Large landing ships of the Russian fleet. The oblivion of the ship "Voronezh Komsomolets" is on our conscience Bdk Voronezh Komsomolets
20.05.2005 00:00
Ships, like people, each have their own destiny. Born for glory warships most painfully suffer not from the wounds received, but from the betrayal of people, from oblivion. The fate of the large landing ship "Voronezh Komsomolets" is a confirmation of this. 40 years ago, December 5, 1965, Deputy Commander of the Red Banner twice Baltic Fleet Vice Admiral V.V. Mikhailin handed over to the commander just...
Alien for their own
Ships, like people, each have their own destiny. And most often it is determined not by circumstances, but by people. Born for glory, warships suffer most painfully not from their wounds, but from the betrayal of people, from oblivion. The fate of the large landing ship "Voronezh Komsomolets" is a confirmation of this.
Photo by Yuri Lisovsky.
Forty years ago, on December 5, 1965, Deputy Commander of the twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet, Vice Admiral V.V. Russia) Naval Ensign USSR. Solemnly flying up on the ship's flagpole, he announced the birth of the "Voronezh Komsomolets" - the first ship of this class in the Soviet Navy. The creation of the head BDK was awarded the State Prize, the winner of which was the chief designer I. Kuzmin and his colleagues.
Built on Kaliningrad shipyard With the funds earned by the Voronezh youth on subbotniks, the Voronezh Komsomolets large landing ship was the first domestic ship capable of solving combat missions in the ocean zone. He could come close to the unequipped coast and land up to 50 units of military equipment and a battalion of marines ashore.
Fourteen ships of the Voronezh Komsomolets type were built for all four fleets of the Navy. The government of the country and the leadership of the Ministry of Defense showed great interest in the novelty of strategic weapons. In 1966, Marshal Soviet Union A. Grechko, Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral of the Fleet S. Gorshkov, Commander of the Baltic Fleet Admiral A. Orel.
In the same year, patronage was born Voronezh region over his "Komsomol paratrooper". Then the ship met the first delegation of its Voronezh bosses - Colonel A.I. Kuznetsov, workers of the regional committees of the CPSU and Komsomol Y. Ereminskiy and E. Akhshov. Since then, the Voronezh Region has annually provided humanitarian and material assistance to its sponsored ship, and the ship's crew has been replenished with 8-10 Voronezh recruits with each call.
One of the combat units of the ship was also commanded by a naval officer from Liskin Yuri Lisovsky, who later became one of the pioneers of the Ikoretsk shipyard. For many generations of Voronezh residents, service on the Voronezh Komsomolets became a good school of combat training, and the ship's motto: "Resolutely and boldly!", Inscribed on its pennant, became their everyday life motto. And the very fact of patronage of the Voronezh Region is the cradle Russian fleet- over a warship with a native word in its name, as it were, asserted the inviolability of the ties and traditions that originated at Peter's shipyards. Connections of the land of Voronezh and Black Sea Fleet.
Courageously and honestly served "Voronezh Komsomolets" to his homeland. From 1967 to 1980, the ship went to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic seventeen times to solve combat missions. His name became famous in Port Said during the Arab-Israeli conflict: the ship provided international assistance to the armed forces of Egypt and Syria in repelling Israeli aggression. In 1993, at the request of the Georgian government, the Voronezh Komsomolets carried out a mission of mercy, evacuating civil war there are over 15,000 civilians in Abkhazia. And everywhere with the ship was the banner of the Voronezh Komsomol members, presented to him by the Comintern Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League.
For twenty-five years, the Voronezh Komsomolets bore its name with honor. The years of perestroika hung like a black shadow over its decks: the country in a fussy haste (and mostly unilaterally) reduced strategic weapons and sent its best ships "under the knife". By mid-2004, only four of the fourteen Voronezh Komsomolets-class large landing craft remained in the Russian Navy. Some were cut into scrap metal and melted into "needles". Others, like the Ilya Azarov large landing craft, "gave" the Ukrainian Navy, where it was renamed "Rivno" and raised a "yellow-black" flag on the flagpole. BDK "Krasnaya Presnya" sank in the North Sea while being towed to India for scrapping.
From the sides of the surviving "paratroopers" they bashfully ripped off the "Komsomol" names alive and hastily affixed tail numbers - this is how the new Russia denied its former power for the sake of the political situation. The Voronezh Komsomolets did not escape humiliation either. In 1991, he was put into conservation and humbly awaited his fate in the port of Odessa. Two and a half years of parking at the pier of a foreign port humiliated the ship below the waterline: the crew was reduced to a minimum, replacing the entire staff - officers and midshipmen. The ship property was simply plundered by the "hulks of independent Ukraine", and not a single case of embezzlement submitted to the prosecutor's office of Ukraine was accepted for proceedings.
But the worst thing for the crew of the Voronezh Komsomolets was the betrayal of the Voronezh residents themselves, who “forgot” about their sponsor. The last visit of the Voronezh residents to the ship took place on the eve of the Navy Day. The Black Sea people remember him with special warmth. “Fellow countrymen brought then, besides humanitarian aid, video equipment, other property, - Y. Lisovsky recalls. - They were with a folklore ensemble, and parents of sailors from Voronezh. It was a real holiday." And already in 1996 ... "
In vain before the Day of the Fleet, the sailors, standing on the upper deck, peered hopefully at the road to the pier. Buses with guests, trucks and vans with Kuban, Kursk, Belgorod, Rostov numbers drove up to other ships. Voronezh was not among them. And the sailors were waiting. “Already someone who, and the Voronezh residents will definitely come,” the Black Sea residents cheered each other on. In vain... On the eve of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Navy, its cradle - Voronezh - drowned conscience in the pre-holiday fuss.
And in vain the crew sent to Voronezh the deputy commander of the ship, captain of the third rank, Grigory Kravchuk, with the hope of restoring the interrupted patronage - the officials of the regional administration were silent. And the Voronezh Komsomolets, ashamed of its rusty sides that had not been painted for six years, was still in no hurry to rip off the letters of its proud name from them. But he was forced to do this, hastily putting tail number 150 in place of the former name. So in the year of its 33rd anniversary, the warship remained nameless, like a prisoner of someone's conscience, with a serial number instead of a name on its chest. And for a long time, through the fresh ball paint, the letters of its former name appeared on the sides. As a silent reproach to all Voronezh residents.
In those gloomy days, on the BDK abandoned by everyone, Lieutenant Commander Yu. Lisovsky wrote to the Voronezh "Young Communard": “Our ship now has no name, and in official reports it is referred to as BDK-65. At one time, Voronezh residents served on it, but today ... It's a shame to realize that the "tops" have abandoned us. We are actually dying. And it's scary that today's leaders give us this opportunity to die. Quietly, silently, without shouting. And we don't give up. We go out to sea and prove that it is too early to write off us, and let our ships go on needles.
... BDK tail number 150 survived all the deaths out of spite. But he remained nameless until a Saratov delegation headed by Governor Ayatskov visited one of the exercises with his participation. During those exercises, the former "Voronezh Komsomolets" both shot accurately and landed troops with desperate dashing. "Who are your bosses?" asked the impressed Ayatskov of the paratrooper's crew. And he himself answered his bashful silence: "Saratov residents are now your bosses." So the former "Voronezh Komsomolets" acquired a new name - "Saratov".
... And the Liskinsky district, as if apologizing for the entire region, at the turn of the 90s, took under its patronage the same BDK, which was in distress from oblivion, which had not lost its name - "Orsk".
, according to NATO classification - "Alligator" class- a series of 14 (BDK) large landing four modifications built in the Soviet Union in 1964-1975. Four ships from this series are still in the service of the Pacific and Russia. Let us dwell on them in more detail, by the way, in the places of service and sea trips, you can track the zones of interests and influence of the USSR, Russia has no less interests, unfortunately the possibilities are simply not comparable.
- Project 1171 Tapir, BDK-69, renamed in 2002 to "Orsk", launched in 1968 and entered service in the same year and entered under tail number 148.
BDK-69 renamed in 2002 to Orsk
- BDK-10, then -69 under tail number 150, since August 18, 1966, has been part of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR, and now Russia. Voronezh Komsomolets was renamed Saratov in 2003. During the first years of service, he was based in the ports of Egypt and Syria, in 1999 he carried out the transfer of personnel and equipment of peacekeeping forces Russian Federation to Greece. In mid-2000, he transported equipment and weapons of Russian troops from Batumi to Novorossiysk.
- BDK "Nikolai Filchenkov" tail number 152, in the ranks of the Black Sea Fleet since December 1975. In 1976, 1977, 1978, part of the time stationed in the ports of Angola. In August - September 2000, together with the large landing ship "Saratov", the same project 1171 Tapir, was engaged in the transfer of weapons and equipment of Russian troops from Batumi to the Novorossiysk region.
- BDK "Nikolai Vilkov" number 081, the only one of BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir
, which is in service with the Russian Pacific Fleet, has been in service since 1974. BDK "Nikolai Vilkov" performed 7 combat services in the Indian Ocean. In the nineties, he took part in the joint exercises "Gulfex-22" in the Persian Gulf, together with the Navies of England, France and, of course, the United States. During the earthquake in the South Kuriles, he provided assistance to the affected population.
Project 1171 large landing ship, Nikolai Vilkov at the Navy Day parade, photo July 30, 2006
BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir photo
could be used for both military and civilian purposes, but because of this, the original characteristics of the project were changed. The ship had to: have high efficiency, good cabins for the crew and at the same time carry diverse weapons and special equipment, have increased unsinkability, high speed and use the entire volume of holds.
Outwardly civilian, the ships of project 1171 were used only in the interests of the navy.
BDK are designed for landing amphibious assault with military equipment on an unequipped coast with a small slope of the bottom (and floating equipment - on the water) and for the transfer of troops and cargo by sea.
Large landing BDK-182, landing on the coast photo 90s
The 1171 class ship can accommodate 20 or 45 (or infantry fighting vehicles), or 52 trucks (ZIL-131 type). The number of troops (depending on the modification of the ship) is 313 or 440 people. The BDK can carry up to 1000 tons of payloads. On the bow of the BDK there is a landing ramp in the form of sliding bow and stern gates. The Tapir class is armed with one 57-mm universal twin shipborne artillery mount (AU), two Grad-M multiple launch rocket launchers (MLRS) and two to three Strela-3 man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) .
BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir photo
from the history of creation
In the late 1950s, the Soviet navy(Navy) there was a need to create a large landing ship of the oceanic zone of action.
BDK "Saratov" before the landing of the amphibious assault during the battalion-tactical exercises of the Marine Corps
And in 1959, the leadership of the Navy formulated the terms of reference (to the Leningrad TsKB-50) for the development of the BDK project 1171 with performance data comparable to those of Western landing ships. Almost simultaneously, the Ministry of the Navy ordered a project 1173 dry cargo ship with a bow ramp, which could be used as a landing ship in wartime. Both projects were combined into one under the general designation: project 1171 "Tapir". But a decided to abandon the "joint" vessel, because its operation with such powerful engines (the Navy required a speed of up to 17 knots) became unprofitable. The lead project 1171 "Voronezh Komsomolets" was laid down on February 5, 1964, launched on July 1, 1964, and accepted into the fleet on August 18, 1966.
Large landing ships of the Black Sea Fleet exercise 1997
Project 1171 ships were built in Kaliningrad at the Yantar Baltic Shipyard from 1964 to 1975. A total of 14 ships were built (out of 15 planned) in four versions. Four BDKs of this series still serve in the Black Sea and Pacific Fleets of Russia, see the data above in the text.
BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir photo
, the design is a multi-deck Ro-Ro type with a twin-deck (length - 90 m, width - 9 m) running along the entire length of the ship, with a developed superstructure, which houses the ship's control rooms, crew cabins, etc.
BDK type 1171 "Tapir", top view Nikolai Vilkov at the wall of Dalzavod
In its upper part there is a navigation bridge, and on the roof there is a mast with antenna posts placed on it. various systems radio equipment. The superstructure of the ship is located only at the stern, where there is a sealed folding port, which in the lowered position serves to load equipment from the pier (when mooring astern). The compartment for armored vehicles is located in the bow, there is also a landing ramp (closed by sliding gates). Loading of equipment can be carried out under its own power through the bow or stern landing gear. In the first and fourth tween decks there are cockpits for landing troops. The ship has cranes for loading cargo onto the upper deck or into the tween deck through hatches in the upper deck.
Large amphibious landing ship BDK-69 and Berezina complex supply ship (there is a need, but it was put on pins and needles) Sevastopol photo 2000
The main power plant (GEM) of the BDK includes two 58A diesel engines with a total capacity of up to 18,000 liters. with., working on two propellers. The power plant is located echelonally in two onboard compartments. The ship is equipped with a navigation radar station (RLS) "Don" and radio communications.
For those who are interested in the fate of the ships of this series, see the table.
PROJECT 1171 TAPIR SHIPS
performance characteristics BDK ships of project 1171 Tapir photo
- Displacement 3040/4650 t.
- dimensions length - 113.1 m, width - 15.6 m, draft - 4.5 m.
- Power plant 2 * 4500 hp diesels 58A, 2 propellers
- Capacity 47 pieces of equipment and 313 people
- Armament 1 x 2 - 57-mm ZIF-51B, Strela missiles 24 missiles, 2x22 launchers NURS
- Speed 16/5 knots, cruising range 10,000 miles at 15 knots.
- Crew 69 people.
The development of project 1171 was the large landing ship 11711 Ivan Gren, which has been under construction since 2004 for the Russian Navy at an "impressive pace" but has not yet been built.
BDK project 11711 Ivan Gren laid down for construction in 2004, photo 2010 the pace of construction is impressive
The Project 1171 hull also served as the prototype for the larger Project 1174 ocean-going landing craft (code "Rhino").
Armament
Artillery armament
- 2 (1x2) - 57 mm ZIF-31B gun;
- 4 (2x2) - 25-mm guns 2M-3M.
Missile weapons
- 2x40 - 122-mm launcher NURS MS-73 "Grad-M";
- 3x2 - PU SAM 9K34 "Strela-3".
Radar weapons
- 1-2 NRS "Don".
Built ships
BDK-10, BDK-6, BDK-1, BDK-62 and others - 14 units in total.
History
Development history
Landing capabilities
The ship can accommodate up to 20 main battle tanks, or 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks, and 300-400 landing personnel (two landing quarters, under the first and fourth tween decks). The ship can carry up to 1000 tons of various cargoes. In the bow there is a compartment for armored vehicles, there is also a landing ramp closed by sliding gates, and a folding hatch is equipped in the stern for loading and unloading operations.
Armament
The main armament of the Project 1171 "Tapir" ships consists of one universal twin ship artillery mount of 57 mm caliber - ZIF-31 B. Also, for hitting coastal targets and supporting landings, large landing ships are equipped with two launchers
The issue of deliveries to Russia of two landing ships-helicopter carriers "Mistral" turned into an interest in domestic developments in this area. At present, with almost 100% probability, we can say that France will not transfer the already built Mistrals to Russia. Under these conditions, the Nevsky Design Bureau (PKB) created a project for a landing ship that could become an alternative to French ships. In particular, at the booth of the main command of the Russian Navy, as part of the Army-2015 forum held in the country, a new universal landing ship of the Priboy project, developed by specialists from the Nevsky Design Bureau, was presented in the form of a mock-up.
This ship has a displacement of about 14 thousand tons with a draft of 5 meters and is able to carry up to 8 Ka-52K and Ka-27(29) helicopters on board. The landing ship will be able to reach speeds of up to 20 knots, and its cruising range will be 6,000 miles, and the cruise autonomy will be 60 days. The ship will be 165 meters long and 25 meters wide. The universal amphibious assault ship of the Priboy project will be able to carry on board up to 40-60 units of various equipment and up to 500 paratroopers. UDC will be able to take on board four Project 11770M landing craft or two Project 12061M boats. At the same time, its air defense will be built on the basis of the Pantsir-M sea-based air defense system.
The construction of the first ship of the series is planned to begin as early as 2016, RIA "" reports, citing its source. At the same time, information appeared earlier that the Russian fleet would receive a new generation landing ship by 2020. Vladimir Tryapichnikov, head of the shipbuilding department of the Russian Navy, spoke about this in June 2015. According to him, the new ship will surpass the Ivan Gren large landing craft (displacement of about 5 thousand tons) in terms of displacement, apparently, Tryapichnikov was talking about the UDC of the Surf project at that time. Presumably, 4 ships of this type will be built for the needs of the Russian Navy.
Layout UDC "Surf".
It is worth noting that the UDC of the Priboy project fits perfectly into the look of a modern landing craft. In terms of its main characteristics, it will approximately correspond to the main parameters of the Dutch universal landing ships of the Rotterdam or Johan de Witt type, which were chosen as samples. These warships also have a displacement of 14-16 thousand tons, are able to carry up to 500-600 marines and carry 6 helicopters and the necessary set of floating landing craft on board.
However, the ship of the Priboy project is the future of the Russian fleet, this project has only reached the stage of a model, and a rather long time may pass before it is built and put into service. Below we will consider the large landing ships that the Russian navy actually has or will soon have (the Ivan Gren large landing ship should be accepted before the end of 2015).
BDK project 1171 "Tapir"
The large landing ship (BDK) of the ocean zone of project 1171 (code "Tapir", according to the NATO codification "Alligator") is intended for landing amphibious assault forces with military equipment on an unequipped coast with a small bottom slope, as well as transferring cargo and troops by sea. The ship is able to land landing units directly on the shore, and floating equipment can be launched into the water. The lead ship of this project, Voronezhsky Komsomolets, was laid down on February 5, 1964, on the slipway of the Baltic Shipyard No. 820 Yantar in Kaliningrad. The ship was launched on July 1, 1964. For all its shortcomings, it was the first BDK in the Soviet Union, which could, with an expeditionary battalion of marines on board, serve for some time in remote areas of the oceans. For ten years from 1964 to 1974, 14 ships of this project were built in the USSR, which were produced in four different versions. For almost 20 years, Project 1171 ships formed the backbone of the strategic landing forces of the USSR.
The ship had a total displacement of 4,650 tons, a draft of 4.5 meters, a length of 113.1 meters, and a width of 15.6 meters. The full speed of the BDK of the Tapir project was 16.5 knots. The cruising range was equal to 4.8 thousand miles (about 8.9 thousand kilometers). The autonomy of navigation of a large landing ship in terms of provisions and fuel (without their replenishment in the campaign) for the first ships of the series was 10 days, for subsequent ships - 20 days.
The ship's landing gear includes a bow gate with a ramp, as well as a folding sealed port located at the stern. Equipment can be loaded onto the ship under its own power through the stern or bow landing gear. There are special cranes on the ship for loading cargo on the upper deck or through hatches in the tween deck. Landing from a ship can be carried out afloat, and non-floating equipment is landed directly on the coast, while the minimum bottom slope should be 2-3 degrees (depending on the mass of cargo taken on board the ship). Among other things, Project 1171 BDK could be used to transport ammunition, as well as to transport missiles in containers.
The power plant of the ship is diesel, it consists of two power units with a capacity of 4.5 thousand horsepower each (engine models differed depending on the modification of the ship). The armament could also be different and consisted of a twin 57-mm ZIF-31B universal naval artillery mount and two twin 25-mm 2M-3 guns. Also, two installations of the Grad-M multiple launch rocket system were mounted on the ship, designed to support the landing. For air defense, the Strela-3 MANPADS were to be used.
The BDK of project 1171 could take on board up to 20 main battle tanks, about 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks and from 300 to 400 troops. The members of the landing party were placed in two cockpits under the first and fourth tween decks. In addition, the ship could be used to transport goods, taking on board up to 1000 tons of various cargoes. In the bow of the ship there was a compartment for armored vehicles, there was also a ramp closed by sliding gates. In the stern of the ship for loading and unloading operations, a folding port was equipped. The crew of the ship consisted of 69 people, including 5 officers (the crew of 83 people, including 7 officers and 11 midshipmen for the large landing ship "Nikolai Vilkov", Pacific Fleet, 1990s). According to information from open sources, there are currently 4 Project 1171 BDKs in service with the Russian Navy: 3 ships in the Black Sea Fleet and one ship in the Pacific Fleet.
BDK project 1174 "Rhino"
The BDK of the ocean zone of project 1174 (code "Rhino", according to the NATO codification Ivan Rogov) was intended for the transportation and landing of landing forces and military equipment both on equipped and non-equipped coasts with a small bottom slope. The ship is able to land troops directly on the coast, floating equipment - on the water, non-floating military equipment- with the help of special landing craft, landing personnel with a wearable can also land ashore by helicopters.
In the process of designing the ship, at the direction of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Soviet Union S. G. Gorshkov, changes were made to the project, which ultimately led to the creation of a very original universal landing ship with a relatively small displacement. As a result of changes to the project, a dock chamber appeared on the ship, and the composition of the air group deployed on board was increased. Changes to the project in the course of work were made under the impression of the US Navy's ongoing program to build the Tarawa-type UDC. In the course of all the improvements, the accessibility of the shores for the BDK project 1174 became: for the bow gangway - 17%, for landing craft - more than 40%, for helicopters - 100%.
The ships of this project were built in the USSR from 1973 to 1988, in total three such ships were built. The ships were laid down and built in Kaliningrad at the Baltic Shipyard No. 820 Yantar. Due to the constant changes in the project, the lead ship of the Ivan Rogov series was ready only in 1978, 14 years after the issuance of the terms of reference for its design. In total, three such vessels were built in Kaliningrad: Ivan Rogov (1978), Alexander Nikolaev (1982) and Mtrofan Moskalenko (1990). The first ship was decommissioned from the fleet in 1996. The other two were placed on reserve in 1997 and 2002 respectively. After the Mistrals, information appeared in the press about the study of the issue of restoring the ships and returning them to the Russian Navy.
The length of the ship of project 1174 code "Rhino" was 157.5 meters, width - 23.8 meters, draft - 5 meters. The total displacement of the ship was 14,060 tons. Full speed - 21 knots, cruising range at a speed of 18 knots and a normal fuel reserve of 4 thousand miles, with a maximum fuel reserve of 7500 miles. The power plant of the ship was a gas turbine and included two power units with a capacity of 18 thousand hp each. every. The autonomy of navigation in terms of provisions was 15 days with 500 paratroopers on board or 30 days with 250 paratroopers on board. The crew of the ship was 239 people, including 37 officers. To receive liquid and solid cargoes at sea, the ship was equipped with special systems.
The armament of the ships varied depending on the modification and consisted of an AK-726 76.2-mm artillery mount, two AK-630 6x30-mm gun mounts, two Grad-M multiple rocket launchers, one Osa-M air defense system (ammunition 20 missiles) and four MANPADS "Strela-3". Up to 4 Ka-29 transport and combat helicopters could be based on board the ship.
In the tank hold of the BDK and the dock chamber, in the absence of swimming facilities in it, it was possible to load up to 50 PT-76 tanks, 80 armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, or up to 120 vehicles. In this case, the equipment could be loaded on board in various combinations. Also on board it was possible to place up to 500 troops in several cockpits and four-seater officer cabins, or to place 1,700 tons of various cargoes. Up to 6 project 1785 or project 1176 landing craft could be taken to the shore of non-floating military equipment in the ship's dock chamber. Or three project 1206 landing hovercraft or project 11770 "Serna" landing boats on an air cavity.
BDK project 775
BDK project 775 for the needs Soviet fleet were built in Poland at the shipyard Stocznia Polnocna (Stochnia Polnochna), in the city of Gdansk. The ships were built from 1974 to 1991, in total 28 ships of this project were built here in three different modifications. Initially, they were classified as medium landing ships (SDK), but in 1977 they were reclassified as BDK. Currently, the ships of this project are the most massive BDK of the Russian fleet, forming the basis of the Russian landing fleet. 15 ships of this type remain in service, and taking into account the Ukrainian large landing ship "Konstantin Olshansky" captured in 2014 by Russian military personnel - 16.
Project 775 landing ships were created to replace the project 1171 large landing ships. new ship was supposed to get more powerful weapons and improved survivability, unlike project 1171, which was made on the basis of a dry cargo ship. Project 775 ships were originally designed as a ship specially designed for landing operations. They were supposed to take an intermediate position between the Rhinos and the KFOR. Project 775 large landing ships are 112.5 meters long, 15 meters wide, have a draft of 4.26 meters, and the total displacement of the ship is 4,400 tons. Full speed - 17.6 knots, cruising range up to 4 thousand miles (about 7.4 thousand kilometers), navigation autonomy - up to 30 days. As power plant two Zgoda-Sulzer diesel engines were used, developing a power of 9.6 thousand hp each. every.
The armament of the ships of this project was different depending on the modifications. Initially, it was planned to install two twin artillery mounts of 57-mm AK-725 caliber with remote guidance. To increase firepower and air defense systems, a 76.2-mm AK-176 artillery mount and two AK-630M 6x30-mm guns were installed on ships of the 775M project. To suppress the coastal defense of the enemy and destroy his manpower, two Grad-M MLRS launchers were installed on Project 775 landing ships. MANPADS "Strela-3" and "Igla" could be used as air defense systems.
Project 775 ships were originally designed to transport by sea a reinforced company of marines or 225 paratroopers and 10 tanks. The dimensions of the cargo compartment are 95x4.5x4.5 meters, and the ship could also take on board up to 480 tons of various cargoes. The paratroopers were accommodated in several cabins, and the officers in four-bed cabins. The crew of the ship was 98 people, including 8 officers.
BDK project 11711 "Ivan Gren"
Project 11711 large landing ships (according to the NATO codification Ivan Gren) are a project of new BDKs of the Russian fleet, designed for landing troops, transporting cargo, military equipment and equipment. This landing ship is a further development of the Project 1171 Tapir ships, while most of the ship's design has undergone major changes. On June 11, 2015, at the Yantar Baltic Shipbuilding Plant in Kaliningrad, the laying ceremony of the second BDK of Project 11711 Pyotr Morgunov was held. The lead ship of the Ivan Gren series was laid down at the Kaliningrad shipyard in December 2004, the ship was launched in May 2012, and the ship is scheduled to be handed over to the military in 2015. In total, by 2020, the Russian Navy should have received 6 ships of this type.
When creating the ship, much attention was paid to the living conditions on it for the crew and troops. Loading of military equipment onto the ship is possible in two ways: independently using ramps, or using port or deck cargo cranes through a four-leaf cargo hatch located in the upper deck. These hatches also make it possible to ventilate the underdeck space, when, immediately before the landing, the combat vehicles start the engines running at idle, which leads to the filling of the landing space with exhaust gases. To carry out loading and unloading operations in the cargo hatch area, the ship has a crane with a lifting capacity of 16 tons and two boat cranes designed to work with motor boats and boats.
The total displacement of the Ivan Gren large landing ship is 5,000 tons, which makes it the largest among all large landing ships of the Russian fleet that are in service on this moment time. Full speed is 18 knots, cruising range is up to 3500 nautical miles at a speed of 16 knots. Autonomy of navigation - up to 30 days. The crew of the ship consists of 100 people. Combat vehicles located on the tank deck inside the BDK, it can be either main battle tanks weighing up to 60 tons (13 tanks), or infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers (up to 36 units), or 300 troops.
Of the weapons, two Grad-M MLRS launchers, two AK-630M 6x30-mm artillery mounts, as well as an AK-176 universal artillery mount of 76.2 mm caliber are installed on board the ship. In addition, the ship provides for the deployment of one transport-combat helicopter Ka-29. According to some information, the Igla-V complex can be used as an air defense system.
Sources of information:
http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2028399
http://lenta.ru/news/2015/06/16/priboy
http://www.rg.ru/2015/06/16/analog-site.html
http://navalcadet.narod.ru
http://www.shipyard-yantar.ru/ru/press/265-zalozhitbdk.html
The large landing ship "Saratov" (formerly "BDK-10", "Voronezh Komsomolets", "BDK-65") is the lead in a series of 14 ships of project 1171, built in four series at the Baltic Shipyard "Yantar" in Kaliningrad for the Soviet Navy.
Large landing ships of project 1171 "Tapir" (according to NATO classification - "Alligator") - a series of Soviet large landing craft, which are designed for landing amphibious assaults on an unequipped coast and the transfer of troops and cargo by sea. BDKs are capable of transporting various types of armored vehicles, including tanks. The development of the project was the BDK project 11711 being built for the Russian Navy.
The ship can carry a cargo of 20 main battle tanks, or 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks, and 300 troops (two landing crews, in the first and fourth tweendecks). The ship can carry up to 1000 tons of various cargoes. On the nose there is a compartment for armored vehicles, and there is also a landing ramp, in the form of sliding bow and stern gates.
The large landing ship "Saratov" (tail number 150) was laid down under the name "BDK-10" on February 05, 1964, building number 291. Launched on July 01, 1964. Entered service on August 18, 1966. Became part of the Black Sea Fleet.
Had the following tail numbers: 9 (1966); 447 (1969); 419 (1972); 405, 431, 435 (1974); 136, 139 (1982); 142 (1985); 146 (1989); 150 (since 1990).
Main characteristics: Displacement 4650 tons. Length 113.1 meters, width 15.6 meters, draft 4.5 meters. Maximum travel speed 16.5 knots. Cruising range of 10 thousand miles at 15 knots. Capacity up to 1500 tons of equipment and cargo. The crew is 55 people.
Power plant: 2 diesels, 2 propellers, 9000 hp
Armament: 1x2 57-mm ZIF-31B gun mount, 3x8 MANPADS launchers.
February 22, 1967 the ship was named "Voronezh Komsomolets". He was part of the 39th division of the amphibious assault forces, based on the Crimean Naval Base (Donuzlav).
From 1966 to 2004, with Marine Corps units on board, he made more than 20 long-distance trips lasting 6-8 months.
In the period from 1991 to 1994 he was in conservation in Odessa. During this period, February 15, 1992 was renamed "BDK-65". During the division of the fleet, he was reassigned to the command of the 30th division of surface ships.
In August 2000, for 4 flights, he transported from the Gonio loading point (Batumi region) to the Utrishenok disembarkation point (Novorossiysk region) part of the weapons and equipment of the contingent of the Group of Russian Forces in the Transcaucasus.
On August 10, 2008, as part of a grouping of ships of the Black Sea Fleet, he took battle with Georgian boats during the war in South Ossetia.
In the autumn-winter of 2012, he completed the tasks of a campaign in the Mediterranean Sea. On December 10, large landing ships and "Saratov" of the Black Sea Fleet after a trip to the Mediterranean Sea.
According to a message dated January 11, 2013, on a ship that was heading to the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea to participate in an inter-naval exercise of the Russian Navy, one of the diesel generators. In connection with this, the command made a decision to conduct, with the involvement of specialists, the floating workshop "PM-56", on board of which there are necessary spare parts. The ship was repaired with the participation of "PM-56" in the Syrian port of Tartus.
According to a message dated February 17, 2014 in Sevastopol. In 2014, the large landing craft "Saratov" completed at least 4 trips to the Mediterranean Sea. On March 4, early in the morning, the BDK "Saratov" and the BDK "Yamal" entered the Black Sea.
