Stress and depression in the modern world. Stress is a reality of modern life. Causes and effects of stress
Depression and stress are a real scourge of modern society. The nervous system of people living in a constant physical and emotional stress, does not always successfully cope with loads, often the body simply cannot stand it, and against this background, any of the listed diseases occurs.
Depression is not just a depressed sad condition, it is a disease that requires active treatment. It arises, as a rule, under the influence of strong negative experiences, often as a result of affect. The nervous system after the strongest tension is sharply depleted, the body's reserves are devastated, disturbances occur in the hormonal sphere, which entails severe mental and even physical consequences. In some cases, the cause of depression can be a physical illness (or injury) that affects the production of the hormone of joy - serotonin.
Depression is characterized by a loss of interest in life, unwillingness to communicate with others, a decrease in the level of emotional perception, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. This can also include problems with appetite (usually a decrease in it, but sometimes a tendency to overeat), increased fatigue, constipation, decreased work efficiency, and even suicidal thoughts.
A person himself cannot diagnose depression, for this it is necessary to visit an appropriate specialist (psychologist or psychotherapist), who, based on the totality of symptoms, will determine the condition and prescribe a competent treatment for depression.
A psychologist by the nature of his activity can give general recommendations concerning the psychological aspect. Prescribe medications, in particular antidepressants and drugs that stabilize sleep, can be a specialist with an appropriate medical education - a psychotherapist or psychiatrist. Despite the seriousness of the disease, getting rid of depression is quite easy, the main thing is to take responsibility for your own health and follow all the recommendations.
Negative stress, which occurs as a response of the body to any strong external influence, has a similar nature of occurrence. As a rule, we are talking about emotional upheavals or permanent psychological stress in which a person is. Treatment of stress is possible without medication under the supervision of a qualified psychologist, because the main thing is to give the exhausted nervous system the opportunity to renew itself, and the body to have a good rest and gain strength.
Complex techniques developed by specialists allow you to get rid of stress even during busy working days, minimizing the negative impact of external factors on the nervous system and human psyche.
Depression in the modern world
Depression is not a harmless weakness and a sign of laziness, but a serious illness that can overtake anyone. Every fifth person on our planet suffers or has experienced at least one depressive episode in the past.
A healthy person cannot imagine the suffering of people suffering from depression. President Abraham Lincoln wrote about this: “I am the meanest man alive today. If my feelings were evenly distributed throughout the human race, there would not be a single smile on earth. Whether I'll ever feel better, I don't know."
Hopelessness, a sense of impasse, and pessimism emanate from these words, all of which are characteristic companions of depression. Any of us had to be upset, to become discouraged, but there is a considerable difference between these feelings and the picture of clinical depression. A person experiencing depression loses the ability to social and professional behavior. The thought haunts that all the successes were accidental, and all that failed was due to mediocrity. Memory, as if on purpose, throws up more and more memories of all sorts of failures, a person falls into a vicious circle, the way out of which he sees only in suicide.
The term "depression" is often used not only in medical literature, but also in everyday speech. Indeed, these concepts are so diverse; that allow you to describe the feeling of internal discomfort. In some cases, depression takes the form of melancholia - a severe mental disorder that leads to complete disability as often as a stroke, in others, a short-term deterioration in mood may be the result of losing your favorite football team. Describing their condition, patients may complain of a feeling of anxiety (or restlessness, nervousness) and at the same time a depressed mood (or a feeling of melancholy and sadness). It is not easy to understand these conflicting complaints without knowing the circumstances of the patient's life, his social status, personality traits, family and personal analysis. In addition, depression and anxiety are difficult to separate.
In addition, it must be remembered that the symptoms of neurotic disorders (depression, anxiety - typical non-psychotic diseases) change over time. Thus, the symptoms of depression observed in a patient last year may be replaced by classic signs of an anxiety disorder this year, and after another 2 years - by symptoms of a panic disorder. Not surprisingly, expressions such as "depressed personality" or "permanently anxious person" are often found in the literature, apparently, some people are more prone to depression or anxiety disorders than others. It is believed that there is a family predisposition even to mild forms of neurosis.
Practitioners cannot and do not want to spend time formulating diagnoses, and if a patient complains of depressed mood or increased anxiety, the first question that an experienced clinician will ask him is: how does depression or anxiety affect your life?
Depression is a mental disorder that has a significant impact on social adaptation and quality of life and is characterized by a pathologically low mood with a pessimistic assessment of oneself and one's position in the surrounding reality, inhibition of intellectual and motor activity, decreased urges and somatovegetative disorders.
Depression is so common in modern world that some call it a disease of the 21st century, others call it a “mental runny nose”. This disease has gone beyond the boundaries of psychiatry, doctors of all specialties meet with it.
Depression is traditionally considered one of the most common forms of mental illness. Modern epidemiological studies support this view. It has been established that the frequency of depression in the population is steadily increasing. In every this moment Depression affects 110 million inhabitants of our planet.
By 2020, depression will be the second most disabling physical illness. In the coming millennia, this problem is put forward in the category of paramount importance. Depression affects millions of people around the world. The prevalence of this disease in the developed countries of Europe and in the USA was 5-10%.
Depression is now one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and the fourth of the nine leading causes of the global burden of disease (this indicator sums up the years deducted from a healthy life due to disability or premature death).
Although the “depressive illness” is not a pathology incompatible with life, and its course is more often relapsing in nature, i.e. there are “bright” intervals with the possibility of practical recovery, indicators of disability, mortality in this disease and a negative impact on the quality of life are not inferior to the corresponding data on severe, progressive somatic diseases.
Of the 10-20 million suicide attempts made every year (1 million ends fatally), a significant proportion (up to 50%) falls on patients suffering from depression, in which suicide is the most tragic outcome.
Due to the urgency of the problem, the main task is to provide psychopharmacological treatment of mental disorders and, first of all, depression. Public education plays an important role.
In 5-10% of cases, depression develops in the elderly and the elderly. However, even severe depression is the reason for seeking medical help no more than in 35-50% of cases. Only 40% of depressed patients seek medical help, and only half of them receive antidepressants. About 40% of all depressions proceed with erased manifestations, and 60-80% of patients are treated by general practitioners.
Spontaneously, depression will not go away on its own. If you have experienced symptoms of this disease in yourself or your loved ones, seek medical help. Don't wait for depression to become chronic. In its acute form, it responds much better to treatment.
The article was prepared by Professor Nikiforov Igor Anatolyevich. Clinic at the Department of Narcology and Psychotherapy carries out depression treatment, helps get out of depression and completely deal with depression.
Depression in modern society
In modern society, the concept of depression has become quite commonplace, akin to a runny nose and a cold. Often we hear about this disease from relatives, relatives and friends. Depression is usually understood as a bad mood, despondency and apathy. However, from a medical point of view, depression is a mental illness caused by constant mood swings and disorders. So what is depression in the full sense of the word? What causes it and how to deal with it? Let's try to figure it out.
Two kinds - two reasons
Even a healthy person is prone to bad mood and apathy. And this is a completely normal condition, not considered a deviation from the norm. After all, a bad mood disappears after a couple of days, but protracted apathetic states are a bad sign. If a person constantly experiences a feeling of anxiety, completely unfounded, is in a depressed mood, accompanied by mental retardation and even insomnia, then this is already a deviation from the norm, called depression. It can last for weeks and months.
A depressed state can often be caused by tragedy, the loss of a loved one, or other grief. IN this case a person can also be in a state of apathy for a long time. But everyday life with its worries and bustle gradually displaces sad thoughts and makes you live on. The state of depression passes. If this does not happen, then it is time to think about the treatment of major depression.
From a medical point of view, two states of depression should be distinguished: exogenous and endogenous type of origin. Exogenous depressions, as a rule, are caused by the influence of negative external factors: constant stress, nervousness, troubles, and even intoxication of the body. In some cases, depression can also be caused by diseases: atherosclerosis, hypertension, gangrene. All these external factors lead to a state of depression, apathy and depression.
Depression of the endogenous type is caused by disorders, deviations and diseases of the human psyche.
masked depression
Depression can masquerade as disorders and illnesses of our body. There is even the term "masked depression", by which doctors mean hidden depression, which masquerades as various somatic disorders. This type of depression is more difficult to diagnose and identify.
Many people suffering from a depressive disorder are worried about constant headaches, reaching dizziness and nausea, pain in the heart, abdomen, joints, violations of the female cycle, the disappearance of sexual desire and other deviations. All of these sores may indicate masked depression.
Depression is a disease that needs to be treated. Therefore, if you feel that you have depression, do not be too lazy to contact a specialist. Indeed, in a state of depression, the mechanism that is responsible in our body for regulating mood is disrupted. It is very important that this mechanism works as it should.
The doctor will conduct an examination, according to the results of which he will prescribe treatment. As a rule, specialists prescribe antidepressants that improve the patient's mood, or tranquilizers that neutralize the negative impact of external factors on the patient's psyche. Tranquilizers help reduce the patient's susceptibility to any external factors that can bring a person out of a calm state. They can be considered a kind of protective field, enveloping a stable mental state.
Let's turn to statistics
Today, a huge number of the world's population suffers from depression. It is prolonged depression, not detected and not promptly brought under control, that leads to suicide. If we turn to the numbers, then about 60% of suicides occur against the background of depression. Terrible figures.
According to doctors, depression can lead to serious diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
If a few decades ago, people in their 30s and 40s suffered from depression, today younger segments of the population are also affected by this condition. Teenage depression is one of the most terrible deviations of modern society.
Even children preschool age may be susceptible to depression. The elderly, single and divorced men and women are all at risk.
Causes of depression
The main causes of depression include social factors: troubles at work, family problems and troubles. All this can lead to a depressed state and depression. It is very important in the current difficult situations not to lose heart, but to carefully analyze what happened, draw conclusions and simplify as much as possible. What happened, happened. Shouldn't be exacerbated.
Trouble at work? Focus on family and loved ones. If there is a family conflict, on the contrary, delve into work. If grief happened, you should not make yourself the most unfortunate and killed. Look around you and you will see people who need more sympathy than you.
How to deal with depression
Depression is a highly treatable disease. To deal with depression, you need to:
Remember that physical activity can improve your mood. The reason for this is an increase in muscle tone, as well as the production of endorphins by the brain, which have the same effect on the body as antidepressants and antipsychotics. Moreover, playing sports distracts you from sad thoughts and makes you feel better about yourself.
Experts also advise to delve into work, to occupy your thoughts with duties and tasks, to constantly be in a friendly team. Work will help to get all unnecessary thoughts out of your head and overcome depression. In no case should you succumb to apathy, take a vacation and completely go into the power of a depressive state. Thus, you will only aggravate your situation.
If depression is accompanied by insomnia, then you can resort to herbal infusions:
Calming infusions help to normalize the condition and improve sleep. But it helps only with shallow depression.
Train yourself to listen to good classical music. She is a powerful weapon against depression, able to heal a wounded soul.
Help from loved ones
To overcome depression, the support of loved ones is very important. Sometimes people who are prone to depression simply ignore all the attempts of loved ones to support them. However, their apparent opposition to the support of loved ones does not at all mean that they do not need it.
If your loved one has fallen into the web of depression, remember:
So what is depression? In conclusion of all of the above, I would like to conclude that depression is a mental illness caused by a number of factors. But this disease is treatable.
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Everything around is in depression: what is happening to modern society
Depression is not a person's attempt to attract attention to himself, but a serious mental disorder that needs to be worked on so that the person and his loved ones do not get worse. Despite the fact that today people talk about depression more and more often (take the #faceofdepression flash mob launched by Chester Bennington's wife), it still remains a reason, if not for ridicule, then for surprise in the spirit of: “Are you depressed? Are you serious?" And he is, believe me, quite seriously.
But if it seemed to you that there was too much depression around, then it didn’t seem to you. People talk about mental health issues all the time, admitting they have eating disorders, bipolar disorder, OCD. What happened to this world? And why did it suddenly turn out that every first person around us is depressed?
Jean Twenge, an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote the book Generation Me on the rise of depression and anxiety in the new millennium, notes that only 1-2% of people born before 1915 experienced depression, and now it is a stable 15 -20% of the population. Plus, it is impossible not to take into account that among us there are people who are immersed in a state of depression, but do not admit it.
Twenge ran a survey that compared teenagers in the 1980s and 2010s. Analysis of the data revealed that in 2010, adolescents were 38% more likely to have memory problems, 78% more likely to have sleep problems, and overall they were twice as likely to visit a psychologist. It would seem, well, they don’t remember well, well, they don’t sleep very well ... But everything changes when we understand that these are one of the main signs of a depressive state. Interestingly, when teenagers were asked if they thought they were depressed, the percentages in the 1980s and 2010s were almost the same.
Gadgets, isolation and money
There are several reasons why modern people may be more depressed. First, technology has corrupted us. A study published by PLOS One found that active Facebook users feel less satisfied with their daily lives. In another study conducted at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, it was found that big amount young people use social networks, the more depressed they end up being.
But, in fairness, not all scientists tend to blame social networks. A study conducted at the University of California at San Diego (UC San Diego) showed that the positive on the same Facebook is more important than the negative, and positive news gets more “likes” and “shares” in general.
The second reason for the depression of modern society, according to scientists, lies in the unconscious desire for loneliness and isolation. Living alone from 20 to 30 years old, practicing open relationships or guest marriage, deliberately not moving in with a partner for a long time and putting career above family is the new normal. Not that everything else suddenly became abnormal, but many people today want to live for themselves and successfully carry out their plans. And here, if you look, no global problem. Except for the fact that sometimes we just don't have anyone to talk to.
Psychotherapist Alison Crosthwait has a different hypothesis. In a comment to Greatist, she notes that a major part of the problem is our obsession with material things. "Materialism is a direct path to the void," says Crostwight, referring to modern society's unhealthy obsession with buying a conventional iPhone.
So, all experts agree that the very structure of modern society contributes to the growth of depression. But is it really that bad?
Not what it seems
In their book The Loss of Sadness, Allan Horwitz and Jerome Wakefield refute claims of growing depression. They believe that the increase in mental illness diagnosis is not due to an increase in the number of depressed people, but because the definition of depression has changed over time. In the 1980s, researchers wanted to look deeper into depression, and rather than relying solely on acute cases, they expanded the criteria to include people with less severe symptoms. Since then, write Horwitz and Wakefield, the criteria have not changed in the opposite direction.
Problems of depression in the modern world
What reasons for despondency can a modern person have? Wear and tear, huge responsibility, constant stress, increased anxiety, chronic fatigue. And then - acute mental pain, oppressive hopelessness, anxiety, apathy.
Life events often serve as triggers for depression. The likelihood of experiencing depression in a stable situation is much less than in an unstable one. According to the study, stressful life events are responsible for triggering the initial depression. They are often associated with a loss - a loved one, a role, an idea about oneself - and are accompanied by humiliation or a sense of hopelessness. Positive changes such as having a child, being promoted, and getting married are almost as likely to cause depression as death or loss.
Traditionally, a distinction is made between endogenous (internal) and reactive (as a reaction to a stimulus) models of depression: the endogenous one starts from within by itself, while the reactive one is a reaction to an external situation - a breakdown.
What is the cause and what is the effect remains completely incomprehensible: does depression give rise to failure at work, or does failure at work give rise to depression? Cause and effect blur the lines between themselves and become a mutual cause.
“I didn’t experience depression until I had resolved, for the most part, all my problems. My mother had died three years earlier, and I had already grown accustomed to this event; I got along well with my family; I emerged unscathed from a powerful two-year romance; I bought a beautiful new house; I was typing. And so, when life got better and there were no reasons for despair, depression crept up on its cat's paws and ruined everything. "(E. Solomon" Noon Demon ")
It is not easy with outwardly successful people - they have learned to skillfully pose and play the role of successful people. You have to work hard to discover hidden fears, old resentments and unsatisfied desires. You can ignore yourself and your own emotions for a long time, but this does not go unpunished. Driven signals of a dysfunctional attitude towards oneself, remind one of oneself with a disease. The symptoms do not fit into any known diagnosis. Doctors call this condition masked depression.
The disease of the soul is a real disease and can have severe consequences for the body. People who come to the doctor complaining of stomach cramps are often told, "Well, you don't have anything special, you're just depressed." Depression, if it is so severe that it can cause stomach cramps, is in fact a real and very serious disorder, and it must be treated. Psychosomatic ailments are as real to the people who experience them as stomach cramps are to the person with food poisoning. They exist in the unconscious area of the brain, which sends distorted signals to the stomach, so they also exist in the stomach. Diagnosis - determining what is wrong with you: in the stomach, or in the head.
Politicized conversations have blurred the distinction between depression and its effects—between how you feel and how you act when you're under the influence. This is partly a social phenomenon, but also a medical one. “It is better to define depression as mental suffering that takes us against our will and then ceases to depend on external circumstances. Depression is not just intense suffering, but too much suffering can turn into depression. Sadness is depression proportionate to circumstances, depression is sadness incommensurable with them. This is suffering, similar to tumbleweed grass, which feeds, as it were, on the same air and grows, although it is torn off from the soil. ”(E. Solomon“ Noon Demon ”)
Many depressed people reduce their sleep time significantly, and insomnia during depression is a first friend. But even for those who can sleep during depression, the quality of sleep changes significantly: they rarely enter the phase of deep sleep, which makes a person feel that he had a good rest and regained strength.
depression and abuse various substances form a vicious circle. Depressed people abuse alcohol or drugs in an attempt to free themselves from depression. Those who do this disrupt the course of their lives to the point that they become depressed from the harm they have done to themselves.
The medical literature states that addiction comes from problems with "(1) emotions, (2) self-esteem, (3) relationships, and (4) self-care."
Depression is a signal that something is wrong and that change is needed. But few dare to look into the depths of their own souls and change their life strategy. In Ukraine, they prefer to remove psychological problems with the help of alcohol, fun, sex, drugs. In the West, people know perfectly well how a psychologist can help, they often come to us when it’s already completely bad, hopeless - “do at least something!”
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Stress and depression. |
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The history of the word "stress" has developed in such a way that today it has two different meanings. In Russian, the word "stress" came from English, in English - from Latin. In the 18th and 19th centuries in English language this word was used mainly in physics and meant: the force of pressure, tension, pushing, compression or torsion arising from the impact of one object on another; deformation that occurs in an object under the influence of such a force. In the 30s of the XX century, the world famous physician and biologist Hans Selye transferred the word "stress" to medicine. Today this term is widely used in medicine, biology and psychology and, just like in physics, it has 2 meanings: a physical, chemical or emotional factor that causes physiological or psychological stress and may be the cause of illness; physiological or psychological stress resulting from the impact of physical, chemical or emotional factors that violated the existing balance. These definitions show that in the first case, stress is a factor that affects the body; in the second - the result of the influence of such a factor. To avoid terminological confusion, we will use the word "stress" only in the second sense, and for the first we will take the word "stressor". As a result, we get the following definitions: stressor- a physical-chemical or emotional-psychological factor that causes physiological or psychological stress and may be the cause of the disease. Stress- physiological and / or psychological stress resulting from the impact of stressors that violated the existing balance. Or briefly: stress is tension, and a stressor is a factor that causes it. |
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It is customary to talk about stress as something unambiguously negative, harmful, undesirable. But this attitude is not always fair. In certain situations, stress in the literal sense of the word can save a person's life. When in August 1967, cosmonaut Alexei Leonov made a training parachute jump, an unforeseen incident happened to him. The parachute opened, but the strap wrapped around the cosmonaut's leg and caught on the metal back. As a result, he flew upside down. Sometimes skydivers break their legs. It's easy to imagine what would happen if you landed on your head. Of course, when you get into such a situation, a person develops a very strong stress reaction. It was thanks to stress that Alexei Leonov was able to bend the metal structure and release the strap. The landing went well. A little later, four (!) cosmonauts could not straighten the metal back to give it its original shape. Four strong, healthy men on the ground couldn't do what one in the air could do. Not only men are capable of super efforts in such situations. A young guy is repairing a car. The jack does not stand up, and the car presses it down. His parents see it. The young man's father, knowing the weight of the car and soberly assessing the situation, runs for help. His mother at this time runs up to the car and with her hands (!) raises the car. Stress gave her access to an inviolable reserve of forces. Many more examples can be cited, showing that a person in a state of severe stress is capable of gigantic muscular efforts that are inaccessible to him in a normal state. The stress response can save a person's life. But on the condition that a life-threatening problem can be solved through physical (muscular) efforts. Stress is a fight or flight response. And he is able to give a person super strength during a battle or super speed when fleeing from danger. If a fight or flight isn't needed to resolve the problem, the stress can be devastating. As a rule, life in conditions modern civilization replete with such problems. There is stress, but it is not needed. Stress builds up in the body and causes a number of adverse effects. That is why stress management skills are becoming increasingly important. |
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There are at least 4 groups of stress symptoms: physiological, intellectual, emotional and behavioral. PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS:
Persistent headaches, migraine Headaches Uncertain pains Digestive disorder Bloating of the abdomen with gases Constipation or diarrhea Spasmodic, sharp pains in the abdomen Palpitations (feeling that the heart is beating fast, irregularly, or frequently) Feeling short of breath INTELLIGENT SIGNS OF STRESS: indecisiveness Weakening of memory Impaired concentration Increased distractibility "Tunnel" vision Bad dreams, nightmares Mistakes Loss of initiative Persistent negative thoughts Impaired judgment, confused thinking Impulsive thinking, hasty decisions EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS: Irritability Anxiety Suspicion Gloomy mood, depression Fussiness Feeling tense exhaustion Exposure to fits of anger Cynical, inappropriate humor Feeling nervous, fearful, anxious Loss of confidence Decreased life satisfaction Feeling of alienation Lack of interest Reduced self-esteem Job dissatisfaction BEHAVIORAL SIGNS OF STRESS: Loss of appetite or overeating Bad car driving Increasing problems in the family Poor timing Avoidance of supportive, friendly relationships unkemptness Antisocial behavior, lying Failure to develop Low productivity prone to accidents Sleep disturbance or insomnia More intense smoking and drinking Finishing work at home Too busy to rest Each symptom is worth one point. A stress level of up to 10 points is considered acceptable, more than 10 - requiring action. At the same time, a score of 20 to 30 indicates a high level of stress, and more than 30 indicates a very high level. |
Common Symptoms of Exam Stress
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One of the most common types of stress is exam stress. As with “normal” stress, exam stress symptoms can be classified into one of four groups: PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS:
increased skin rash headaches EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS:
feeling of general malaise confusion COGNITIVE (INTELLECTUAL) SYMPTOMS: excessive self-criticism, comparing one's preparedness with others in a unfavorable light for oneself unpleasant memories of past exam failures (one's own or others') imagining the negative consequences of failing an exam (expulsion from a university, deprivation of a scholarship, etc.) nightmares memory impairment decreased ability to concentrate, distraction BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS: the desire to do any other thing, just not to prepare for the exam avoiding any exam reminders decrease in efficiency in studies during the examination period engaging other people in anxious conversations about upcoming exams increased consumption of caffeine and alcohol sleep deterioration loss of appetite |
Anxiety and aggression.
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The fight-or-flight response is often referred to as stress. According to this definition, two types of stress can be distinguished: attack stress and flight stress. As a rule, the first type of stress is accompanied by aggressive emotions, the second - by anxiety. Emotions of the aggressive series:
irritation Emotions of an alarming series: feeling of tension anxiety excitement concern agitation sense of danger, threat feeling of confusion sense of anxiety confusion confusion Any of these emotions indicates more or less severe stress. |
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When the disease has already developed, it can be difficult to cope with it. Any disease is easier to prevent than to cure. Effective prevention of psychosomatic diseases are modern methods stress management.
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Psychosomatic diseases
Stress and depression are two sides of the same process
Yu.V.Khmelevsky
Is depression a disease or condition? Let's try to figure this out together. Medicine characterizes depression with the following symptoms:
depressed, depressed mood, loss of interest in close, everyday affairs, work;
insomnia, early awakening in the morning or, on the contrary, excessively long sleep;
irritability and anxiety, fatigue and loss of strength;
lack of appetite and weight loss, or sometimes, conversely, overeating and weight gain;
inability to concentrate and make a decision;
decrease in sexual desire;
a feeling of worthlessness and guilt, a feeling of hopelessness and helplessness;
frequent bouts of sobbing;
thoughts of suicide.
On the other hand, depression can be seen as a response to stress. We are faced with stress almost constantly, solving certain problems. For example, a bad mark on an exam or not passing a test causes stress (strong negative emotions) to a greater or lesser extent. We can experience stress when standing in a long line, because of difficulties at work or problems in the family, in the absence of mutual love, when we want to do a lot and there is no time for this, when there are unrealized opportunities, when there are daily crime stories on TV and many other reasons, the list of which can be continued almost indefinitely. And after stress, a response (defensive) reaction of the body necessarily occurs - a state of depression. In response to every even the smallest (insignificant) stress, the body responds with adequate depression. But small stresses are even good for the body. They constantly train him, introducing him into a state of activation or training (in the terminology of the Canadian scientist Hans Selye). The more stress, the stronger (deeper) and longer the state of depression. In time, depression of moderate severity lasts up to two weeks. In severe cases (with severe stress, such as the death of loved ones), depression can last for several months or even several years. That is why the obligatory commemoration of the deceased after 3, 9 and especially 40 days (“farewell to the soul”) helps to first reduce stress, and then get out of the depressive state of family members, relatives and friends. During stress, the body mobilizes and maximizes its energy and directs it to protect the body. After stress, the body is in a state of “discharged battery”, exhaustion, i.e. depression, after which a gradual accumulation of energy (“recharging” of the body) begins until the moment of complete restoration of strength and energy. The process (duration) of depression or inhibition of the body in time (duration) is approximately three times longer than the time of exposure to a stressful situation (the process of excitation of the body) and this must be taken into account when eliminating the consequences of any stress, large or very small.
The graph shows the processes (two curves) of excitation and inhibition of the body in different stressful situations. The 1st graph reflects the body's response to a small (small amplitude and duration) stress that we encounter every day. Curve 2 reflects the body's response to severe stress. In the negative phase, the body is most energetically weakened, and against this background, various diseases can develop, especially during periods of prolonged depression. According to statistics, up to 70% of those who go to the clinic for somatic diseases have some form of depression.
And so, “bombardment” of the body with small stresses and protection with small and short-term depressions is the usual state of the body, accustomed to constant protection from environment. Severe stress takes a lot of energy from the body and causes deep (on the graph, the depth of depression is marked by the segment BC) and prolonged depression (severe inhibition of the body with a significant decrease in activity). The body gradually accumulates energy, trying to return to the state of dynamic balance that it had before the stress, i.e. self-healing. I would like to draw attention to the fact that the most difficult and dangerous time for the body to develop other diseases during depression does not occur immediately after the end of the stress (point A, for curve 2), but after some time, from the end of the stress (point B ). During this period of time, you need to take special care of your health. We can make an unambiguous conclusion that the cause of any depression (depressive state) is stress. Depression is a nonspecific response of the body to stress. Slight depressions, with mild stresses, are a normal state of the body, with which the body, as a rule, copes on its own. Strong, deep depressions are already a disease and one cannot do without the help of a doctor.
As a rule, in melancholic stress reactions are most often associated with excitation of the constitution, such as anxiety or fright, phobia or neurotic anxiety. Choleric people have a typical stress reaction - anger. That is why they are more likely to suffer from hypertension, stomach ulcers, ulcerative colitis. In phlegmatic people, under the influence of stress, the activity of the thyroid gland decreases, the metabolism slows down and the blood sugar level can rise, which leads to a pre-diabetic state. In stressful situations, they “click” on food, as a result of which they can become obese. Sanguine people with their strong nervous system are the easiest to endure stress.
Ideally, the body should not react to any stress at all or with a minimal reaction, but in practice this does not happen in life, and in order to achieve this, persistent and long-term training of the body is necessary. People who do not have a culture of health, especially young people, try to solve problems associated with stress and depression with the help of drugs (the fastest, easiest and most affordable way to overcome stress or get out of depression, but also the most harmful to health). Subsequently, they develop an addiction (constant craving) to such drugs as tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and so on, from which it is already impossible to get rid of without outside help. And these problems are gradually moving from personal to state ones (the state's struggle against the drug mafia, the treatment of drug addicts, etc.). Traditional medicine solves these problems with its no less effective, but absolutely safe for health methods. And in order to minimize the effects of stress on the body, she developed certain recommendations and advice.
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Stress can cause depression. This is due to the fact that during stress the body spends its reserves, and in the post-stress period it needs to be restored. Therefore, some depression, depression and unwillingness to do anything are quite natural results of stress. Such emotions impede further activity, which gives the body the opportunity to quickly restore its strength. Normally, this condition is not very pronounced, does not last long and disappears after rest. However, stress that is too long or too severe can lead to clinically significant depression, which requires the qualified help of a psychotherapist or psychiatrist. How to distinguish normal post-stress depression, which resolves on its own, from pathological depression, which requires medical or psychotherapeutic professional intervention? This can be done with the following 10 questions: Do you feel oppression, depression, melancholy? Have you lost the ability to enjoy the activities that you used to enjoy (work, hobbies, reading, etc.)? Do you constantly feel tired and lack of energy? Do you notice a decrease in confidence and self-esteem? Do you feel guilty towards others? Do you ever think that life no longer has value for you? Do you have difficulty concentrating and making decisions? Do you complain of anxiety or, on the contrary, a feeling of general lethargy? Do you suffer from insomnia or do you sleep more than usual? Do you notice a decrease or increase in appetite or weight? If you answered positively to any two of the first three questions, the total number of positive answers is four or more, these symptoms are not associated with somatic diseases, and you have been experiencing them for two or more weeks, the probability of a diagnosis of "Depression" is quite high . In this case, it would be right to consult a psychotherapist, psychoneurologist or psychiatrist to clarify the diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment. Abstract >> Psychology The exhaustion stage is characterized by restlessness, irritability, depression. experienced stress negatively affects the performance of ... its employees. If they are subject stress, hypersensitivity, depression and hostile moods, then this ... |
Depression and stress are a real scourge of modern society. The nervous system of people living in constant physical and emotional stress does not always successfully cope with stress, often the body simply cannot stand it, and against this background, any of the listed diseases occurs.
Depression is not just a depressed sad condition, it is a disease that requires active treatment. It arises, as a rule, under the influence of strong negative experiences, often as a result of affect. The nervous system after the strongest tension is sharply depleted, the body's reserves are devastated, disturbances occur in the hormonal sphere, which entails severe mental and even physical consequences. In some cases, the cause of depression can be a physical illness (or injury) that affects the production of the hormone of joy - serotonin.
Depression is characterized by a loss of interest in life, unwillingness to communicate with others, a decrease in the level of emotional perception, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. This can also include problems with appetite (usually a decrease in it, but sometimes a tendency to overeat), increased fatigue, constipation, decreased work efficiency, and even suicidal thoughts.
A person cannot diagnose depression on his own; for this, a visit to the appropriate specialist is necessary ( psychologist or a psychotherapist), who, by the combination of symptoms, will determine the condition and prescribe a competent treatment for depression.
A psychologist, by the nature of his activity, can give general recommendations regarding precisely the psychological aspect. Prescribe medications, in particular antidepressants and drugs that stabilize sleep, can be a specialist with an appropriate medical education - a psychotherapist or psychiatrist. Despite the seriousness of the disease, getting rid of depression is quite easy, the main thing is to take responsibility for your own health and follow all the recommendations.
Negative stress, which occurs as a response of the body to any strong external influence, has a similar nature of occurrence. As a rule, we are talking about emotional upheavals or permanent psychological stress in which a person is. Treatment of stress is possible without medication under the supervision of a qualified psychologist, because the main thing is to give the exhausted nervous system the opportunity to renew itself, and the body to have a good rest and gain strength.
Complex techniques developed by specialists allow you to get rid of stress even during busy working days, minimizing the negative impact of external factors on the nervous system and human psyche.
The article is devoted to the problem of stress. Stress is an integral part of everyone's life, it cannot be avoided. But stressful influences should not exceed the adaptive capabilities of a person.
- Stress and its features. Ways of mental self-regulation
- Stress and its features. Methods and techniques of mental self-regulation
Stress, as you know, in the modern world affects each of us without exception. Since a person in worldly turmoil is not able to withstand the tension, which is expressed in special situations of life, caused by a variety of reasons in nature. What exactly is stress in scientific terms?
Stress is a common and common occurrence. We all experience it at times—perhaps as an empty feeling in the back of our stomach when we stand up to introduce ourselves in class, or as increased irritability or insomnia during an exam session. Minor stresses are inevitable and harmless. Excessive stress is what creates problems for individuals and organizations.
Any event, fact or message can cause stress, i.e. become a stressor. Stressors can be a variety of factors: microbes and viruses, various poisons, high or low ambient temperatures, trauma, etc. But it turns out that any emotiogenic factors can be the same stressors, i.e. factors affecting the emotional sphere of a person. This is all that can excite us, misfortune, a rude word, an undeserved insult, a sudden obstacle to our actions or aspirations.
Stressful situations arise both at home and at work. From a management perspective, the most interesting are the organizational factors that cause stress in the workplace. Knowing these factors and paying special attention to them will help prevent many stressful situations and increase the efficiency of managerial work, as well as achieve the goals of the organization with minimal psychological and physiological losses of personnel. After all, stress is the cause of many diseases, which means it causes significant harm to human health, while health is one of the conditions for success in any activity.
How to identify stress?
Signs of stress
- Inability to focus on something.
- Too frequent mistakes at work.
- Memory worsens.
- Too often there is a feeling of fatigue.
- Very fast speech.
- Thoughts often fly away.
- Quite often there are pains (head, back, stomach area).
- Increased excitability.
- Work does not bring the former joy.
- Loss of sense of humor.
- The number of cigarettes smoked is rising sharply.
- Addiction to alcoholic beverages.
- Appetite is lost, the taste for food is generally lost.
- Inability to finish work on time.
Causes of stress
- Much more often you have to do not what you would like, but what you need, what is your responsibility.
- You constantly do not have enough time - you do not have time to do anything.
- Something or someone pushes you, you are constantly in a hurry somewhere.
- It begins to seem to you that everyone around you is squeezed in the grip of some kind of internal tension.
- You constantly want to sleep - you can not get enough sleep.
- You see too many dreams, especially when you are very tired during the day.
- You smoke a lot.
- Drinking more alcohol than usual.
- At home, in the family, at work, you have constant conflicts.
- You constantly feel dissatisfied with life.
- You get into debt without even knowing how to pay it off.
- You have an inferiority complex.
- You have no one to talk to about your problems, and there is no particular desire.
- You do not feel respect for yourself - either at home or at work.
Stress is an integral part of human existence, you just need to learn to distinguish between an acceptable degree of stress and too much stress. Research shows that physiological signs of stress include ulcers, migraines, hypertension, back pain, arthritis, asthma, and heart pain. Psychological manifestations include irritability, loss of appetite, depression and decreased interest in interpersonal and sexual relationships, among others.
So, there are countless causes of stress, and there is only one way to get out of stress: not to think and worry about what happened, but to think about what needs to be done in order to resolve the situation, about what to do next. This is a very correct position, here you do not lose your vitality, endlessly “chewing” an unpleasant event. What happened has already happened, and we cannot change it, we can only look ahead, get a new outlook on life and always learn how to get out of difficult situations as a winner.
10 secrets to dealing with stress
Secret 1. The belief that the situation is under control
No one is immune from sudden (pleasant or not) events that entail changes in the usual way of life. But, by and large, only we are responsible for our own schedule. Other people and external circumstances in most cases do not decide anything. A sense of control over what is happening is what is needed for peace of mind.
Do you feel like someone else is in control of your life? Then you are guaranteed stress. Of course, if you have authoritarian parents, a stubborn friend of the heart, or an unbalanced boss, it is difficult to consider yourself the blacksmith of your own happiness. Try to avoid being the victim. Learn to find time for yourself every day. You can't change other people, but planning your own day is real.
Secret 2. Optimism...
Everyone knows the joke that the same glass of water can be half empty for a pessimist and half full for an optimist. The choice of a calm and happy woman is obvious: a positive outlook on things. It is given to someone by nature, and someone has to form it. The situation develops in our favor if we do everything that we consider necessary. So why do we let fear of potential failure take precedence over hope for the best? And the fear of failure breeds stress.
Secret 3 .... and at the same time realism
It is very useful to repeat to yourself that everything will be fine. But muttering this while closing your eyes and heading straight for the sewer is unwise. Alas, blind optimism is not a panacea. Sometimes it is better to accept the circumstances and patiently wait out an unfavorable situation.
This does not mean at all that those who are avoided by stress do not want and do not know how to dream. Nothing like this! They do it "professionally": they develop plans of action and can laugh at the naivety of their own delusions. It is also true that these people, having taken up the implementation of plan A, always keep in mind a backup plan B.
Secret 4. The ability to see the whole picture
If you want to get rid of stress - do not worry about the little things. The problem, from which there will be no trace in a couple of months, is simply not worth your nerves. We must learn to prioritize, including emotional ones. Always try to evaluate the upcoming day in the morning and choose the most important things to do. Whenever something gets in your way, ask yourself, “Am I making good use of my time?”
They answered “No” - postpone the solution of the problem until better times, having previously assessed its scale. For example, if a friend calls you in the middle of work, politely tell her that it's better to talk at a more convenient time. But if something very important happened to a friend - a real misfortune or, conversely, a joyful event - then the conversation can turn out to be really very significant.
Secret 5. Do not promise anything extra
We often create our own stress. One common mistake is telling people what they want to hear, not what is within your capacity. So much can be promised that it is simply impossible to fulfill all this.
You can't keep up with your volume and the stress doubles because you're letting people down. The solution is simple: learn to promise less than you can deliver. You will see, your friends will be delighted if you, albeit late, arrive at the party - after all, you said that you would not have time at all. Your boss will be pleased if you finish the report a day earlier instead of a week later.
Secret 6. Contacts with people
hundreds psychological research they say that as a result of communication, subject to the benevolent mood of the parties, the heart rate stabilizes and blood pressure decreases, which means that people become calmer. Therefore, maintain good relations with others. And at the same time, do not always be just a vest in which everyone is crying - look for support yourself when you feel bad.
Secret 7. Health promotion
Stress caused by any diseases can be quite strong and at the same time acts on the sly. Do not underestimate the small malfunctions in the functioning of your body, promising yourself to take care of them as soon as the "hard times" are over.
The rules for dealing with depression include support and nourishment of the nervous system. Selenium, as well as antioxidants and B vitamins, make a good addition to any vitamin complex, especially if you are having a stressful period. But they certainly won't replace the two main components of a healthy, stress-free life - sleep and proper nutrition.
Secret 8. Save your energy
Protect your energy from external intrusions. We are surrounded by energy "black holes": those who are always irritated and dissatisfied with life do not find the best occupation other than trying to drag you into their mournful world. You know these people well. Stay away from energy vampires, but if collisions cannot be avoided, then try to isolate yourself from their negative influence. If you even mentally erect a protection of white radiance around you, you will lose less strength. And maybe even charge the unfortunate "vampire" with your positive energy.
Secret 9. Flexibility
If you want to achieve certain results, change everything - and even your own behavior. Flexibility is a very important trait for dealing with stress. For example, if you can't argue with your colleague, although you are sure that you are right, try listening to his arguments for a change. Firstly, they probably have common sense, and secondly, by following the course of your opponent’s thoughts, you will understand where he made a mistake, and it will be easier for you to direct his reasoning in the right direction. And thirdly, when you listen, they try to listen to you.
Secret 10. "Look far ahead!"
Whatever happens, don't take anything personally and don't look for your own fault. Instead of self-flagellation, try to learn from difficult situation in which you have entered. Do not give up and ask yourself: “Why did this happen right now? What can I do to turn everything in my favor? You may not find answers to these questions in the near future. But the fact that your thoughts are positive provides you with a stress-free future.
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Russian State Social University
Chair….
ESSAY
On the topic: "Stress and modern man"
Teacher:
Moscow 2010
As the doctor writes medical sciences V.A. Bodrov, the most characteristic mental state that develops under the influence of extreme conditions of life is stress. Term "stress", according to the author, it combines a wide range of issues related to the origin, manifestations and consequences of extreme environmental influences, conflicts, etc.
Stress - it is the body's response to adaptation to crisis situations. This reaction is primarily reflected in the psychosomatics of a person. How stronger stress, the more pronounced psychosomatics.
In the modern world, there is a wide variety of stresses that affect the psychological and physiological level of human life. Stress depends on objective and subjective factors.
Where does stress come from? So we are in a difficult situation. Our body mobilizes and puts all systems on alert. Such a situation arises, for example, when there is a real threat to life. But in our life there are enough situations that do not carry a deliberately bad outcome, but bring difficulties. And in such situations, our body is also mobilized. As soon as the brain perceives a signal of danger, the production of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol begins. And our nervous system without the consent of our consciousness, sends a call through our body to prepare for action in an emergency. And as a result, we feel tension. So, the following changes occur in our body: sweating increases, blood clotting and blood pressure increase, breathing becomes faster and the airways expand, the liver increases the release of sugar into the blood, vigilance increases, the mouth dries up, the heart beats faster, sphincters contract Bladder and rectum, blood rushes to the muscles, the muscles tense up.
Human life is constant stress and every day is a continuous struggle for survival. It has been so since time immemorial. Millennia have passed, but nothing has changed. The fruits of scientific and technological progress, which, it seemed, were supposed to make life easier for a person, became the cause of a dysfunctional environmental situation, natural disasters, economic and military disasters.
People are forced to change their place of residence, abandoning their usual climatic conditions, a well-established life, cutting off expensive family ties and developing over many years. friendships. And the result, as a rule, is deplorable: constant physical and psycho-emotional overload.
Residents of megacities are most susceptible to such overvoltage. And indeed, working in such a mode, when there is absolutely no time to think over moves, losing precious time in traffic jams tasting the delights of public transport, solving everyday household problems, people eventually lose their taste for life. Every morning, a person makes a desperate attempt to simply get through the next day. In an effort to live better, to solve material problems, he works to the limit of his capabilities (overtime and on weekends), makes business trips (accompanied by a change in time zones), depriving himself of good rest. At the same time, people who have already achieved a certain material well-being also experience stress. After all, they still continue to work hard, but in order to preserve and increase the results achieved.
Eventually, irritation and fatigue accumulate. A person takes out his bad mood on others, and, unfortunately, the closest and dearest people suffer the most. In such a situation, family conflicts are inevitable. There is a "vicious" circle, which is becoming more and more difficult to break every day. Life is like an obstacle course, and there is almost no room for warm human relationships filled with joy, kindness and love.
People start to get tired so much that they don’t even have the strength to take a walk with their children on a day off, go in for sports. Disharmony of family and sexual relations, disgusting environmental conditions, stress lead to disruption of the flexible, but extremely fragile balance of the nervous and immune systems, and against the background of their depletion, various diseases and pathological syndromes easily arise.
Doctors and scientists have found that stress is main factor most major diseases in the world today, including the four leading causes of death:
· MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
· CANCER
· STROKE
· DIABETES
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, a heart attack has become a global problem. This problem is most noticeable in developed countries, the statistics of cardiovascular diseases is growing almost in direct proportion to the growth of the gross national product.
In perspective, it looks like this: half of every man and every third woman in Russia will suffer from heart disease, just as a third of the population will suffer from cancer.
Despite this, some people treat this topic as an abstraction, but there are those who really understand the importance and impact of this on our lives.
The fight against stress in the modern world is becoming one of the most important problems. If the animal consumes elevated level hormones in the blood "discharging" in the battle for prey or fleeing, then a person, due to his high organization, cannot afford to pounce on the boss with his fists. Hence the body's natural need to get rid of stress , relieve stress .
Many try to relieve tension and fatigue through smoking or alcohol, but from the very beginning, these attempts are doomed to failure. A sedentary lifestyle, irrational nutrition, depleted in vitamins, a bad habit of eating semi-finished products and fast foods, caused by lack of time, inevitably cause not only health problems, but also worsen appearance. And this is another additional stress factor, especially for women.
So just relax .
At first glance - what could be easier. But you are unlikely to be able to do this. To relax completely means to disconnect from the outside world (remove the usual sound of a TV or CD player), get away from your thoughts, and just be alone with the closest person - with yourself.
But, surprisingly - for many this rather simple experiment will end in a complete fiasco - after a few minutes the mind is taken for the usual mental chewing gum and begins to chew on the events of the past day (that which is no longer there) or make plans for tomorrow (that which is not there yet). What's next? Most likely, it will become boring, and the hand will habitually reach for the evening newspaper or the television remote control, and in the next second the person will be anywhere, but not "here and now." The eternal flight from oneself will continue. But where?
