Memorable dates June 5. Constitution Day in Denmark

Rusalia

June 5 (date for 2011)
The holiday of Pitchfork and Madder, the Earthly Moisture, begins with the honoring of ancestors, who are invited to stay in the house, scattering fresh birch branches in the corners of the house.

This is also a day of remembrance and communication with water, meadow and forest navyas - mermaid spirits of a kind. According to legends, those who die prematurely without becoming an adult or who pass away voluntarily become mermaids and merman.

Women carry out secret rites, leaving the housework to men, sometimes for the whole week. And those who have children leave their children’s old clothes, towels, and linens for the mermaid children in the field or on the branches near the springs. We need to appease the mermaid spirits so that they do not pester children and other relatives, so that they contribute to the fertility of our fields, meadows and forests, and give them the juices of the Earth to drink.

According to legend, during Mermaid Week, mermaids could be seen near rivers, in flowering fields, in groves and, of course, at crossroads and in cemeteries. They said that during the dances, mermaids perform a ritual associated with the protection of crops. They could also punish those who tried to work on the holiday: trample the sprouted ears, send a crop failure, rainstorms, storms or drought.

A meeting with a mermaid promised untold riches or turned into misfortune. Girls, as well as children, should be wary of mermaids. It was believed that mermaids could take a child into their round dance, tickle or dance to death. Therefore, during Mermaid Week, children and girls were strictly forbidden to go into the field or meadow. If during Mermaid Week (the week after Trinity, already during Christianity) children died or died, they said that they were taken in by mermaids.

To protect yourself from a mermaid's love spell, you had to carry sharp-smelling plants with you: wormwood, horseradish and garlic.

Green Christmastide (Spiritual Day)

June 5 (date for 2011)
Green Christmastide (Spirit Day) was the main boundary between winter and summer. In the popular calendar (with the adoption of Christianity), the Trinity holiday was timed to coincide with these days. Green Christmastide rituals welcomed the first greenery and the beginning of summer field work.

The cycle of green Christmastide consisted of several rituals: bringing a birch tree into the village, wreathing of wreaths, kumeleniya, funeral of the cuckoo (Kostroma or mermaid). The birch tree was a symbol of inexhaustible vitality. As during winter Christmas carols, all rituals were attended by mummers portraying animals, devils and mermaids. In the songs sung during the green holidays, two main themes can be distinguished: love and work. It was believed that imitation labor activity ensured the well-being of future field work.

While singing the song “You succeed, succeed, my flax,” the girls showed the process of sowing flax, weeding it, harvesting it, carding it and spinning it. The singing of the song “We sowed millet” was accompanied by movements in which the participants reproduced the processes of sowing, collecting, threshing, and pouring millet into the cellar.

In ancient times, both songs were performed in the fields and performed a magical function. Later, the ritual meaning was lost, and they began to be sung in places of celebration.

It was customary to bring birch branches and bouquets of first flowers into the house. They were dried and stored in a secluded place all year. After the harvest began, the plants were placed in the granary or mixed with fresh hay. Wreaths were made from tree leaves collected during the holiday and placed in pots where cabbage seedlings were planted. Trinity plants were believed to have magical powers.

To ensure a high harvest, a special prayer service was sometimes served. Associated with it is the custom of “crying on flowers” - dropping tears on the turf or a bunch of flowers.

After completing special prayers, all participants went to the cemetery, where they decorated the graves with birch branches and provided refreshments. Having remembered the dead, they went home, leaving food at the cemetery.

Green Christmastide ended with the ritual of funeral or farewell to Kostroma. The image of Kostroma is associated with the end of the green Christmastide; ceremonies and rituals often took the form of ritual funerals.

Kostroma could be depicted by a beautiful girl or young woman, dressed in white, with oak branches in her hands. She was chosen from those participating in the ritual, surrounded by a girl’s round dance, after which they began to bow and show signs of respect. “Dead Kostroma” was laid on boards, and the procession moved to the river, where “Kostroma was awakened,” and the celebration ended with a bath.

In addition, the Kostroma funeral ceremony could be carried out with a straw effigy. Accompanied by a round dance, the effigy was carried around the village and then buried in the ground, burned at the stake or thrown into the river. It was believed that the following year Kostroma would resurrect and come to earth again, bringing fertility to the fields and plants.

Reclamation Day

Today we celebrate the professional holiday of the earth's workers - people, thanks to whose work the lands are being radically improved and revived. Today Russia celebrates Land Reclamation Day.

Land Reclamation Day was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 24, 1976. In Russia, the holiday was introduced in 2000 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation and is celebrated annually on the first Sunday in June.

Melioration (from the Latin melioratio - improvement) is a complex of technical, organizational and economic measures, the purpose of which is to radically improve land. IN last years Scientists also became involved in the problems of land reclamation, beginning to solve problems of land reclamation from a scientific point of view.

The tasks of reclamation, and, consequently, reclamation workers, include the creation of favorable conditions for agriculture: soil improvement, control and monitoring of the water, air, thermal and food regimes of the soil and its moisture regime. Land reclamation specialists are concerned with changes in temperature and air movement in the ground layer of the atmosphere, contribute to the improvement of the area and the improvement of natural environment. Reclamation workers strive to create favorable conditions not only for the people cultivating the land, but also for the inhabitants of flora and fauna.

The result of the activities of land reclamation workers is the development of agriculture: more stable crop yields are ensured, the country's land fund is used rationally, a strong feed base for livestock is created, and desert and wetlands are intensively developed.

It should be mentioned that in Ancient Egypt, India, Mesopotamia, significant areas were irrigated approximately 5-3 thousand years BC. e. The ancients also mastered the technique of draining land. Reclamation work - irrigation, drainage, colmatage, river regulation - was also carried out in China, Korea, Algeria, the Arabian Peninsula, and Central Africa. Irrigation, one of the main land reclamation activities, received the greatest attention. Thus, by the beginning of the 19th century, 8 million hectares were irrigated in the world, and by the beginning of the 20th century this figure increased to 48 million hectares.

World Conservation Day environment

Celebrated annually on June 5, World Environment Day is one of the United Nations' primary ways to raise global awareness of environmental issues and stimulate political interest and action to protect the environment.

The holiday was established in accordance with a resolution adopted in June 1972 at the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. The celebration of this Day is designed to awaken in every person the desire to contribute to the protection of the environment.

In other words, it is necessary to give the peoples of the world the opportunity to actively promote sustainable and equitable development, to promote understanding that the basic driving force We ourselves, our society, are responsible for changing approaches to environmental issues. And also explain the usefulness of partnerships so that all countries and peoples have a safer and more prosperous future.

World Environment Day is a “people's event” with colorful spectacles such as street rallies, cyclist parades, green concerts, essay and poster competitions in schools, tree planting, and waste recovery and cleanup campaigns.

The Porcelain Manufactory was founded in St. Petersburg - the first porcelain production in Russia and one of the oldest in Europe. In 1765, the manufactory became known as the Imperial Porcelain Factory, after 1917 - the State Porcelain Factory, and in 1925 it was named after M. V. LOMONOSOV.

They tried to organize the production of porcelain even under PETER I, but attempts to find out its secrets, as well as attracting foreigners, did not lead to success. A native of Suzdal, Dmitry Ivanovich VINOGRADOV, achieved success. At the age of 16, he, together with Lomonosov and RAISER, on the recommendation of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and the imperial decree, was sent to “German lands to study, among other sciences and arts, especially the most important chemistry and metallurgy, as well as everything that concerns mining or manuscript art.” In 1744, Vinogradov returned to Russia and was awarded the title of Bergmeister. He developed the composition of porcelain mass, glaze and ceramic paints for painting on porcelain. In 1752, the first samples of domestic porcelain were received, and the next year orders from private individuals began to be accepted.

1896 115 years ago

The beginning of the weavers' strike in St. Petersburg, in which over 30,000 workers took part and which lasted until 30 (June 1.

1910

The first flight in Russia on a domestically designed aircraft was made in Kyiv by its creator, Professor of the Polytechnic Institute Alexander KUDASHEV. He took off 3 meters from the ground and flew several tens of meters. The flight was carried out without warning and therefore was not registered by the Imperial All-Russian Aero Club, which officially recognized the first flight of the Gakkel-III aircraft, which took place the next day at the Gatchina airfield, by Yakov GAKKEL.

1916 95 years ago

The next day after the start of the offensive in the auxiliary directions of Tarnopol (modern Ternopil) and Chernivtsi (Chernivtsi), the commander of the Southwestern Front, General A. A. BRUSILOV, launched the main blow in the direction of Lutsk with the forces of the 8th Army under the command of A. M. KALEDIN. After almost two days of artillery preparation, units of the 8th Army at 9:25 am attacked the Austrian positions, which consisted of 2-3 fortified strips at a distance of 5-11 km from each other. Each strip consisted of 2-3 lines of trenches with reinforced concrete firing points and wire barriers in several rows. The positions of the defenders were immediately crushed, and by the end of June 7, the army had advanced 25-35 km in depth on a front 70-80 km wide. 4th Austrian army was completely defeated, over 44 thousand soldiers and officers surrendered.

IN future fate divorced the heroes of the Lutsk breakthrough: Brusilov served in the Red Army, and Kaledin led the anti-Soviet Cossack rebellion on the Don and shot himself after its suppression. The more time passed, the more often the breakthrough of the troops of the Southwestern Front began to be called the Brusilov breakthrough, and the name of Kaledin was not mentioned at all in this regard.

The writer Ivan Alekseevich BUNIN and his wife Vera arrived at the Savelovsky station to leave Moscow forever, and after some time, Russia.

This period of my life and Russian destinies the writer called the “cursed days” when, first in the October period, he fled from a village estate to Moscow, hoping to find refuge in his wife’s parental home. But a civil war flared up in the country, and the Bunins decided to move on. The foreign passport and permission to leave were obtained thanks to the fact that Bunin, the official in charge of foreign affairs in the Soviet government, had once fussed over the Moscow mayor. From the Savelovsky station, the Bunins moved to Aleksandrovsky (now called Belorussky, but at that time called Smolensky or Brest), where they were given a compartment in an ambulance car. We moved very slowly and with long stops - Vyazma, Smolensk, three days later in Orsha. This was already the border; the Germans were on the other side. Moving over, Bunin cried, realizing that he was “leaving behind both Russia and his entire former life.”

From Gomel by steamship to Kyiv, and from there to Odessa, where at first the Austrians and Germans ruled, then they were replaced by the British and French, followed by the Petliurists and Poles, until everyone, including the White Guards with tsarist generals, the Reds didn’t kick them out. Bunin again decided whether to return to Moscow (now permission to leave Odessa was required), but at the beginning of 1920 the couple made their final choice, becoming passengers on the Sparta steamship. In 1933, the writer was named the first Russian Nobel laureate on literature.

The Labor and Defense Council adopted a resolution on the organization of machine and tractor stations (MTS).

1944

In the ranks Soviet army The 130th Latvian Rifle Corps was formed, which included the 43rd Guards and 308th Latvian Rifle Divisions. Major General Detlav BRANTKALN was appointed commander. In July, the corps liberated the first settlements on the territory of Latvia, in October - Riga and until the end of the war he blocked the Courland group of enemy troops.

1945

The military leaders of the Allied powers ZHUKOV, EISENHOWER, MONTGOMERY and DELATRE DE TASIGNY signed the Declaration of the defeat of Germany and the acceptance of supreme power there by the governments of the USSR, USA, Great Britain and France.

1954

The Moscow Variety Theater opened.

An accident on the Volga near Ulyanovsk of the passenger ship "Alexander Suvorov", which crashed into a bridge. Rumor has it that several hundred people died.

In 987, Vladimir, Prince of Kiev, renounced paganism and adopted the Orthodox faith. The following year, he gathered all the Russian people on the banks of the Dnieper, in the waters of which he was baptized by Byzantine priests. From that time on, Orthodoxy became the state religion in Rus'.

During the reign of Prince Vladimir, Christian values were supported by state authorities. Prince of Kyiv contributed to the establishment of hospitals and almshouses, and took care of feeding the poor. The construction and decoration of churches received state support, the first school was created, and the training of the Russian clergy began.

On June 5, 1988, a thousand years after the baptism of Rus', solemn festivities began in Moscow, which lasted until June 12, the day of remembrance of all Russian saints.

Throughout the week, festive services were held in Moscow churches, and on June 11 an all-night vigil was held. Then celebrations took place in Kyiv, Leningrad and Vladimir, and after June 18 - in dioceses.

After a 70-year period of inculcation of atheism in the country, new stage in Russian history Orthodox Church. New churches began to be opened, restored and built. More and more people began to turn to God, the Bible and church literature became available, and spiritual Christian programs appeared on television.

2003

In North Ossetia, a suicide bomber blew up a bus carrying service personnel from a military airfield near Mozdok.

Born on this day

1699
Nikita Yurievich TRUBETSKOY
(1699 - 27.10.1767),
prince, field marshal general, prosecutor general, president of the Military Collegium.

The prominent Russian statesman managed to survive everything safely palace coups and successfully served eight sovereigns. He was being prepared for diplomatic service, and at the age of 20, after studying abroad, the young man was taken among the orderlies of PETER I. His promotion in ranks began under ANNA IOANNOVNA. Having no inclination for military activities, during the Polish and Turkish campaigns the prince was given charge of the commissariat unit, that is, the monetary and clothing supply of the troops. He was given protection by Field Marshal Count Christopher MINICH, who had affection for the prince’s second wife, Anna Danilovna. The count also helped Trubetskoy, instead of being appointed governor to Siberia, to receive the more prominent post of prosecutor general. His patron went to Siberia, into exile, with the accession of ELIZAVETA PETROVNA, but this did not affect the fate of the prince in any way: he found himself in the camp of the count’s enemies in time and presided over his trial. After 20 years of prosecutorial activity, he received the rank of Field Marshal, without any military merit, and was appointed senator and president of the Military Collegium. He did not lose anything under PETER III or under Catherine II, who overthrew him.

Such an enviable, prosperous existence at court was explained by the most base and hypocritical adjustment to the tastes of the monarchs: under Peter I, the prince bawled like a calf for the amusement of the king, wept together with the pious Elizabeth, and to please Peter III marched at the head of his platoon in a Prussian uniform through the mud, raising his legs high. Therefore, despite his education, high ranks and positions, the prince earned unfavorable reviews from almost all of his contemporaries.

1798
Alexey Fedorovich LVOV
(1798 - 28.12.1870),
violinist and composer, author of the music for the first Russian anthem.

He was the son of Fyodor Pavlovich Lvov, director of the Court Singing Chapel, from his first marriage. The composer was born in Reval (modern Tallinn), where his father then served as a customs inspector. In 1818, he graduated first from the Institute of Railway Engineers and received the rank of ensign. In November 1826, Lvov entered service at the headquarters of the gendarme corps and acted as secretary to the chief of gendarmes, Count BENKENDORF, accompanying him during trips with Emperor NICHOLAS I. The Tsar then recognized Lvov well and in August 1833 instructed him to create the Russian anthem (history of creation see the anthem on the calendar sheet for December 18).

In 1837, Lvov became his father's successor, heading the Court Singing Chapel. During a trip to Europe in 1840, he met many musical celebrities. The string quartet that he led was considered one of the best chamber ensembles in Europe. In addition to spiritual and secular musical works, Lvov also wrote several operas, which, however, were not successful. In 1843, he was promoted to major general in His Majesty's retinue, later became a privy councilor and promoted to chamberlain. But due to a fall from a horse in 1846, Lvov began to go deaf, and in 1861 he left his position as director of the chapel. Having completely lost his hearing, he left St. Petersburg and died in December 1870 on his Roman estate, near Kovna (modern Kaunas).

1896 115 years ago
Mikhail Pavlovich ALEKSEEV
(1896 - 19.9.1981),
historian and literary theorist, academician, honorary doctor of Oxford, Paris, Bordeaux, Rostock, and Budapest universities.

1930
Vladimir Ivanovich POPOV
(1930 - 1.4.1987),
animator director. It’s somehow strange that his name is practically unknown, while everyone knows the heroes from Prostokvashino. And there were also Umka, “Bobik visiting Barbos,” stories for “Wick.”

1935
Kakhi KAVSADZE
(1935),
Georgian film actor who played Abdullah in the film “White Sun of the Desert.”

1973
Elena AZAROVA
(1973),
two-time Olympic champion (2000, 2004) in synchronized swimming in group exercises.

Died

1975
Pavel Pavlovich VIRSKY
(25.2.1905 - 1975),
dancer, choreographer, organizer and director of the Ukrainian Folk Dance Ensemble, People's Artist of the USSR.

1990
Vasily Vasilievich KUZNETSOV
(13.2.1901 - 1990),
diplomat, 1st Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1977-86).

1994
Nikolay Timofeevich DEMENTYEV
(27.7.1915 - 1994),
football player, forward for Leningrad clubs, Moscow Dynamo and Spartak, three-time champion of the USSR, Honored Master of Sports.

1997
Irina Yurievna METLITSKAYA
(5.10.1961 - 1997),
actress.

Born on October 5, 1961 in Severodvinsk. She studied at a physics and mathematics special school. Film director Igor Dobrolyubov looked into this school in search of a girl main role and invited her to the filming of the film “Schedule for the Day After Tomorrow,” where she played the role of Katya Shumeiko. This role turned Irina’s life upside down. And although, after graduating from school, she entered the physics department of the Belarusian state university, but after studying for only a year, she left for Moscow, where she entered the Shchukin School.

Graduated from the Theater School named after. B.V. Shchukin (course of A.G. Burov) in 1984. In her fourth year she began acting at the Sovremennik Theater. After graduating from college, she was accepted into the troupe of the Sovremennik Theater.

In 1991-1993 she worked at the Roman Viktyuk Theater. Irina Metlitskaya took part in performances of the Theater of the Moon (in particular, she played Theodora in the play “Byzantium”).

Irina Metlitskaya died of leukemia. She was buried at the Troekurovskoye cemetery in Moscow.

2009
Boris Alexandrovich POKROVSKY
(23.1.1912 - 2009),
Opera director of the Bolshoi Theater, founder, artistic director and director of the Moscow Chamber Musical Theater, People's Artist of the USSR (1961).

City Days

Penza

348th anniversary
the birthplace of the Russian circus

Year of foundation: 1663. Penza celebrates City Day on the 1st Sunday in June.
In 2011, this date is June 5.
Penza Penza is a merchant city.
Penza is located on the Volga Upland, on the Sura River.

The city was founded in 1663 as a fortress. Then a settlement appeared around the fortress. Two years later, the town's population is about 3,300 people. The city is actively growing, despite frequent raids by Razin atamans and nomads.

In the 18th century, Penza became an inland city of Russia and lost its border status. In the second half of the 18th century, the Penza region became one of the main areas of landownership in the country. Penza had a reputation as one of the largest nests of the Russian nobility. Here were the estates of the Sheremetevs, Shuvalovs, Golitsyns, Kurakins, Tatishchevs, Trubetskoys, Dolgorukys, Suvorovs, Vorontsovs, Razumovskys.

The glory of a merchant city is assigned to Penza. In 1780, it became the center of the Penza governorship, subordinate to the Kazan governor-general. Since the mid-19th century, new industries have appeared in the city. The largest of them in pre-revolutionary Penza was a paper mill, now the Mayak factory.

During the First World War, a plant was built in Penza for the production of remote tubes for explosive devices. In 1918, Soviet power was established in Penza. In the years civil war Penza is in the center peasant uprisings in the villages of the Penza province. In May 1918, bloody battles took place in the city with troops of the Czechoslovak corps.

Before the Great Patriotic War, industry was actively developing here: a confectionery, knitting, sewing, biscuit factories, a soft drink factory and a calculating machine factory were built, the production of bicycles and wristwatch. In 1939, the Penza region was formed.

In the first years of the Great Patriotic War Penza has turned into one of the country's most powerful centers for the production of mortar weapons.
Assumption Cathedral

Modern Penza retains the status of a large industrial and cultural center.

The sights of Penza are represented by a belfry with a mortar, on the site of a city fortress tower, the First Settler monument, the Assumption Cathedral, a musical fountain and military-themed monuments.

Penza is the birthplace of the Russian circus: in 1873, the city hosted the first performance of a circus owned by Russian entrepreneurs, the Nikitin brothers.

About 510 thousand people live in the city.
City Day in Penza was first celebrated on June 1, 1986 at the Trud stadium. The anniversary of the 531,000th resident of the city was announced here. A three-month-old baby named Nadya Kozhevnikova was brought on a Volga with a stork on the roof and presented with all kinds of gifts. Nowadays, the holiday is celebrated on the first Sunday of June.

In 1781, the coat of arms of Penza was approved. The image on the coat of arms of three golden sheaves standing on golden ground in a green field meant wealth and noble agriculture. The image was borrowed from the emblem of the Penza regiment, compiled by the Italian Count Francis Santi. In 2005, the historical coat of arms was re-approved.

The flag of Penza was created based on the symbolism of the coat of arms

The Swiss physician Paracelsus is classified by history among the galaxy of great reformers of the Renaissance, who, having rejected all authorities, proclaimed practical experience to be the only source of knowledge.

On June 5, 1527, Paracelsus posted the program of his lectures on the notice board of the university in Basel. Teaching began with a scandal. Firstly, Paracelsus invited everyone to his lectures and told them absolutely everything he knew, while his fellow doctors believed that the art of healing should be surrounded by secrets. Secondly, Paracelsus gave lectures in German, and not in Latin, as was customary then. The doctor believed that the main thing is not tradition, but that students understand what the teacher is telling them. Well, thirdly, at the very first lecture, Paracelsus burned the works of doctors Galen and Avicenna in front of the eyes of an astonished audience. At that time, Galen and Avicenna were considered an indisputable authority, but Paracelsus declared that even the ties of his shoes knew more than these ancient “sweepers.” In addition to this, the lecturer preferred to teach students not in classes, but at the patient’s bedside, because he believed that the main thing for a doctor is experience and practice.

The brilliant lecturer, of course, had a lot of envious people. Having learned that the intriguers were going to set the Inquisition against him, Paracelsus hastily left the university and began to wander around the countries of Europe.

Already at the age of 33, he was called a great doctor, and all thanks to the fact that he received his knowledge not from ancient books, as was customary then, but during his travels. As a doctor, he participated in many battles, visited almost all countries of Europe, Africa, the East, Rus', even in Tatar captivity. During his campaigns, Paracelsus communicated with barbers, blacksmiths, shepherds, gypsies and old healers, and learned many techniques of traditional medicine. Paracelsus cured those whom other doctors refused. Many considered him a brilliant doctor, but there were also those who claimed that he was a deceiver and a charlatan. Moreover, he did not mince words, had a sharp tongue and was known as a bully and a duelist.
Paracelsus also had many enemies among pharmacists, because he made a kind of revolution in medicines - he abandoned centuries-old, difficult to formulate, expensive and at the same time not very effective drugs. Pharmacists made good money from their production, while Paracelsus used inexpensive, simple, but powerful remedies. He actively used medicinal herbs, added chemicals to medicines, introduced the concept of sterility into surgery and strongly recommended natural remedies: fresh air, rest, diet and healing mineral water. Until the end of his days, despite all the machinations of his enemies, Paracelsus treated, researched, taught, performed alchemical experiments and conducted astrological observations. He bequeathed all his property to the poor.

In 1783, entrepreneurs and inventors brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier publicly tested a balloon for the first time in the market square of the small French town of Annona. The balloon, covered with canvas and rope mesh, rose to a height of 1,800 meters. There was no crew.

In September of the same year, a ram, a rooster and a duck were lifted into the air on a “hot air balloon,” as such balloons began to be called, and landed in full health. And on November 21, a 25-minute flight was made for the first time by people: the French Pilatre de Rosier and his friend the Marquis de Arlandes.

In 1798, Alexey Lvov was born, a violinist and composer, author of the music for the first Russian anthem - “God Save the Tsar!”

He graduated from the Institute of Railway Engineers and was the secretary of the chief of gendarmes Alexander Benkendorf. Emperor Nicholas I noticed Lvov's musical abilities and in the summer of 1833 commissioned him to write the music for the national anthem. For a long time nothing worked, but one evening the monarch’s order was completed in just a few minutes.

At the end of 1833, the Russian Empire acquired its first and last anthem based on the words of Vasily Zhukovsky. In 1837, Lvov headed the court singing choir and became a major general in the imperial retinue. In 1846, the composer fell unsuccessfully from a horse, began to lose his hearing, and eventually became deaf. In December 1870, he died on his estate near Kovno.

In 1898, in the town of Fuente Vaqueros in the Spanish province of Granada, the future Spanish poet and playwright Federico García Lorca was born into the family of an Andalusian landowner.

The author of “The Gypsy Romancero”, “The Poet in New York”, “The House of Bernarda Alba” and “Bloody Wedding” became the idol of more than one generation of writers and literature admirers.
“I hate the organ, the lyre and the flute. I love human voice, a lonely human voice, tormented by love."
It was his choice and knowledge of his fate.
He said: “The saddest joy is to be a poet. Everything else doesn't count. Even death."

When I die
bury me with a guitar
in river sand.
When I die...
In the old orange grove,
in any flower.
When I die
I'll be a weather vane on the roof,
in the wind.
Quiet…
when I die!

On August 19, 1936, near Granada, Lorca was shot by Spanish fascists. After this, until the death of General Franco in 1975, Lorca's books were banned in Spain.

In 1935, People's Artist of the Georgian SSR, star of the Tbilisi Academic Theater named after Shota Rustaveli Kakha Kavsadze, was born.

He began acting in films in the late 50s, and ten years later his role as Abdullah in the film “White Sun of the Desert” brought him all-Union fame. With great difficulty, Vladimir Motyl managed to get the handsome Kavsadze into the authorities for the role of a purely negative character.

Then, in 1974 - 80, Georgia Film based on the scripts of Rezo Gabriadze produced a series of short comedy films about the funny adventures of three road workers - “Butterfly”, “Three Rubles”, “Luck”, etc. In these films, very popular in their time, Kahi played the strong but good-natured Kahu. The series “The Life of Don Quixote and Sancho”, in which Kavsadze played the role of the legendary knight, received many enthusiastic reviews and prizes. The filming of “Don Quixote...” took place in very difficult conditions: “If I act again the way I did then, I will die halfway through the film,” says the actor. - These were absolutely inhuman conditions. First, we were not fed anything. What I ate, I made myself. When I was called to audition, I weighed one hundred and ten kilograms, and at the end of the film I weighed seventy-eight.”

Kakha Davidovich does not like to watch films with his participation. Surprisingly, he first saw the film “White Sun of the Desert” only in 2000! And after watching it he said: “I watched it because I wanted to understand what people like so much here. Tolya Kuznetsov is fantastic, Luspekayev is fantastic, Mishulin is wonderful. And they say about me that I’m not bad either. But the main merit belongs to director Motyl.”

In 1965, the Russian Sappho was honored in England...

On this day, Oxford University awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Literature to “the greatest of modern Russian poets - 76-year-old Anna Akhmatova, whose poetry and her own fate reflected the fate of the Russian people,” as English newspapers wrote in those days. Meanwhile, the magical muse of Akhmatova Soviet authority I didn’t recognize it for a long time. Real fame came to her only after death.

1718 - Thomas Chippendale, English furniture maker, creator of unique Rococo style furniture, was born.

1723 - Adam Smith, English economist and philosopher, was born.

1783 - the Montgolfier brothers launched the first hot air balloon to a height of 1800 m in their hometown of Annonay.

1799 - German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, together with the French botanist Aimé Bonpland, began a journey through the Central and South America.

1806 - Louis Bonaparte proclaimed the creation of the Kingdom of Holland.

1849 - Denmark is proclaimed a constitutional monarchy, a bicameral parliament is established, formed on the basis of general elections.

1873 - under pressure from England, the Zanzibar slave market, the largest in the world, was closed.

1883 - Lord John Maynard Keynes, English economist and political figure, founder of Keynesianism.

1897 “The construction of the cruiser Aurora has begun at the New Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg.”

1898 - born Federico García Lorca (d. 1936), Spanish poet and playwright.

1909 - The first national aeronautics competition held in the United States was won by John Berry and Paul McCullough. The distance they covered was 608 km.

1910 - O. Henry (real name William Sidney Porter), American writer, died.

1912 - US Marines landed in Cuba.

1940 - The first synthetic rubber tires were demonstrated in the USA.

1945 - Division of Berlin. The military leaders of the Allied powers Zhukov, Eisenhower, Montgomery and Latre de Tassigny signed a Declaration in Berlin on the defeat of Germany and the assumption of supreme power there by the governments of the USSR, USA, Great Britain and France.

1947 - US Secretary of State George Marshall gave a speech at Harvard University in which he outlined a program to help post-war Europe, later called the Marshall Plan

1953 - The US Senate rejected China's membership in the UN.

1965 - Oxford University awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Literature to “the greatest of modern Russian poets - 76-year-old Anna Akhmatova, whose poetry and her own fate reflected the fate of the Russian people” - as they wrote in the English press.

1967 - The Six-Day Arab-Israeli War began in the Middle East.

1968 - after winning the primary presidential elections Senator Robert Kennedy was mortally wounded in California and died the next day. Five more people were injured. The killer Serhan Bishara Serhan was immediately captured.

1977 - The first personal computer, Apple II, went on sale.

2006 - Serbia declared independence. The state union of Serbia and Montenegro was finally liquidated.

2010 - NASA experts suggested that the American automatic interplanetary station Cassini discovered signs of life on Saturn's moon Titan.

On the same day, the same-sex marriage law came into force in Portugal.

2012 - Ray Bradbury, the iconic American science fiction writer, has died.

World Environment Day

June 5 is World Environment Day. It was established by the UN General Assembly in 1972 and since then has been celebrated annually by the entire world community. The reason for this worldwide action was an appeal received on May 11, 1971 by the UN Secretary General. The appeal was signed by 2,200 scientists and cultural figures from 23 countries. They warned humanity about the unprecedented danger threatening it due to environmental pollution. “Either we end pollution or it ends us,” was the question posed in this appeal. A year later, a world conference on environmental protection was held in Stockholm, which was attended by authorized representatives of 113 countries of the world, including Soviet Union. The conference participants decided to hold annual world day environment June 5. Environmental Protection Day is by no means a professional holiday for ecologists, but an occasion to think about environmental problems. It is no longer a secret to anyone that the ecology on the planet is only getting worse every year. Intensive exploitation of natural resources has led to the need for a new type of environmental activity - rational use natural resources, in which security requirements are included in the process itself economic activity on the use of natural resources. Environmental protection - new form in the interaction of man and nature, born in modern conditions. It is a system of state and public measures (technological, economic, administrative, legal, educational, international) aimed at the harmonious interaction of society and nature, the preservation and reproduction of existing ecological communities and natural resources for the sake of living and future generations. Today ecological problems They are among the most important and determine the level of well-being of the entire world civilization and, in particular, of our country. Russia plays a key role in maintaining the global functions of the biosphere, since its vast territories occupied by various natural ecosystems, represents a significant part of the Earth's biological diversity. Currently, in every civilized country there are many organizations responsible for environmental protection.

1706 - a hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko was established

1706 - The Main Military Clinical Hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko was established.
The main military clinical hospital named after Academician N.N. Burdenko, or as it was called at first - “Moscow Hospital” - was established by a personal decree Russian Emperor Peter I dated June 5, 1706. On December 4, 1707, the “hospital” was opened in Lefortovo and received its first patients. This was the first of ten hospitals opened at the behest of Peter, and since then has not ceased to be the main hospital Russian army. Nikolai Lambertovich Bidloo, a graduate of the University of Leiden, was appointed chief doctor of the Moscow hospital and director of the medical-surgical school that was opening there. operations", a hospital pharmacy, the first department for the mentally ill in Russia was opened. Here the first domestic textbooks on medicine were written, the first course of lectures on medicine was given in Russian, the first Russian medical journal “Notes of Russian Doctors” was organized, and “Russian Pharmacopoeia” was translated from Latin into Russian. The school at the hospital was the only medical school in Russia educational institution. It produced the first domestic doctors, who were sent in full force to the army and navy; the first scientists emerged from its walls - doctors of medicine “from natural Russians” K.I. Shchepin, P.I. Pogoretsky, K.O. Yagelsky. The hospital was the first to teach obstetrics and gynecology on a scientific basis, laying the foundations of domestic infectology and epidemiology, physiotherapy, forensic medicine, physiology, psycho- and neurophysiology, traumatology and orthopedics, resuscitation, ophthalmology, vaccination and other areas of medical science and practice. In 1755, the hospital, which had previously been subordinate to the Synod, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Military Collegium and became known as the General Moscow Land Hospital. In 1814, by decision of the Medical Department of the Russian Military Ministry, a military paramedic school was created in the hospital - the first school for training paramedics in Russia. Thus, the tradition of preparing medical personnel for the army and navy. At the beginning of the 20th century, a state higher medical school functioned in the hospital, which later became part of the medical faculty of the 2nd Moscow State University. The history of hospital nursing begins here: in 1860, for the first time in Russia, sisters of mercy were introduced into the hospital staff. In 1907, the hospital received the name “Moscow General Emperor Peter I Military Hospital” with the award of the monogram “PP” (Petrus Primus) to the personnel on shoulder straps. This name was destined to last only ten years: in December 1918, by decision of the executive committee of the Moscow Soviet, it became the First Communist Red Army Military Hospital, and in 1944 - the Main Military Hospital of the Red Army. Dozens of outstanding doctors and scientists worked at the hospital, bringing glory to domestic medicine: K.I. Shchepin, V.A. Basov, N.I.Pirogov, N.V.Sklifosovsky, L.O.Darkshevich, P.A.Gerzen, R.M.Fronshtein, M.M.Diterichs, N.S.Molchanov, G.F.Lang, M.I.Theodori and many others. The creator worked within its walls Russian Academy Sciences and its first president L.L. Blumentrost and founder and first president of the Academy medical sciences USSR N.N. Burdenko. In the Moscow hospital, N.I. Pirogov performed demonstration operations under anesthesia. More than once the hospital turned out to be actor historical events, having played, for example, important role in eliminating the plague epidemic of 1770-1771. It provided assistance to the wounded and sick during the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878, Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905, during the First World War and Civil War. During the Civil War, the hospital again took responsibility for training medical personnel: it opened the State Higher Medical School, which later (1924) joined the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow State University. From October 1941 to March 1943, the hospital was evacuated in the city of Gorky, where it continued to function as the main medical institution of the fighting Red Army. In total, during the Great Patriotic War, more than 74 thousand wounded and sick were treated at the Main Military Hospital, 82 percent of whom were returned to duty. Today, the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko continues to be one of the best medical institutions in our country. Currently, it is the largest multidisciplinary medical institution in Russia, which includes 111 treatment and diagnostic departments and laboratories, 14 large specialized centers, a flying operating and intensive care laboratory "Scalpel", equipped on the basis of an IL-76-MB aircraft, a clinic with a day hospital , scientist and specialized dissertation councils. The most advanced methods of examining and treating patients using the latest medical technologies are used here. 10 departments, an internship and a medical school are actively functioning on the basis of the hospital. State Institute improvement of doctors of the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation, two departments of Moscow medical academy named after I.M. Sechenov. Every year, more than 20 thousand people are treated there and are provided with almost all types of specialized medical care. Highly qualified specialists perform more than 6 thousand surgical interventions. The hospital employs 20 professors, more than 130 doctors and candidates of medical sciences. As in past years, specialists from the State Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko are still the first to come to the aid of the wounded and sick from the outbreak of hostilities.

1981 - a new disease was registered - AIDS

AIDS was first discovered in 1981 in the United States, when cases of pneumonia in young people sharply increased, caused by Pneumocystis, a microorganism that does not usually cause inflammation. On June 5, 1981, an American scientist from the Center for Disease Control, M. Gottlieb, first described a new disease that occurs with deep damage to the immune system. A thorough analysis led American researchers to the conclusion of the presence of a previously unknown syndrome, which in 1982 received the name Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In 1983, the group of Professor L. Montagnier at the Pasteur Institute in Paris first isolated the virus that causes this disease from the lymph node of an AIDS patient. On April 24, 1984, at a press conference in Washington, the director of the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland, Dr. Robert Gallo, announced that he had found the true cause of AIDS. He managed to isolate the virus from the peripheral blood of AIDS patients. These two viruses turned out to be identical. In 1987, the World Health Organization adopted a single name - “human immunodeficiency virus” (HIV, or in the English abbreviation HIV). There are three known ways of transmitting HIV from one person to another - sexually (the majority of AIDS patients were passive homosexuals, so at first the disease was even nicknamed “blue cancer”); with intravenous drug use and transmission of HIV from an infected mother to a child. The reproductive tract is dominant. In Russia, the first case of AIDS was registered and described in 1986 by Professor V. Pokrovsky. The rapid growth of HIV infection began in 1995. In 2005, more than 349 thousand HIV-infected people were registered in Russia. In 2005, 20 thousand people died from AIDS in Russia. These are mainly young people from 18 to 25 years old. The latest developments of doctors and scientists are not yet able to radically influence the spread of the disease. Currently, more than 10 drugs are used in the world to improve the well-being of patients with HIV infection and prolong their lives.

1783 - the French Montgolfier brothers managed to fly a hot air balloon for the first time

The history of aeronautics goes back more than two hundred years. On June 5, 1783, the French Montgolfier brothers managed to lift into the air a hot air balloon - a balloon filled with hot air, which has since received the name hot air balloon. The balloon was made of paper with a linen lining. To prevent the shell of the ball from catching fire, it had to be impregnated with alum. A wicker basket was attached to the bottom of the shell to accommodate people and cargo. The height of the ball reached 15 meters, volume - 2200 cubic meters. The mass of the entire structure was 785 kilograms. In the center of the wire basket there was a grated brazier, from which hot air rose up and filled the shell of the ball. Despite the primitiveness of this design and its fragility, it turned out to be quite functional. In any case, the Montgolfier brothers' hot air balloon could take off several times. On November 21, 1783, Pilâtre de Rozier and François d'Arland made a hot air balloon flight lasting almost half an hour, and the first aeronautical competition for the cup, organized by the American newspaper magnate Gordon Bennett, took place in 1906. In the Soviet Union, the development of aeronautics was given priority great importance. The heyday of this sport in the country occurred in the 30-40s of the twentieth century. Hundreds of gas balloons and airships took off at that time from the village of Dirigablestroy (now the town of Dolgoprudny near Moscow). Russian pilots made flights in a hidden gondola to an altitude of 11-12 kilometers, of great duration and range - with landings in Kazakhstan and Siberia. Despite the fact that domestic aeronauts did not participate in international competitions, they held many world records. By 1940, over 1,000 flights had been made in training balloons. At the beginning of 1941, out of 24 officially registered FAI (International aviation federation) 17 world records belonged to Soviet balloonists.

1898 - Federico García LORCA, Spanish poet and playwright, born

Young Federico spent his childhood in an atmosphere of poetry and music: his mother played the piano excellently, and his father loved to sing ancient Andalusian songs “cante jondo” and play the guitar. In 1914, Lorca entered the University of Granada at the Faculty of Philology, Philosophy and Law. There he wrote his first poems, and in 1917 his first publication was published - an essay for the centenary of Zorrilla, and in 1918 - his first book. It was a collection of sketches, “Impressions and Landscapes,” inspired by his trips to the cities of Old Castile. In 1921, Lorca's first collection of poems, The Book of Poems, was published in Madrid. The years from 1921 to 1924 were marked by his lecture on cante jondo, given in Granada, staging a puppet show for children and receiving a diploma from the University of Granada. Lorca begins to write a lot, and poetry captures him completely. Among the works of Federico García Lorca are poems, poems, dramas, plays for the puppet theater: “The Evil Spell of the Butterfly”, “Cante Jondo”, “Mariana Pineda”, “Gypsy Romancero”, “Poet in New York”, “When Five years", "The Wonderful Shoemaker", "Bloody Wedding", "The Love of Don Perlimplin", "Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias", "The House of Bernarda Alba" and others. After the proclamation of the Republic (1931), García Lorca joined the forefront of Spanish writers. In 1931-1933 he headed the traveling student theater “La Barraca”, which staged plays by Spanish classics. In villages and small settlements, the theater gave performances in squares and simply on the streets. In August 1936, in the town of Visnar, ten kilometers from Granada, the Francoists shot the Spanish poet, who at thirty-eight years old was already known throughout the world. He is buried here in mass grave along with another three thousand victims of Francoist repressions, killed without trial or investigation, at the beginning of the civil war unleashed by Franco in Spain.

1941 - Barbara Brylska, Polish film actress, born

Barbara Brylska was born on June 5, 1941 in Poland, in a village near Lodz. As a child, I was fond of painting and studied at the art lyceum. At the age of 15, she starred in a cameo role in the film “Galoshes of Happiness” and after that began attending a theater group. Then she studied at the Lodz Higher Theater School, and in 1967 she graduated High school theater, cinema and TV in Warsaw. The actress's first notable role was Eva in the film Then Silence (1966). Barbara Brylska became widely famous after the release of Jerzy Kawalerowicz’s film “Pharaoh,” based on the novel by Bolesław Prus. In this film she played the role of Kama, the priestess of Astarte. Among best works Brylska such films as the historical film “Pan Volodyevsky”, the melodrama “Anatomy of Love”, the drama “Polish Album”, the adventure television series “Bet Greater Than Life”. The actress starred a lot in Bulgaria, the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, she was also known in the USSR - both from foreign films with her participation, and thanks to her acting work with Soviet directors: Alexander Zarkhi in “Cities and Years” and Yuri Ozerov in “Liberation” " But enormous popularity in Soviet cinema came to Barbara Brylska after she was invited to play the main role of Nadya Sheveleva in the film “The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath,” directed by Eldar Ryazanov.

The history of the world, and in particular Russia, is reflected on this page in the form of the most significant events, turning points, discoveries and inventions, wars and the emergence of new countries, turning points and cardinal decisions that took place over many centuries. Here you will get acquainted with outstanding people the world, politicians and rulers, generals, scientists and artists, athletes, artists, singers and many others, who and in what years were born and died, what mark they left in history, what they were remembered for and what they achieved.

In addition to the history of Russia and the world on June 5, significant milestones and significant events that took place on this June day of spring, you will learn about historical dates, about those influential and popular people who were born and passed away on this date, and you can also get acquainted with memorable dates and folk holidays in Catholicism and Orthodoxy, signs and sayings, natural disasters, the emergence of cities and states, as well as their tragic disappearance, get acquainted with revolutions and revolutionaries, those turning points that in one way or another influenced the course of development of our planet and many other things - interesting, educational, important, necessary and useful.

Folk calendar, signs and folklore June 5

June 5 is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 209 days left until the end of the year.

Leonty Ogurechnik, Leonty Konoplyanik.

The last cucumbers are being planted on Leonty (Moscow province). The best time to sow hemp.

The massive appearance of gadflies means a harvest of cucumbers.

There is hemp in this field and look at the mountain ash - if the color is in circles, and the hemp is in debt.

World Environment Day.

Azerbaijan, Land Reclamation Day.

Denmark, Constitution Day (National Day).

Denmark, Father's Day.

Ireland, Juneteenth holiday.

Kazakhstan, Ecologist Day.

Columbia, Thanksgiving.

Russia, Ecologist Day.

Seychelles, Liberation Day.

Belarus Day of Remembrance of Euphrosyne of Polotsk.

History of Orthodoxy on June 5th

Holy Spirit Day (movable celebration in 2017);

memory of the Monk Michael the Confessor, Bishop of Sinad (Phrygia) (821);

the discovery of the relics of St. Leontius, Bishop of Rostov (1164);

Cathedral of Rostov-Yaroslavl Saints;

memory of the Venerable Euphrosyne, Abbess of Polotsk (1173);

memory of St. Paisius of Galich, archimandrite (1460);

memory of the Venerable Martyr Michael Savvait the Monk (IX);

Discovery of the relics of martyrs Evdokia Sheikova, Daria Timagina, Daria Ulybina and Maria Neizvestnaya (2001);

memory of the icons of the Mother of God:

Cyprus (rolling celebration in 2017);

Tupichevskaya (rolling celebration in 2017).

Orthodox: Adrian, Alexander, Andrey, Vasily, Gennady, Daniil, Dmitry, Ivan, Ignat, Kasyan, Konstantin, Mikhail, Nikita, Peter, Roman, Fedor, Yakov.

Catholic: Valeria, Boniface.

What happened in Russia and the world on June 5?

Below you will learn about the history of the world and Russia on the day of June 5, the events that took place in different historical time periods and periods, starting from prehistoric times BC and the emergence of Christianity, continuing with the era of formations, transformations, times of discoveries, scientific and technical revolutions, as well as interesting the Middle Ages, right up to modern times. Below are reflected all the significant events of this day in the history of mankind, you will learn or remember those who were born and left us for another world, what events took place, and why we remember it so special.

History of Russia and the world June 5 in the 8th century

754 - an English Christian preacher, one of the baptists of Germany, Boniface, who became one of the most revered Christian saints, was killed by a crowd of German pagans.

History of Russia and the world June 5 in the 13th century

1224 - The University of Naples named after Frederick II is founded.

1284 - War of the Sicilian Vespers: Neapolitan naval battle occurred.

History of Russia and the world June 5 in the 15th century

1455 - the poet Francois Villon, while attempting to rob a church in a skirmish, mortally wounded a priest and was expelled from Paris.

1465 - during the confrontation between King Enrique IV and the nobility, the Avila farce occurred - the nobility formally deposed Enrique and chose his brother Alfonso as king, under the name Alfonso XII.

History of Russia and the world June 5 in the 17th century

1650 - Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov returned to Yakutsk from his first campaign to the Amur with a drawing of the Daurian land, which was sent to Moscow and became one of the main sources when creating maps of Siberia in 1667 and 1672.

History of Russia and the world June 5 in the 18th century

1706 - a military hospital was opened in Moscow. Nowadays it is the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko.

1727 - a solemn engagement ceremony took place between 12-year-old Emperor Peter II and 16-year-old Maria Menshikova, daughter of His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov.

1744 - The Porcelain Manufactory was founded in St. Petersburg - the first porcelain production in Russia and one of the oldest in Europe.

1783 - French inventors the Montgolfier brothers launched the world's first hot air balloon (balloon) to a height of 500 m in their hometown of Annoney.

1798 - During the Irish Rebellion of 1798, the Battle of New Ross took place, ending in victory for the British.

1799 - German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, together with the French botanist E. Bonpland, began a journey through Central and South America. The materials of the expedition were included in the 30-volume “Journey to the Equinox Regions of the New World in 1799-1804.” (Russian translation, vols. 1-3, 1963-1969), in the book “Pictures of Nature” (1808; Russian translation 1855 and 1959).

History of Russia and the world June 5 in the 19th century

1806 - Louis Bonaparte proclaimed the creation of the Kingdom of Holland.

1849 - Denmark is proclaimed a constitutional monarchy, a bicameral parliament is established, formed on the basis of general elections. Later, amendments would be made to the Danish Constitution, the last in 1953, when the upper house of parliament was abolished and a law was passed on the right of succession to the throne through the female line.

1869 - the world's first parapet-tower ship was laid down - the battleship "Cruiser" ("Peter the Great"). Admiralty plant. Designed by Admiral A. A. Popov. Remained in service until the 1970s.

1870 - Tuchkov Bridge burned down from an unextinguished cigarette.

1873 - under pressure from England, the Zanzibar slave market, the largest in the world, was closed.

1876 - The first meeting of the Supreme Court of Canada was held.

1881 - assassination attempt on US President James Garfield.

1881 - the Russian Surgical Society named after. Pirogova N. I.

1897 - construction of the cruiser Aurora began at the New Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg. The construction was supervised by shipbuilding engineer K. M. Tokarevsky.

History in Russia and the world on June 5 in the 20th century

A monument to Alexander III was unveiled on Znamenskaya Square in St. Petersburg.

The first national aeronautics competition held in the United States was won by John Berry and Paul McCullough. The distance they covered was 608 km.

Participants of the second Antarctic expedition led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot returned to France.

The first flight in Russia on an aircraft of domestic design was made in Kyiv by its creator, Professor of the Polytechnic Institute, Prince A. S. Kudashev. After 11 days, student I. I. Sikorsky took off his plane there, and on June 19 in Gatchina, V. F. Bulgakov took off on a plane designed by engineer Ya. M. Gakkel.

1912 - US Marines land in Cuba.

1916 - the day after the start of the offensive in the auxiliary directions of Tarnopol (modern Ternopil) and Chernivtsi (Chernivtsi), the commander of the Southwestern Front, General A.A. Brusilov, delivered the main blow in the direction of Lutsk with the forces of the 8th Army under the command of A.M. Kaledina.

1929 - The Council of Labor and Defense adopted a resolution on the widespread organization of machine and tractor stations (MTS).

1934 - Chelyuskin heroes were honored in the Kremlin by Stalin, Kaganovich, Zhdanov, and Yagoda.

The first synthetic rubber tires were demonstrated in the USA.

In Canada, the activities of 16 organizations are banned, including fascists and communists.

1945 - the military leaders of the Allied powers Zhukov, Eisenhower, Montgomery and Latre de Tassigny signed the Declaration in Berlin on the defeat of Germany and the assumption of supreme power there by the governments of the USSR, USA, Great Britain and France. Division of Berlin into occupation zones.

1947 - US Secretary of State George Marshall gave a speech at Harvard University in which he outlined a program to help post-war Europe, later called the Marshall Plan.

1950 - US President Truman signed into law $3.121 billion in US foreign aid (including the Marshall Plan).

1953 - The US Senate rejects China's membership in the UN.

1954 - The Moscow Variety Theater opened.

The UK and US nuclear authorities have agreed to exchange information.

Drug researcher Dr. Herbert Berger suggests the AMA drug test athletes.

Oxford University awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Literature to “the greatest of modern Russian poets - 76-year-old Anna Akhmatova, whose poetry and her own fate reflected the fate of the Russian people,” as they wrote in the English press.

The girlfriend of Isabelo Mayorna, the leader of the pirates who attacked the Dona Pacita, has been arrested.

1966 - American astronaut Eugene Cernan's second spacewalk in history.

1967 - The Six-Day Arab-Israeli War began in the Middle East.

1968 - After winning the California presidential primary, Senator Robert Kennedy was mortally wounded and died the next day. Five more people were injured. The killer Serhan Bishara Serhan was immediately captured.

1969 - The Moscow Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties opened.

1970 - Tonga changed its status as a British protectorate to independence (while remaining in the Commonwealth of Nations).

1975 - The Suez Canal reopens after an 8-year closure.

1977 - The first personal computer, the Apple II, went on sale.

1981 - Scientists at the American Center for Disease Control discovered and first described the human immunodeficiency virus.

1983 - disaster of the motor ship "Alexander Suvorov" in Ulyanovsk. 176 people died.

1984 - The Indian Army launched Operation Blue Star against Sikh extremists at the Golden Temple of Amritsar.

1988 - festive services dedicated to the millennium of Christianity in Rus' began in the Russian Orthodox Church.

To Oslo with Nobel speech M. S. Gorbachev spoke.

Those who lived there before 1940 are recognized as citizens of Moldova.

A constitutional meeting opened in Moscow.

On June 5-6, elections to the V Saeima were held in Latvia. The previous one was dissolved by Karlis Ulmanis in 1934.

1998 - Open Directory Project launched.

1999 - the Russian national football team won a sensational victory over the world champions of the French national team at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis with a score of 3:2. The newspaper "Sport-Express" proposed to consider this day "Russian Football Day". Other newspapers called this victory “greetings to the descendants of Dantes from the descendants of Pushkin.”

The number of earthquake victims in Indonesia has exceeded 50 people.

The activity of Mount Etna, the largest in Europe, was observed again.

History of Russia and the world June 5 - in the 21st century

2001 - a bill was approved in France that allows the state to control the activities of religious sects.

2006 - Serbia declared independence. The state union of Serbia and Montenegro was finally liquidated.

2009 - a California court sentenced Raymond Lee Oyler to death for committing 20 forest fires (the number of deaths due to fires was 5).

NASA experts suggested that the American automatic interplanetary station Cassini discovered signs of life on Saturn's moon Titan.

A same-sex marriage law has come into force in Portugal.

2016 - terrorist attack in Aktobe (Kazakhstan): 7 people were killed, 38 people were injured, 13 terrorists were killed.

History of June 5 - which of the great ones was born

Celebrities of the world and Russia born on June 5 in the 18th century

1718 - Thomas Chippendale (d. 1779), English furniture maker, creator of unique Rococo style furniture.

1723 - Adam Smith (d. 1790), English economist and philosopher.

1798 - Alexey Fedorovich Lvov (d. 1870), general, violinist and composer, author of the anthem Russian Empire“God save the king!”

Born with I am celebrities of the world and Russia June 5 in the 19th century

1805 - Pyotr Karlovich Klodt (d. 1867), sculptor and foundry master, representative of late classicism.

1814 - Adolf von Glumer, Prussian general, honorary citizen of Freiburg (d. 1896).

1819 - John Couch Adams (d. 1892), English astronomer and mathematician.

1846 - Anton Semenovich Budilovich (d. 1908), Slavophile, philologist, researcher in the field of Slavic paleontology, publicist.

1854 - Yuri Moiseevich Pan (d. 1937), Jewish painter who lived in Vitebsk, where he founded the first art studio in Belarus. Teacher of Marc Chagall.

1878 - Pancho Villa (d. 1923), leader of the peasants during the Mexican Revolution.

1883 - Lord John Maynard Keynes (d. 1946), English economist and politician, founder of Keynesianism.

Boris Valentinovich Yakovenko (d. 1949), philosopher, publisher and translator.

Bernhard Goetzke (d. 1964), German film actor.

1887 - Ruth Benedict (d. 1948), American philosopher, cultural scientist and sociologist, Ph.D.

1896 - Mikhail Pavlovich Alekseev (d. 1981), literary critic and folklorist, specializing in connections between Russian and foreign literatures, academician.

1898 – Federico García Lorca (d. 1936), Spanish poet and playwright.

1900 - Dennis Gabor (d. 1979), English physicist of Hungarian origin, founder of holography, laureate Nobel Prize in Physics 1971.