream, but managed - by the power of one's own. insight - to see the hero of the verse., displays the theme of death from an absolute, closed tragedy. Various assumptions have been made regarding the origin of the "Sleep", however, some versions cannot be accepted due to the chronological. inconsistencies. Some researchers associate it with the name of V.A. Lopukhina, others - with E.P. Rostopchina; the latter, according to Eikhenbaum, is more likely. E.A. Sushkova unreasonably believed that the reason for the creation of "Sleep" was the news of her alleged marriage with A. A. Lopukhin: L. allegedly warned Sushkova that he would challenge her fiancé to a duel ... On this occasion, he wrote the poem "Sleep" ( Sushkova, from. 226). G. Gradovsky names another source - the memoirs of the gene. M.Kh. Schultz, who told L. how, after the battle, he lay wounded all day among the dead, until they picked him up. L. Semenov suggested in verse. the influence of the folklore of the Grebensky Cossacks, S. Shuvalov - the lyrics of G. Heine. However, there is no doubt that in verse. reflected and gloomy forebodings that owned L. after his last departure from St. Petersburg. The motive of sleep about own. death was developed by L. in his early lyrics, marked by an intense search for a solution to the eternal mystery of being (cf. "Night. I", "Death" - "Carssed by blooming dreams ..."). As A. Bezhetsky pointed out, the plot of The Dream was developed into verse. unknown the author, which was attributed to L. The influence of "Sleep" can be traced in verse. N. P. Ogareva "In the silence of the night, a sad chord ...". Lermont's motives. verse. are repeated in the lyrics of A. Isahakyan (“Yes, I always know - there is a foreign country”). Belinsky considered The Dream to be one of the "most significant" works. L., equally interesting "both aesthetically and psychologically" and belonging "to the era full development» of his talent. N. G. Chernyshevsky cites this verse. as an example of the truly beautiful in poetry. Later interest in poetry. the form of "Sleep", its aesthetic. content, to reflection in verse. L.'s personality was especially characteristic of researchers close to the Symbolists: V. V. Rozanov, D. S. Merezhkovsky found in the "Dream" a prophetic dream of L. himself, a mystic. poet's insight. Questions of composition and instrumentation of "Dream" are covered in the works of S. Shuvalov and I. Rozanov; the latter also analyzes the work of L. on the autograph. Verse. illustrated by G. G. Gagarin, S. V. Ivanov, D. N. Kardovsky, K. A. Korovin, P. Litvinenko, D. I. Mitrokhin. More than 20 composers have been set to music, incl. M. A. Balakirev, Ya. F. Prigozhy, S. N. Vasilenko, A. N. Drozdov, V. M. Ivanov-Korsunsky. From Ser. 19th century "Dream" has firmly entered the folk song repertoire. In 1915, M. M. Fokin staged the ballet The Dream at the Mariinsky Theater (music by M. I. Glinka, script by Fokine). Autographs: white - GPB, Sobr. rukop. L., No. 12 (notebook donated by V.F. Odoevsky), l. 7v., draft - ibid., sheet. 21-22. For the first time - "OZ", 1843, No. 4, dep. 1, p. 183. Dates from the summer of 1841 according to the position in the notebook.

Lit.: Belinsky, vol. 7, p. 38; vol. 8, p. 94, 339; Chernyshevsky, v. 2, p. 134; Bezhetsky A., "Dream", "New Time", 1891, July 15; Rozanov W., Lermont. house in Pyatigorsk, "New time", 1908, June 23; lerner N., O "Dream" L., ibid., June 24; Merezhkovsky D. S., M. Yu. L. Poet of superhumanity, St. Petersburg, 1909, p. 35-36; Rozanov I. (1), p. 242; Rozanov I. (3), p. 115-22, 169-70; Semenov(5), p. 136-37; Shuvalov(4), p. 269; Vinogradov G., LN, vol. 43-44, p. 361-63; Eichenbaum(12), p. 350-51; Popov(2), p. 150-53; Gerstein(8), p. 344-45; Maksimov(2), p. 101; Norets Zh. S., M. Yu. L. in Nar. songs and vocal art in Russian. composers, in Sat: VI Conf. (Stavrop.), p. 196; Memories (2), p. 285-86; Zaslavsky I. Ya., On Poetic Mastery (From Observations on the Poet's Last Poems). Debrecen, 1965, p. 28-31; Udodov(2), p. 169-71; Chicherin(1), p. 413; gay N. K., Artistic Literature. Poetics. Style, M., 1975, p. 191-93.

L. M. Schemeleva Lermontov Encyclopedia / USSR Academy of Sciences. In-t rus. lit. (Pushkin. House); Scientific-ed. Council of the publishing house "Sov. Enzikl."; Ch. ed. Manuilov V. A., Editorial staff: Andronikov I. L., Bazanov V. G., Bushmin A. S., Vatsuro V. E., Zhdanov V. V., Khrapchenko M. B. - M .: Sov. Encycl., 1981

See what "" Dream "(" In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan ... ")" is in other dictionaries:

A (y), preposition. about the heat, in the heat, in the heat, m. 1. A strong degree of heat inherent in something l. heated or burning and radiated by it. After the rain, the sun had so baked the earth that it was blowing through the window of the cell from the field with moist heat, as if from a bathhouse. M. Gorky, Karamora ... Small Academic Dictionary

TRANSLATIONS AND STUDIES OF LERMONTOV IN THE LITERATURES OF THE PEOPLES OF THE USSR. The connections of L.'s creativity with the liters of the peoples of the USSR are numerous and diverse, they were implemented in different ways and carried out in individual liters, arose in different time depending on the… … Lermontov Encyclopedia

MOTIVES of Lermontov's poetry. The motif is a stable semantic element in lit. text, repeating within a series of folklore (where the motif means the minimum unit of plot construction) and lit. artistic prod. Motive m. b. considered in the context of all creativity ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

- (Dagestan region), a mountainous country in the east. parts of Sev. Caucasus; now Doug. ASSR. In the 40s. 19th century this vast area inhabited by Muslims. nationalities and tribes, was the stronghold of Shamil. L. visited D. in 1840. On July 17, a detachment of the gene. A.V. Galafeeva ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

GENRES of Lermontov's poetry. Lit. L.'s activity proceeded in the era of destruction and diffusion of the genre system of the 18th century, and his creative work. legacy does not always lend itself to genre classification, reflecting at the same time the search for new forms. Student lyrics L. ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

- (1806 88), Colonel of the General Staff, member of the Caucasus. wars, later Gen. major. L. met Sh., obviously, in 1840 in Stavropol. Sh.'s story about his injury during the assault in 1839. fortresses of Akhulgo and about the state, to which he then survived, served, ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

- (née Sushkova) daughter of Alexander Vasilyevich Sushkov and Anastasia Pavlovna, nee. book. Dolgorukov, b. in Simbirsk on March 18, 1812, died on October 10, 1868. In 1838 she married the cadet chamberlain Alexander Vasilyevich Khvostov, ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

- (nee Yushkova, by her first husband Kireevskaya; 1789 1877), acquaintance of L.; mistress of the famous moscow. lit. salon. Friend and relative of V. A. Zhukovsky, mother of I. V. and P. V. Kireevsky. In the 30s and 40s. in the salon of the Elagin Kireevsky (at the Red Gate) ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

- “FAMILY NOTES” (1839 84), a magazine, originally a collection (1818 I part, 1819 II part), founded in St. Petersburg by P. P. Svinin and in 1820 30 published by him monthly. In 1839, "OZ" were renewed by A.A. Kraevsky, published monthly (in 1865 ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

- (pseudo; real name Peyo Kracholov) (1878 1914), Bolg. poet. He showed a deep interest in the work of L. “His poetry, wrote Ya., is, as it were, a more perfect confession of my own soul.” The tone of a number of verses. I. 1900s. reminiscent of a lyric... Lermontov Encyclopedia

In the afternoon heat in the valley of Dagestan
With lead in my chest, I lay motionless;
A deep wound still smoking
My blood dripped drop by drop.

I lay alone on the sand of the valley;
Ledges of rocks crowded around,
And the sun burned their yellow peaks
And it burned me - but I slept like a dead sleep.

And I dreamed of shining lights
Evening feast in the native side.
Between young wives crowned with flowers,
There was a funny conversation about me.

But without entering into a cheerful conversation,
Sitting there alone thoughtfully
And in a sad dream her young soul
God knows what was immersed;

And she dreamed of the valley of Dagestan;
A familiar corpse lay in that valley;
In his chest, a wound blackened, smoking,
And the blood was flowing in a cold stream.

Analysis of Lermontov's poem "Dream"

The poem "Dream", written in 1841, refers to the last period of the poet's work. It was created during his second exile to the Caucasus, when the author already had a premonition of his death and tried to fully fulfill the order of his friend Vladimir Odoevsky. The thing is that on the eve of his departure, the poet presented Lermontov with an elegant notebook, asking him to return it after the trip, completely covered with poetry. This gesture of support and participation was designed to strengthen Mikhail Lermontov's faith in himself, but Odoevsky did not even imagine that he was seeing his friend for the last time.

The poem "Dream" itself is significantly out of the range of works that were created by the poet during this difficult period for him. The author mentally put an end to his career, realizing that after the second exile to the Caucasus he would be forced to resign. At the same time, having established himself as a poet, Mikhail Lermontov also realized that under the current tsarist regime and the aggravation of relations with the government, his works were unlikely to be published. Therefore, the poems of this period are distinguished by sharpness and undisguised sarcasm, which cannot be said about the lyrical and tragic work "Dream". In it, the author identifies himself with the main character, who, in the valley of Dagestan, “lay motionless with lead in his chest.” Life flowed out of him drop by drop and, gradually falling into oblivion, the hero saw an unusual dream. In it, he was again at home, and the beautiful maidens, having gathered for the "evening feast", vividly discussed his person. Only one of the girls, suddenly falling into a dream, saw him lying in the sunny valley of Dagestan, realizing that the hero of girlish disputes and dreams had been killed.

This the poem has a very non-standard and atypical form for the works of Mikhail Lermontov, it is shrouded in a certain mysticism and fatalism. In fact, the poet predicted his own death to the smallest detail, although the second part of the work, where the heroine of the poem is visited by a strange dream-vision, is a lyrical digression, a desire to pass off fiction as reality. Alas, in the "native side" except for the elderly grandmother, who raised the future poet, and a few friends who believe in Lermontov's talent, no one was waiting for him. Apparently, the realization of this made the author slightly embellish his work, which, nevertheless, still causes controversy among literary critics.

Many researchers of Mikhail Lermontov's work tend to believe that the poet possessed not only a literary gift, but also knew how to see the future. After all, "Dream" is far from the only work of this author that contains rhymed predictions. Close friends of Lermontov claimed that he really could look into the other world and sometimes dropped in the presence of many witnesses strange phrases who were later destined to become prophetic.

Therefore, no one was surprised when, after the death of Lermontov in a duel, the poem “Dream” was discovered in the notebook given to the poet Odoevsky, which anticipated the events that were destined to occur just a few months after the writing of this work.

Moreover, eyewitnesses claim that Mikhail Lermontov not only knew about his death, but also did not want to change anything, believing that such an act was unworthy of a person whose fate was sealed. Therefore, during the duel, when it turned out that the right of the first shot belongs to the poet, he pointed the muzzle of the pistol into the sky and, thereby, showed that he was ready to accept his own fate, which he very colorfully and reliably described in the poem "Dream", without indicating only the name of a person who was destined from above to fulfill this difficult and sad mission.