Personal needs of a person. Basic human needs What are physical needs

Every creature that lives on our planet, even single-celled ones, has certain needs that it needs to satisfy in order to feel and live.

The more developed a being is, the more needs it has.

The physiological needs of a person are the most important of all, because if they are not satisfied, a person has one hundred percent chance of dying. Even a short-term refusal to satisfy them can lead to serious disturbances in the functioning of internal organs.

What it is?

Need- a certain need that needs to be satisfied in order for a person to feel good: to be protected, to realize that he is important for his environment and society as a whole, to be able to function productively, achieve his goals, feel satisfaction, and so on.

Physiological Needs, which are also called vital, are a kind of needs that allow a person to maintain life.

If a person cannot maintain them at the proper level, the ability to achieve higher goals will be impaired. If you completely cease to satisfy them, after a while there will come death(with the exception of the need to satisfy sexual desire).

In Maslow's pyramid of needs, physiological needs are the basis for all others, they are a kind of foundation.

What are the physiological needs of a person? Examples of vital needs:

the need to get enough calories to maintain the existence and perform certain activities of food and fluids;
the need for rest;
the need to sleep;
the need to breathe;
the ability to satisfy sexual desire and prolong the birth.

These needs are considered inferior.

Not only people need their satisfaction, but also animals, insects and other creatures.

A number of the simplest creatures have a shorter list of physiological needs.

Meaning and classification

The modern world is focused on achievements, so almost every person realizes that from him need to be better, stronger, smarter and, of course, to receive as high a salary as possible.

To achieve more, people push the satisfaction of physiological needs into the background.

Moreover, sometimes they put aside not only their own, but also the needs of their own children, who are enrolled in various circles and sections almost from birth.

In the end, they can just fail to eat and rest. All this leads to the appearance of many somatic and mental diseases.

Food

Food gives a person energy and useful substances, it is also able to bring pleasure, peace, satisfaction.

A well-fed person usually more balanced and happy than hungry.

Just being able to eat is not always enough: it is important that the food is high in calories and healthy.

If a person is engaged in heavy physical labor or trains a lot, he need to consume more calories than someone who is engaged in mental work and leads a moderately mobile or sedentary lifestyle.

What happens if the need for food is not met?

The human body is focused on storage: it creates energy reserves in the form of fat deposits and stores useful substances in organs (for example, fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in the liver and some other parts of the body.

With prolonged starvation, the body will begin to use the created reserves, and the person will continue to live for some time.

A healthy person without food able to live from one to two months, but provided that he has a source of water. Without liquids, he will live no more than three to seven days.

In the process of starvation, the human psyche begins to work with disorders: hallucinations, delusional states, increased irritability, and aggressiveness may occur. Violated, destroyed organs. If a child is starving, his development slows down.

Hidden fasting- a type of fasting in which there is food, but it does not contain enough useful substances, is widespread among people with financial problems.

Such people are more likely to develop various somatic diseases.

The norm of the physiological need for food and fluids:

Water- about 1.5-2.5 liters per day (a significant part of the liquids enters the body with food).
Kilocalories- 2000-3000 or more, depending on gender, weight, occupation and level of physical activity. The norm for each person can vary.
Protein- 35-87 grams per day.
Fats- 60-150 grams per day.
Carbohydrates- 255-585 grams per day.

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Rest and sleep

A person who does not have the opportunity to fully relax and sleep, unable to function fully in society.

During sleep, the brain processes the information received during the day, supports immunity (during sleep, T-lymphocytes are activated), and allows the body to rest properly. Also during sleep, toxic compounds are removed from the brain.

Rest, not related to sleep, is also important: a person is not able to do the same activity without interruptions, so from time to time you need to change activities or do nothing.

What happens if the need for sleep and rest is not met?

If a person regularly refuses to take a break or change activities for a short time, the likelihood of developing various mental disorders will increase significantly, especially and. Also, for those who deny themselves rest, it is more difficult to withstand stress.

If the person will systematically sleep deprived(sleep less than five to six hours a day), his cognitive abilities will deteriorate significantly, the likelihood of various infectious diseases will increase, the risk of developing mental disorders will increase, and emotional instability will occur.

In the long term, systematic sleep deprivation can become one of the reasons occurrence:

obesity;
oncological diseases (increases the likelihood of precancerous neoplasms);
stroke (the risk is four times higher than in people who get enough sleep);
type 2 diabetes;
cardiovascular diseases;
decrease in the number of spermatozoa (almost 30%);
early death.

Therefore, it is important for people who suffer from sleep disorders not to postpone a visit to the doctor.

Prolonged lack of sleep can lead to hallucinations, delusions.

People who do not sleep for a long time are able to fall asleep for a few seconds - this is called microsleep - and if they drive during this period, accidents can occur. At the same time, they themselves do not realize that they fell asleep for a short period of time.

The norm of the physiological need for sleep: individual. On average, people need at least 7-9 hours of sleep a night.

Air

Don't breathe people basically incapable, and the lack of air that a person can breathe will kill him in a very short time: most people will not live more than five minutes if they are deprived of the opportunity to breathe.

It is also important that the air that a person inhales be devoid of toxic impurities, since otherwise the risk of many somatic diseases, including cancer, increases.

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Sex

The need for reproduction and satisfaction of sexual desire. This need it is important to set a little apart: if it is dissatisfied, nothing terrible will happen to a person, he will be able to continue his life, except that its quality may decrease, especially if he has a strongly pronounced libido.

Some researchers tend to classify this need not as physiological, but as physiological and psychological needs.

And there are reasons for this: modern world the need to actively reproduce has practically disappeared, and sex has become primarily a symbol of intimacy, bodily pleasure.

A hundred or two hundred years ago, the need to multiply rapidly still existed, because otherwise humanity was threatened with gradual extinction due to infectious diseases and other negative factors.

The process of evolution clearly shows that species that are able to produce many viable offspring have a high survival rate, so sex and the need to reproduce are usually ranked as physiological needs.

What happens if the need for sex is not met? The person will become unhappy. This can lead some people to commit illegal acts.

In some people, the need for sex is significantly reduced, so they basically have little or no sexual desire.

There are also asexual people: they do not practice sex (or practice to please a non-asexual partner or to conceive a child, since asexuality does not mean that a person classifies himself as a childfree), although they can form alliances with other people.

And to the question of whether to continue their own race, each person must answer independently.

The difference in the physiological needs of a child and an adult

Child's needs slightly different from the needs of an adult: children also need quality food, sufficient and regular sleep, rest, clean air.

Until adolescence, the need to realize sexual desire is practically absent, but children are able to feel certain impulses: there are frequent cases of masturbation in childhood.

They are a variant of the norm (the child studies his body, listens to sensations), except when the child does this very often and neglects other activities: in this case, he must be shown to a child psychologist.

The norm of the physiological need for food for children:

from one to four years: 3-3.5 g of protein per kilogram (child's weight is multiplied by the indicated number), 3.5-4 g of fat and 10-12 g of carbohydrates.
from four to seven years: 3-3.5 g of protein, 3 g of fat, 15-16 g of carbohydrates.
school age: 2.5-3 g of protein, 2.5 g of fat, 10-13 g of carbohydrates.

The best and most balanced food for a child up to a year - mother's milk.

If it is not possible to feed the baby with milk, it is important, together with the doctor, to choose the best feeding option that takes into account the individual needs of the baby.

Sleep rate:

First six months of life: 16-20 hours a day.
Six months to six months: 14-15 hours.
From one to seven years: 12-14 hours.
Ages seven to adulthood: 8-10 hours.

It is also important for the child to have enough opportunities for regular rest.

How to prevent them from developing into addiction?

There are conditions in which a person experiences excessive desire to satisfy certain needs, for example, sleep a lot, eat often and a lot.

In such cases, one should not talk about addictions: as a rule, such changes signal that people have certain problems in mental or somatic health that need to be dealt with.

Specialists highlight a wide range of mental illnesses somehow related to food. These diseases are called EDD: Eating Disorders.

These include anorexia, bulimia, compulsive overeating, orthorexia, bigorexia and other diseases. They need to be treated together with a psychotherapist.

RPP is often combined with other mental illness, such as depression, neurosis, PTSD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and may occur against their background.

Also, excessive appetite may indicate the presence of hormonal disorders in the body.

Sometimes it occurs while taking certain medications.

If a person feels that his appetite has grown inadequately for no apparent reason and this persists for a long time, it is important for him to go to the hospital.

Excessive need for sleep and rest- a frequent symptom of various mental and somatic disorders. For example, people with chronic diseases need rest more than healthy people.

There is a term "hypersomnia". This is a condition in which a person sleeps a lot and feels drowsy outside of sleep.

She is observed and in healthy people(due to stress, after a period without sleep, when taking certain medications). It can also be observed in the presence of the following violations:

head injury;
depression;
uremia;
apnea.

Excessive need for sex may be a sign of various hormonal disorders, the presence of tumors (both benign and malignant), head injuries, complications after neuroinfections, and some mental disorders. But it can also be the norm, especially among teenagers.

In order not to become a hostage to your own physiological needs, it is important to listen to yourself even when alarms appear. contact doctors who specialize in somatics, or to psychotherapists.

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Frustration of the physiological needs of the child:

17.1 The concept of needs

Need- there is a state of need in certain conditions of life, activity, material objects, people or certain social factors, without which this individual experiences a state of discomfort.

The evolution of living beings cannot be explained only by adaptation to the environment. Activity is always more promising than defense. Needs are the source of activity of living beings. These are genetic programs aimed at mastering the environment. The more needs a living organism has, the more active it is, the greater its expansion, the higher its competitiveness in the struggle for existence. Of all the living organisms that live on Earth, humans have the most needs. Some people devote all their energies to a career, others selflessly engage in science, and still others spend their lives in a philosophical search for the meaning of life.

Features Needs:

1. Needs are always associated with the presence of a person feelings of dissatisfaction, which is due to the lack of what is required.

2. Needs determine selectivity of perception of the world, fixing a person’s attention on those objects that can satisfy this need (“A hungry godfather has only bread on his mind”, “Whoever hurts, he talks about it.”)

3. The presence of a need is accompanied emotions: first, as the need intensifies - negative, and then - if it is satisfied - positive.

4. Number of needs increases in the process of phylogenesis and ontogenesis. Thus, the number of needs increases in the evolutionary series: plants - primitive animals - highly developed animals - man, as well as in the ontogenetic series: newborn - infant - preschooler - schoolchild - adult.

5. Human needs form hierarchical system, where each need has its own level of significance. As they are satisfied, they give way to other needs.

As any need is realized and realized, a regular change in motivation occurs at the same time, caused by this need. Options for changing motivation in the process of fulfilling a need are shown in Fig. 17.1:

The dashed lines show the evolution of motivation when it is impossible to satisfy the need.

17.2 Classification of needs

There are many classifications of needs. The first classification divides all needs by origin into two large groups - natural and cultural (Fig. 17.2). The first of them are programmed at the genetic level, and the second are formed in the process of social life.

The second classification (according to the level of complexity) divides the needs into biological, social and spiritual.

Biological ones include the desire of a person to maintain his existence (the need for food, clothing, sleep, security, energy saving, etc.).

Social needs include a person's need for communication, for popularity, for dominance over other people, for belonging to a certain group, for leadership and recognition.

The spiritual needs of man are the need to know the world and himself, the desire for self-improvement and self-realization, in the knowledge of the meaning of his existence.

Usually a person simultaneously has more than ten unfulfilled needs at the same time, and his subconscious mind arranges them in order of importance, forming a rather complex hierarchical structure, known as “Abraham Maslow's pyramid. According to the idea of this American psychologist, its lower level is made up of physiological needs, then comes the need for security (realizing which a person seeks to avoid emotions of fear), above is the need for love, then the need for respect and recognition, and at the very top of the pyramid - the desire of the individual for self-actualization. However, these needs are far from exhausting the set of actual human needs. No less important are the needs for knowledge, freedom and beauty. Therefore, it makes sense to supplement the concept of A. Maslow with several more needs (Fig. 17.3). The content of the needs of each level is described in more detail in Table. 17.3.

Tab. 17.3 Contents of the levels of the pyramid of needs

№	Level needs
	Physiological (biological) needs	The human need for food, drink, oxygen, optimal temperature and humidity, rest, sexual activity, etc.
	Need in security and stability	The need for the stability of the existence of the current order of things. Confidence in the future, the feeling that nothing threatens you, and old age will be secure.
	The need to acquire, accumulate and capture	The need for not always motivated acquisition of material values. Excessive manifestation of this need leads to greed, greed, stinginess
	Need in love and belonging to a group	The need to love and be loved. The need to communicate with other people, to be involved in a group.

Human - the whole world, there would only be a basic motive in him noble.

A need is a condition caused by the need for certain conditions of human life and development.

Needs are the source of activity and activity of people. The formation of needs occurs in the process of education and self-education - familiarization with the world of human culture.

Needs can be very different, unconscious, in the form of drives. A person only feels that something is missing or experiences a state of tension and anxiety. Awareness of needs is manifested in the form of behavioral motives.

Needs define the personality and guide its behavior.

Need - a perceived psychological or physiological deficiency of something, reflected in the perception of a person.

Basic human needs: to have, to be, to do, to love, to grow. The motive of people's activity is the desire to satisfy these needs.

Have — manifestation of need at two levels:

1st - people want to have things necessary for survival (housing, food, clothing), for themselves and their families and to maintain a standard of living acceptable to themselves. The main source of motivation in this case is the opportunity to earn money;

2nd - people make prestigious acquisitions (works of art, antiques).

To be- most people develop, often subconsciously, the desired image of a person, how they want to be and look in the eyes of others (famous, powerful).

Do- every person wants to be appreciated, to live a full life (professional success, raising children).

Be in love Every person wants to love and be loved, desired.

Grow The realization of opportunities comes at the expense of growth. A small child says: "I'll grow up and ...", an older one says: "I myself ...". This need reaches its peak in adulthood and determines the range of human capabilities.

This list of needs is based on the views of Abraham Maslow. In 1943, the American psychophysiologist of Russian origin A. Maslow conducted research on the motives of human behavior and developed one of the theories of the needs of human behavior. He classified needs according to a hierarchical system - from physiological (lowest level) to self-expression needs (highest level). Maslow depicted the levels of needs in the form of a pyramid. The base of the pyramid (and this is the foundation) - physiological needs - the basis of life.

The ability to satisfy their needs in people is different and depends on the following general factors: age, environment, knowledge, skills, desires and abilities of the person himself.

Hierarchy of human needs according to A. Maslow

1st level- physiological needs - ensure the survival of a person. This level is absolutely primitive.

1 - breathe,

2 - there is,

3 - drink,

4 - highlight,

5 - sleep, rest

2nd level— safety and security needs — concern for maintaining standard of living, striving for material reliability.

6 - be clean

7 - dress, undress

8 - maintain body temperature

9 - to be healthy

10 - avoid danger, disease, stress

11 - move

Many people spend almost all of their time meeting the needs of the first two levels.

3rd level- social needs - the search for one's place in life - these are the needs of most people, a person cannot "live in the desert."

12 - communication

4th level- The need for respect from others. A. Maslow had in mind the steady self-improvement of people.

13 - success

5 - th level - the top of the pyramid - the needs of self-expression, self-actualization - the expression of oneself, service, the realization of a person's potential.

14 - play, study, work,

Maslow defined his theory: any person has not only lower needs, but also higher ones. These needs are self-satisfied throughout life.

Human personality device

3 - knowledge

M - worldview

A - social activity

3 + A - M = careerism

M + A - 3 = fanaticism

Z + M - A = "rotten intelligentsia"

You can educate a person only in activity, yes-vaya knowledge.

Theory McClelland - 3 types of needs:

1 type- the need for power and success (or influence) - the desire to influence other people; good speakers, organizers, frank, energetic, defending the original positions, there is no tendency to tyranny and adventurism, the main thing is to show your influence.

type 2- the need for success (or achievement) - the desire to do their job in the best way, these are "hard workers". Before such people it is necessary to set certain tasks, and upon achievement, be sure to encourage them.

3 type- the need for involvement - the most important thing is human relationships, it is important for them not to achieve, but to belong, get along well with others, avoid leadership positions.

To live in harmony with environment, a person needs to constantly satisfy his needs:

Follow a healthy lifestyle;

To live in harmony with the social and cultural environment, with oneself;

Raise material and spiritual values. The nurse should encourage the patient and his family members to meet the needs of self-care, help maintain independence and independence.

The basis of the theory of W. Henderson is the concept of human vital needs. Awareness of these needs and assistance in meeting them are prerequisites for the nurse to act in order to ensure the patient's health, recovery or a dignified death.

W. Henderson leads 14 fundamental needs:

1 - breathe normally;

2 - consume enough fluids and food;

3 - excrete waste products from the body;

4 - move and maintain the desired position;

5 - sleep and rest;

6 - independently dress and undress, choose clothes;

7 - maintain body temperature within normal limits;

8 - observe personal hygiene, take care of appearance;

9 - ensure their safety and not create dangers for other people;

10 - keep in touch with other people;

11 - perform religious rites in accordance with their faith;

12 - do what you love;

13 - relax, take part in entertainment, games;

14 - satisfy your curiosity, which helps to develop normally.

A healthy person, as a rule, does not experience difficulties in meeting his needs.

In his model of nursing, unlike Mas-low, V. Henderson rejects the hierarchy of needs and believes that the patient himself (or together with his sister) prioritizes violated needs, for example: adequate nutrition or good sleep, lack of general -niya or personal hygiene, study / work or rest.

Taking into account the peculiarities of Russian health care, domestic researchers S.A. Mukhina and I.I. Tarnovskaya offered nursing assistance for 10 fundamental human needs:

1) normal breathing;

3) physiological functions;

4) movement;

6) personal hygiene and change of clothes;

7) maintaining normal body temperature;

8) maintaining the safety of the environment;

9) communication;

10) work and rest.

According to the theory of D. Orem, “self-care” is a specific, purposeful activity of an individual either for himself or for his environment in the name of life, health and well-being. Each person has certain needs to maintain their livelihoods.

D. Orem identifies three groups of needs for self-care:

1) universal - inherent in all people throughout life:

Sufficient air intake;

Sufficient water intake;

Sufficient food intake;

Sufficient allocation capacity and needs associated with this process;

Maintaining a balance between activity and rest;

Prevention of danger to life, normal life, well-being;

Stimulation of the desire to correspond to a certain social group in accordance with individual abilities and limitations;

Time alone is balanced with time in the company of other people.

The level of satisfaction of each of the eight needs is individual for each person.

Factors affecting these needs: age, gender, stage of development, health status, level of culture, social environment, financial opportunities;

2) needs associated with the phase of development - satisfaction by people of their needs at different life stages;

3) needs associated with health disorders - types of disorders:

Anatomical changes (pressure sores, swelling, wounds);

Functional physiological changes (shortness of breath, contracture, paralysis);

Change in behavior or daily life habits (apathy, depression, fear, anxiety).

Each person has individual abilities and opportunities to meet their needs. Basic needs must be satisfied by the people themselves, and in this case the person feels self-sufficient.

If the patient, his relatives and friends cannot maintain a balance between his needs and opportunities for self-care, and the needs of self-care exceed the capabilities of the person himself, there is a need for nursing intervention.

At the age of 40–60, a person finds himself in conditions that are psychologically different from the previous ones: he acquires rich life and professional experience; children become adults and relationships with them change; parents are getting older and need help. Physiological changes begin to occur in the human body: general well-being, vision worsens, reactions slow down, sexual potency in men weakens, women experience a period of menopause. There is a decrease in the characteristics of psychophysical functions. Efficiency remains at the same level and allows you to maintain labor and creative activity, the development of abilities related to professional and daily activities is still ongoing. chief achievement This age is the acquisition of a state of wisdom: a person is able to evaluate events and information in a broader context than before, is able to cope with uncertainty, etc. emotional sphere at this time it develops unevenly. Labor occupies the main position and becomes the most important source of human feelings. The structure is changing motivation , since a person has a desire to act without delay and immediately get a result, that is, he seeks to immediately satisfy his needs. basic needs are the realization of one's creative potential, the need to pass on one's experience to another generation, adjustment of activities, concern for maintaining close relationships with family and friends, preparation for a calm and prosperous life in old age. The "I-concept" is enriched with new "I-images" taking into account constantly changing situational relations and variations in self-esteem. Leading activity work becomes successful professional activity which provides self-actualization of the personality. The problems of helping children come to the fore, relations in the family, with a spouse, are stabilizing. During this period, the so-called "mid-life crisis" (40–45 years). A person overestimates his achievements and critically evaluates himself. Many people have the feeling that "life has passed meaninglessly, and time has already been lost."

Psychology of the elderly.

Many scientists call the period older than 60 years gerontogenesis, or the period of aging. Old age is the final stage of human life. People who have reached this age divided into three groups : 1) elderly people; 2) people of senile age; 3) centenarians. Old age is considered a transitional state from maturity to old age. Its main feature is the aging process, which is genetically programmed. Intellectual functions suffer the most. Memory is based on logical connections, which is closely related to thinking, so the thinking of an elderly person is very developed. AT emotional sphere there is an uncontrolled increase in affective reactions (strong nervous excitement) with a tendency to causeless sadness and tearfulness. A person becomes self-centered, less sensitive, immersed in himself; reduced ability to cope with difficult situations. It is noted that men become more passive, and women - aggressive, practical, domineering.

Retirement changes the position and role of a person in society, which affects his motivational sphere . The motivation of a 60-year-old person is the need for self-realization, creation and transmission of spiritual heritage. After 70 years, another problem becomes relevant: maintaining health at the proper level. The main thing for an elderly person is family relationships, which give him a sense of security, stability and strength, defining his joys and sorrows. The factors that determine behavior of an elderly person are: a decrease in psychophysical capabilities, gender, personality type, gradual withdrawal from an active social life, material well-being, loss of loved ones and loneliness, consciousness of the approaching end of life. Leading development factors in old age, self-actualization of the “I” and an orientation towards creative activity become.

Human needs.

Lack of motivation is the greatest spiritual tragedy that destroys all life foundations. G. Selye.

Need It is a need, a need for something for human life.

The manifestation of needs in animals is associated with a complex of corresponding unconditioned reflexes called instincts (food, sexual, indicative, protective).

by the most a prime example human needs are cognitive. A person seeks to know the world not only in his immediate environment, but also in remote areas of time and space, to understand the causal relationships of phenomena. He seeks to explore phenomena and facts, to penetrate into the micro- and macrocosm. AT age development human cognitive needs go through the following stages:

Orientation,

Curiosity

directed interest,

tendencies,

Conscious self-education,

Creative search.

Need - the state of a living being, expressing its dependence on what constitutes the conditions of its existence.

The state of need for something causes discomfort, a psychological feeling of dissatisfaction. This stress forces a person to be active, to do something to relieve stress.

Only unsatisfied needs have motivating power.

Needs Satisfaction- the process of returning the body to a state of equilibrium.

Can be distinguished three types of needs:

Natural, or physiological, or organic needs, which reflect the needs of our body.

Material, or subject-material,

Spiritual - generated by life in society, associated with the development of the individual, with the desire to express through creative activity everything that a person is capable of.

The first who developed and understood the structure of needs, identified their role and significance, was the American psychologist Abraham Maslow. His teaching is called the "hierarchical theory of needs" A. Maslow arranged the needs in ascending order, from the lowest - biological, to the highest - spiritual.

This scheme is called "Pyramid of Needs" or "Maslow's Pyramid"

Physiological needs - food, breath, sleep, etc.
The need for security is the desire to protect one's life.
Social needs - friendship, love, communication.
prestige needs - respect, recognition by members of society.
Spiritual needs - self-expression, self-realization, self-actualization, self-realization.

There are various classifications of human needs. One of them was developed by the American social psychologist A. Maslow. It is a hierarchy and includes two groups of needs:

primal needs (innate) - in particular, physiological needs, the need for security, dependent needs (purchased) social, prestigious, spiritual. According to Maslow, the need for more high level can only appear if the needs at the lower levels of the hierarchy are satisfied. Only after satisfying his needs of the first level (the most voluminous in terms of content and significance), a person has needs of the second level.

Needs are only one motive for activity. Allocate more:

social settings.
Beliefs.
Interests.

Under interests It is customary to understand such an attitude towards an object that creates a tendency to pay attention to it.
When we say that a person has an interest in cinema, this means that he tries to watch films as often as possible, read special books and magazines, discuss the films he has watched, etc. It should be distinguished from interests inclinations. Interest expresses a focus on a certain subject, and propensity to a certain activity. Interest is not always combined with inclination (much depends on the degree of accessibility of a particular activity). For example, an interest in cinema does not necessarily entail the opportunity to work as a film director, actor, or cameraman.
The interests and inclinations of a person express orientation his personality, which largely determines his life path, nature of activity, etc.

Beliefs- stable views on the world, ideals and principles, as well as the desire to bring them to life through their actions and deeds

German scientist Max Weber notes that differences in actions depend on wealth or poverty. personal experience, education and upbringing, the originality of the spiritual make-up of the individual.