Presentation on the history of "our Krasnoyarsk Territory". Krasnoyarsk Territory. History of the Krasnoyarsk Territory The emergence of the state on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
History of the city of Krasnoyarsk starts from August 6, 1628 of the year. Governor Andrey Dubensky laid wooden prison on the arrow between the rivers Yenisei and Kacha. Prison represented himself wooden fortress, enclosed moat, rampart and walls with 5 towers. On top of the nearby hill Kum-Tigei was delivered guard tower. Now the hill is called Guard mountain. The tower performed perfectly practical function. Good with her looked through all nearby territory prison. When guard, towering noticed approaching enemy then kindled bonfire. Prison seeing bonfire, hastily prepared for the siege and not got caught by surprise! Maybe, the history of the city of Krasnoyarsk did not stop thanks to this watchtower! Krasnoyarsk jail performed the function protection from raids Mongolian and Turkic tribes cities Yeniseisk, partially city Tomsk, later villages of Russian settlers. AT 1805 year on the site of the watchtower was built wooden Chapel, which in 1855 year was redone from stone. Subsequently, this Chapel became calling card in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk. After annexation of Siberia to Russia Krasnoyarsk prison stopped having military meaning and in the 1690s years received CITY STATUS. Actually exactly from now on started history of Krasnoyarsk how CITIES! City name "Krasnoyarsk" derived from two words "red" and "yar". "Yar" - this is high steep shore, that was next to the city at the time of its foundation. "Red" because THE SOIL this YARA RED!
AT 1713 year in Krasnoyarsk there were living near 2 550 human. city dwellers were engaged mostly agriculture. Before 1773 the city looked like military fortress. AT 1773 year in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk, the strongest fire, and the city had to be built practically again! After division of Siberia into Western and Eastern in 1822 year was formed Yenisei province. Krasnoyarsk, became center of the Yenisei provinces. There appeared in the city several squares with churches and markets. On the initiative the first Krasnoyarsk governor A.P. Stepanov appeared in the city center urban garden with naturally growing pines on the banks of the Yenisei. today garden renamed to the park named after M. Gorky.
next meaningful stage of development history of the city of Krasnoyarsk, became 1884 year. This year director of the Krasnoyarsk teacher's seminary archaeologist and local historian Ivan Timofeevich Savenkov opened the first on the Yenisei parking lot ancient stone century at the foot Afontova the mountains. Now this is the junction automotive bridge to the left shore Yenisei Near railway bridge. were found here scrapers, tips copies, bones mammoth, primeval bull, northern deer. These finds are the only monument of the era Paleolithic in Russia. Human whose parking lot found Savenkov, called "afontove".
Huge value in development history of the city of Krasnoyarsk had prey GOLD. AT Krasnoyarsk began to settle gold miners and merchants. Started to build capital stone at home. Population started quickly grow! AT 1838 opened first urban LIBRARY. This library was collected and opened Krasnoyarsk merchant, gold miner, landlord, winemaker Gennady Vasilyevich Yudin. The library has over 80,000 books great amount journals, manuscripts, archival materials. Yudin, fearing frequent urban fires, built a library away from city buildings at the foot Afontova the mountains. Unfortunately now most of libraries located in the US Library of Congress.
On the night of 17 on the April 18, 1881 years in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk, happened tragic event – flared up the strongest fire. Within a few hours 2/3 of the old part of the city was completely burned out! thousands residents remained on the street. This was strongest fire after 1773 of the year ! Next fundamental step in development history of the city of Krasnoyarsk, was the opening in 1883 year of the first elementary school at the expense of the merchant 3rd Guild M. Sazhin. In subsequent 10 years were opened 2 more primary schools! Based on materials census population 1887 of the year Krasnoyarsk was the most literate city in Siberia!
AT 1870s years on Resurrection street today prospekt Mira, were delivered 44 lantern with candle lighting. AT October 1891 of the year merchant of the 1st guild N. G. Gadalov lit in his mansion-shop, shop today "Child's world", first in the town light bulb! perspective electric lighting forced city government build power plant. She was built project Moscow professor K.A. Kruga on the shore Yenisei against Sadovoe lane. AT 1912 was included electric street lighting.
Next the strongest impetus for development history of the city of Krasnoyarsk was the passage in 1895 year via Krasnoyarsk railway. From now on story development city of Krasnoyarsk start get ahead of history development cities Yeniseisk. The fact is that before the advent railway, main life-supporting transport artery of the Yenisei the province had a river Yenisei. City Yeniseisk, on the the Yenisei river takes more profitable location than Krasnoyarsk. It is located approximately 330 km downstream rivers and most main Yeniseysk located PER so-called Kazachinsky rapids. Therefore, the history of the city Yeniseisk started on 9 years before history of the city of Krasnoyarsk and developed more active for now through Krasnoyarsk did not pass Railway.
After the appearance in Krasnoyarsk in 1895 year iron roads in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk start to build apartment buildings at home. AT 1868 year the building was built male gymnasium. Today it Polytechnic institute on st. Lenin. AT 1878 year the building was built girls' high school. Today it Pedagogical institute on st. Peace. AT 1913 built public building. Today it Officers' house. AT 1914 built Regional Museum. great achievement in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk, became railroad bridge across the river Yenisei, which was built for 3 of the year from 1896 to 1899 of the year. It was the most the first bridge across the Yenisei. On the world Parisian exhibition of industrial metal structures in 1900 year Krasnoyarsk railway bridge took 2nd place in the world. His ahead of only the Eiffel Tower!
At the beginning 20th century by Siberian scale Krasnoyarsk was big city. Then population city was around 27,000 human. Further development history of the city of Krasnoyarsk, continued thanks to the emergence of Krasnoyarsk 27th private industrial enterprises (iron foundry, mechanical, sawmill, leather, brick and others). By this time, the city had 27 educational institutions. The city turned from a provincial, into a major city Yenisei provinces.
AT 1917 year by Russia swept revolution. Krasnoyarsk, became first city in Siberia, where it was established Soviet authority. But June 18, 1918 of the year Soviet authority in the town fell. AT history of the city of Krasnoyarsk established for a year and a half counterrevolutionary terror. At night from 3rd to 4th January 1920 year happened armed uprising and Soviet authority in Krasnoyarsk was restored. However, the next day from the side Bugacha, Nikolaevka and military camp launched an offensive Kolchak people. at the cost big losses the city held out until January 8th, and then parts arrived Red armies and partisan Shchetinkin and Kravchenko. Life was difficult to recover - economic devastation, famine, typhus.
AT 1921 year in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk have been outlined positive change. As a result of the adoption of 1921 year new economic policy(NEP) began to be resolved food questions, perked up trade. In the middle 1920s years, the work of factories resumed - mechanical(today Kraslesmash), sawmill, porcelain-faience, shoe factories, backwater and depot. by the most large the city's enterprise was then railway workshops. felt a lack of raw materials, fuel, electricity. AT 1925 year happened abolition titles Yenisei province, and after that Krasnoyarsk first treated to Novosibirsk, after to Irkutsk.
AT 1934 year December 7th a new stage in the development history of the city of Krasnoyarsk! was educated Krasnoyarsk region! It formed within the same boundaries what and Yenisei province. Krasnoyarsk became again administrative center!
According to the census 1939 years in Krasnoyarsk there were about 190 000 human. Relatively high level education was ensured by the fact that after the victory over Kolchak the entire population aged from 16 to 50 years obliged to study. By the end 20s years 20th century in Krasnoyarsk there were 30 schools. Appeared technical schools - medical, agricultural, musical, pedagogical. To 1940 appeared in the city 8 professional and non-professional theaters.
important factor in stories life city of Krasnoyarsk was existence two big market squares. One was located on the arrow second in place of today Revolution Square. Most active they started trading in early September. From SOUTHERN parts Krasnoyarsk Territory barges came from flour, tomatoes, honey, caviar, watermelons and much more with !!! BUT fish in the Yenisei, until there were two largest in Russia HPP - Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya, caught with "pants", and predominantly sturgeon breeds ! Generally pies with sturgeon or bird cherry were visiting card of the Krasnoyarsk house!
At the beginning 30s years in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk appeared scientific institutions – Siberian Research Institute forest economy, sanitary and bacteriological institute, fishery station. AT 1930s year in Krasnoyarsk from Omsk translated Siberian Forestry institute. AT 1932 year was opened Pedagogical institute.
Before the war in Krasnoyarsk existed 2 airports that were both are within the city. Land located in the area of today takeoff street, and most runway was today's Molokova street. Hydroaerodrome was on Abakan stream next to the island Veal, which was subsequently renamed in island Molokov. AT history of the city of Krasnoyarsk such famous events related with aviation, how AlSib and Arctic flights. AlSib - it was a race US military aircraft from USA from Alaska in USSR throughout the territory USSR, including Krasnoyarsk. arctic flights are flights from Krasnoyarsk on the North per Polar circle. AT Arctic flights were attended by such famous pilots as J.S. Lipp, M.V. Vodopyanov, I.I. Cherevichny, V.S. Molokov. Developed in Krasnoyarsk and parachuting. AT 1935 year was opened flying club.
Left her mark on history of the city of Krasnoyarsk and The Great Patriotic War. sent to the front several tens of thousands of Krasnoyarsk residents. At the beginning of the war from European part USSR It was evacuated in Krasnoyarsk region more 40 enterprises, part which directly to Krasnoyarsk. For example, Bryansk machine building plant "Red Profintern" - today Sibtyazhmash, Zaporozhye combine and Lyubertsy agricultural machinery plant – today combine harvester factory. During the war years in Krasnoyarsk was about 20 hospitals. Ranks Hero of the Soviet Union honored 176 Krasnoyarsk residents!
After the war, one of the most notable events in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk, construction became the largest in the USSR Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Krasnoyarsk HPP built with 1956 on 1972 year. Her complete power 6,000,000 kWh. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP built with 1963 on 2000th year. Her complete power 10,000,000 kWh. Another notable event in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk became airport relocation outside the city in 1985 year at a distance 31 km from the city. Krasnoyarsk the airport was built taking into account the operation supersonic aircraft Tu 144, as spare airport !
AT 2016 year population Krasnoyarsk is about 1 000 000 man, but this is taking into account immigrants, the number of which according to different sources maybe more 100 000 human !
Most cutting and significant leap in development history of the city of Krasnoyarsk and generally speaking Krasnoyarsk Territory occurred while in office Governor A.I. Lebed With 1998 on 2002 year . In particular, with him in Krasnoyarsk began real construction UNDERGROUND, which stopped right after his untimely death on April 28, 2002 of the year . In general, the number of his glorious deeds in history of the city of Krasnoyarsk is long list! GUESTS, cities Krasnoyarsk, former in Krasnoyarsk before governorships A.I.Lebed, and after him claim what DO NOT RECOGNIZE our city! widow A.I.Lebed Inna Lebed asked: « And what is he MYSELF in life appreciated most from made them ?» She answered: "Cadet Corps!"
rich and varied cultural history city of Krasnoyarsk. Among creators of beauty in Krasnoyarsk such names — painters V.I. Surikov, D.I. Karatanov, A.G. Pozdeev, opera singers P.I. Slovtsov, D.A. Khvorostovsky, V.S. Polushin, ballerina N.M. Chekhovskaya, writer V.P. Astafiev and others. Widespread popularity worldwide conquered Krasnoyarsk State Dance Ensemble of Siberia name M.S. Godenko, created in 1960s year. AT 1978 year in Krasnoyarsk was built Opera and Ballet theatre. AT 1982 year in restored building catholic church resounded organ. Opened in the same year Large concert hall.
History of the city of Krasnoyarsk rich sports achievements. Repeatedly in Krasnoyarsk were carried out Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR. Krasnoyarsk region is homeland for such Olympic champions like I. Yarygin, Lyubov Berezhnaya, Alexey Shumakov, Elena Naimushina, and many others. In addition to Olympic champions, there are many champions Mira and Europe. AT Krasnoyarsk lots of sports facilities.
A Brief History of the Krasnoyarsk Territory “The history of the Prienisei Territory goes back to ancient times. The first people settled here about 200 thousand years ago. Over the past centuries, waves of several great migrations of mankind have swept through the territory. Before the arrival of the Russians, a few Turkic, Samoyed, Tungus and Yenisei tribes lived here, possessing an original ancient culture and a special way of life "(Yenisei encyclopedic Dictionary. Krasnoyarsk: Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. P. 9). The first Russians appeared in the Yenisei region from the north in a place that they called the Turukhansk region. In 1619, the Yenisei prison was founded, which played a large role in the Russian development of Siberia. Until 1629, the territory of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory was part of a vast region with the center in the city of Tobolsk. Later, the prisons of Yeniseisk, Krasnoyarsk and Kansk with adjacent lands were assigned to the Tomsk category. In 1676, the Yenisei prison received the status of a city, under which all the settlements along the Yenisei and the right-bank territories stretching to Transbaikalia were transferred. Peter I in 1708 carried out territorial and administrative transformations to streamline the administration of the state. Main administrative unit Russian Empire became a province, which included provinces, divided into counties. According to the Decree of December 18, 1708, the entire territory of the Russian Empire was divided into eight provinces. Siberia and part of the Urals became part of the Siberian province with the center in the city of Tobolsk. Due to the long distances, the lack of means of communication, the administration of the territories of the Siberian province was extremely difficult. There was a need for territorial transformations. In 1719, three provinces were established as part of the Siberian province: Vyatka, Solikamsk and Tobolsk, and five years later two more - Irkutsk and Yenisei with a center in the city of Yeniseisk. The Yenisei province included the counties: Mangazeisky, Yenisei, Krasnoyarsk, Tomsk, Kuznetsk, Narymsky and Ketsky. In 1764, by decree of Catherine II, the territory of Siberia was subjected to another administrative-territorial reform: a second province was established - Irkutsk, which included the Yenisei province. Two decades later, the Yenisei province was liquidated, its counties were included in three provinces: Tobolsk (Yeniseisk and Achinsk), Irkutsk and Kolyvan (Krasnoyarsk). In 1797, all territories of the Yenisei River basin were assigned to the Tobolsk province (until 1804; then, until 1822, they were part of the Tomsk province). In order to centralize management in 1803, the Siberian Governor General was created with the center in the city of Irkutsk, which absorbed the territories of Tobolsk, Irkutsk and Tomsk provinces. In 1822, this system of territorial subordination was abolished, and instead the West Siberian (the center of Tobolsk) and the East Siberian (the center of Irkutsk) general governments were created. At the same time, at the suggestion of M. M. Speransky, who was conducting an audit of the Siberian possessions, Emperor Alexander I signed a decree on the formation of the Yenisei province as part of five districts: Krasnoyarsk, Yenisei (with Turukhansk Territory), Achinsk, Minusinsk and Kansk. The city of Krasnoyarsk was approved as the administrative center of the newly formed province. On February 26, 1831, the Senate issued a decree "On the organization of the post office in the Yenisei province." A provincial post office was established in Krasnoyarsk, postal expeditions were established in Yeniseisk and Achinsk, and post offices were opened in Kansk, Minusinsk and Turukhansk. For 50 years after the creation of the Yenisei province, minor changes took place in the administrative structure of the Russian Empire: in 1879, the districts were renamed counties. The territory of the Yenisei province did not undergo any changes and basically coincided with the borders of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory. Since 1913, the Yenisei Governorate has been part of the Irkutsk Governor General. In April 1914, the Russian government establishes a protectorate over Tuva, which, under the name of the Uryankhai region, became part of the Yenisei province. A similar administrative-territorial division persisted until the early 1920s. Since 1923, work began on the zoning of Siberia, which marked the beginning of the administrative reorganization of the territory of the region. Volosts were abolished, enlarged districts were created. By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of May 25, 1925, all provinces and regions in Siberia are abolished, their territories are merged into a single Siberian Territory, with the center in Novosibirsk. By the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 7, 1934, as a result of the disaggregation of the West Siberian and East Siberian regions, the Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed. The Achinsk, Birilyussky, Bogotolsky, Karatuzsky, Kuraginsky, Minusinsky, Ermakovsky, Nazarovsky, Usinsky and Uzhursky regions, as well as the Khakass Autonomous Region, consisting of six regions, moved away from the West Siberian to the new region. From the East Siberian - the entire Yenisei and Kansk districts as part of 21 districts, as well as the Evenk and Taimyr national districts. In total, there were 52 districts in the region. The Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed practically within the former borders of the former Yenisei Governorate. The administrative-territorial division in 1935-1936 underwent significant changes. New districts were formed: Berezovsky, Daursky, Idrinsky, Ilansky, Igarsky, Kozulsky, Krasnoturansky and Tyukhtetsky, in 1936 - Yemelyanovsky district. In 1991, the Khakass Autonomous Region seceded from the territory and was transformed into a republic. On January 1, 2007, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenetsky) Autonomous Okrug and the Evenk Autonomous Okrug merged into a new entity Russian Federation- Krasnoyarsk Territory within the borders of three previously existing subjects, autonomous regions became part of the region as the Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets and Evenk regions.
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The former governor of the Primorsky Territory, Yevgeny Nazdratenko, said in one of the television programs: “I understand why the Chinese prove that Primorye is their territory, but I don’t understand why Russian historians prove the same to me.” Is it possible to say that thanks to these historians, our Siberian and Far Eastern lands are theoretically prepared for surrender to the Chinese? After all Soviet people remember that only good things were said about the Chinese fraternal people in those days. At that time, propaganda led to the idea that with China, the Soviet Union could not be afraid of the United States, which was fomenting a third world war. A similar point of view can be heard now, especially after the conclusion of a gas contract with China in the midst of the Ukrainian crisis. On the other hand, these days one can observe how groups of tourists from China coming to Vladivostok regularly hold small rallies at the Primorsky State Museum. They exclaim: “Look! The Russians themselves admit that Primorye once belonged to us, the Chinese! Russians are occupiers!” But is it really so? What peoples inhabited these lands in ancient times? The answer of orthodox history to these questions is not in our favor. In the fundamental historical work edited by Academician Okladnikov "History of Siberia" in five volumes, all antiquity is at the mercy of the Mongoloid races. The book meticulously describes scrapers, pots, axes, but lacks the main thing: information about the racial and ethnic affiliation of the peoples who created the Siberian civilizations. But according to the logic, it is with this important topic and should have started. The Soviet archaeologist and anthropologist Valery Pavlovich Alekseev noted that the famous Tagar culture, which left behind tens of thousands of burial mounds in southern Siberia, was created by Caucasians. (Quote) Hundreds of skulls were measured from the Tagar mounds - and the vast majority are Caucasian skulls ... And here are the words of the largest anthropologist, the creator of the face reconstruction technology from the skull, Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov, who examined the skulls found near Krasnoyarsk from burials of the Copper Age. He emphasized that people with features of typical Caucasians lived on the Yenisei. Another significant episode is connected with Gerasimov. Having studied the remains of the Timurid dynasty in Samarkand, the scientist reported to the Academy of Sciences that their skulls have all the signs of a Caucasoid type. To which he was told what to portray ancient ruler Asia is not correct for a European, so it is better to give it some Mongoloid features. What Gerasimov did, leaving only the skull Caucasian. And if today we look closely at Gerasimov's reconstruction of Tamerlane's appearance, it is clear that it intricately combines a Caucasoid base and Mongoloid external features. Another scientist, Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich, during his Central Asian expedition of 1923-1928, found evidence that all of Central Asia was originally inhabited by the Slavic ethnic group. Here is one such evidence: “We met a completely unusual female headdress for Tibet, which was a pronounced Slavic kokoshnik ...” No less striking archaeological evidence of the presence of the white race in the heart of Eurasia are the finds of mummies of white people in China. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, European travelers, exploring the Takla Makan desert region, discovered several mummies with signs of the Caucasian race: brown and blond hair, slender bodies, large deep-set eyes. However, they were soon forgotten. Mummies again reminded of themselves in the late 70s, when Chinese archaeologists began to explore this region. The cut of clothes and methods of making fabrics on the bodies largely coincided with what was woven and worn by their contemporaries who lived in Europe. In addition, the yarga, the oldest Slavic symbol, is carved on household items - spindles and utensils, and wooden objects are decorated in a style very similar to the so-called Scythian animal style. In the early 90s, over a thousand mummies of white people were discovered in the region, but by 98, the Chinese government banned further archaeological expeditions to the area. And this is quite understandable. Further excavations would prove the fact, unpleasant for the Chinese, that it was not they who first discovered iron, invented the saddle and chariots, and domesticated the horse. All this was done long ago by representatives of the White race and generously shared with them ... It is interesting that, according to the latest data, these mummies of white people are attributed to the Dinlin tribes. According to one version, the word "dinlin" is a distorted word for "long". Young children often say not "long", but "long". What were these dinlins? According to the Chinese chronicles, the Dinlins were of tall build, had blond hair, straight noses and blue eyes. "The Dinglins had the hearts of tigers and wolves and amazed everyone with their contempt for death, determination and courage," the Chinese report. Treasuring personal freedom, they could not stand submission and therefore abandoned their enslaved homeland and went to where there was space and there were no oppressors. According to legend, Chinese civilization began with the fact that a White God named Huang Di flew to them from the north on a heavenly chariot, who taught them everything: from cultivating rice fields and building dams to hieroglyphic writing. CI, they are Dinlins - and there is the name of the tribes of the white race that lived north of Ancient China. It should be noted that such legends are not something unique in the world practice. In almost all countries that had an ancient culture, there are legends that claim that knowledge was brought to them by white gods. In Egypt, according to legend, in ancient times, 9 white gods acted as rulers. Interestingly, the exposition of the Cairo Museum contains statues of the pharaohs of the 4th Dynasty and their wives, who have clear signs of the white race - blue and gray eyes, blond hair and skin. The ancient legends of the Indians of Central and South America also tell that white bearded people once landed on the shores of their country. They brought the Indians the basics of knowledge, laws, writing, the whole civilization. That is why later these peoples practically did not resist the cruel conquest of the Spanish conquistadors, whom the Indians mistook for the white gods from their legends. The legend of a single white god, who was the beginning of every ancient civilization of the Indians of both Americas, has also survived to this day. The Toltecs and Aztecs called the white god Quetzalcoatl, the Incas called Viracocha, and the Maya called Kukulkan. The Peruvians, who to this day claim that the gods had blond hair and blue eyes, called him Justus. The so-called ancient Greek gods are also all fair-haired, slender and powerful. According to the legends, many of them came from the north, from the mysterious Hyperborea. Recent studies show that ancient Greek sculpture was not actually colorless, the statues were painted with bright colors. Looking at the reconstructions, it becomes clear why in the descriptions of the external appearance of the Greek gods, such adjectives as "light-eyed", "fair-haired" and "tall" predominate. In India, six white rishis, sages who came from the north, acted as progressors. Interestingly, light skin and eyes are very popular in the Indian film industry, and the favorites of the public often have a completely European appearance. Now Indians in general and actors in particular are in great demand for whitening creams. And if we add to this that all more or less famous actors belong to the two highest castes of India - Brahmins and Kshatriyas, then the picture becomes more understandable. Genetic studies show that at present, from 70 to 72% of the representatives of these two castes have the haplogroup R1a, which is called "Aryan". It is safe to say that initially these castes consisted mainly of people of the white race. By the way, a similar wave of new fashion in recent years has covered Japan and South Korea. Young boys and girls are very eager to dye their hair in light blond, red and platinum colors. Almost half of the stars of show business and even sports have become blondes. Where does such a craving to change their racial traits come from? A few photos will help us answer this question. How a common person imagines a native of Japan? Maybe so? Or so? Let's take a look at this photograph from 1899 of the Ainu people from the island of Shikotan. We see a typical Russian face. And here is a photograph of the Ainu from the island of Hokkaido. Also a typical Russian face. The Encyclopedia reports that the Ainu are "a dying tribe belonging to the primary inhabitants of Siberia... they inhabited all of Japan before the Japanese invasion and were almost exterminated by the latter in a fierce struggle." Now few people know that it was they, the Ainu, who were the indigenous population of Japan. They created amazingly beautiful ceramics, mysterious figurines of dogu, reminiscent of a man in a modern space suit, and, in addition, it turned out that they were perhaps the earliest farmers in the Far East. Relatively recently, new evidence has become widely known that crosses out the official history of China. Now many people already know about the famous Chinese pyramids, of which more than 400 have been found in northern China. Researchers are not allowed to visit them, but with the help of the Google Earth program, everyone can see them. It would seem that if these pyramids prove the antiquity and greatness of Chinese history, then it would be very beneficial for the Chinese to trumpet this to the whole world. However, this has not been done so far, which leads to the conclusion that there is no connection between these structures and Chinese history. It is interesting that in Primorye there are also many ancient mound pyramids, reaching 300 m in height, the locals call them "hills". Two of them, "Brother" and "Sister" are located near the city of Nakhodka. The upper third of the hill "Brother", which had a large room inside with solid concrete walls, was blown up by order of the authorities of Primorye in the mid-60s. and today is a very depressing sight. Consider another monumental structure - the famous Great Wall of China. It was not built to protect against the "treacherous northern barbarians", as it sounds according to the official version, if only because its loopholes face south, not north. In the latest reconstructions, the loopholes are shifted to the north side. The windows of the watchtowers, previously facing only to the south, are also laid with bricks, and again “open” to the north. In the old Western European maps, the Wall runs exactly along the border separating the Great Tartaria (i.e. Siberian Russia) and China. According to the research of the authors of the New Chronology, the Great "Chinese" wall was built after 1644. to mark the border with Russia, however, no matter how correct this dating, we see that this structure does not at all prove the greatness of ancient China. And what is "China" anyway? Every Muscovite knows about the existence of Kitay-gorod metro station in Moscow. In turn, the station is named after the historic district on the outskirts of Moscow. In the old days, "China" in Russia was called a distant, remote area, and "China" was called the inhabitants of the distant outskirts. Therefore, on the map of Herberstein dated 1549, the headwaters of the Ob is called “the Kambalyk region in China”, and the city of Kambalyk stands on the shore of the “Chinese Lake”. These and other testimonies that do not fit into the falsified historical picture of the world are hushed up and destroyed. For example, immediately after the underwater archaeologist Genrikh Petrovich Kostin from Vladivostok discovered irrefutable evidence of the existence of a powerful Slavic civilization in Primorye with a developed culture of navigation, the South Koreans, following the North Koreans, classified archaeological research on the Korean Peninsula. Instead of these data, we are told about the antiquity of Chinese history. Thousands of academic papers, doctoral and master's theses are written on this topic ... But here's a curious fact - the first work on physics in China was published in 1920. The Chinese explain this by the fact that they did not need any science until that time. They had enough of Confucius, who is considered an ancient thinker and philosopher. What is Confucianism? A person sits in a pose of contemplation and takes all his thoughts practically out of thin air, and is not based on experiences and experiments. But if there was no experimental science, then where did the Chinese get gunpowder, rockets, paper, drilling rigs and many other technologies, the invention of which is attributed to ancient China? According to the latest research in the field of New Chronology, the history of China began to be created after a false, unreasonably long history of countries was written Western Europe, allegedly originating from "ancient" Greece and "ancient" Rome. We touched on this topic in the series "Roman Empire" from the cycle "Great Tartaria - only facts." According to the New Chronology, such a falsification of Chinese history was carried out by the Jesuits of the Vatican, who settled in China long before the annexation of Primorye and the Amur Region to Russia. They also composed "Chinese Chronicles" for the Chinese. Of course, it is difficult for us to part with the myth of the deep antiquity of China and Eastern civilizations in general, because from school we were introduced into the matrix, taught to think about the antiquity of the East compared to the West. However, upon careful analysis, the overlap of European history with Chinese history becomes obvious. Here are some examples. In the 1st century BC. in Europe, the “ancient” Roman Empire allegedly arises, founded by Sulla allegedly in 83 BC. From the very beginning of its existence, we are told, the empire claimed its rights to world domination. And in the I century BC. in China, the famous “ancient” Han empire arises, which also sought to create a world empire by conquering its neighbors. It is impossible not to note the meaningful "name" first emperor , whose name was simply and modestly - U. Let's continue. The "ancient" Roman Empire at first successfully carried out the unification of neighboring lands under its rule through conquests. Then, however, Rome began to suffer defeat. During the reign of Marcus Aurelius, the Roman Empire faced strong opponents in the north. The reign of Marcus Aurelius, allegedly 161-180, turned into "a time of cruel wars and economic impoverishment." At the same time, the Han Chinese Empire successfully carried out the military unification of neighboring lands. But then the difficulties began. "The war in the north was not only unsuccessful, but also led to the complete economic exhaustion of China." Then, at the beginning of the supposedly III century AD. The "ancient" Roman Empire ceases to exist in the fire of internecine wars and anarchy. The period allegedly 217-270 in the history of Rome bears the official name “Political anarchy of the middle of the III century. Time of "soldier emperors". At the same time, allegedly in distant China, the Han empire also ceased to exist. The picture of its death exactly repeats the picture of the death of the "ancient" Roman Empire, which simultaneously took place at the other end of the vast Eurasian continent. - Illiterate soldiers come to power. Historians date the death of the Han Empire 3 years later than the death of the Roman Empire. So, both here and there, "soldier emperors" appear at the same time. After the collapse allegedly in the middle of the III century AD. In the "ancient" Roman Empire, founded by Sulla and Caesar, power in Rome soon passes into the hands of the famous woman - Julia Mesa, a relative of the emperor Caracalla. She actually rules Rome, elevates her henchmen to the throne. In the end, she is killed in an internecine struggle allegedly in 234. The era of her reign is characterized as exceptionally bloody. What is happening in China at this time? Soon after the alleged collapse of the Han Empire in the 3rd century, the wife of one of the emperors also came to power in the country, who was “energetic and ferocious”, which marks the beginning of a new bloody era.” After a while, she was killed. These events are dated in Chinese history allegedly to 291-300 AD. Probably, the "ancient Chinese empress" and the "ancient Roman Julia Mesa" are just two different phantom reflections of the same medieval queen. Then the overlay continues - the ancient Roman Empire is divided into western and eastern, at the same time the Jin empire is divided into western and eastern. Further along the chronological scale, "Ancient" Rome wages constant heavy wars with the "barbarians" - the Goths and the Huns. China, in the same way, in this era is fighting with the "barbarians", namely, with the Huns. Thus, the same Huns-Huns simultaneously attack phantom Rome and phantom China supposedly at different ends of the Eurasian continent. It is impossible not to note the very meaningful name of the capital of China at that time. She was simply and modestly called E. It turns out that the already falsified European history, slightly covered by Asian exoticism, “moved” to China without a time shift. Only the geography has changed and the names have been slightly distorted, but even the dates have not practically changed ... It would seem, what can these historical processes have to do with us? Unfortunately, the most immediate Because a false story, like any lie, bears bitter fruit. Here is a prime example. By order of the creators of the so-called "Eurasian concept" with the money of the Kazakh President Nazarbayev, the famous film director Bodrov Sr. made the film "Mongol", in which the historical illusion is effectively enhanced by the cinematic illusion. On December 16, 1996, Nursultan Nazarbayev delivered a speech that began the exaltation of the Kazakhs as an “imperial nation” and the formation of a sense of superiority over other peoples and, above all, over the Russians: “Almost one and a half thousand years ago, the Turks created the first great state - the Turkic Khaganate, the heirs of which were many states, including our country. Thanks to their undoubted superiority, the nomadic peoples were able to capture the regions occupied by the settled agricultural population ... The empires created by the Turks, although they arose as a result of conquest, later played a certain civilizing role. The tsarist autocracy in Russia pursued a policy of inciting some peoples against others. In particular, these methods were used to unleash a war between the Kazakhs and the Oirats in order to exterminate both peoples. These were the prerequisites for the subsequent events of the 18th century, which eventually led to the loss of independence of Kazakhstan and its transformation into a colony of the Russian Empire. Meanwhile, modern Kazakhs have never been called that way. They were kaisaks, and had a reputation as a very backward people. In order to get rid of the common name, they began to call themselves "Kazakhs", giving themselves the name of that part Ancient Russia, which was called Cossack, Cossack Stan or Kazakstan. Moreover, all this happened not long ago, in February 1936, when the decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Kazakh SSR / On the Russian pronunciation and written designation of the word “Cossack” / determined that the last letter “k” was replaced by the letter “x”. Until 1936, not only did the state “Kazakhstan” not exist in the world, but there were no Kazakhs as a nation at all. There is another lie in Nazarbayev's words - the Russians never had colonies. Russian civilization has always been wider than the Russian ethnos. Along with the Russians proper, it included all those peoples who for centuries lived side by side in the field of Russian cultural and historical gravity, mutually enriching each other. Here it is appropriate to quote a prominent English scientist, Roderick Murchinson, who, using his popularity and influence in society, in 1853 organized a powerful movement in England against Britain's entry into the Crimean War. “Even if Russia expands its possessions at the expense of neighboring colonies, unlike the other colonial powers, it gives more to these new acquisitions than it takes from them. And not because she is driven by some kind of philanthropy or something like that. The initial aspirations of all empires differ little, but where a Russian man appears, everything miraculously takes on a completely different direction. The moral norms developed by the Eastern Slavs since pre-Christian times do not allow a Russian person to rape someone else's conscience and encroach on property that does not rightfully belong to him. More often, out of the indestructible feeling of compassion rooted in him, he is ready to give up his last shirt than to take it away from someone. Therefore, no matter how victorious Russian weapons are, in purely mercantile terms, Russia always remains a loser. Those who are defeated or protected by it, in the end, usually win by keeping their way of life and spiritual institutions intact, despite their obvious insufficiency for progress. The latter seems to us a paradox, but such is the reality, the root causes of which lie, undoubtedly, in the peculiarities of Russian morality ... "
prehistoric time
Man settled the territory of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory in the Upper Paleolithic about 45 thousand years ago, as evidenced by the discovery of the Sopkarginsky mammoth in Taimyr, on the zygomatic bone of which scientists have identified damage from the heavy spear of primitive hunters.
The oldest layers of the Afontova Gora, Kurtak 4, Kashtanka, Ust-Kova, Brazhnoye sites date back to 28-32 thousand years ago. The oldest Late Paleolithic sites on the coast of the Derbinsky Bay of the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir date back to the period of the Konoshchel cooling of the Karginsky time (29-30 thousand years ago). On the left bank of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir, on the spit at the confluence of the Izhul River with the Yenisei, in the eastern part of the Kurtak archaeological area, there are the Middle Pleistocene sites Ust-Izhul 1 and Ust-Izhul 2. At the Ust-Izhul 2 site, a radiocarbon date of 30,010 ± 1470 years was obtained. Frontal bone of a human species Homo sapiens from the Pokrovka II locality (Malyi Log II) is dated at 27,740±150 years old.
The Achinskaya and Tarachikha sites belong to the period of 18-24 thousand years ago. At the Late Paleolithic Achinsk site (ca. 20 thousand years BC), archaeologists found an ornamented wand, which, possibly, represents a lunar calendar. The Listvenka site in the vicinity of Divnogorsk dates back to 16.5-10 thousand years. The age of 15-10 thousand years dates back to the Kokorevskaya culture in the upper reaches of the Yenisei.
According to the burials of the Bronze Age near the village of Andronovo, the Andronovo culture (XVII-IX centuries BC) was called.
Early states
The first state on the territory of southern Siberia arose in the 3rd century BC. e. Ancient Chinese chronicles called its creators the people " Dinlin" (Chinese 丁零), and the state - "Dinling-go" (丁零国).
Middle Ages
After the defeat of Dinlin-go by the Xiongnu troops, the Turkic-speaking tribe of the Kyrgyz moved to the Minusinsk Basin.
In the VI-VII centuries, the Kyrgyz with subservient taiga peoples formed a peripheral inheritance of the Central Asian states, headed by the governor - Elteber.
In the VIII century - a separatist region, led by their own beks and inals, claiming the dignity of a khan (see Bars-kagan).
In the 9th century - a rapidly expanding aggressive steppe empire with a deified kagan family.
There are reasons to consider the Trans-Baikal people Uvan as the immediate ancestors of the Evenks, who, according to the Chinese chronicles of the 5th-7th centuries, lived in the mountain taiga northeast of Barguzin and the Selenga. The Uvans were not natives of Transbaikalia, but were a group of nomadic pastoralists who came here from a more southern area. In the process of settling across the expanses of Siberia, the Tungus encountered local tribes and, ultimately, assimilated them. The peculiarities of the ethnic formation of the Tungus led to the fact that they are characterized by three anthropological types, as well as three different economic and cultural groups: reindeer herders, cattle breeders and fishermen.
As part of Russia
Until 1629, the territory of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory was part of the Tobolsk category with the center in the city of Tobolsk. Since 1629, the Yenisei, Krasnoyarsk and Kansk prisons with adjacent lands were assigned to the Tomsk category separated from the Tobolsk category.
In 1676, the Yenisei prison received the status of a city, under which all the settlements along the Yenisei and the right-bank territories stretching to Transbaikalia were transferred.
In order to centralize management in 1803, the Siberian General Government was created with a center in the city of Irkutsk, which absorbed the territories of Tobolsk, Irkutsk and Tomsk provinces.
In 1822, this system of territorial subordination was abolished, and the West Siberian (center - Tobolsk) and East Siberian (center - Irkutsk) general governments were created instead.
At the same time, at the suggestion of M. M. Speransky, who was conducting an audit of the Siberian possessions, Emperor Alexander I signed a decree on the formation of the Yenisei province as part of five districts: Krasnoyarsk, Yenisei (with Turukhansk region), Achinsk, Minusinsk and Kansk. The city of Krasnoyarsk was approved as the administrative center of the newly formed province.
On February 26, 1831, the Senate issued a decree "On the organization of the post office in the Yenisei province." A provincial post office was established in Krasnoyarsk, postal expeditions were established in Yeniseisk and Achinsk, and post offices were opened in Kansk, Minusinsk and Turukhansk.
For 50 years after the creation of the Yenisei province, minor changes took place in the administrative structure of the Russian Empire: in 1879, the districts were renamed counties. The territory of the Yenisei province did not undergo any changes and basically coincided with the borders of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Since 1913, the Yenisei Governorate has been part of the Irkutsk Governor General. In April 1914, Russia establishes a protectorate over Tuva, which, under the name Uryankhai region, became part of the Yenisei province.
A similar administrative-territorial division persisted until the early 1920s.
USSR period
In the middle of 1921, the Tuvan revolutionaries, supported by the Red Army of the RSFSR, decided to proclaim the national sovereignty of Tuva.
Since 1923, work began on the zoning of Siberia, which marked the beginning of the administrative reorganization of the territory of the region. With the abolition of volosts, enlarged districts are created.
By the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 7, 1934, as a result of the disaggregation of the West Siberian and East Siberian territories, the Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed (practically within the former borders of the Yenisei Governorate).
The Achinsk, Berezovsky, Birylyussky, Bogotolsky, Ermakovsky, Karatuzsky, Kuraginsky, Minusinsky, Nazarovsky, Usinsky and Uzhursky regions, as well as the Khakass Autonomous Region, consisting of 6 regions, moved away from the West Siberian Territory to the new region.
Abansky, Balakhtinsky, Boguchansky, Bolshe-Murtinsky, Dzerzhinsky, Yeniseysky, Ilansky, Irbeysky, Kazachino-Yeniseisky, Kansky, Kezhemsky, Krasnoyarsky, Mansky, Nizhneingashsky, Novoselovsky, Partizansky, Pirovsky, Rybinsky, Sukhobuzimsky departed from the East Siberian Territory to the new edge , Taseevsky, Turukhansky, Uyarsky, as well as Evenk and Taimyr national districts. In total, the region included 52 districts. Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk, Bogotol, Yeniseisk, Kansk, Minusinsk became cities of regional subordination.
The administrative-territorial division in 1935-1936 underwent significant changes. New districts were formed: Artyomovsky, Daursky (from parts of Krasnoyarsk, Balakhtinsky and Novoselovsky), Idrinsky, Igarsky, Kozulsky, Krasnoturansky, Udereysky, Severo-Yeniseisky and Tyukhtetsky (from Bogotolsky), and the Krasnoyarsk region was divided into - Emelyanovsky and Sovietsky district.
On October 23, 1956, the Krasnoyarsk Territory was awarded the Order of Lenin for the development of virgin lands.
The Kaganovichsky urban district of Krasnoyarsk was renamed into Oktyabrsky.
The Stalin city district of Krasnoyarsk was renamed into Central. The city of Nazarovo becomes a city of regional subordination.
Area 2,143.8 thousand sq. km.
General information
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory there were: in 1936 - 56, in 1945 - 63, in 1960 - 60, in 1964 - 41 (including 4 industrial ones), in 1974 - 55, in 1986 -56; village councils: in 1936 - 1,026, in 1945 - 1,012, in 1958 - 680, in 1964 - 563, in 1974 - 543, in 1986 - 547. 1959 - 2,615.1; 1970 - 2962.0; 1979 - 3,197.6; 1989 -3 596.2 (in modern borders - 3 027.6). In 1936, there were 9 cities and 18 urban-type settlements in the region, in 1945 - 12 and 28, in 1960 - 16 and 48, in 1974 - 20 and 61, in 1986 - 27 and 63. The proportion of the urban population: in 1939 - 29, 8%, in 1959 - 49.6%, in 1989 - 72.8%. National composition: in 1939 - Russians 86.1%, Ukrainians 2.7, Khakasses 2.5, Tatars 1.6, Mordovians 1.3, Belarusians 1.0, peoples of the North 0.8, Chuvashs 0.7, Latvians and Latgalians 0.7, Estonians 0.6, Poles 0.4, Jews 0.3, others 1.3%; in 1959 - Russians 84.3%, Ukrainians 3.3, Germans 2.6, Khakasses 2.0, Tatars 1.5, Belarusians 0.9, Chuvashs 0.8, Mordovians 0.7, Lithuanians 0.7, Latvians 0.5, peoples of the North - 0.3, other 2.4%; in 1989 - Russians 86.3%, Ukrainians 3.3, Khakasses 1.9, Germans 1.5, Tatars 1.5, Belarusians 0.9, Chuvashs 0.8, Mordovians 0.4, peoples of the North - 0.4 , other 3.0%.
Construction does not stop even in such fogs. But with the help of radio communication. Crane BK-1000 B. Photo: Oleg Kapkin, Kodinsk
The Krasnoyarsk Territory has favorable conditions for the progressive development of industry, ranking first in Russia in terms of timber reserves, and third in terms of mineral fuel reserves (mainly lignite, oil). Krasnoyarsk non-ferrous metallurgy produces up to 27% of all Russian aluminum, more than 75% of copper, 80% of nickel, and almost all of platinum. More than half of Krasnoyarsk aluminum, nickel and cobalt is supplied abroad. A non-ferrous metal plant and an aluminum plant located in Krasnoyarsk, the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant (see Norilsk Nickel) and the Achinsk Alumina Combine are among the world's largest enterprises in their industries. The region is the 2nd coal base of the country after Kuzbass. The capacities of the Kansk-Achinsk fuel and energy complex make it possible to extract up to 55 million tons of coal per year. In terms of electricity production, the region ranks second in the country, and in terms of hydropower resources it is in first place. The Krasnoyarsk, Ust-Khantayskaya, Mainskaya hydroelectric power stations, Nazarovskaya state district power station operate on the territory of the region. There is an enterprise for the processing of nuclear waste. The timber industry complex is represented by almost 400 enterprises producing more than 600 types of products. In terms of timber harvesting, the region ranks third in the country. The most important types of products: coal, iron ore, non-ferrous and rare metal ores, gold, graphite, Icelandic spar, equipment for the timber and pulp and paper industries, combine harvesters, heavy overhead cranes, ships, household refrigerators, televisions, excavators, containers, electrical products, trailers, tools, chemical fibers, synthetic rubber, tires, medicines, rubber products. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is a monopolist in the Russian Federation in the production of polycrystalline germanium, cobalt and nickel powder, nickel ore, refrigerated semi-trailers, metallurgical cranes, timber loaders, butadiene rubber.
Agriculture
During the economic crisis, the intra-industry structure of agriculture changed. In 2004, the share of crop production in agricultural production was 58%, livestock - 42% (in 1987, respectively, 33.5 and 66.5%). The sown area in 2004 was 1,615.7 thousand hectares. The structure of the sown area: cereals and legumes 59.6%, fodder 34.6%, potatoes and vegetables and gourds 5.5%. The gross harvest of grain is 1,991.9 thousand tons, potatoes - 1,016.2 thousand tons, vegetables - 255.5 thousand tons.
Animal husbandry of the meat and dairy direction, pig and poultry breeding is developed. The number of cattle is 478.6 thousand, pigs - 486 thousand. 108.1 thousand tons of livestock and poultry meat, 651.5 thousand tons of milk, 705.2 million eggs were produced. Reindeer breeding and fur trade are developed in the north, and fishing is on the Yenisei and its tributaries. The main grain producers (91.5%) are large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises. Potatoes and vegetables are grown mainly in personal household plots (LPS) of the population - respectively 97.4 and 90.6%. In the production of meat and milk, the share of agricultural enterprises is 53.3 and 52.7%, household plots - 46 and 46.8%, respectively. The presence of farms is noticeable only in the cultivation of grain - 8%. In the production of other agricultural products, their share is minimal.
Transport
A section of the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (from the Bogotol station in the west to the Nizhnyaya Poima station in the east) and a section of the South Siberian Railway Abakan-. The lines Achinsk-Abakan and Achinsk-Abalakovo-Maklakovo depart from the Trans-Siberian Railway, giving an outlet to the forest of the Angara region. For the export of nepheline ore, the Kiya-Shaltyr (Belogorsk)-Krasnaya Sopka railway, as well as the Lower Poima-Boguchany, was built. The operational length of railways is 2,068 km. Road transport is used mainly in the southern part of the region. Highways: "Baikal" (Novosibirsk-Kemerovo-Achinsk-Krasnoyarsk-Irkutsk), "Yenisei" (Krasnoyarsk-Abakan-Kyzyl-Mongolia). Other important roads: Kansk-Abakan, Achinsk-Yeniseisk. The length of paved roads is 12,620 km. Navigation is carried out along the Yenisei River with access to Northern Sea Route . Major river ports: Krasnoyarsk, Igarka. Seaports: Dixon, Dudinka, Khatanga. There are 15 airports, including the international one in Krasnoyarsk.
Science and education of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
There are 64 scientific institutions in the region, including the Krasnoyarsk science Center SB RAS, including the Institute of Forestry. V.N. Sukachev, Institute of Physics. L.V. Kirensky, Institute of Biophysics, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Krasnoyarsk Department of Forecasting economic development region of the IETPP. The Institute of Medical Problems of the North of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, several NRUs of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, about 30 branch research institutes, their branches and departments, and a number of design organizations work in Krasnoyarsk.
The educational system of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a significant part of the social complex and consists of preschool, general, additional and vocational education. In 2004, enrollment of children in preschool educational institutions amounted to 57.5%. In the region 1 529 general education schools, in which 359 thousand students study.
Widely practiced additional education students: scientific and technical, physical culture and sports, artistic and aesthetic, tourist and local history. In the system of primary vocational education, there are 93 institutions with 36.6 thousand students; institutions of secondary vocational education - 68 with a student population of 63.2 thousand. higher education represented by the highest educational institutions and branches of universities, where more than 124.7 thousand students study. In 2004, medical care in the territory of the region was provided by 255 hospitals, 553 outpatient clinics.
culture
The Krasnoyarsk Territory has rich cultural traditions. At the beginning of the XXI century. there are several theaters in the region: opera and ballet, drama named after. A.S. Pushkin, musical comedy, Youth Theater, puppet theater and others, there are concert halls, an organ music hall, a philharmonic society, a circus, a local history museum. Outside the region, the Krasnoyarsk Academic Symphony Orchestra and the famous Siberian Folk Dance Ensemble named after V.I. M.S. Godenko. In Krasnoyarsk, the Siberian-Far Eastern Branch of the Academy of Arts of Russia named after V.I. IN AND. Surikov. The Krasnoyarsk school of opera singing has a long tradition.
Sights of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
There are 3,999 monuments of history and culture in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, of which 98 are of national significance. Among the most significant are: Memorial Complex V.P. Astafiev in the village of Ovsyanka; historical and ethnographic museum-reserve "Shushenskoye" in the village of Shushenskoye; Yeniseisk is one of the 116 cities-monuments of Russia, the urban development of which includes more than 90 architectural and historical monuments (XVII-XVIII centuries), the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery and the Holy Iberian Convent, the Salt Plant (XVII century) in the village Trinity; Local Lore Museum. N.M. Martyanova (1877) in Minusinsk; mansion of merchant G.V. Yudina, Church of the Intercession (1785-95) and Church of the Annunciation (1804-12) in Krasnoyarsk; chapel on the Guard Mountain (1855); Museum-estate of V.I. Surikov, Art Museum. IN AND. Surikov.
Lit.: natural conditions Krasnoyarsk region. M., 1961; Krasnoyarsk Territory (materials on geography and history). Krasnoyarsk, 1962; Krasnoyarsk Territory: Natural and economic-geographical zoning. Krasnoyarsk, 1962; Aleksandrov V.A. Russian population of Siberia in the 17th and early 18th centuries. (Yenisei Territory). M., 1964; Kopylov A.N. Russians on the Yenisei in the 17th century. Novosibirsk, 1965; Essays on the history of the Krasnoyarsk party organization. Krasnoyarsk, 1970. Vol. 2; Tarasov G.L. Territorial and economic problems of development and location of the productive forces of Eastern Siberia. M., 1970; Krasnoyarsk Territory: Socio-economic problems. Novosibirsk, 1993; Krasnoyarsk Territory in the history of the Fatherland. Book one: 1890-1917. Krasnoyarsk, 1996; Krasnoyarsk Territory in the history of the Fatherland. Book two: 1917-1940. Krasnoyarsk, 1996; Yenisei encyclopedic dictionary. Krasnoyarsk, 1998; Krasnoyarsk Territory in the history of the Fatherland. Book Three: 1941 - 1953. Krasnoyarsk, 2000; Krasnoyarsk Territory in the history of the Fatherland. Book Four: 1954-1985. Krasnoyarsk, 2001; Shevchenko V.N. Creation of the defense industry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory during the Great Patriotic War(1941 - 1945). Krasnoyarsk, 2005; Regions of Russia. The main characteristics of the subjects of the Russian Federation. 2005: Stat. Sat. M., 2006.
V.G. Shishikin
Administrative-territorial structure
The Krasnoyarsk Territory includes 17 urban districts and 44 municipal districts.
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Sport
There are 5299 sports facilities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In 2007 Krasnoyarsk athletes won 116 medals at all-Russian and international competitions. In 2007, 360 regional mass sports events and more than 20 national and international competitions were held in the region.
Tourism
In 1978, a 4-deck cruise ship "Anton Chekhov" was built in Austria. Tourist cruises began to be carried out along the Yenisei from Krasnoyarsk to Igarka, but in view of the great risk when passing through the Kazachinsky rapids in the 21st century, it was transferred by the Northern Sea Route for operation on the Volga.
A large number of tourists visit Shushenskoe and the international festival of ethnic music "Sayan Ring". The "Absolute Drag Battle in the Middle of Russia" - the famous drag racing competition, which set most of the country's records in this discipline, also gained fame.
Yeniseisk has a great tourist potential, which in the 19th century was the best county town in Russia.
Born in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
- Gorovoy, Alexander Vladimirovich (born 1960) - Russian statesman, police lieutenant general, First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (since 2011).
- Yarygin, Ivan Sergeevich (November 7, 1948 - October 11, 1997) - two-time Olympic champion in freestyle wrestling.
- Surikov, Vasily Ivanovich (January 24, 1848, Krasnoyarsk - March 19, 1916, Moscow) - a great Russian artist.
The history of the Yenisei region goes back to ancient times. The first people settled here about 200 thousand years ago. Over the past centuries, waves of several great migrations of mankind have swept through the territory. Before the arrival of the Russians, a few Turkic, Samoyed, Tungus and Yenisei tribes lived here, possessing an original ancient culture and a special way of life. The first fragmentary information about the appearance of Russians on the Yenisei dates back to those distant times when the brave Pomors descendants of the Novgorod ushkuins got here along the “icy” sea along the northern coasts of the continent. However, the widespread settlement of the Yenisei region took place against the background of the annexation of Eastern Siberia to the Russian state at the beginning of the 15th first third of the 17th centuries. The main goal of the exploration movement in Siberia was "soft junk" (furs) the most important currency item of income for the Muscovite state in the 16th - 17th centuries.
Russian explorers entered the Yenisei basin at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries. The advance of the Russians went by water-and-drag routes. Making their way from the north from the side of the "gold-boiling Mangazeya", the Cossacks in 1607 founded the first permanent settlement in the region at the mouth of the Turukhan - a winter hut "near Nikola on Turukhan". So the first of the "celestials" to the banks of the Yenisei came Nikolai the Wonderworker - the most popular "patron" of merchants and sailors in Russian settlements. The settlement subsequently became known as New Mangazeya (the current village of Staroturukhansk).
With the development of the Makovsky portage, the active advance of the Russians into Eastern Siberia along the system of rivers: the Ob - Ket - Kem - Yenisei - Angara - Lena was laid. At the end of the portage at the entrance to the Angara in 1619, the Yenisei prison was erected, which for more than 150 years was the main commodity distribution and craft center of Eastern Siberia. To protect from the south the approaches to the Yeniseisk and waterway Krasnoyarsk (1628), Kansk (1628), Achinsk (1641) prisons were founded, which received the names of the Krasnoyarsk notch line. The territories to the south of it were annexed only in early XVIII century, when, with the establishment of the Abakan (1707) and Sayan (1718) prisons on the banks of the Yenisei, Russian power was finally established. A certain role in the settlement of the south of the region began to play the Yanovsky portage, which connected the basins of the Upper Chulym and the Yenisei in the territory of the present Novoselovsky district.
In the 17th century On the territory of the region, the Yenisei agricultural region, second in importance in Siberia, after Verkhotursko-Tobolsk, was formed, supplying bread to all the eastern outlying lands of Russia.
With the construction of the Moscow (Siberian) tract in the middle of the XVIII century. a new stage of settlement and development of the Yenisei region opens. The delivery of goods from Russia to the East and in the opposite direction has accelerated many times over, compared to the water route, trade has intensified (the winter sleigh convoy kept pace from Irbit in the Urals to Kyakhta in Transbaikalia in just two months, instead of a two-year journey along the rivers and portages of Siberia with long exhausting winters). The maintenance of the tract (carriage trade, yamshchina) contributed to the formation of handicraft and trade and transport functions of cities that replaced their military-defense functions.
Economic life is gradually moving from the north to the zone of the Moscow, Achinsk, Yenisei and Taseevsky tracts. The flow of free settlers is sent to the Minusinsk, Achinsk and Krasnoyarsk districts as the most favorable for agriculture. The growth of the Russian population in the south of the province was accelerated by the creation of a copper and iron industry (Lukazsky and Irbinsk plants) in the 30s of the 18th century. The cities of Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk, Kansk, Minusinsk are developing. The establishment in 1822 of the Yenisei province served as a new powerful impetus for the development of the Yenisei region under a single administration. Due to the convenience of the transport and geographical position, the city of Krasnoyarsk became the administrative center of the province, although in economic terms it was significantly inferior to Yeniseisk. The population of the province by the day of its foundation was 158.7 thousand people with a clear predominance of Russians.
By the middle of the nineteenth century. Yenisei province becomes the largest gold-mining region of Russia. During the apogee of the "gold rush" (1847), 1212 out of 1270 poods of all gold mined in the Russian Empire were washed in the Trans-Angara taiga. Gold mining accelerated the development of shipping on the Yenisei, the growth of agriculture and animal husbandry, stirred up the life and way of life of the Yenisei villages, wrote glorious and tragic pages in economic history Yenisei province and all of Russia.
By the end of the nineteenth century. in the province, a network of old-timer settlements has developed, which is still the "framework" of the settlement network of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. With the conduct of the territory of the province in 1895-1897. The Trans-Siberian Railway and the introduction of capitalist relations are developing a factory industry, the main share of which was accounted for by railway enterprises (railway workshops in Krasnoyarsk, Ilansk, Bogotol), gold mining, distillation, timber and iron industries. A migration flow from Central Russia rushed to the territory of the province, especially with the implementation of the new agrarian policy of P.A. Stolypin, which amounted to about 400 thousand people before the revolution. The population of the province, which in 1897 reached 570.2 thousand people, by 1914 increased to 1119.2 thousand inhabitants.
