Dassr decryption. The formation of the Dagestan ASSR. Change of status: from autonomy to a sovereign republic

Our republic has gone from a decree autonomous formation within Russia to the full-fledged Republic of Dagestan, which has an equal status with all other subjects of the Russian Federation, becoming its southernmost part.

The entry of Dagestan into Russia was not an easy process. The tsarist administration had to make a lot of efforts to involve Dagestan in the mainstream of the economic and cultural development of the empire. To this end, a number of reforms were carried out, the most important of which was the administrative one, which contributed to the stabilization of the political situation in the Caucasus. Under the influence of Russia, economic specialization actively took place in the mountainous region, commercial agriculture and cattle breeding developed. An important aspect in the development of the Dagestan region was the emergence of a national intelligentsia, which was facilitated by the opening of secular schools. The tsarist administration opened vacancies in the secondary and higher educational institutions of the empire for the Dagestan elite. At the same time, educational institutions, libraries, and hospitals first appeared in the region. Dagestan region as a part Russian Empire lasted from April 1860 to January 20, 1921.
In 1917, a revolution took place in the Russian Empire, and Soviet power was established in Dagestan. In November 1920, the Extraordinary Congress of the Peoples of Dagestan was held in Temir-Khan-Shura, at which the People's Commissar for Nationalities, Joseph Stalin, proclaimed the Declaration on the Soviet autonomy of Dagestan. And on January 20, 1921, the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee legislated the formation of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which is part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic(RSFSR) - a Decree was adopted on the formation of the Dagestan ASSR as part of the RSFSR. It included Avar, Andi, Gunib, Darginsky, Kazi-Kumukhsky, Kaitago-Tabasaransky, Kyurinsky, Samursky. Temirkhan-Shurinsky, Khasavyurt districts and the territory of the Caspian coast. Much later, the Karanogai, Kizlyar, Krainovsky, Tarumovsky regions (now Nogai, Tarumovsky, Kizlyar regions) and the city of Kizlyar were transferred to the Dagestan ASSR. By the aforementioned Decree, the central government recognized the national-state autonomy proclaimed by the peoples of Dagestan at the Extraordinary Congress on November 13, 1920 within Russia. The decree on the formation of the Dagestan ASSR determined the final borders, peaceful methods for resolving territorial disputes, the activities of the republic's governing bodies, and the basic principles of relations between central and local authorities. Over time, the Dagestan autonomy as part of Russian Federation became one of the leading regions in the North Caucasus. The Dagestan people made a choice in favor of state unity with Russia, it was the most correct choice in terms of self-preservation and self-development of our peoples as part of united Russia. In addition, paradoxically, despite the centuries-old existence of various political associations on the territory of our region, it was the Dagestan ASSR that became the first real all-Dagestan state, the process of state building began, in which all the peoples of our republic participated on equal terms. The highest bodies of power and administration of the republic were also formed - the Central Executive Committee (CEC) and the Council People's Commissars(SNK). Nazhmudin Samursky was elected chairman of the CEC, and the first government of the republic was headed by Jalaletdin Korkmasov. The formation of the Dagestan ASSR finally sealed the victory of Soviet power in the republic.
The Dagestan ASSR received organizational and practical implementation on December 5, 1921, at the All-Dagestan Constituent Congress of Soviets, which adopted the first Constitution in the history of the republic.
The creation of a single Dagestan state made it possible to make a powerful breakthrough in economic, political and cultural development. Enterprises destroyed during the Civil War were restored, dozens of new plants, factories, power plants, transport infrastructure facilities, the October Revolution canal were built, hunger and illiteracy were defeated. During the years of Soviet power, Dagestan became a republic with a developed industry and diversified agriculture.
In the development of the economy, an important role was played by the electric power industry and the oil-producing industries, mechanical engineering, the building materials industry, the chemical and food industries. AT Soviet period Dozens of large industrial enterprises were built, an advanced industrial system for its time was created, an industrial structure quite developed even by modern standards. Changed radically social structure Dagestan, where today almost half of the population lives in cities. Transformed and shape settlements: new beautiful schools, hospitals, residential buildings, administrative buildings were built, the area of gardens and parks grew. In the field of culture, great changes have also taken place - national professional theaters have been created, a system of higher and secondary educational institutions capable of satisfying all the basic needs of the republic in specialists.
Dagestan has become an exemplary Soviet autonomy, characterized by high rates of socio-economic and cultural development. Solemn oath given in 1920 at the Extraordinary Congress of the Peoples of Dagestan on friendship and fraternal solidarity with the peoples Soviet Union, the highlanders of Dagestan held back in the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War. As the Head of the Republic of Dagestan Ramazan Abdulatipov noted: “During the Great Patriotic War, our country was saved by the unity of the people. Hundreds of thousands of Dagestanis stood up to defend their homeland - the Soviet Union and defended not only themselves, but also many peoples of the world from enslavement. Blessed memory to all the heroes who gave their lives for the unity and independence of our Fatherland! There are 59 Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia in Dagestan, because the Dagestanis have always been courageous warriors, patriots of their country, they have always strengthened the friendship of peoples. The peoples of Dagestan confirmed their choice during the collapse of the USSR and the formation of new independent states remaining part of the Russian Federation.
The head of Dagestan, speaking at an event dedicated to the Day of National Unity, said: “Even in the most difficult times, the Dagestanis believed in Russia, strove for it. Thanks to Russia we are civilized, cultural country, we are a nation that has a historical past, present and, no doubt, a future.”

, Azerbaijani, Tat, Chechen (since 1978)

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