What school programs exist for elementary school. Survey of school programs for first graders. Which one to choose, the expert answers. Quality of education in primary school

How the child will feel
climbing the first rung of the ladder of knowing what he will experience,
depends on his entire further path to knowledge.
V.A. Sukhomlinsky

The arrival of a child in first grade is one of the most important and exciting events in the life of every parent. Therefore, it is necessary to take this issue seriously: to choose good school Be sure to get to know the teacher. After all, it is in primary school a desire to learn and learn new things, the ability to assimilate material, the ability to find mutual language with peers, there is a further development of certain abilities (technical or humanitarian) and much more. It is very important to pay attention to another issue - a training program or an educational and methodological complex (TMC), according to which the child will study. Since, according to these textbooks and workbooks, he and, perhaps, his parents will have to master the material, receive basic knowledge. And their quality will determine how easily and quickly the child will be drawn into the learning process, and with what knowledge he will come to secondary school.

Currently, the order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated December 28, 2018 No. N 345 ​​"On the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs primary general, basic general, secondary general education". The federal list of textbooks (hereinafter - the list) includes textbooks recommended by the Scientific and Methodological Council for Textbooks, created by the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation, on the basis of positive expert opinions based on the results of scientific, pedagogical, public, ethno-cultural and regional expertise and meeting certain requirements.

The federal list of textbooks includes (all or selectively) completed subject lines of textbooks that are part of the following educational and methodological complexes for elementary school:

School of Russia	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
perspective	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Primary school of the 21st century	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Promising Elementary School	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
planet of knowledge	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Harmony	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
RHYTHM	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Primary innovative school	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
School 2000 ... (mathematics L.V. Peterson)	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
System of L.V. Zankov (Developing Education Publishing House)	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Spheres (publishing house "Enlightenment")	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
(publishing house "BINOM. Laboratory of knowledge")	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade

The list does not include textbooks of the following teaching materials:

School 2100	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
D.B.Elkonin-V.V.Davydov system (publishing house "VITA-PRESS")	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
L.V. Zankov's system (Fedorov publishing house)	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade
Dialog	1 class	Grade 2	3rd grade	4th grade

At the same time, it should be noted that educational organizations have the right to use purchased textbooks from the federal list of textbooks approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2014 N 253 for three years.

feature listed educational programs for elementary school is that they include educational and methodological kits (TMK) in all or several subjects of primary general education (for example, Russian language, mathematics, literary reading and the world etc). Each program or training system has its own goals, objectives, principles and features, which can be found in detail in the explanatory notes. Information can be found on the official websites of elementary school programs or publishing houses that produce this or that teaching material. Each program or training system has its own supervisor, as well as a team of authors working on the creation of the teaching materials. The educational and methodical set usually includes: textbooks, workbooks, visual and didactic aids, independent and control works, multimedia applications, guidelines and lesson plans.

In addition, there are completed textbook subject lines , which are not included in the teaching materials of the previously listed primary school systems and programs, but are also included in the federal list of recommended textbooks.

In connection with the transition of educational institutions to the new Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education (FSES IEO), since the 2011/2012 academic year, all primary school educational programs have been finalized, textbooks have passed the State Expertise for compliance with the second generation FSES.
Essential feature of all educational programs for elementary school has become a focus on the formation of students universal training activities (UUD) as the basis of the ability to learn, to include children in educational activities in the study of all school subjects. Main principle modernization of textbooks - strengthening orientation educational material, ways of its presentation, teaching methods for the maximum inclusion of students in educational activities. Thus, all programs and training systems are aimed at achieving the educational results defined by the Federal State Educational Standard of the IEO and the implementation "Concepts of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia" .
Thus, there are no "bad" and "good" programs. All of them are approved by the Ministry of Education and are designed so that by the end of elementary school children will have received the level of knowledge provided for by the state standard, that is, the mandatory minimum. And the developing system of education is no better and no worse than the traditional one. Moreover, today almost all elementary school programs implement the ideas of developmental education. Tasks of increased complexity, which are associated only with developing systems, are included in all sets, but are not mandatory for mastering. In fact, each learning system is designed for a certain mindset, or, in other words, a way of perceiving and mentally processing information. And these processes are individual for each child. Authorship is manifested in the ways of presenting the material, additional information, organization learning activities.

Almost all copyright educational programs have both advantages (which are actively discussed) and disadvantages (information about which is less available). If a teacher has been trained, certified, interacts with methodologists and has access to manuals, the likelihood of obtaining a quality result is higher. The programs are designed so that in four years of study the child will receive all the basic knowledge. However, the material is presented and distributed over the years in a different sequence. In addition, some programs are overloaded with materials that children (and sometimes parents) understand and master with great difficulty. And the final examinations for the quarter and for the year all write the same. And here much depends on the teacher. It is good if the school maintains program continuity between primary and secondary levels, subject teachers work together. Otherwise, having studied four grades of primary school using non-standard textbooks, the child will move to the fifth grade on standard educational "rails" and lose interest in learning.

According to article 28 Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" "To the competence educational organization in the established field of activity include: ... determining the list of textbooks in accordance with the approved federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations implementing educational activities, as well as teaching aids approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs by such organizations."
According to article article 47 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation" pedagogical workers have "the right to choose textbooks, teaching aids, materials and other means of education and upbringing in accordance with the educational program and in the manner prescribed by the legislation on education."

So today teachers primary school can choose not only an educational program (system), but, first of all, textbooks that create a favorable and comfortable environment for learning, instilling in children a love of learning from the first days of their stay at school. At the same time, the teacher has the right to choose the teaching materials only in accordance with the approved basic educational program of primary general education of the educational institution. Choosing a program as a basis, the teacher follows it for all four years. In the same school, elementary grades can study according to different programs. At the same time, one of the classes most often studies according to the teaching materials "School of Russia". Today it is the most widespread educational system. In addition, a variant of an educational program is possible, consisting of completed subject lines of textbooks that are not included in certain systems and programs. The main condition for the choice is that textbooks must be included in the "Federal List of Textbooks Recommended for Use in the Implementation of State-Accredited Educational Programs for Primary General, Basic General, Secondary General Education."

A bit of history...

According to Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 21, 2004 No. No. 93 primary general education included:
- the traditional system of education (programs "School of Russia", "Harmony", "School 2000...", "School 2100", "Primary School of the 21st Century", "Classical Primary School", "Perspective Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge");
- developing learning systems (the system of L.V. Zankov and the system of D.B. Elkonin-V.V. Davydov).
However, over time, the contradictions between the traditional and developing systems of education gradually softened, and at the present stage of development primary education all educational and methodological sets are guided by the thesis of the child's activity in the learning process, the development of his personality, his cognitive and creative abilities. The division of textbooks into systems (traditional or developmental) and sets (programs) in the Federal lists of recommended (approved) textbooks was removed from the 2006/2007 academic year (though then this was mentioned in the additional information of publishers for each textbook), and from 2008/2009 academic year, such information was not included in the lists.

In the Federal list of textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions, for 2011/2012 academic year (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russia 2080 dated December 24, 2010) in the section "Textbooks, the content of which corresponds to the federal state educational standard for primary general education", four systems of textbooks were identified:
- "Primary school of the XXI century"
- "Perspective"
- "School of Russia"
- "School 2100"
These systems (educational and methodological complexes - EMC) included completed subject lines of textbooks already in all subjects of primary general education: Russian language, literary reading, mathematics, computer science, the world around us, technology, music, fine arts, physical education, foreign language (English, German, French, Spanish), the foundations of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia (4-5 grades) . The peculiarity of the "system of textbooks" status was also the fact that each subject corresponded to only one completed subject line of textbooks.
The textbooks of the other programs listed above or completed subject lines are also included in the Federal List of Recommended (Admitted) Textbooks for the 2011/2012 academic year in the sections "Textbooks whose content corresponds to the federal state educational standard for primary general education" or "Textbooks whose content corresponds to the federal component of the state educational standard of general education".

In the Federal lists of textbooks recommended or approved for use in the educational process in educational institutions with state accreditation and implementing educational programs of general education, for 2012/2013 academic year(Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 2885 of December 27, 2011) the division of textbooks into systems (programs) was again absent. The textbooks belonging to the completed subject lines were grouped only in the subjects of primary general education.

Based on information posted on the official websites of publishers and software developers, and in accordance with the Federal List of Textbooks for 2013/2014 academic year(Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 1067 dated December 19, 2012), the following teaching materials could be distinguished:

- "School of Russia"
If you liked the material, click the button of your social network:

You often hear: “We are studying according to Vinogradova ...”, “And we have a Perspective”. Unfortunately, most parents can only name the author of the curriculum, others will say “we were praised for it”, others, perhaps, will talk about specific pros and cons. But in general, the average parent hardly understands how all these programs differ. And no wonder. It is really difficult to get through the scientific style and terminology of pedagogical texts. Parents whose children are going to first grade this year are puzzled by the question of whether their children will start the educational path in a traditional program or in a developmental one? Indeed, it is important to choose the right school and program of study, since it is studying in primary school that determines the subsequent attitude of the child to the educational process. So what are traditional and developmental programs, what are their pros and cons, how do they differ from each other?

So let's get together and try to understand.

First, there is a pedagogical system and a pedagogical program.

There are only 2 systems: developing and traditional (see Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of October 21, 2004 N 93). Traditional programs include: "School of Russia", "Primary School of the XXI century", "School 2100", "Harmony", "Perspective Primary School", "Classical Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge", "Perspective" and others.

Two programs belong to developing systems: L.V. Zankov and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov.

There are much more programs. In addition to those officially recognized by the Federal State Educational Standards, there are many experimental systems, as well as copyright, intra-school ones.

There is a federal list of textbooks, according to which the school can choose the teaching materials. If textbooks are not included in the FP, the school does not have the right to teach from them. The list changes every year. If the textbook is deleted from the FP, the school moves from grade 1 to others, and the rest of the children are taught according to these textbooks to grade 4.

Education systems

All approved systems and programs meet the main requirement: they allow the student to acquire the required minimum of knowledge. Authorship is manifested in the ways of presenting the material, additional information, organization of educational activities.

Each system and program has its own author. But this does not mean that all textbooks in all subjects were written by him alone. Of course, a whole team worked on compiling the UMK (Educational and Methodological Kit)! Therefore, the names on the textbooks of your children, of course, will be different. But, despite the "collective creativity", all textbooks within the same program have the same:

Purpose (i.e. the result that should be obtained, the qualities that graduates who have studied in a particular program should eventually have)
Tasks (i.e. those steps by which the goal is achieved)
Principles (i.e. features of the organization of training, presentation of material, choice of methods that distinguish one program from another).
Content (in fact, the very educational material that the child will learn in the learning process. For example, the content of education in philology, mathematics, social science and natural science. In this part of the program, they differ in that some are limited to the state standard minimum, others include various additional knowledge, concepts, literature, as well as the order of presentation of educational material, which is inextricably linked with the principles.)

No bad or good programs. All programs considered in the article are approved by the Ministry of Education. And the developing system is no better and no worse than the traditional one. In fact, each system is designed for a certain mindset, or, in other words, a way of perceiving and mentally processing information. And these processes are individual for each child. Like metabolism, or let's say hair color. Therefore, in the description of each program, we have introduced the section “Features that will allow the child to successfully study in this program”, where we will describe the qualities that it is desirable for the child to have in order to show high results without overstressing it.

Different classes of the same school may study in different programs, especially where the choice of the program is made by the teachers themselves. And it's even good. Different programs and systems require different initial knowledge and skills from children, and it also largely depends on the personal qualities of the teacher whether he will be able to implement the program in full. Therefore, the teacher chooses a program that will allow him to work in the current situation with this particular team.

Primary school educational programs

The learning process in elementary school is built according to the educational program developed by educational methodologists and adopted for a given school or a separate class. The programs approved by the Federal State Educational Standard for the 2019-20 academic year, in accordance with the federal list of textbooks, are:

Program "Perspective Primary School" (Akademkniga publishing house);

Program "Planet of Knowledge" (ed. Astrel);

Program "Perspective" (ed. Education);

Program "School of Russia" (ed. Prosveshchenie);

Program on the system of developing education by D. B. Elkonin-V. V. Davydov (ed. Vita-press);

Program "Primary School 21st Century" (Vinogradova system, Rudnitskaya - mathematics, publishing house Ventana-Count);

The program "Rhythm" (Ramzaeva - Russian, Muravin - mathematics, published by Drofa)

Program "School 2000" in Mathematics (Peterson, ed. Binom. Knowledge Lab)

Program "Spheres" (Ed. "Enlightenment")

Primary innovative school (Russian Word Publishing House)

Harmony (Publishing house "Association 21st century")

Program for children with disabilities.

The general development program of L.V. Zankov, School 2100 at the time of 2019 is not included in the FP, but since the list changes every year, they may also be included, so we will also talk about them.

According to articles 32 and 55 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", an elementary school teacher has the right to choose a system only in accordance with the educational program that is approved in educational institution. Choosing a program as a basis, the teacher follows it for all four years.

"School of Russia" (Pleshakov)

This is the elementary school kit that we all learned in Soviet time, with some changes.

Purpose: education of schoolchildren as citizens of Russia.
Tasks. The main purpose of elementary school, according to the authors, is educational. Hence the tasks:

• development in a child of human qualities that meet the ideas of true humanity: kindness, tolerance, responsibility, ability to empathize, readiness to help another
• teaching a child conscious reading, writing and counting, correct speech, instilling certain labor and health-saving skills, teaching the basics of safe life
• formation of natural motivation for learning

Principles: fundamentality, reliability, stability, openness to new things.

Problem-search approach. It provides for the creation of problem situations, making assumptions, searching for evidence, formulating conclusions, comparing results with a standard.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study in this program: No special qualities are required from the child. Of course, the more abilities developed in a child, the better. For example, the ability to self-esteem, willingness to work in problem situations is useful. But according to this program, even the most unprepared children for school study well.

The elementary school program "School of Russia" is considered traditional, most children master it without any problems.

Expert opinion

“I have been working at a school with children for many years according to the traditional program “School of Russia,” says a primary school teacher. secondary school No. 549 of Moscow Tatyana Mikhailovna Bobko. “Our parents studied under this program, as did I, and my children. All grew up quite educated people.

I think that this program is needed, it was, is and will always be. The traditional program allows you to carefully practice the skills of educational activities (reading, writing, counting) that are necessary for successful learning in high school. AT last years interesting training kits have been published that meet modern requirements education (mathematics - author M.I. Moro, Russian language - author T.K. Ramzaeva), which are aimed at developing the cognitive abilities of the student.

Our opinion: good consistent and not very complicated mathematics, a logically constructed program in the Russian language, but a lot of "water" on the subject of the world around.

"Perspective"

Scientific adviser, Doctor of Pedagogy, Director of the Center for System-Activity Pedagogy "School 2000" of the AIC and PPRO, laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education L.G. Peterson. By the way, her personal textbooks are not included in this teaching materials.

The purpose of the implementation of the educational program "Perspective" is to create conditions for the development and education of the personality of a younger student in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education.

The objectives of the implementation of the educational program "Perspective":

The ideological basis of the UMC "Perspektiva" is the "Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia", aimed at forming in the younger generation a system of values ​​of humanism, creation, self-development, morality as the basis for successful self-realization of the student in life and work and as a condition for security and prosperity countries.

The methodological basis is the totality modern methods and methods of education and upbringing implemented in the teaching and learning center "Perspektiva" ( project activity, work with information, the world of activity, etc.)

All textbooks of the Perspektiva system are included in the Federal lists of textbooks recommended or approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions.

Mathematics Dorofeev, Mirakova, Buka.

English language "English in focus" ("Spotlight"). Authors: Bykova N.I., Dooley D., Pospelova M.D., Evans V.

The educational and methodological complex of textbooks "Perspective" was created by a team of scientists and teachers Russian Academy Sciences, the Russian Academy of Education, the Federal Institute for the Development of Education in close cooperation with the Prosveshchenie publishing house.

The program does not have an official website, there is a website of the publishing house old.prosv.ru/umk/perspektiva

Parent feedback:

The program is too simple, weak mathematics, little time is devoted to writing. At the school of the future first-grader, they studied according to Peterson, the child learned more than in the entire first grade according to "Perspective". But it is perfect for children with whom they did not really study before school. All topics are long "chewed" by the teacher. Homework is easily done without the participation of parents, except for the outside world. According to him, reports or presentations are systematically set, which the child cannot perform on his own, I have to do everything.

Our opinion: the material in the textbooks of mathematics and the Russian language is presented inconsistently. For a long time they "chew" simple topics, after which complex tasks are given on a completely different topic without first studying the algorithm for solving them. There is a lot of "water" around the world. In the textbook, craft technology has not been verified by the authors, step by step instructions and templates often do not correspond to reality.

Promising Elementary School

The Standard is based on a system-activity approach.

The main tasks of primary general education: the development of the personality of the student, his creativity, interest in learning, the formation of the desire and ability to learn; moral education and aesthetic feelings, emotionally-valuable positive attitude towards oneself and others. The solution to these problems is possible if we proceed from a humanistic conviction based on data. educational psychology: All children are able to succeed in primary school if the necessary conditions are created for them. And one of these conditions is a personality-oriented approach to the child based on his life experience.

The proposed educational and methodological package "Perspective Primary School" proceeds from the fact that the EXPERIENCE of the child is not only his age, but also the image of the world, which is determined by his rootedness in the natural-subject environment. The experience of the child (the addressee of the EMC), which is important to take into account, is not only the experience of urban life with a developed infrastructure, various sources of information, but also the experience of rural life - with a natural rhythm of life, preservation of a holistic picture of the world, remoteness from large cultural objects.

A junior schoolboy living in a village should feel that the world that surrounds him is taken into account by the authors of the teaching materials, that each manual of this set is addressed to him personally.

The main idea of ​​the EMC "Promising Primary School" is the optimal development of each child on the basis of pedagogical support for his individuality (age, abilities, interests, inclinations, development) in the conditions of specially organized educational activities, where the student acts either as a student, or as a teacher, then in the role of the organizer of the educational situation.

Basic principles of the concept of "promising elementary school"

1. The principle of continuous general development of each child presupposes the orientation of the content of primary education towards the emotional, spiritual, moral and intellectual development and self-development of each child. It is necessary to create such learning conditions that will provide a “chance” for each child to show independence and initiative in various types of educational or club activities.
2. The principle of the integrity of the picture of the world involves the selection of such content of education that will help the student to maintain and recreate the integrity of the picture of the world, will ensure the child's awareness of the various connections between its objects and phenomena. One of the main ways to implement this principle is to take into account interdisciplinary connections and develop integrated courses in the Russian language and literary reading, the world around us and technology.
3. The principle of taking into account the individual capabilities and abilities of schoolchildren is focused on the constant pedagogical support of all students (including those who, for one reason or another, cannot master all the presented content of education). Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a multi-level representation of knowledge throughout all the years primary education. Fulfillment of this requirement became possible in the context of the introduction of the Federal component of the state standard of general education. The standard provides every child with the opportunity to master the entire content of education at the level of the mandatory minimum. At the same time, “Requirements for the level of preparation of students graduating from primary school” are defined, which fix a satisfactory level of education.
4. Principles of strength and visibility. These principles, on which the traditional school has been based for centuries, implement the leading idea of ​​the educational and methodological set: THROUGH consideration of the PARTICULAR (concrete observation) to understanding the GENERAL (comprehension of the pattern), from the GENERAL, i.e. from the comprehended pattern, to the PARTICULAR, i.e. to the method of solving a specific learning task. The very reproduction of this two-stage nature, its transformation into a mechanism of learning activity under the conditions of OBSERVATION training is the basis for the implementation of the principle of STRENGTH. The principle of strength presupposes a rigidly thought-out system of repetition, i.e., repeated return to the material already covered. However, the implementation of this provision on the basis of the constant development of the student leads to a fundamentally new special structure of textbooks for teaching materials.
   The implementation of the principles of strength and developmental learning requires a well-thought-out mechanism that meets the leading idea: each next return to the particular is productive only if the stage of generalization has been passed, which gave schoolchildren a tool for the next return to the particular.
   For example, algorithms for subtraction, addition, multiplication, division by a column are first “opened” by schoolchildren based on the corresponding actions with numbers in a row. Then they are formulated as patterns and, finally, are used as mechanisms for the corresponding mathematical operations. In the "World around": from a variety of animals (plants), for one reason or another, separate groups are distinguished, then each newly studied animal (plant) is correlated with known groups. In “Literary Reading”: one or another literary genre is singled out, and then, when reading each new text, its belonging to one of the genres of literature is determined, etc.
5. The principle of protecting and strengthening the mental and physical health of children. The implementation of this principle is associated with the formation of habits for cleanliness, order, accuracy, observance of the daily routine, and the creation of conditions for the active participation of children in recreational activities (morning exercises, dynamic pauses during school hours, nature excursions, etc.).

The practical implementation of the principles of DEVELOPING EDUCATION and the principles of STRENGTH and VISIBILITY becomes possible through a methodological system, which is a unity of typical properties inherent in both the methodology of teaching literacy, the Russian language, literary reading, mathematics, and all other subjects. These typical properties, in turn, determine the special structure of the textbook, which is the same for the entire set.

The distinctive features of the teaching materials should also include the maximum placement of the methodological apparatus, including organizational forms of work, in the body of the textbook itself; usage unified system symbols throughout the teaching materials; a system of cross-references between textbooks; the use of single cross-cutting heroes (brother and sister); step-by-step introduction of terminology and its motivated use.

The main methodological features of the teaching materials:

TMC for each academic subject, as a rule, includes a textbook, reader, notebook for independent work, Toolkit for the teacher (methodologist).

Each methodological manual consists of two parts: a theoretical one, which can be used by a teacher as a theoretical basis for improving his qualifications, and directly lesson-thematic planning, where the course of each lesson is outlined, its goals and objectives are formulated, and it also contains ideas for answers to ALL given in textbook questions.

Publisher's website about the program akademkniga.ru/projects/prospective-primary-school

Our opinion: a simple, quite logically constructed program, but according to the Russian language, some rules contradict what children will learn in grade 5.

Elkonin-Davydov education system

The educational system of D. B. Elkonin-V.V. Davydov has already more than 40 years of existence: first in the form of developments and experiments, and in 1996, by the decision of the Board of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the educational system of Elkonin-Davydov was recognized as one of the state systems.

Purpose: formation of a system of scientific concepts, educational independence and initiative. Developing in a child the ability to think unusually and deeply

• to form in elementary school graduates the ability to reflect, which at primary school age reveals itself through:
• knowledge of one's ignorance, the ability to distinguish between the known and the unknown;
• the ability to indicate in an underdetermined situation what knowledge and skills are not enough for successful action;
• the ability to consider and evaluate one's own thoughts and actions "from the side", not considering one's own point of view as the only possible one;
• the ability to critically, but not categorically evaluate the thoughts and actions of other people, referring to their reasons.
• develop the ability for meaningful analysis and meaningful planning.

The formation of these abilities is detected if:

1. students can identify a system of tasks of one class that have a single principle of their construction, but differ in external features of the conditions (meaningful analysis);
2. students can mentally build a chain of actions, and then perform them smoothly and accurately.
3. develop the student's creativity and imagination.

Principles:

The main principle of this system is to teach children to acquire knowledge, to search for it on their own, and not to memorize school truths.

The subject of assimilation are general methods of action - methods of solving a class of problems. They begin the development of the subject. In the following, the general method of action is concretized in relation to particular cases. The program is arranged in such a way that in each subsequent section the already mastered method of action is concretized and developed.

Mastering the general method begins with a subject-practical action.

Student work is built as a search and trial of means for solving a problem. Therefore, the student's judgment, which differs from the generally accepted one, is considered not as a mistake, but as a test of thought.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study in this program: the same as those described for the Zankov program. Exception: It is unlikely that you will have to work at a fast pace. Rather, thoroughness, attention to detail, the ability to generalize are useful.

The elementary school program according to the system of developmental education of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov is suitable for those who want to develop in a child not so much the ability to analyze, but the ability to think unusually, deeply.

In the Elkonin-Davydov system, however, the lack of marks can scare away. But experts assure that everything is under control: teachers communicate all the necessary recommendations and wishes to parents and collect a kind of portfolio of students' creative works. It also serves as a performance indicator instead of the usual diary. In the Elkonin-Davydov system, the emphasis is not on the result - the acquired knowledge, but on the ways to comprehend them. In other words, the student may not remember something, but he must know where and how, if necessary, to fill this gap.

Another feature of the Elkonin-Davydov program is that elementary school students learn not only that twice two is four, but also why exactly four, and not seven, eight, nine or twelve. In the class, the principles of building a language, the origin and structure of numbers, etc. are studied. Knowledge of the rules based on an understanding of their causes, of course, is kept in the head more firmly. And yet, whether it is necessary to immerse children in these jungles from an early age is, perhaps, a moot point.

The authors of the system placed great emphasis on teamwork and the development of communication skills: children conduct their mini-research in groups of 5-7 people, and then, under the guidance of a teacher, discuss the results and come to a common conclusion.

But it would be unfair to say that these same skills are not trained in the other systems mentioned.

Developmental training according to the system of D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov

A special place is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning. The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult. The Elkonin-Davydov education system assumes the formation of a large set of skills in primary school graduates. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task, to test their own hypotheses. Moreover, the system assumes that the younger student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate their own actions and partners' points of view.

Parents' opinions about the Elkonin-Davydov program:

"We went to first grade in 2010, we chose the developmental methodology of Elkonin-Davydov. It's probably too early to talk about the results, but the fact that the program is very serious and you have to work with the child all the time is a fact. The main emphasis, it seems to me, is on mathematics. Although I have a very intelligent boy, some things need to be explained several times. In principle, we were ready for this, so we are working on ourselves, so to speak. Whoever wants to choose this program needs to be ready to do a lot with the child. "

Program "Planet of Knowledge"

The first set of textbooks and programs for elementary school, which fully implemented the state standard - "Planet of Knowledge". Among the authors are 4 honored teachers of Russia.

Expert opinion

- The program is interesting, - comments the teacher of the primary classes of the secondary school No. 353 named after.

A.S. Pushkin, Moscow Natalya Vladimirovna Chernosvitova. - A variety of texts on the Russian language and reading are perfectly selected. Apart from good lyrics on reading, interesting questions, developing tasks were compiled. The child must come up with a fairy tale, think up the text, make a drawing. Mathematics is interesting in that each task leads the student to the answer on his own. Not like in the standard program: the teacher explained - the student fulfilled. Here is a different approach. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that there is a soft transition from the Planet of Knowledge to the traditional program. For fourth grade students, we introduce tasks from the fifth grade, so, in my opinion, this program has some advantages. As for reading, everyone says in unison: "Children read well."

I note that ahead of the standard program, the "Planet of Knowledge" does not overload students. If we take everyone's favorite mathematics according to L.G. Peterson, it requires a physical and intellectual approach. To study under the "Program 2100" or "Harmony", the child must be already prepared. According to the "Planet of Knowledge" you can teach any children with kindergarten training, including at toddler age. Studying under this program, children are noticeably different from those who study under the classical one. These kids are creative. There is only one minus in this program - the teacher, who has worked for many years according to the traditional program, must be reorganized. Although special courses are held for such teachers in the Central District.

"Primary school of the 21st century" (Vinogradova)

Purpose: organizing the educational activities of younger students in such a way as to provide comfortable conditions for the development of the child in the process of mastering knowledge, skills and abilities.

• the formation of the main components of learning activity (if we discuss the position of a student, then this is the answer to the questions “why am I studying”, “what should I do to solve this learning task”, “how do I complete the learning task and how do I do it”, “ what are my successes and what am I not succeeding in?”
• organization of the educational process in such a way as to provide a situation of success for each student and the opportunity to learn at an individual pace.

Principles: the main principle of education is that the elementary school should be nature-friendly, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in cognition, communication, various productive activities), take into account the typological and individual characteristics of their cognitive activity and the level of socialization. A schoolchild is not just a “spectator”, “listener”, but a “researcher”.

Content: in accordance with the main principle (conformity to nature), the authors paid special attention to the implementation of the function of "soft" adaptation of children to new activities. A system for using role play in teaching, which makes it possible to develop various facets of role-playing behavior, and hence the imagination and creativity of the student. All textbooks provide additional educational content, giving everyone the opportunity to work in accordance with their abilities (for example, introducing interesting texts into the textbook from the very beginning of learning on the material of the full alphabet for well-read children).

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: based on the principles, it can be assumed that this program will be comfortable for children who need soft adaptation to everything new for them, whether it be a team or type of activity. All courses have a long preparatory period.

The program "Primary School of the 21st Century" (edited by Prof. N.F. Vinogradova) is one of the most popular today. This is largely due to the fact that the team of authors of the project was awarded, perhaps, the most high award in the field of education - awards of the President of the Russian Federation. Today, under the program "Primary School of the 21st Century", schoolchildren from most subjects of the Russian Federation study.

One of the main differences between the program "Primary School of the 21st Century" and other projects in primary school is the construction of a system of pedagogical diagnostics purposefully from grades 1 to 4.

This diagnosis does not replace, but complements psychological diagnostics because it has other tasks and goals. Pedagogical diagnostics makes it possible already at the initial stage to determine the readiness of the student to study at school. And then - to see how firmly the knowledge and skills are mastered; whether there really were changes in the development of this or that child, or were they rather superficial; what should the teacher's efforts be directed at - does the class need a detailed repetition of the material already covered or can it move on.

Pedagogical diagnostics checks not only and not so much knowledge as the process of solving a particular educational problem, the way a student acts. In this context, such diagnostics has undeniable advantages over conventional diagnostics. verification work. Among other things, during it, students feel freer, since they are not given grades for it. If this diagnosis is carried out regularly throughout all four years of elementary school, one can clearly observe the dynamics of the progress of students and come to their aid in time, if necessary.

The program "Primary School of the 21st Century" implements the basic principle of education: an elementary school should be nature-friendly, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in cognition, communication, various productive activities), take into account the typological and individual characteristics of their cognitive activity and the level of socialization.

Parents' opinions about the program "Primary School of the 21st Century"

“We finished studying under the Vinogradova program. At first, we waited a long time for the children to really start studying. By the second grade, we realized that she was not so easy. She also has some disadvantages: a large number of notebooks that they do not have time to complete. Well, we , who studied under Soviet programs, do not like everything in the current education, so we find fault with the little things.

The educational-methodical set "Primary school of the XXI century" (under the editorship of N. Vinogradova) is aimed at ensuring the "soft" adaptation of children to the new conditions of school life for them.

Expert opinion

“I have been working on this program for the third year, I like it very much,” says Irina Vladimirovna Tyabirdina, a primary school teacher at the secondary school No. 549 in Moscow. - Frankly, the material is designed for strong erudite children. With what baggage of knowledge a student will go to secondary school depends on the primary school teacher. Therefore, the main goal is to teach the child to learn. It is also important that Vinogradova's kit implements the child's right to their individuality: children are placed in conditions where they can independently acquire knowledge, apply it, think, fantasize, play (special notebooks are provided "Learning to think and fantasize", "Learning to know the world around").

School 2000 (Peterson)

A program tested back in the 90s, which was excluded from the FP, and literally recently included again. Textbooks of mathematics L.G. Peterson. Old, proven, consistent. But the program is quite complicated compared to the rest. It gives a great start to children with a mathematical mindset. But for weak children it is categorically not suitable.

In the first grade, the emphasis is on logic, from the second, equations with unknowns are already being studied, by the fourth grade, children click complex equations like nuts and solve examples with any multi-valued numbers and any number of actions, as well as freely operate with fractions.

A huge plus - textbooks consistently from grades 1 to 11 (and, if desired, there are even for preschoolers).

The program is aimed primarily at the development and improvement of the traditional content of education.
Purpose: to ensure the natural and effective integration of the child into society.
Tasks:

• create readiness for productive work
• to form a readiness for further education and, more broadly, for lifelong education in general.
• to cultivate a natural-scientific and general humanitarian outlook.
• provide a certain level of general cultural development. An example is the formation (cultivation) of a schoolchild of the skills of an adequate artistic perception of at least literature
• to form certain personal properties that ensure its successful socio-psychological adaptation in society, successful social activity and successful social and personal development
• provide maximum opportunities for the formation of a student's attitude to creative activity and skills creative activity
• to form knowledge, attitudes and basic skills of pedagogical activity.

Principles.

The principle of adaptability. The school seeks, on the one hand, to adapt as much as possible to students with their individual characteristics on the other hand, to respond as flexibly as possible to socio-cultural changes in the environment.

development principle. The main task of the school is the development of the student, and first of all - the holistic development of his personality and the readiness of the personality for further development.

The principle of psychological comfort. This includes, firstly, the removal of all stress-forming factors of the educational process. Secondly, this principle presupposes the creation of educational process uninhibited, stimulating the creative activity of the student.

The principle of the image of the world. The student's idea of ​​the subject and social world must be unified and cohesive. As a result of the teaching, he should develop a kind of scheme of the world order, the universe, in which specific, subject knowledge takes its specific place.

The principle of the integrity of the content of education. In other words, all "objects" are interconnected.

The principle of systematicity. Education should be systematic, consistent with the laws of personal and intellectual development of the child and adolescent, and be included in the general system of continuous education.

The principle of semantic attitude to the world. The image of the world for a child is not abstract, cold knowledge about it. This is not knowledge for me, but this is my knowledge. This is not the world around me: this is the world of which I am a part and which I somehow experience and comprehend for myself.

The principle of the orienting function of knowledge. The task of general education is to help the student form an orientation base, which he can and should use in various types of his cognitive and productive activities.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: Since the program, as conceived by the authors, has something in common with the Elkonin-Davydov system, all the qualities that were described below will come in handy. But since this is still a traditional program designed for the "average student", almost any child will be able to successfully learn from it.

The "School 2000" program is designed to teach a child to study independently, organize their activities, obtain the necessary knowledge, analyze it, systematize and apply it in practice, set goals and achieve them, adequately evaluate their activities.

Three cardinal and fundamental positions of the School 2000 program:

Consistency. Children from the age of 3 until graduation from school study in a holistic educational system, which helps the child to reveal his abilities as much as possible, in an accessible language gives the student answers to the most important questions: “Why study?”, “What to study?”, “How to study?”, Teaches you how to effectively use your knowledge and skills. All textbooks and study guides are based on unified approaches to content, retain methodological, didactic, psychological and methodological unity, they use the same basic educational technologies, which, without changing in essence, are transformed at each stage of training.

Continuity. "School 2000" is a collection of subject courses from to school education to high school. Continuity is understood as the presence of a consistent chain of learning tasks throughout education, passing into each other and ensuring constant, objective and subjective advancement of students in each of the successive time periods.

Continuity. Continuity is understood as continuity at the boundaries of various stages or forms of education: kindergarten - elementary school - basic school - high school - university - postgraduate education, that is, ultimately, a single organization of these stages or forms within the framework of an integral education system.

The educational system "School 2000" gives students knowledge in accordance with the federal state educational standard. But according to its developers, it is not the knowledge itself that is more important, but the ability to use it.

Official site www.sch2000.ru

Peterson has strong, logical, consistent mathematics. If you are studying in Perspective or Planet of Knowledge, we strongly recommend that you additionally study Peterson with your child.

Spheres

A huge advantage of this program over many others is the continuity of education from grades 1 to 11.

Tutorials:

Primer Bondarenko

Mathematics Mirakov, Pchelintsev, Razumovsky

English Alekseev, Smirnova

Literary reading Kudin, Novlyanskaya

Russian language Zelenina, Khokhlova

Primary innovative school

Also absolutely new textbooks, untested program. Publishing house Russian word

Mathematics Geidman B.P., Misharina I.E., Zvereva E.A.

Russian language Kibireva L.V., Kleinfeld O.A., Melikhova G.I.

The world around us Romanova N.E., Samkova V.A.

"Harmony" edited by N. B. Istomina

This system correlates with the main ideas of developmental education and, in particular, with the Zankov system, in which Natalya Borisovna Istomina herself worked for a very long time.

Purpose: multilateral development of the child, comfortable learning, prepares the child's mental apparatus for further learning. Overcoming the differences between traditional and developmental learning patterns.

Tasks: to ensure that the child understands the issues being studied, to create conditions for harmonious relations between the teacher and the student and children with each other, to create situations for each student to succeed in cognitive activity.

Principles: organization of educational activities of students associated with the formulation of an educational task, with its solution, self-control and self-assessment; organization of productive communication, which is necessary condition formation of educational activities; the formation of concepts that provide in an accessible way for the younger school age level of awareness of cause-and-effect relationships, patterns and dependencies.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: the requirements for the features of the child's thought process follow from the connection with the Zankov system declared by the author. But like any traditional system, this program softens the requirements imposed on the student by the Zankov program.

The program "Harmony" The program of education in the primary school "Harmony" correlates with the main ideas of developmental education, and in particular, with the Zankov system.

The purpose of the program "Harmony" is the multilateral development of the child, comfortable learning, prepares the child's mental apparatus for further education. In the process of implementing the Harmony program, the child understands the issues being studied, conditions are created for harmonious relations between the teacher and the student and children with each other, situations of success in cognitive activity are created for each student.

Many parents and teachers note the very good presentation of the Russian language and literature course. Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: the requirements for the features of the child's thought process follow from the connection with the Zankov system declared by the author. But like any traditional system, this program softens the requirements imposed on the student by the Zankov program.

Educational and methodical set "Harmony" (under the editorship of N.B. Istomin (mathematics), M.S. Soloveichik and N.S. Kuzmenko (Russian), O.V. Kubasov (literary reading), O.T. Poglazova (the world around), N.M. Konysheva (labor training)) is successfully practiced in many schools. The methodological equipment of the "Harmony" set has been experimentally tested on different scales: at the level of diploma studies, which were supervised by the authors of the subject sets, at the level of candidate and doctoral studies, and at the level of mass testing in the practice of schools.

Opinion of a speech therapist

Due to socio-pedagogical neglect, 80% of children with speech disorders of various types go to the first grade. “The problem is also the lack of time that parents devote to activities with their children.”

Educational and methodical set in mathematics for a four-year elementary school N.B. Istomin was awarded the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education for 1999.

According to experts, the main idea of ​​the program is the comprehensive development of the child, the preservation and strengthening of physical and mental health, the development of the intellectual, creative, emotional, moral and volitional spheres of the individual. Much attention is paid to creating conditions for the child to understand the issues being studied, for harmonious relations between the teacher and the student, and children with each other.

Expert opinion

“I have been working with children for the second year under the Harmony program,” comments Elena Borisovna Ivanova-Borodacheva, an elementary school teacher at school No. 549 in Moscow. “My children and I really like this program. I think that all the material in the kit is well adapted for schoolchildren. Pros: firstly, there is advanced training. Secondly, the textbooks included in the kit contain a methodological part, with the help of which parents can study and explain the missed topic to their child. The program uses new learning technologies that allow you to develop the child's ability to think logically. For example, in a word where the student does not know what letter to write, he puts a “window” (author Soloveychik M.S.). Further, the child, together with the teacher, analyzes the questions that have arisen, remembers the rules and fills in the “window”. It is also noteworthy that the set offers tasks designed for children of different levels of preparedness. But there are also disadvantages: in mathematics (by Istomina N.B.), problem solving begins only in the second grade, and tests are offered the same for all classes. The issue of content is being addressed now. control works, their correspondence to programs and systems of education.

"School 2100"

The educational system "School 2100" is one of the programs for the development of general secondary education. Scientific director of the program from 1990 to August 2004 - Academician of the Russian Academy of Education A. A. Leontiev, since September 2004 - Academician of the Russian Academy of Education D.I. Feldstein.

The main advantage of the School 2100 educational and methodological package lies in the deep continuity and continuity of education. Under this program, children can study from preschool age and before graduating from a general education school (mainly in the direction of Russian language and literature).

All textbooks of the program are built taking into account psychological specificity age. A characteristic feature of this educational program is the "minimax" principle: educational material is offered to students to the maximum, and the student must learn the material according to the minimum standard. Thus, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can.

Firstly, it would be a system of developing education that prepares a new type of student - internally free, loving and able to relate creatively to reality, to other people, able not only to solve the old, but also to pose a new problem, able to make an informed choice and make independent decisions. ;

Secondly, it would be accessible to a mass school, would not require teachers to retrain anew;

Thirdly, it would be developed precisely as an integral system - from theoretical foundations, textbooks, programs, methodological developments to the system of advanced training of teachers, the system of control and monitoring of learning outcomes, the system of implementation in specific schools;

Fourth, it would be a system of holistic and continuous education.

The technology of problem-dialogical learning has been developed, which allows replacing the lesson of "explanation" of new material with the lesson of "discovery" of knowledge. Problem dialogue technology is detailed description teaching methods and their relationship with the content, forms and means of teaching. This technology is effective because it provides a high quality of knowledge acquisition, effective development of intellect and creative abilities, education of an active personality while maintaining the health of students. implemented on any subject content and any educational level.

One more important point should be noted. The program is often referred to as "School 2000-2100". And they combine mathematics Peterson L.G. into it. and Russian language Bunneva R.N. Currently, these are two different programs. UMK "School 2100" includes mathematics textbooks for grades 1-4 by the authors Demidova T.E., Kozlova S.A., Tonkikh A.P.

The main advantage of the educational and methodical set "School 2100" (under the editorship of A.A. Leontiev) lies in the deep continuity and continuity of education. Under this program, children can study from the age of three (a training kit for preschoolers has been created - a manual that develops logical thinking) and up to the university. All textbooks of the program are built taking into account the psychological specifics of age. A characteristic feature of this educational program is the following principle: the educational material is offered to students to the maximum, and the student must learn the material according to the minimum standard. Thus, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can.

Expert opinion

“I have been working on various programs, I have been working with children for the sixth year now using the School 2100 developmental system,” says Nadezhda Ivanovna Titova, a primary school teacher at school No. 549 in Moscow. - I like. Children learn to act independently. There are no ready-made rules and conclusions. This program aims to develop logical thinking, speech, imagination, memory. I will note the tasks in mathematics (author L.G. Peterson). They are very interesting, completing the task, the student can get additional information: find out a proverb or the name of the highest mountain in the world, etc. An unusual approach to the study of topics is offered by the Russian language training kit (author R.N. Buneev), but, unfortunately, Russian classical literature is not included in the list of literary works. There are difficulties in studying individual topics in the world around us (author A.A. Vakhrushev). I prepare for lessons in this subject longer than for others, and sometimes I even turn to a geography teacher for help. Children are active in the classroom, they are passionate about learning.

Website school2100.com

Zankov education system

Purpose: the general development of students, which is understood as the development of the mind, will, schoolchildren and as a reliable basis for their assimilation of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Objectives: one of the most important tasks is to educate a junior schoolchild about himself as a value. Education should be focused not so much on the whole class as a whole, but on each individual student. At the same time, the goal is not to “pull up” weak students to the level of strong ones, but to reveal the individuality and optimally develop each student, regardless of whether he is considered “strong” or “weak” in the class.

Principles: student independence, creative comprehension of the material. The teacher does not give the schoolchildren the truth, but makes them "dig" for themselves. The scheme is the opposite of the traditional one: first examples are given, and students themselves must draw theoretical conclusions. The acquired material is also fixed by practical tasks. The new didactic principles of this system are the rapid mastering of the material, a high level of difficulty, the leading role theoretical knowledge. Comprehension of concepts should occur in the understanding of systemic relationships.

Systematic work is carried out on the overall development of all students, including both strong and weak ones. It is important for students to be aware of their learning process.

Features that will allow the child to successfully study under this program: the willingness to work at a high pace, the ability to reflect, independently search for and assimilate information, and the willingness to be creative in solving the problem.

The system of primary education L.V. Zankov. The concept of L.V. Zankov's program was formulated in the 60s of the XX century.

The following provisions remain fundamental in it:

The educational material in all textbooks is presented in such forms that suggest independent activity students;

The Zankov system is aimed at the discovery and assimilation of new knowledge;

Of particular importance is the organization of educational material in various forms of comparison, including for setting problematic tasks. Textbooks ensure the regular inclusion of such exercises in the process of teaching the student;

The educational material is aimed at developing the skills of mental activity: to classify (objects and concepts by forming the corresponding operations), to formulate conclusions, to analyze the conditions of tasks and tasks.

The disadvantage of the Zankov system, as well as Elkonin-Davydov, is that they do not receive a worthy continuation at higher levels of school education. And if you choose one of them, be prepared that after elementary school your child will still have to adjust to traditional teaching, and this can create problems for him at first.

Parents' opinions about the Zankov program:

“We study according to Zankov. The first class is quite easy for us. We are not very happy even with some parents. The children studied for a very long time what they already knew. It's hard to learn, but so far we're doing well."

"Our class has completed the 1st year of study according to Zankov.

But ... The whole class went to the courses of the future first grader, and when the teacher offered the usual program or according to Zankov (I read on the Internet that it was difficult), I asked if the children could handle it. She replied that they could manage, but parents would have to help with their homework, and most agreed to this program. I helped my son for about six months, and then he began to cope, I just checked. Tests were taken at the end of the year. Mostly there were 5, a little 4. As the teacher explained to us, under this program, children are looking for solutions different ways or there may be multiple solutions. So far the results are good in my opinion. Let's see how it goes."

Developing system L.V. Zankova is aimed at developing the mind, will, feelings, spiritual needs of younger students, awakening their interest in understanding the broad picture of the world, dedication to learning, and the development of curiosity. The task of education is to give a general picture of the world on the basis of science, literature, and art. This program is aimed at providing conditions for self-realization, for revealing the individuality of the child, his inner world.

A distinctive feature of the Zankov system is training at a high level of difficulty, the passage of educational material "in a spiral". When completing tasks, children learn to draw theoretical conclusions, creatively comprehend the material.

Expert opinion

- I love the L.V. system very much. Zankova, - says Nadezhda Vladimirovna Kazakova, deputy director for educational work of secondary school No. 148 in Moscow. – The children I taught under this program are now in the seventh grade. As a specialist, I see excellent results in my studies. Schoolchildren are excellent at reasoning, arguing, the development of their horizons compares favorably with their peers, their working capacity is higher.

- The program is aimed at the comprehensive development of the child, it teaches children to extract information themselves, and not to receive ready-made information, - L.V. adds about the system. Zankova Tatyana Vladimirovna Korsakova, head of the Methodological Association of Teachers of Primary School No. 148 in Moscow. – By graduating from primary school according to this system, children become more liberated, they have about three times more knowledge than their peers.

zankov.ru/article.asp?edition=5&heading=26&article=26 - the system is clearly and completely described, you can't say better

schools.keldysh.ru/UVK1690/zankov.htm

Other Primary School Programs

But in general: letters and numbers are not fully taught in any of the programs approved by the Federal State Educational Standard, they apparently think that the child should be taught this by parents or tutors before school. Yes, and in modern textbooks there are many inaccuracies and even errors. That is why the number of children with dysgraphia is growing. One gets the impression that when the program is included in the Federal State Educational Standard, the interests of certain people who have nothing to do with the education of children are lobbied.

But still, the child will cope with any program if parents or a tutor help him.

"Our teacher insisted on parent-teacher meetings, so that the child must do the homework in front of his parents in the 1st grade, because he must learn to work at home correctly from the very beginning. All these programs are difficult, first of all, for parents, because parents will have to delve into , but there everything is still a little different than in Soviet school... Usually, in schools where developmental programs are held, weekly meetings are held for parents, at which they explain the material that children go through in this moment. Our school has the developing methodology of Elkonin-Davydov, but we abandoned it. Went to the School of Russia. It is for reasons of my convenience, tk. I don't have the opportunity to be at school so often. If my daughter does not understand something, I can explain it to her without the help of a teacher. And then, I tried to figure out the graphs in mathematics. I think she's wrong. And my daughter, she says to me: No, that's how they explained it to us. I will do so. After all, mom, you weren't at the lesson. Well, I think, make a mistake, let's see what they put you. I look at the next day, the teacher did not cross out. In general, I left her mathematics, reading and any drawing on her conscience. She made them while I was at work. And she kept her penmanship. This was her weak point. We sat with her all the evenings over these prescriptions. It happened that to tears (and to mine, too). As a result, I wrote the final writing test without a single mistake and blot, but in my favorite mathematics I made as many as 2 mistakes.

So, dear parents of future first-graders, whatever program you choose, work with children at home, and then the child will cope with any program.

I hope you and I managed to figure out at least approximately what an educational program is and which one is closer to your child. And now we will be able to consciously approach the choice of school, class, teacher. We can roughly imagine what questions to ask in order to assess whether a given teacher in a given school will be able to fully implement the principles of the chosen program ... We will be able to properly prepare the child for the start of school, taking into account, if possible, the inclinations and nature of our little, but personalities. Good luck and good grades to your child!"

This issue is especially acute for parents of future first-graders. Everyone wants not to harm either the child or themselves. A survey of acquaintances and the study of sites begins in the hope of finding an answer to the question of interest.

Parents face a choice educational program.

But whatever the program, a lot depends on the primary school teacher: teaching style, interest, responsibility, attitude towards children and work. It would probably be fair to say that in elementary school "you need to go to the teacher." So it’s worth learning more about the teachers who will recruit future first graders and.

Let's start by listing the existing programs for the 2017-2018 academic year in Russian schools:

It should also be noted that all curricula are developed in accordance with the CEO, which allows you to master the necessary minimum of knowledge (the invariant part of the textbooks) or the knowledge that is acceptable for the curious (the variable part).

Let's analyze the pros and cons of curriculums in elementary school:

OS "School 2100"

This program is continuous with kindergarten and up to grade 11. Covers a large amount of material. The teacher directs and controls the search activity of students. The most difficult subjects are mathematics Kozlova S. A. and the world around Vakhrusheva A. A.
At the moment, the program is limited in the use of schools, since the textbooks were not included in the Federal List, that is, they did not pass the examination of the Ministry of Education.

Pros: students are trained to learn and acquire knowledge. They can easily find the information they need. They write a lot of essays and presentations, essays, have a broad outlook of knowledge.

Minuses: tasks are feasible for mastering middle and high level students, requires control and assistance from parents. Another disadvantage is that not all middle and high school teachers are ready to continue their education in the 5th grade.

• first of all, parents of future first-graders need to focus on the level of development of their child;
• take seriously the choice of a primary school teacher, because a competent, experienced teacher will make any program interesting and useful, and the child will definitely learn it;
• it is also necessary to remember that the success of education depends not only on the teacher, but also on the desire of parents to participate in the life of the student himself, to spend their time and energy.

The traditional system of education is built like this: the teacher explains the new material, in the class he understands it in detail. Then the students memorize it, repeat it at home, and the teacher checks their knowledge during tests or answers at the blackboard. Designed for children who did not know how to read before school. Learning to read and write goes hand in hand. In mathematics, more attention is paid to counting skills, less to the development of logical thinking. The content of the material is constantly updated.

Program "School 2100"

Close to traditional teaching methods. Basic principle: development of the child's personality, individual approach. Each child has his own minimum and maximum tasks. Training is built according to the scheme "from simple to complex". Each time, the children are offered to perform not fundamentally new tasks, but similar to the previous ones, but at a more complex level. The purpose of the program: to teach children to navigate in any situation and to adapt to new conditions more easily.

Program "Harmony"

The main idea of ​​the program is the comprehensive development of the child, the preservation and strengthening of the physical and mental health of the child. Focused on the creativity of the child, the program is built on traditional national culture. The learning process combines different types activities: gaming, cognitive, speech, design, natural history, mathematics, etc. Much attention is paid to fine arts. The structure of the program provides for work in two directions: the accumulation of social experience of knowing oneself and the world around (see, hear, play) and the implementation of this experience in the conditions of the child’s independent creative activity (do, create). Training in the classroom is carried out with small subgroups of children (5-8 people) with the determination of the mandatory minimum of program material that a child can learn, taking into account his age and individual capabilities.

waldorf program

The program of the Waldorf Schools combines academic subjects with artistic and practical skills. Artistic techniques are also widely used, there is no system of competitive assessments and indicators. AT primary school little attention is paid to academic subjects. Reading is not taught until grade 2, although children are introduced to letters (in grades 1 and 2). In secondary school (grades 1-8), students have a class teacher (main) who teaches, supervises and takes care of children and stays with the class for all 8 years of school.

The main activities in Waldorf schools are art, music, gardening, foreign languages ​​(usually 2 in high school). In elementary school, subjects are introduced gradually from the artistic environment, since children respond better to this environment than to dry lectures and cramming. All children learn to play the flute and knit.

Parents are required to participate in school life.

L. V. Zankov's program

The developing program of very high level of complexity. The child is subject to increased demands. He must be absolutely healthy and developed intellectually. The child needs at least basic reading and counting skills, good attention and memory. With this program, the success of teaching is much more than with the traditional system depends on the personality and professionalism of the teacher. Homework is designed in such a way that the child will probably need the help of parents. Zankov's program develops thinking, teaches you to reason, get information yourself and draw conclusions. Emphasis is placed on teaching science and mathematics. The disadvantages of the program are that it is designed only for elementary school, and in high school, children have to adapt to a different educational system.

Community Program

This is an international project of the Open Society Institute. Two teachers work with each class: main and assistant. The main goal of the program is to develop the child’s abilities that would help him adapt in life, constantly learn, think critically, be able to make choices and be responsible for them, pose and solve problems, take care of people, and show ingenuity. At first, children are not graded, but successes are noted. The class is divided into several "Centers" of creativity, science, writing, reading. There is a corner of privacy. At the beginning of each school day, the child decides what he wants to do today. Parents are required to participate in the learning process.

School of Tomorrow Program

This program includes intensive training English language. The basis of the program: individualized training. Each child is given the opportunity to study as much learning material as he can learn in accordance with his abilities. After the child learns to read and write in English in the first grade of elementary school, he moves on to the main program. The program includes 5 main subjects: mathematics, English, social sciences, natural sciences, word formation, Russian language and literature. The child has his own workplace, called "office", where he always has in front of him a map of his progress (success) and a map of goals (tasks) with which he works every day. Coming in the morning, the student checks what goals he has set for himself for today, and begins to work independently. Before going home, the student sets himself goals for tomorrow.

Gymnasium classes

Training goes according to an in-depth and extended traditional program. The gymnasium program is quite complex, designed for practically healthy children with high level intellectual development. A foreign language starts from grades 1-2. Second language learning begins in high school. The program may include additional subjects: rhetoric, art history, choreography, etc.
Based on the materials of "Komsomolskaya Pravda"