interest and its importance. What is interest See what is "interest" in other dictionaries

Why is this topic so important?

According to psychologists, the cognitive need is inherent in the child by nature itself. Being developed, it begins to play the role of a motive, constantly encouraging the child to expand his knowledge.
Preschool age is especially favorable for the formation of cognitive needs. It was during these years that the transition from the knowledge of the near environment to the knowledge of the entire surrounding world took place. How a child learns this world: he plays, constructs, sculpts, draws - he acts. In activity, the process of forming the cognitive interests of children takes place.

It is especially important to actively support any manifestations of the natural desire of children 4-5 years old for knowledge, since the hallmark of this age is cognitive activity. At the age of 5, the preparation of children for schooling begins, which is not limited to obtaining specific knowledge, skills and abilities. The ability to read and count, draw, physical skills will undoubtedly contribute to the success of schooling. A child can learn all this in the game. The main thing is to awaken the child's curiosity, interest in solving problematic problems, in participating in research games, inviting him to construct numbers and letters from paper, threads, cubes, to model words and sentences in the game.

Essence of interest

As the etymological dictionary of the Russian language indicates, this word is borrowed through Polish from German or directly from German language in the Petrine era. Until the middle of the 18th century, it originally meant "benefit, business". Modern meaning interpreted as “attention to someone, something; entertainment, fascination; importance, value, benefit, benefit" and arose under the influence of the French interet.
In the dictionary of the Russian language of the XVIII century, except for this definition an explanation of interest appears as a property: “Interest, a property that binds and forces one to take part in a person, in a deed or an essay”.

The definition of "interest" in pedagogy, psychology and other sources:

Other sources	In pedagogy	In psychology
"Interest - French. - benefit, benefit, profit; interest, growth on money. Sympathy in who or what participation, care. amusement or meaning, the importance of the matter. (Explanatory Dictionary of V. Dahl)	"Interest - desire for knowledge of an object or phenomenon, to mastering one way or another type of activity. Interest is selective, acts as the most significant incentive acquiring knowledge, expanding horizons, is an important condition for a truly creative attitude to work. An essential role as a physiological basis of interest is played by orienting reflex". (Russian pedagogical encyclopedia)	“Interest is used to refer to all of the following concepts: attention, curiosity, motivation, focus, concern, focus, awareness, desire". (Big sensible psychological dictionary).
Interest - (from lat. - to participate) share, share, attraction to something, participation in something, propensity for something ("show interest"); the value and significance we attach to a thing that accordingly occupies our thoughts and feelings; from a material point of view, also benefit, benefit, self-interest (“have your own interest”). One who has an interest in something is called interested; the one who constantly pursues certain interests or to whom some offer is made in the hope of success is called an interested person. Interesting is what excites and holds our attention., because it has a positive or negative meaning for our practical or theoretical needs. Depending on the subject of interest, one speaks of material and spiritual, scientific and artistic, general and private interests. (Vasmer's etymological dictionary http://www.fasmer-dictionary.info/philosophy/Interes-915.html)	Interest, form of manifestation of cognitive need, ensuring the orientation of the individual to the realization of the goals of activity and thereby contributing to orientation, familiarization with new facts, a more complete and deeper reflection of reality. (Pedagogical encyclopedic Dictionary).	"Interest - motive or motivational state, encouraging to cognitive activity…. Emotional and volitional moments interest act specifically - as an intellectual emotion and effort associated with overcoming intellectual difficulties. (Psychological Dictionary).

The concept of "interest" is ambiguous!

As you can see, the concept of “interest” is ambiguous. "Interest" also means any form of the subject's orientation to mastering one or another type of activity, or it means those forms of activity that are associated with the process of cognition. Sometimes the concept of "interest" is narrowed down to the following concepts: attention, curiosity, stimulus etc. In the definition of interest there are emotional and volitional moments - emotion and effort.
Modern philosophy, psychology considers interest not as an isolated psychological phenomenon, but in close connection with the needs and motives that affect all spheres of society and human life. The content of these concepts is revealed in the works of B. G. Ananiev, E. P. Ilyin, A. N. Leontiev, S. L. Rubinshtein and other authors. .
With all the variety of judgments of the “interest” phenomenon, there are several main approaches to determining psychological characteristics this concept. Interest means:

as an attitude;
as a need;
as a cognitive orientation.

In addition, interest is considered as curiosity, attention and positive emotion.

1. Ananiev B.G. On the problems of modern human knowledge. - M.: Nauka, 1977. - 380s.
2. Ananiev B.G. Psychology and problems of human knowledge / Edited by A.A. Bodalev. – M.: Institute practical psychology, Voronezh: NPO "MODEK", 1996. - 384 p.
3. Ananiev B.G. Man as an object of knowledge. - Leningrad: Len.univer. - 1968, - 339s.
4. Big explanatory psychological dictionary / Reber A. Volume 1 (A - O): Per. from eng. - M.: Bere ATS, 2000. - 592 p.
5. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. Volume II. I - O. - M .: State of the foreign. and national dictionaries, 1956. - 779 p.
6. Ilyin E.P. Motivation and motives. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004. - 509 p.: ill. - (Series "Masters of Psychology"). — ISBN 5-272-00028-5
7. Leontiev A.N. Activity, consciousness, personality. - M.: Politizdat, 1975. - 304 p.
8. Leontiev A.N. Favorites psychological works: In 2 vols. T. I - M .: Pedagogy, 1983. - 392 p.
9. Pedagogical encyclopedic dictionary / Ed. B.M.Bim-Bad. – M.: Bolshaya Russian encyclopedia, 2002. - 528 p.
10. Psychological Dictionary / Ed. V.P. Zinchenko, M.G. Meshcheryakova. - 2nd ed., revised and additional. - M.: Astrel, ATS, Transitbook, 2004. - 479 p.
11. Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia: In 2 vols. / Ch. ed. V.V.Davydov. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1993. - 608 p., T.1 - A-M - 1993.
12. Rubinstein S.L. Basics general psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2005. -713 p.
13. Dictionary of the Russian language of the XVIII century. Issue 9 (From - Kasta). - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1997. - 270 p.
14. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Volume II I. Issue 7 ed. N.M. Shansky. - M .: from the Moscow University, 1980. - 146 p.

from lat. - participate) share, share, attraction to something, participation in something, inclination to something ("show interest"); the value and significance we attach to a thing that accordingly occupies our thoughts and feelings; from a material point of view, also benefit, benefit, self-interest ("to have one's own interest"). One who has an interest in something is called interested; the one who constantly pursues certain interests or to whom some offer is made in the hope of success is called an interested person. The interesting is that which excites and holds our attention (see also Wesen) because it has a positive or negative meaning for our practical or theoretical needs. Depending on the subject of interest, one speaks of material and spiritual, scientific and artistic, general and private interests. "Prudent interest" calls Helvetius the connection of disinterestedness with one's own benefit. From a political point of view, especially from a foreign policy point of view, interest means certain claims of the state beyond its borders.

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

INTEREST (in psychology)

the form of manifestation is cognizable. needs, the satisfaction of which provides a focus on understanding the goals of activity and thereby contributes to filling gaps in human knowledge, orientation, familiarization with new facts, in general, a more complete and profound reflection of reality. Philos. and psychological. the concept of I. was widely used by the French. sensualists and materialists of the 18th century. According to Condillac, a person's interest in experiencing pleasant feelings and avoiding suffering turns I. into a cause that generates reason and will. In Helvetius I., along with need, - unities. universal human engine. deeds. This understanding of I. answers the main. ideas of the theory of rational egoism. Herbart makes I. center. concept of their pedagogy. However, this concept is vague and is metaphysical. character, which is expressed in the interpretation of I. as "spiritual initiative" and corresponds to the general meaning of idealistic. psychology of Herbart, in particular his doctrine of apperception. Herbart's theory had a meaning. influence on the bourgeois psychology. Osterman, Stumpf, Külpe, Ziegen, Ebbinghaus considered I. as an emotional process: as a feeling of pleasure that prompts apperception of the content associated with it (Külpe), a sensual tone of sensations (Ziegen), a sensual factor that determines the direction of attention (Ebbinghaus), etc. d. Valzeman, Natorp, Kapterev and others saw in I. a special state of will. Meiman understood by I. mental activity, caused by feeling and directed by attention. James associated I. with instincts and saw in I. innate reactions to certain stimuli. Mn. modern app. Psychologists, following James, Dewey, Thorndike, and Freud, biologize human I., identifying them with the instincts of animals, asserting the innateness and fatal predetermination of the emergence and development of I. Soviet psychology, in the interpretation of I., proceeds from the Marxist theory of the social essence of the human personality, its needs and I. Genetically, I. are associated with the orienting activity of higher animals. Such a connection is found in the property of I., which characterizes it as a general, undifferentiated reaction to novelty, and constitutes a genetic. continuity between I. and the orienting reflex. However, on this evolution the basis of the goal-setting character of a person. activity (labor) formed a completely new, qualitatively different from animals, objective attitude to reality, the derivatives of which are the features of a human being. psyche in general, cognizant. need and its form , in particular. Because Labor historically represents societies. production, and the human psyche is formed by a set of societies. relations, then the indicated subject orientation of I. has a generalized character of the societal-personal attitude of people to the goals and results of societies. production From this t. sp. I. studied historical. materialism. Psychology studies I. on a personal level, drawing on the social plan to the extent of its decisive influence on the formation of human beings. psyche, since the emergence and change of I. are determined by the social-historical. conditions of human existence and depend on training and education. Subjectively, I. is found in the positive. emotional tone, which acquires the process of cognition, in the desire to learn even more, to become more familiar with the object I. The role of I. in human processes. activity is exceptionally large, tk. as one of the forms of manifestation of purposefulness. activity I. expresses encourage. the power of objects as objects of activity corresponding to cognition. needs, and thus makes a person actively look for ways and means to satisfy the "thirst for knowledge" that has arisen in him. Satisfaction of I., if it is not of a random nature, as a rule, does not lead to its extinction, but, internally rebuilding, enriching and deepening it, causes the emergence of new I., answering more high level cognizant. activities. Thus, I. act as a permanent induce. mechanism of knowledge. Cognitive. a need expressed in I. as an activity, turning in the dynamics of its development into a need to do specific type activities, forms the so-called. inclinations. The presence of diverse I. is a necessary side of psychological. personality, a significant manifestation of its activity and orientation. I. directs all mental. processes along a certain channel, which finds expression primarily in attention to the object of I. and is physiologically explained by the appearance in the cerebral cortex of a focus of optimal excitability, or a dominant focus of excitation. I.'s connection with the dominant focus explains the fact that everything perceived by a person in the state of I. is assimilated by him quickly and reliably. Change and reorganization And. are followed by movement of the center of optimum excitability across a cerebral cortex and emergence of the new dominant centers, emergence to-rykh is caused by dynamics of process of satisfaction of needs. Difference I. in content reveals the objects of I. and relates them. value for the subject. Psychologically and socially, it is essential to what the person mainly shows and what society is like. the significance of its object I. Speaking about I. to a particular object, they distinguish between direct and mediated I., understanding the first as I., caused directly. the emotional attractiveness of the object, and the second - as I. to the object as a means of achieving the goal of the activity. Not being absolutely opposite, these two types of I. allow connections and mutual transitions: a person who understands the meaning and significance of the matter, to which he is busy, is interested in it. In people, I. is distributed differently. The concentration of I. in a certain area in some people is opposite to the dispersion of I. in others. The narrowness of I. acts as a prerequisite and result of the one-sidedness of personality development. However, the final assessment of the narrowness or breadth of I. is ultimately determined by their content. The stability of I. is expressed in the duration of preservation of a relatively intense I. Stable are I., most fully revealing the basic needs of a given individual and, because of this, becoming creatures. psychological traits. form of his personality. The totality of I., which characterizes the individual, is always under the direct influence of societies. conditions and reflects the determined attitude of the individual and society. In the socialist society I. people are characterized by high ideological and political. level, due to the living connection of personal I. with public ones. About the wealth of I. owls. people testify. facts: creative. the nature of the labor of workers, collective farmers, the intelligentsia, the broadest development of education, the mass dissemination of such forms of communist. education, as people's universities of culture, health, a wide scope of all types of amateur performances, etc. Socialist society strives in every possible way to satisfy the growing I. of people and thereby contributes to their accelerated growth and development. In the owls psychology, much attention is paid to the formation of I. children (educational, social-political, reader, professional, etc.) in the conditions of training and education, age-related changes in I., individually psychological. differences in their development (B. G. Ananiev, L. I. Bozhovich, M. F. Belyaev, V. M. Myasishchev, etc.). See also Personality, Motives, Need, Feelings. About I. class, material, spiritual, etc. see Public and private interests. Lit.: Ananin S. ?., Interest in the teaching of modern psychology and pedagogy, K., 1915; Gordon L. ?., Needs and interests, "Soviet Pedagogy", 1939, No 8–9; Belyaev? ?., Basic provisions of the psychology of interest, "Uch. Zap. Irkutsk State Ped. Institute", 1940, no. 5; Dobrynin? ?., Interest and attention, "Uch. Zap. Moscow. State. Ped. Institute named after Liebknecht. Ser. Pedagogical", 1941, vol. 8, no. 2; Tsvetkov I. M., Interest and dynamics of its development in a student, "Uch. Zap. Yaroslavl State Ped. Institute", 1944, no. one; Bozhovich L. I., Cognitive interests and ways of studying them, "Izv. APN RSFSR", 1955, no. 73; Ivanov V. G., The main provisions of the theory of interest in the light of the problem of human relations, "Uch. Zap. Leningrad State University No. 214. Ser. Philosophical Sciences", 1956, no. 9; Ananiev B. G., Cognitive needs and interests, ibid., No 265, 1959, no. 16; Lunk G., Das Interesse, Bd 1–2, Lpz., 1926–27; Fryer D., The measurement of interests in relation to human adjustment, N. Y., ; Guilford J. P., A factor analysis study of human interests, 1954. A. Petrovsky. Moscow

interest

(eng. interest) need attitude or motivational state that encourages cognitive activity, unfolding mainly in the internal plan. Under the conditions of emerging cognitive activity, the content of I. can be enriched more and more, including new connections of the objective world. The emotional and volitional moments of I. act specifically as an intellectual emotion and an effort associated with overcoming intellectual difficulties. I. is closely connected with the actual human level of mastering reality in the form of knowledge. I. (especially educational) is a traditional subject of research in psychology and pedagogy.

I. are classified according to content, that is, according to their subject relatedness; by the breadth of subject content; in depth, i.e., in terms of their rootedness in the system of needs relations of the individual; on sustainability; by strength; by duration. I. occupies an intermediate position in the increasingly complex series of human needs to the world: it arises on the basis of a cognitive attraction (desire) to a particular area of reality and in the process of its development can develop into a stable personal need in an active, active attitude towards one's subject, in inclination. (A. B. Orlov.)

Ed.: A. Reber in his "Dictionary of Psychology" (1995) honestly admits the impossibility of giving a full definition of the word "I.", which, in his opinion, is used by almost everyone purely intuitively. It is limited only to the list of words that are associated with I.: from attention to desire. At the same time, attempts are sometimes made to give the concept of I. great theoretical significance.

Some authors interpret I. as one of the emotions close to surprise, curiosity. For example, K. Izard includes I. among the basal (primary) emotions, which, among other things, have motivational significance. I. is described in such terms as enthusiasm for the content and involvement in the process of activity.

L. S. Vygotsky interpreted I. as a specifically human level in the development of needs, which is characterized by consciousness and freedom: "I. appears before us as a conscious desire, as an attraction for oneself, in contrast to an instinctive impulse, which is an attraction in itself." I. these are "higher cultural needs", which are driving forces behavior. In the "Psychological Dictionary" (1931) by B. E. Warsaw and L. S. Vygotsky, I. is defined as "emotionally colored attitude, focus on c.-l. activity or on a c.-l. object, caused by a positive attitude towards the subject ".

The very word "I.", although it has lat. basis, but to the classical lat. does not belong to the language; it appeared in the capitalist era as a technical, special (namely, accounting) term, meaning the expected income (benefit) from some costs. (B. M.)

On understanding the goals of the activity and thereby contributing to orientation, familiarization with new facts, a more complete and deeper reflection of reality. Subjectively, I. is found in the emotional tone that the process of cognition acquires, in attention to the object of I. The satisfaction of I. does not lead to its extinction, but causes new I., corresponding to a higher level of cognitive activity. I. in the dynamics of its development can turn into as a manifestation in the implementation of activities that cause I. Distinguish between direct I., caused by the attractiveness of the object, and indirect I. to the object as a means of achieving the goals of activity. I.'s stability is expressed in the duration of its preservation and in its intensity. The stability of I. is evidenced by overcoming difficulties in the implementation of activities that in itself do not cause I., but the fulfillment of which is a condition for the implementation of an activity of interest to a person. The assessment of the breadth or narrowness of I. is ultimately determined by its content and significance for the individual.

Brief psychological dictionary. - Rostov-on-Don: PHOENIX. L.A. Karpenko, A.V. Petrovsky, M. G. Yaroshevsky. 1998 .

Interest

A form of manifestation of the cognitive need, which ensures the orientation of the individual to the realization of the goals of activity and thereby contributes to orientation, familiarization with new facts, and a better reflection of reality. Subjectively, it is found in the emotional tone that the process of cognition acquires, in attention to the object of interest. Satisfaction of interest does not lead to its extinction, but causes new interests that correspond to a higher level of cognitive activity. Interest in the dynamics of development can turn into a propensity as a manifestation of the need to carry out activities that arouse interest. There is a difference between direct interest, caused by the attractiveness of the object, and indirect interest in the object as a means of achieving the goals of activity. The stability of interest is expressed in the duration of its preservation and its intensity. The stability of interest is evidenced by the overcoming of difficulties in the implementation of activities, which in itself does not cause interest, but is a condition for the implementation of the activity of interest. An assessment of the breadth or narrowness of interest is determined by its content and significance for the individual.

Dictionary practical psychologist. - M.: AST, Harvest. S. Yu. Golovin. 1998 .

Interest Etymology.

Comes from lat. interest - important.

Category.

Subjective representation of the elements of the motivational-need sphere.

Specificity.

A form of motivation for activity on the part of functional motives, the satisfaction of which is associated not with the result, but with the process of activity focused on the world. Among other types of functional motives (based on the needs for play, communication, and creativity), cognitive motives occupy a special place. It is accompanied by a specific emotion of captivity, enchantment, which presents the individual with objects with which his subject-functional needs are associated, the subjective pleasantness of which is a factor in the constant reproduction of the corresponding activity.

Research.

In laboratory and experimental studies, interest is considered as a manifestation of orienting activity aimed at adapting to the ambiguity of the surrounding world and associated with a sense of satisfaction with an optimal level of stimulation (D.E. Berlain, D.O. Hebb). With such an approach, which received the designation "ecological", the external conditions of interest (novelty, ) are determined, but the opportunity is lost to consider the individual specificity of interests, their orientation towards miscellaneous items. To a greater extent, this possibility is realized when relying on the analysis of ontogenetic development. So, when analyzing the problem of interests within the framework of age and educational psychology(S.L. Rubinshtein, A.N. Leontiev, A.V. Petrovsky), the main patterns and stages of formation of interests in the development of culture, their role in productive activity and stimulating effect on attention, thought processes, self-realization of the individual were identified.

Private interests are integrated into an interest in life, opposite to psychological apathy, which characterizes the level of psychological health of an individual and expresses the breadth and depth of his subject interests, the ease of their occurrence, stability in adverse conditions. Interest in life is quite independent of vital activity, another sign of psychological health, based largely on achievement motivation.

Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000 .

INTEREST

(English) interest) - a need attitude or a motivational state that encourages cognitive activity, which unfolds mainly in the internal plan. Under the conditions of emerging cognitive activity, the content of I. can be enriched more and more, including new connections of the objective world. The emotional and volitional moments of I. act specifically - as an intellectual and the effort associated with overcoming intellectual difficulties. I. is closely connected with the actual human level of mastering reality in the form knowledge. I. (especially educational) is a traditional subject of research in psychology and pedagogy.

I. are classified according to content, that is, according to their subject relatedness; by the breadth of subject content; in depth, i.e., in terms of their rootedness in the system of needs relations of the individual; on sustainability; by strength; by duration. I. occupies an intermediate position in the increasingly complex series of human needs relations to the world: it arises on the basis of cognitive attraction(desires) to a particular area of reality and in the process of its development can develop into a stable personal need for an active, active attitude towards its subject, in . (A. B. Orlov.)

Added ed.: A. Reber in his "Dictionary of Psychology" (1995) honestly admits the impossibility of giving a full definition of the word "I.", which, in his opinion, is used by almost everyone purely intuitively. It is limited only to the list of words that are associated with I.: from attention to desire. At the same time, attempts are sometimes made to give the concept of I. great theoretical significance.

Some authors interpret I. as one of the emotions close to surprise, curiosity. For example, K. Izard includes I. among basal(primary)emotions having, among other things, motivational value. I. is described in such terms as enthusiasm for the content and involvement in the process of activity.

L.FROM.Vygotsky interpreted I. as a specifically human level in the development of needs, which is characterized by consciousness and freedom: “I. appears to us as a conscious desire, as an attraction for itself, in contrast to the instinctive impulse, which is an attraction in itself. I. are "higher cultural needs", which are the driving forces of behavior. In the “Psychological Dictionary” (1931) by B. E. Varshava and L. S. Vygotsky, I. is defined as “an emotionally colored attitude, focus on k.-l. activity or on c.-l. object caused by a positive attitude towards the subject.

Big psychological dictionary. - M.: Prime-EVROZNAK. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 .

Synonyms:

Antonyms:

See what "interest" is in other dictionaries:

interest- Interest... Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language

interest- a, m. intérêt m. 1. fr., Interesse, pol. interests. Benefit, benefit. PPE 1698. E. Ts. In va and this many states from the Tatars ..; and this interest these gentlemen ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

INTEREST- (fr. interet; this. see interested). 1) benefit, benefit, profit. 2) attitude to the subject that excites curiosity, entertaining. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. INTEREST 1) benefit, profit, ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Interest- Interest ♦ Intérêt Subjectively, a form of desire or curiosity, often a combination of both. At the same time, it is possible to have an objective interest in that which arouses neither desire nor curiosity. Such, for example, is the child's interest in ... ... Philosophical Dictionary of Sponville

INTEREST- (from Latin interest matters, important) social, real reason for social actions, events, accomplishments, behind the immediate. motivations, motives, thoughts, ideas, etc. of individuals participating in these actions, social ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

INTEREST- INTEREST, interest, husband. (from lat. interest has meaning). 1. only units Attention aroused in relation to someone for something significant, important, useful or seemingly so. Listen without any interest. Show interest in the matter. Not without… … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

interest- See the profit in the interests, break someone's l. interests, stay at peak interest, keep interest(s)... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. interest interest, ... ... Synonym dictionary