VMB Baltiysk. Ships of the Baltic Fleet - The fleet is a disease of the soul! - LJ. The Great Patriotic War
Operational-strategic association of the Navy Russian Federation on the Baltic Sea. Subject to the western military district. Strikethrough text indicates ships/boats under repair.
128th brigade of surface ships (Baltic naval base, Baltiysk):
"Restless" destroyer of project 956A. Board number 620.
"Persistent" destroyer of project 956A. Board number 610.
"Fearless" - patrol ship of project 11540. Tail number 712.
"Guarding" - a multi-purpose patrol ship of the near sea zone (corvette), a ship of project 20380. Board number 530.
Soobrazitelny is a project 20380 multi-purpose patrol ship of the near sea zone (corvette). Tail number 531.
Boikiy is a project 20380 multi-purpose patrol ship of the near sea zone (corvette). Tail number 532.
"Yaroslav the Wise" - patrol ship of project 11540. Board number 727.
"Resistant" - project 20380 corvette. Board number 545.
71st Landing Ship Brigade (Baltic Naval Base, Baltiysk):
BDK-43 "Minsk" project 775 large landing ship. Board number 127.
BDK-58 "Kaliningrad" project 775 large landing ship. Board number 102.
BDK-61 "Korolev" project 775M large landing ship. Board number 130.
BDK-100 "Alexander Shabalin" project 775 large landing ship. Board number 110
MDKVP "Evgeny Kocheshkov" - a small landing hovercraft project 12322 "Zubr". Board number 770.
MDKVP "Mordovia" - a small landing hovercraft project 12322 "Zubr". Board number 782.
"Denis Davydov" - landing craft of project 21820. Board number 748.
"Lieutenant Rimsky-Korsakov" - landing craft of project 21820. Board number 754.
"Michman Lermontov" - landing craft of project 21820. Board number 757.
D-67 (onboard 767) landing craft of project 11770, code "Cerna"
D 1441 "Rear Admiral Demidov" landing craft of project 11770, code "Serna"
D 1442 "Rear Admiral Olenin" landing craft of project 11770, code "Serna"
D-465 (sideboard 746) project 1176 "Shark" landing craft
TL 1603 - torpedo boat project 1388
TL 1668 - torpedo boat project 1388
TL 923 - torpedo boat project 1388
64th brigade of ships for the protection of the water area (Baltic naval base, Baltiysk):
146th tactical group of anti-submarine ships, military unit 20447:
MPK-304 "Urengoy" small anti-submarine ship project 1331M. Board number 304.
MPK-308 "Zelenodolsk" project 1331M small anti-submarine ship. Board number 308.
MPK-218 "Aleksin" project 1331M small anti-submarine ship. Board number 318.
MPK-311 "Kazanets" project 1331M small anti-submarine ship. Board number 311.
MPK-243 "Kabardino-Balkaria" project 1331M small anti-submarine ship. Board number 243.
MPK-232 "Kalmykia" project 1331M small anti-submarine ship. Board number 232.
323rd division of minesweepers:
"Alexey Lebedev" base minesweeper project 12650. Board number 505.
BT-212 base minesweeper project 12650E. Board number 501.
BT-213 "Sergey Kolbasiev" basic minesweeper of project 12650. Board number 522.
BT-230 "Leonid Sobolev" base minesweeper of project 12650. Board number 510.
RT-344 project 13000 road minesweeper. Board number 326.
RT-276 road minesweeper project 13000. Board number 353.
RT-252 raid minesweeper project 10750. Board number 239.
RT-273 road minesweeper project 10750. Board number 310.
RT-231 road minesweeper project 10750. Board number 219.
RT-249 road minesweeper project 10750. Board number 206.
313th Special Purpose Anti-PDSS Detachment, military unit 10742 (Baltiysk): 60 people. In service: anti-sabotage boats P-386, P-410, P-419.
36th missile boat brigade, military unit 20963 (Baltiysk):
1st Guards Missile Boat Battalion:
R-2 "Chuvashia" project 12411M missile boat. Board number 870.
R-47 missile boat of project 12411. Board number 819.
R-129 "Kuznetsk" project 12411 missile boat. Board number 852.
R-187 "Zarechny" missile boat of project 12411. Board number 855.
R-257 missile boat of project 12411. Board number 833.
R-291 "Dimitrovgrad" project 12411 missile boat. Board number 825.
R-293 "Morshansk" project 12411 missile boat. Board number 874.
106th division of small missile ships:
"Geyser" small rocket ship of project 12341. Board number 555.
"Swell" small rocket ship of project 12341. Board number 560.
"Rain" small rocket ship of project 12341. Board number 551.
"Passat" small rocket ship of project 12341. Board number 570.
N-th division of small missile ships:
"Zeleny Dol" small rocket ship of project 21631. Board number 602.
"Serpukhov" small rocket ship of project 21631. Board number 603.
143rd brigade of ships under construction and repair (Kaliningrad)
342nd rescue squad (Kaliningrad region, Baltiysk):
CH 128 - boat
ПЖК 906 - fire ship
ПЖК 1680 - fire ship
ПЖК 59 - fire ship
PZhS-96 - fire ship
SS-750 - rescue ship
PZhK 5 - fire ship
ПЖК 415 - fire ship
SB 921 Loksa - rescue tug
ПЖК 900 - fire ship
SB-121 - project 02980 rescue tug
SB-123 - project 02980 rescue tug
72nd division of reconnaissance ships (Baltiysk):
V. Tatishchev (former SSV-231) project 864 medium reconnaissance ship
Fedor Golovin project 864 medium reconnaissance ship
GS-39 Syzran project 503M small reconnaissance ship
GS-19 Zhigulevsk project 503M small reconnaissance ship
603rd Separate Division of Hydrographic Vessels (Baltiysk):
Andromeda - project 861 hydrographic vessel
BGK 613 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 717 - large hydrographic boat
MGK 1805 - small hydrographic boat
MGK 1659 - small hydrographic boat
MGK 879 - small hydrographic boat
BGK 1529 - large hydrographic boat
MGK 403 - small hydrographic boat
51st District of the Hydrographic Service (Baltiysk):
BGK 1511 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 186 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 214 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 312 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 767 - large hydrographic boat
BGK 887 - large hydrographic boat
Group of support vessels (Baltiysk):
Selenga - tanker
MB 165 Angry - sea tug
MB-305 - sea tug
RB 192 - raid tug
MB 86 - sea tug
MB 157 - sea tug
VTH 24 - small marine tanker
RB 42 - raid tug
RB 394 - raid tug
RB 401 - raid tug
VTN-74 - integrated port service vessel project 03180
1694th base for the repair and storage of hydrographic and navigational weapons and property.
105th brigade of ships for the protection of the water area, military unit 22830 (Leningrad naval base, St. Petersburg, Kronstadt):
147th tactical group:
MPK-99 "Zelenodolsk" project 1331M small anti-submarine ship. Board number 308.
MPK-192 "Urengoy" project 1331M small anti-submarine ship. Board number 304.
MPK-205 "Kazanets" project 1331M small anti-submarine ship. Board number 311.
145th tactical group:
RT-61 raid minesweeper project 1300. Board number 324.
RT-702 road minesweeper project 1300. Board number 353.
BT-115 is the basic minesweeper of project 12650. Tail number 515.
PDKA - project 1415 anti-sabotage boat. Tail number 89.
PDKA - project 1415 anti-sabotage boat. Tail number 910.
RT-57 raid minesweeper project 10750. Board number 316.
RT-248 raid minesweeper project 10750. Board number 348.
258th division of training ships:
UK-162 is a training ship.
UK-115 is a training ship.
UK-712 is a training ship.
473rd Special Purpose Anti-PDSS Detachment, military unit 39080 (Kronstadt)
123rd Red Banner Submarine Brigade, military unit 09632 (St. Petersburg, Kronstadt):
B-227 "Vyborg" diesel submarine of project 877.
B-806 "Dmitrov" diesel submarine of project 877EKM.
PM 30 - Project 304 floating workshop.
501st rescue squad, military unit 20862 (St. Petersburg, Kronstadt):
CH 401 - ambulance boat of the SK620 project.
RVK 779 - project 1415 raid boat.
PZhS-282 - Project 1893 fire ship.
RVK 1250 - project 1415 road boat.
RB 17 - project 737 offshore tug.
P 364 - project 1415 road boat.
RVK 336 - project 1415 road boat.
SMK-2093 is a multifunctional modular boat of project 23370.
RB 395 road tug project 90600.
RVK-1064 - project 1415 road boat.
RVK-1102 - project 1415 road boat.
SMK-2097 is a multifunctional modular boat of project 23370.
431st detachment of support vessels, military unit 56058 (St. Petersburg):
1st group of support vessels:
VTN 45 is a small sea tanker of project 1844.
PZhK 53 - project 364 fireboat.
MB 162 - project 733 sea tug.
MB 169 - project 733 sea tug.
PSK 1562 - search boat of the SK620 project.
Purga is a project 97 port icebreaker.
Buran is a project 97 port icebreaker.
SR 203 - project 1799 degaussing vessel.
PKZ 33 - project 130 degaussing vessel.
VTN 34 - small sea boat project 1844.
SR 120 is a project 1799 degaussing vessel.
GKS 283 - project 1806 physical field control vessel.
SFP 511 - project 1806 physical field control vessel.
Nepryadva is a Project 1112 cable ship.
RB 167 - Project 192 road tug.
KIL-1 is a Project 419 projectile ship.
VTR-77 - sea transport of weapons of the project 1823/1824.
RB 20 is a Project 90600 offshore tug.
RB 2 is a project 90600 offshore tug.
2nd group of support vessels:
RB 98 is a project 498 road tug.
MNS-35500 is a project 445 tanker barge.
BUK-1654 - project 1606 tugboat.
BUK-408 - project 05T towing boat.
BNN-129250 is a project 415C offshore non-self-propelled tanker barge.
MBSN-503250 is a project 411bis offshore non-self-propelled barge.
Victor Konetsky sea tug project 745.
3rd group of support vessels:
RB 250 is a project 737 offshore tug.
RB-348 is a raid tug of project H-3291.
PK-13035 is a floating crane of project PK-13035.
SPK-49150 is a project 02690 self-propelled floating crane.
94th division of ships under construction and repair (St. Petersburg, Kronstadt).
115th Separate Battalion of Repaired Ships under Construction (Kaliningrad).
42nd district of the hydrographic service (St. Petersburg, Vyborg):
BGK 414 is a large hydrographic ship.
MGK 1891 - small hydrographic boat.
MGK 1752 - small hydrographic boat.
MGK 1657 - small hydrographic boat.
MGK 1577 - small hydrographic boat.
BGK 173 is a large hydrographic ship.
RK 229 - hydrographic boat.
MGK 229 is a small hydrographic boat.
MGK 810 is a small hydrographic boat.
MGK 444 is a small hydrographic boat.
335th Separate Division of Hydrographic Vessels (Lomonosov):
Nikolai Matusevich - hydrographic vessel.
GS 525 is a hydrographic vessel.
Sibiryakov oceanographic vessel.
Admiral Vladimirsky oceanographic vessel.
GS 439 - hydrographic vessel.
GS 400 is a hydrographic vessel.
GS 403 - hydrographic vessel.
GS 270 is a hydrographic vessel.
Vaigach is a small hydrographic vessel.
BGK 28 is a large hydrographic boat.
BGK 613 is a large hydrographic boat.
336th Separate Guards Bialystok Order of Suvorov and Alexander Nevsky Marine Brigade, military unit 06017 (Kaliningrad Region, Baltiysk)
561st naval reconnaissance point, military unit 10617 (Sailing district, Baltiysk)
25th separate coastal missile regiment of military unit 39108 (Kaliningrad region, Donskoye)
69th Separate Guards Naval Engineering Mogilev Red Banner Order of Kutuzov Regiment, military unit 51061 (Kaliningrad Region, Gvardeysk).
254th separate radio battalion OSN, military unit 21790 (Kaliningrad region, Gvardeysk 13).
328th separate EW battalion, military unit 03051 (Leningrad region, Kronstadt)
134th separate communications battalion (Kaliningrad).
135th separate communications battalion (Kaliningrad).
2652nd artillery base of weapons and ammunition, military unit 09956 (Kaliningrad region, Prokhladnoye village).
2574th Armament and Ammunition Base, military unit 13068 (Kaliningrad region, Guryev district, Ryabinovka village).
arsenal, military unit 45752-D (Kaliningrad region, Baltiysk).
2676th Armament and Ammunition Base (Kaliningrad Region, Cherepanovo village).
773rd complex logistics base, military unit 77167 (St. Petersburg).
1694th base for the repair and storage of hydrographic and navigational weapons and property (Baltiysk).
148th separate repair and restoration battalion (Kaliningrad).
299th training center Saturn, military unit 87082 (Kaliningrad region, Baltiysk).
Naval School of Junior Specialists (St. Petersburg).
11th Army Corps (Kaliningrad):
7th Separate Guards Proletarian Moscow-Minsk Order of Lenin twice Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov II degree motorized rifle regiment, military unit 06414 (Kaliningrad)
79th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, military unit 90151 (Gusev)
244th Guards Artillery Vitebsk Red Banner Order of Kutuzov III degree and Alexander Nevsky brigade, military unit 41603 (Kaliningrad)
152nd Guards Rocket Brest-Warsaw Ord. Lenin Red Banner Ord. Kutuzov II degree brigade of military unit 54229 (Chernyakhovsk, Kaliningrad)
22nd anti-aircraft missile regiment of military unit 54129 (Kaliningrad)
44th Air Defense Division (Kaliningrad):
183rd Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Molodechno Order of Alexander Nevsky Regiment, military unit 95043 (Kaliningrad region, Gvardeysk - administration, AKP, 1st and 2nd divisions, 3rd division, 4th division, 5th th division, 6th division)
1545th anti-aircraft missile regiment, military unit 64807 (Kaliningrad region, Znamensk)
81st Radio Engineering Regiment. military unit 49289 (Kaliningrad region, Pereslavskoye village).
72nd Guards Aviation Novgorod-Klaipeda Red Banner named after Air Marshal I.I. Borzov base (Kaliningrad region, Kaliningrad, Chkalovsk settlement, Chkalovsk airfield)
Assault aviation squadron of the 72nd air base (Kaliningrad region, Chernyakhovsk, Chernyakhovsk airfield)
Separate naval anti-submarine helicopter squadron of the 72nd air base (Kaliningrad region, Donskoye settlement, Donskoye airfield)
Separate transport air squadron of the 72nd air base (Kaliningrad region, Khrabrovo village, Khrabrovo airfield)
81st separate battalion of communications and RTO, military unit 90263 (Kaliningrad region) Primorsky district the city of Primorsk and the village of Lunino).
82nd Separate Communications and RTO Battalion (Kaliningrad).
BALTIC FLEET, operational-strategic association of the Navy in Russia and the USSR. It was created during the Northern War of 1700-21 after Russian troops established themselves at the mouth of the Neva River, returning Russia access to the Baltic Sea. The construction of ships for the Baltic Fleet began at the shipyards on the Syas River (1702), the Svir River and in Lodeynoye Pole (1703). The first base of the Baltic Fleet is St. Petersburg (since 1724, Kronstadt has become the main base). In 1703, the first ship entered the Baltic Fleet - the frigate Shtandart (the first sailing battleship Poltava, became part of the Baltic Fleet in 1712). Ships for the Baltic Fleet were built at the Admiralty shipyard in St. Petersburg, as well as at other Baltic shipyards, on the White Sea (Solombala shipyard) and were bought abroad. The Baltic Fleet assisted the Russian troops during the siege of Vyborg in 1710, the capture of Revel, Pernov and Riga in 1710, Helsingfors and Abo in 1713. He played a decisive role in the occupation of the Moonsund Islands by Russian troops in 1710 and Finland in 1712-13. He defeated the Swedes in the Battle of Gangut in 1714, the Battle of Ezel in 1719 and the Battle of Grengam in 1720, which allowed Russia to establish itself in the Baltic Sea and become a major maritime power. Actions Russian ships and galleys in 1719-21 off the coast of Sweden influenced her willingness to conclude the Treaty of Nystadt in 1721. The forces of the Baltic Fleet were commanded by naval commanders F.M. Apraksin, N.F. Golovin, M.M. Golitsyn (1675-1730), N.A. Senyavin. In 1721, the Baltic Fleet included 32 battleships, about 100 other sailing ships and up to 400 rowing ships. Until the creation of the Black Sea Fleet in 1783, the Baltic Fleet was the only fleet of the Russian Empire.
During the Seven Years' War of 1756-63, the Baltic Fleet took part in the capture of Memel and Kolberg. During the Archipelago expeditions, the squadron of the Baltic Fleet under the command of G. A. Spiridov, S. K. Greig, D. N. Senyavin, L. P. Heiden and others operated in the Mediterranean Sea, won victories over Turkish fleet in Chesme battle 1770, the battle of Athos in 1807 and the battle of Navarino in 1827. In the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-90, the Baltic Fleet repulsed the attack of the Swedish fleet, which sought to capture Kronstadt and St. Petersburg, and won the Battle of Gogland in 1788, the Battle of Rochensalm in 1789 (see the Battle of Rochensalm), the Battle of Revel in 1790, the Battle of Krasnogorsk 1790 and the battle of Vyborg in 1790 (but was defeated in the second battle of Rochensalm in 1790). In 1826, the first armed steamship entered the Baltic Fleet, but until the middle of the 19th century, it was based on sailing ships (26 battleships, 9 frigates), there were also 9 steam frigates, etc. In the early - mid-19th century, ships of the Baltic Fleet participated in long-distance and circumnavigation voyages, during which a number of geographical discoveries were made and knowledge in the field of oceanography was significantly expanded (expeditions by I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu. F. Lisyansky, F. F. Bellingshausen, M. P. Lazarev, F. P. Litke, O. E. Kotzebue, G. I. Nevelsky and others).
During Crimean War 1853-56, the Baltic Fleet thwarted the attempts of the Anglo-French fleet equipped with steam ships to capture Kronstadt, Sveaborg, Helsingfors and blockade St. Petersburg from the sea. For the first time, Russian sailors successfully used minefields from anchor mines.
Since 1861, the construction of a steam armored fleet began in Russia for the Baltic Fleet. In 1877, the first seaworthy battleship Peter the Great entered the Baltic Fleet. By the end of the 19th century, the Baltic Fleet had 9 battleships, 20 coastal defense battleships and 11 armored cruisers. Since 1903, submarines (submarines) have entered service with the Baltic Fleet.
During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, the 2nd and 3rd Pacific squadrons were formed from the Baltic Fleet, which made the most difficult transition of 18 thousand miles from the Baltic to Far East, but then defeated in the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. The Baltic Fleet was restored during the Naval reforms of the 1900-10s. In 1912, aviation appeared in service with the Baltic Fleet.
To the first world war Between 1914 and 1918, the Baltic Fleet acted on the enemy's communications, supported ground forces, defended Petrograd from the sea, and carried out large-scale minefield operations, during which about 35,000 mines were delivered. The main base of the fleet was Helsingfors. In November 1914, the first Russian battleships-dreadnoughts of the Sevastopol type were included in the fleet. The Baltic Fleet carried out the Irben operation of 1915, participated in the Moonsund operation of 1917.
The sailors of the Baltic Fleet played a prominent role in revolutionary events, including October revolution 1917.
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of January 29 (February 11), 1918 included the Baltic Fleet in the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet. In connection with the advance of the German troops to Tallinn, and then the Finnish troops to Helsingfors, the Ice Campaign of the Baltic Fleet of 1918 was made. In 1918-19, the Baltic Fleet fought against the English fleet, the white North-Western Army. A significant part of the personnel of the Baltic Fleet participated in Kronstadt uprising 1921. In April 1921, the Baltic Fleet was transformed into the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea (since 1935 - the Red Banner Baltic Fleet).
In the interwar period, new ships, submarines, aircraft entered service with the Baltic Fleet, the Air Force of the Baltic Fleet was created, air defense and coastal defense (BO) were organized. Part of the personnel and ships of the Baltic Fleet became the basis for the creation of the Northern Fleet and the Pacific Fleet.
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, the Baltic Fleet included 2 battleships, 2 cruisers, 2 destroyer leaders, 19 destroyers, 48 torpedo boats, 69 submarines, 656 aircraft, defense and air defense formations, a marine infantry brigade (MP). The main base of the fleet was Tallinn. During the war, the Baltic Fleet, together with the ground forces, defended naval bases and coastal areas, including during the defense of Tallinn in 1941, the defense of the Moonsund Islands in 1941 and the defense of Hanko in 1941, acted on enemy communications. In August 1941, long-range bombers of the Baltic Fleet launched the first strikes on Berlin from the island of Saaremaa. The Baltic Fleet suffered heavy losses in ships and personnel in August 1941 during the Tallinn crossing to Kronstadt. Together with the ground forces, the fleet participated in the Battle of Leningrad in 1941-44, provided transportation on Lake Ladoga, took part in operations to break through (1943), and then completely lift the blockade (1944) of Leningrad. The Baltic Fleet carried out the Moonsund operation in 1944. The actions of the ships and aviation of the Baltic Fleet to support the ground forces and disrupt the enemy's sea communications in 1944-45 contributed to the defeat of the enemy on the Karelian Isthmus, in the Baltic States, East Prussia and East Pomerania. For military merit, over 20 ships and units of the Baltic Fleet became Guards, 58 were awarded orders. Over 100,000 Baltics have been awarded orders and medals, 137 have been awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union.
In February 1946, the Baltic Fleet was divided into the 4th and 8th fleets (in December 1955 it was restored to its previous organization). The Baltic Fleet was able to be based in the ports of the GDR and Poland. Since the 1950s, the Baltic Fleet, like the entire Soviet Navy, has been equipped with qualitatively new military equipment. The Baltic Fleet included diesel missile submarines, missile ships and missile-carrying aircraft capable of carrying nuclear weapons, as well as diesel torpedo submarines, destroyers, anti-submarine ships, missile boats, minesweepers, landing ships(including hovercraft), other medium and small craft, aircraft of various types.
By the beginning of 1991, the Baltic Fleet was the largest navy in the Baltic Sea region, had 232 warships (including 32 submarines), 328 aircraft and 70 helicopters, 16 launchers of coastal missile units, BO and MP formations, parts of the rear and technical support. After the collapse of the USSR, the forces of the Baltic Fleet were withdrawn from the territory of the former GDR, Poland, and the Baltic countries (the fleet lost up to 80% of its bases, 60% of enterprises, and about 50% of its barracks and housing stock). In 1995, the Leningrad Naval Base became part of the Baltic Fleet. Of particular importance was the protection of sea routes of communication with the isolated Russian enclave - the Kaliningrad region. The main base of the Baltic Fleet is the city of Baltiysk. By 2004, the Baltic Fleet had about 70 ships and submarines.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, in the Baltic Fleet, in fact, there were permanent positions only for squadron commanders, the fleet commander was appointed, as a rule, for the period of hostilities. The functions of managing the fleet on the shore were performed by the commanders of military ports. The first actual commander of the Baltic Fleet in May 1904 was Admiral A. A. Birilev, who was appointed chief commander of the Baltic Fleet and head of the naval defense of the Baltic Sea. In 1908, the post of Commander of the United Baltic Sea Detachments was established to manage the Baltic Fleet (since 1911 Commander of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces, since 1914 Commander of the Baltic Sea Fleet). The commanders of the Baltic Fleet were: I. O. Essen (1908-15), M. V. Viktorov (1921-24, 1926-32), L. M. Galler (1932-37), V. F. Tributs (1939- 46), Vice Admiral, since 1964 Admiral A. E. Orel (1959-67), Vice Admiral, since 1969 Admiral V. V. Mikhailin (1967-75), I. M. Kapitanets (1981-85 ), Vice Admiral, since 1987 Admiral V.P. Ivanov (1986-91) and others.
The Baltic Fleet was awarded 2 Orders of the Red Banner (1928, 1965).
Lit .: Veselago F.F. Essay on Russian maritime history. SPb., 1875. Part 1; Navy in the First World War. M., 1964. Vol. 1: Actions of the Russian fleet; The Red Banner Baltic Fleet in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., 1981; Baltic, twice Red Banner. Vilnius, 1987; Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet. 3rd ed. M., 1990; The Red Banner Baltic Fleet in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people 1941-1945, 2nd ed. M., 1990-1992. Book. 1-4; Essays on the history of the Baltic Fleet. Kaliningrad, 1997-2003. Book. 1-6; Baltic Fleet: Three centuries in the service of the Fatherland. SPb., 2002.
Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy
Patch of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy
general information
Number of members
Technics (as of 2014):
- Underwater equipment - 2;
- Surface equipment - 41.
Military conflicts
Order of the Red Banner
Story
Pre-Petrine era
Sea trips of Novogorodsk people in the Baltic
The Baltic Sea was of strategic importance immediately with the advent of statehood on the territory of Russia. From here began the internationally significant route from the Varangians to the Greeks. On the northern section of this route were located one of the oldest Russian cities - Ladoga and the first capital of Russia - Novgorod. As part of armed forces Novgorod did not have special military fleets. For military operations in the fleet, ordinary merchant ships were used.
The following types of vessels are known: skedia, busa, shitik, “ship”, slaughterhouse, plow and canoe. Each boat with a crew was a separate combat unit, the personnel of which was divided into dozens. The rooks were united in detachments, several detachments made up the fleet headed by the prince. The main tactical method of naval combat was boarding.
Livonian War
In July 1557, by decree of Ivan the Terrible, the construction of the first Russian port in the Baltic began. Dmitry Semyonovich Shastunov supervised the construction. The port was built in the shortest possible time, and soon the royal decree forbade Novgorod and Pskov merchants from trading in the Livonian cities of Narva and Revel. From now on, they had to wait for the "Germans" in their land.
In 1558 Ivan the Terrible began Livonian War. Having lost income from the transit of Russian goods, Sweden and Poland launched a wide marque activity in the Baltic Sea against ships going to Narva. In order to counter them, Ivan the Terrible in March 1570 issued a royal charter to the Dane Carsten Rode. The diploma determined the procedure for dividing the booty, assigned a salary to the team, ordered:.
Russo-Swedish War 1656-1658
In the campaign of 1656, Russian troops acted in two directions. The main forces operated along the Western Dvina, advancing towards Riga. In February 1656, in the Smolensk district, the construction of a flotilla of 600 plows began to transport troops. By July, the construction of the flotilla was completed. The planes had a length of 16 to 35 meters and could accommodate up to 50 soldiers. Other ships were used to deliver food, evacuate the wounded and sick. On July 31, Dinaburg was taken, on August 14 - Kokenhausen. Boyar Afanasy Lavrentievich Ordin-Nashchokin founded a shipyard in Tsarevich-Dmitriev and began building ships for sailing on the Baltic Sea. On August 21, the siege of Riga began. However, Riga failed to take. Another detachment of Russian troops was to clear Izhora of the Swedes and take possession of the mouth of the Neva, after which Potemkin was given the task of going to Stockholm.
The birth of the fleet
The merit in the creation of the Baltic Fleet rightfully belongs to Peter I. At the end of the 17th century, a funny flotilla was created by Peter I on Lake Pleshcheyevo. In January 1696, in preparation for the Second Azov campaign, large-scale shipbuilding was launched at the shipyards of Voronezh and Preobrazhensky. The disassembled galleys built in Preobrazhensky were delivered to Voronezh, where they were assembled and launched into the water. In addition, engineering specialists were invited from Austria. Over 25 thousand peasants and townspeople were mobilized from the nearest district for the construction of the fleet. 2 large ships, 23 galleys and more than 1300 plows, barges and small ships were built. Lefort was placed at the head of the fleet. The flagship of the flotilla is the 36-gun ship Apostol Peter. In May 1696, the Russian flotilla blocked Azov from the sea. July 19, 1696 the fortress surrendered. October 20, 1696 Boyar Duma proclaims:This date can be considered the birthday of the Russian regular navy. An extensive shipbuilding program is being approved - 52 ships. To finance the construction of the fleet, new types of taxes were introduced: landowners were united in the so-called kumpanships of 10 thousand households, each of which had to build a ship with their own money.
In the summer of 1699, the first large Russian ship, the Fortress, took the Russian ambassador to Constantinople for peace negotiations. The very existence of such a ship persuaded the Sultan to conclude peace in July 1700, which left the fortress of Azov behind Russia. In 1697 - 1698, as part of the Great Embassy in Holland, Peter I worked as a carpenter at the shipyards of the East India Company, with the participation of the tsar, the ship "Peter and Paul" was built.
North War
The beginning of the war was extremely unfortunate for the Russian army, starting with a defeat near Narva. However, Charles XII later sent his troops against the allies of Russia, which gave Peter I the necessary respite. In 1701, construction began on 600 plows on the Volkhov and Luga rivers. More than 300 river vessels and boats were built at the Novgorod shipyard on the Pola River, which flows into Lake Ilmen. All suitable private vessels on the Ladoga and Onega lakes, the Svir and Volkhov rivers were taken into the treasury. Soon the Swedish flotillas were forced out of Lake Ladoga, Pskov and Peipsi.
In the winter of 1702, the construction of a shipyard began on the Syas River, which flows into Lake Ladoga. In the same 1702, the Olonets shipyard was laid on the Svir River. On August 22, 1703, the first ship of the line, the 28-gun frigate Shtandart, was launched at the Olonets shipyard. Another shipyard is laid down on the Volkhov River. The ships built on the Syas River and at the Olonets shipyard laid the foundation for the Baltic Fleet. As a result of the Northern War, Russia regained access to the Baltic Sea. During the Northern War, a network of bases for the fleet was created, the main of which was St. Petersburg. The forward naval base was Revel. In 1723, the construction of the Kronstadt naval base was completed, which since 1724 became the main base of the fleet.
First half of the 18th century
Baltic Fleet after the end of the Northern War
According to the state of 1720, the composition of the ship fleet should have consisted of:
- three 90-gun ships of the line
- four 80-gun
- two 76-gun
- twelve 66-gun
- six 50-gun
- six 32-gun frigates
- three 16-gun
- three 14-gun guns.
Baltic Fleet in the reign of Anna Ioannovna
Upon her accession to the throne and the abolition of the Supreme Privy Council, Empress Anna Ioannovna, with her first decrees, turned to the problem of restoring the fleet. On July 21 (August 1), 1730, the Empress issued a nominal decree:In December 1731, the Empress ordered the resumption of regular exercises in the Baltic Fleet with access to the sea in order to:
In January 1731, a new 66-gun ship Slava Rossii was laid down at the Admiralty Shipyards, two more ships were laid down in February and March 1732. According to the state of 1732, 66-gun ships became the main ships in the ship fleet, which were supposed to make up 59.3% of the fleet. In doing so, the commission proceeded from the following considerations:
- the design features of Russian 66-gun ships allowed them to carry guns of the same caliber as the guns of 70-gun ships of foreign fleets;
- 66-gun ships already exist in the fleet, and upon their retirement, part of their equipment and artillery can be used to equip new ships, and artillery and equipment accounted for 28.6-38.3% of the cost of the entire ship.
Opposing Coalitions in Europe 1756
Second half of the 18th century
Seven Years' War
1757
On April 17, Empress Elizabeth issued a decree sending the Reval squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Lewis to the coast of Courland to blockade the Prussian ports of Memel, Pillau and Koenigsberg. On April 29, a squadron of Rear Admiral Lewis, consisting of 6 battleships and 3 frigates, left Revel for the Prussian coast. On May 1, the Kronstadt squadron of 1 battleship, 2 frigates, 2 bombardment ships, 2 prams goes to sea. On May 31, the main forces of the fleet under the command of Admiral Mishukov left Kronstadt, consisting of 11 battleships, 1 frigate, 1 firewall and 1 hospital ship to blockade Prussian ports. The galley fleet in the company of 1757 was engaged in the delivery of troops and supplies for the Russian army in East Prussia. On August 22, a detachment of 10 galleys at the entrance to Kurish-Gaf at the mouth of the Labio River had a skirmish with a Prussian coastal battery during which they suppressed it.
1758
After receiving information from the Russian ambassador from London in the spring of 1758 about the preparation of a squadron by the British Admiralty, a decision was made to send the Russian and Swedish squadrons to the Danish straits to counter the English squadron. July 9 at about. Bornholm, the Russian fleet, consisting of 17 battleships and 5 frigates, connected with the Swedish squadron, consisting of 6 battleships and 3 frigates, and under the general command of Admiral Mishukov headed for Sound, where he took up a position near Amager Island near Copenhagen. Here he stayed until the beginning of September, when it became obvious that the English squadron would not appear in the Baltic this year. At the same time, part of the forces of the Russian fleet was involved in blocking the Prussian coast, controlling river mouths, intercepting Prussian transports, and supplying troops. In October 1758, the Russian corps of General Palmbach began the siege of Kolberg. It was decided to supply the troops by sea. However, due to autumn storms, this was not feasible. Of the 27 chartered merchant ships sent in October from Riga, Memel and Konigsberg to Kolberg, 11 perished with their crews, and most of the rest were scattered in different ports.
Early 20th century
1917-1941
In the years civil war and foreign military intervention, the sailors of the Baltic Fleet defended the approaches to the capital - Petrograd, up to 20 thousand sailors fought on all land fronts. It was they who constituted the main force of the Soviet navy in various sea and river theaters. In 1919, while defending Petrograd, the Baltic Fleet sank 18 and damaged 16 ships of the British invaders. Since 1918, the Baltic Fleet has been called the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea. By 1921, the Baltic Fleet ceased to exist as a combat-ready formation. After the Civil War, the Baltic Fleet begins to rearm - dozens of newest ships, naval aviation aircraft, long-range coastal defense guns. February 23, 1928 the fleet was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Since 1935, the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea have again become known as the Baltic Fleet. During the Soviet-Finnish war, the Baltic Fleet assisted the troops in the offensive on the Karelian Isthmus and occupied the islands of Hogland, Lavensaari, and Seskar.
1941-1945
The Baltic Fleet entered the Great Patriotic War with two battleships, two cruisers, 19 destroyers, 65 submarines, 656 aircraft and other weapons. So the Baltics under the command of Admiral Vladimir Tributs were ready to fight the Nazi invaders. The sailors of the Baltic Fleet defended the Moonsund Islands, Tallinn and the Hanko Peninsula, carried out the Tallinn crossing, took an active part in the defense of Leningrad in 1941-1944, in 1944-1945. in the defeat of the Nazi troops near Leningrad, in the Baltic states - the Baltic operation, in East Prussia and East Pomerania. Defending the Motherland, the Baltics sank 1205 warships, transports and auxiliary vessels, destroyed 2418 enemy aircraft. More than 82 thousand seafarers have been awarded high state awards, 173 Baltics were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, including four twice.
Second half of the 20th century
In 1946, changes took place in the structure of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet: it was divided into two fleets - the South Baltic and the North Baltic, but in December 1955 the fleet was restored to its previous structure. Since the beginning of the 1950s, the capabilities of the fleet have increased markedly: this was due both to the development of new nuclear missile weapons and to the replenishment of the fleet with rocket ships and jet aircraft. The ships of the Baltic Fleet began to perform combat missions in the North and Mediterranean Seas, the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. On May 7, 1965, the heroic Baltic Fleet received the second Order of the Red Banner for outstanding services to the Motherland, mass heroism and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders. At the beginning of 1991, the Baltic Fleet of the USSR Navy was the largest fleet in the Baltic Sea region and included 232 warships, including 32 diesel submarines, 328 combat aircraft and 70 helicopters, 16 launchers of coastal missile units, coastal defense and marine infantry formations , formations and parts of operational, rear and technical support. The main bases for the fleet were: Baltiysk, Swinoujscie, Daugavgriva and Liepaja, Tallinn and Paldiski. The fleet also had several mobile bases on the territory of the RSFSR, the GDR, the Estonian, Lithuanian and Latvian Soviet socialist republics. Aviation of the Baltic Fleet had ten main airfields, on which the 240th and 170th naval assault air regiments and the 145th separate anti-submarine aviation squadron, as well as 13 alternate airfields designed for the distribution of forces and maneuver. Ship repair of the ships of the Baltic Fleet was carried out by four shipyards: 7th SRZ, 29th SRZ, 33rd SRZ and 177th SRZ.
Modernity
The modern Baltic Fleet is a diverse operational-strategic territorial association, which includes naval forces, naval aviation, air defense systems, coastal troops, unified operational, technical and logistics support agencies. basis ship's composition The Baltic Fleet consists of two project 956 destroyers "Persistent" and "Restless". They were commissioned in the early 1990s. In 2000-2010 ships of the fleet made visits and business calls to more than 100 seaports in Europe, Asia, America and Africa, successfully participated in international exercises. In the 2000s The combat strength of the fleet was replenished with modern ships equipped with the latest weapons and technical equipment: the Yaroslav the Wise patrol ship, the Steregushchy and Soobrazitelny corvettes, and the St. Petersburg diesel submarine. In 2013, the Boikiy serial corvette entered the fleet. In the near future, the fleet will include: both the Stoykiy and the frigate Admiral Gorshkov. In 2014, a significant part of the ships and vessels of the Baltic Fleet will be equipped with new marine navigation aids. In particular, the ships will be equipped with the latest hydrometeorological complexes "Kharakter-K", electronic cartographic navigation Information Systems"Alyaska" and "Segment", GKU-5 gyrocourse indicators, "Kama" integrated compact navigation and stabilization systems, "Kvitok" shipborne receivers. It is also planned to carry out work on the modernization of logs and magnetic compasses. In total, during 2014, more than 30 units of various marine navigation aids will be installed on ships and vessels of the fleet. According to a message dated July 2, 2014, BF rescuers began installing the latest deep-sea submersible Panther Plus, capable of operating at a depth of up to 1000 m in strong currents, on board the KIL-926 "Alexander Pushkin" lifeboat. At the beginning of next week, the first trial descents of the Panther are planned in the base conditions. After that, the specialists of the rescue team will begin to work out practical tasks to search for and raise various sunken objects in the open sea. According to a message dated 08/05/2014, the Panthera Plus complex was put into operation. In the autumn of 2015, the reconstruction of the berthing front of the main naval base of the Baltic Fleet - the military harbor of Baltiysk, should be completed, after which it will be able to receive ships of any rank. Now the Baltic Fleet is the main training base for the Russian Navy and, along with Northern Fleet, the 1st Air Force and Air Defense Command, the Moscow and Leningrad military districts became part of the created Western Military District. On the basis of the 12th division of surface ships, the creation of the Operational Command in the North Atlantic is expected.
Basing system
Dislocation
- Headquarters Kaliningrad.
- Baltic naval base.
- Leningrad naval base.
- St. Petersburg.
- Kronstadt.
- Lomonosov.
In the mood I wanted to show these pictures here. Shooting - the end of July 2012, the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region, where I rode to photograph the parade on the occasion of the Navy Day (photo report from the parade lies). But any trips to some naval base on the eve of the day of the fleet are just valuable in that there is an opportunity to film not only the parade itself and the rehearsals preceding it, but also all the “movement” that accompanies this - ships going to sea, returning, building ships from different angles and under different lighting, and just take a walk with a camera along the bays. Actually, here is the result of such shootings.
2. The fortress canal is a permanent base for all sorts of small minesweepers. In the photo - raid trawls of project 10750, the one in front (onboard 239) - RT-252. Both were fully involved in the parade and in all rehearsals.
3. Even smaller ones - raid minesweepers, project 12592. 
4. The inner harbor of Baltiysk, around eight in the morning. Another Baltic OVR in all its glory. Small anti-submarine ship "Kalmykia" pr. 1331M. 
5. Submarine "Magnitogorsk" project 877. Not local, from the north, ended up in Baltiysk for some reason. I accidentally managed to catch her at the exit from the Military Harbor. She went to sea for a couple of days on business. Then she returned and obediently stood in the front line. 
6. A very meditative activity - sunbathing on the pier from the opposite bank of the canal, from the Baltic Spit - sometimes brought results. This is the killer "Alexander Pushkin" returning to the base. 
7. The first two ships put into parade formation are the Guardian corvette (left) and the Korolev large landing ship (right). 
8. RTO "Downpour" pr. 12341. It passed, and through the loud broadcast from the bridge, the voice of the commander was heard - that the ship was going to St. Petersburg in order to participate in the celebration of the day of the fleet there. True, a couple of days before that there was information that the ships had already left for the parade from Baltiysk to St. Petersburg, including RTOs, another, Geyser. The answer will be below :) 
9. Hydrography. Hydrographic vessel "Hygrometer" pr. 860. 
10. Hardworking tugboat, "Cheerful", saw him very often. I went to the sea in the direction of another boat, which will be a little further away :) And in the background ... 
11. Here is this couple. With the pace that they were slowly and sadly returning to Baltiysk, I already thought that I would not take them off - it would get dark. But no, they did manage to get drawn into the Baltic Canal until it was completely dark. And lucky with the sky. 
12. Vopchem, RTO "Geyser" did not reach St. Petersburg, it was instead of him that "Rain" went there. So a little military secret was revealed :) 
13. Again we return to the formation of ships. BDK "Korolev". 
14. Basic minesweeper BT-212 pr. 1265. 
15. Beauty and pride, stealth corvette "Guarding". In the glamorous pink rays of the sunset. 
16. BDK "Kaliningrad" at the exit to the sea. 
17. Another unexpected present. During my entire stay in Baltiysk, I saw him several times far out to sea, near the horizon, but now - I was lucky, and at the moment when I once again sunbathed on the pier, he decided to return.
Patrol ship pr. 11356, which are being built on the "Yantar" in Kaliningrad. St. Andrew's flag is only for a while - the ship is undergoing sea trials, and after that it is exported to the Indians. This is the second hull of the second trio of ships of this project ordered by the Indians, the Tarkash. 
18. Missile boat "Zarechny" project 12411. 
19. He, a couple of hours later. And completely different lighting. 
20. The long-suffering "Geyser", having not reached St. Petersburg, eventually got into the formation of ships in Baltiysk. 
21. "Guarding" again, in the beautiful sun. 
22. "Small" part of the formation of ships, its beginning. Minesweeper, border guard, missile boat, MRK. 
23. And once again "Guarding". A day or two before the parade, the illuminations were already turned on with might and main, on the occasion of which I got out for a walk along the embankment with a tripod. The most vivid impression - during these shootings, mosquitoes simply devoured me completely: (((( 
24. And another night shot, with a missile boat. 
25. Early, early, early in the morning, about six o'clock. An unscheduled parade rehearsal, and the ships participating in it leave Baltic Canal in the sea. And I - I sit and take pictures of the whole thing. The first to slip was the MPK-227. 
26. Alrosa. I have special feelings for this boat, it was unexpected and pleasant to see her here in Baltiysk. And she herself is from Sevastopol, on this moment- the only operating submarine of the Black Sea Fleet. 
27. Minesweepers in the sun, the most beautiful. "Sergei Kolbasiev"...
May 18 is annually celebrated as the Day of the Baltic Fleet, which was established by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Admiral of the Fleet Felix Gromov "On the introduction of annual holidays and professional days in the specialty" dated July 15, 1996.
On this May day in 1703, Peter I, at the head of his flotilla, won the first military victory, capturing two Swedish warships (Gedan and Astrild) during the battle.
The Baltic Fleet is the oldest fleet in Russia. It is a large, diverse operational-strategic territorial formation of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea, capable of operating effectively both directly in the sea zone, as well as in the air and on land. Also, the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy is the main training and testing base of the Russian Navy. The fleet includes 2 diesel submarines, 41 surface ships, 15 boats, of which 9 landing and 6 missile. The flagship of the fleet is the destroyer Persistent.
The headquarters of the Baltic Fleet is located in Kaliningrad. The main points of deployment: Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region) and Kronstadt (St. Petersburg).
I must say that the formation of the Baltic Fleet is closely connected with the history of St. Petersburg. Indeed, in May 1703, the construction of the city on the Neva began, and a year later the construction of the Admiralty Shipyard began here, which later became one of the centers of shipbuilding in Russia. Since then, the Baltic Fleet has selflessly defended the borders of the Fatherland, passing through all the historical milestones of the Russian State.
During the existence of the Baltic Fleet, outstanding victories were won by Baltic sailors. During the Great Northern War (1700-1721) they bravely and selflessly fought against the forces of the Swedish crown. They valiantly defended the Baltic coast during the Crimean War (1853-1856). During the Great Patriotic War, the fleet took part in the defense of Leningrad (1941-1944), supported the offensive of the Red Army in the Baltic States (1944), in East Prussia and East Pomerania (1944-1945).
More than 110,000 Baltic sailors fought on the land fronts. Baltic submariners destroyed 52 enemy transports and 8 ships. The fleet landed 24 troops. The aviation of the fleet made more than 158 thousand sorties, including sorties under heavy enemy fire. About 82 thousand Baltic sailors were awarded orders and medals, of which 173 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, including four twice.
The Baltic Fleet became the ancestor of Russian round-the-world research expeditions. On the world map you can see the names of admirals and officers of the Baltic Fleet who committed 432 (!) geographical discoveries. In modern textbooks of geography and history, this outstanding achievement not only of the Baltic separately, but of the entire naval school of the country, is actually not reflected in any way today.
For outstanding services to the Motherland, the Baltic Fleet was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner in 1928 and 1965.
Now the Baltic Fleet has modern ships, the latest weapons and technical equipment of the latest generation. Almost every year, new or modernized ships, warships enter the sea
In December 2016, the Andreevsky flag was hoisted on the Alexander Obukhov ship, created for the main base of the Baltic Fleet. This project 12700 lead ship is unique in the world's largest fiberglass hull.
The technology of blown shipbuilding is used in the Russian fleet for the first time. It allows, with an increase in the strength of the ship, to reduce its mass, increase its service life and significantly reduce the magnetic field, which provides additional safety when minesweeping.
The length of the ship is 70 meters, the displacement is 800 tons, the maximum speed is 15 knots, the cruising range is up to 1.5 thousand miles. Thanks to the thrusters, the minesweeper maneuvers well, and much attention was paid to the comfort of the crew during its creation.
Currently, three more ships of project 12700 (Georgy Kurbatov, Ivan Antonov and Vladimir Yemelyanov) are under construction, and in the coming years it is planned to create another 20 minesweepers of this type.
As for the geography of the activities of the Baltic Fleet, it is currently very extensive. The ships and vessels of the Baltic Fleet solve the problems of the security of international shipping and the fight against terrorism in areas of the World Ocean remote from the coast of the Russian Federation, including the Eastern Mediterranean.
The Baltic Fleet is Russia's outpost in the western region and ensures the stability of the military-political situation and the state interests of the country.
"Military Review" congratulates the Baltic sailors on the holiday!
