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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"KHABAROVSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL

UNIVERSITY"

Faculty special psychology and pedagogy

Department of Special Psychology and Speech Therapy

TEST

in the Russian language and culture of speech

Checked:

Associate Professor Yu.A. Skorinova

Khabarovsk 2010

Practice #1

Topic: Norms of modern Russian literary language. Pronunciation and stress

1. Define the concept of "norm". Name the characteristic features. Comment on the following usage examples:

A norm is a uniform, generally accepted use of elements of a language, the rules for their use in a certain period. The norms are not invented by scientists, but reflect the natural processes and phenomena occurring in the language, supported by speech practice. The main sources of the norm include the works of writers, the language of the media, the generally accepted modern usage, Scientific research linguists.

The norm determines what is right and what is not, it recommends certain language means and modes of expression and prohibits others.

Examples: the word agreement (correct stress "agreement", incorrectly "agreement"); Calls (the correct stress is "ringing", the wrong one is "ringing").

Only the hops of the Lithuanian shores, captivated by the German poplar, crossed the river, among the reeds, boldly. (A.S. Pushkin)

Here he is already seeking prey. (I.A. Krylov)

2. What is accentology? Name the features of Russian stress. Determine the place of stress in the following words; indicate, if any, options:

Accentology (Latin accentus - stress, Greek logos - word, teaching) - a section of linguistics that studies the nature, features and functions of stress. Accentology is also called a system of language phenomena associated with stress, a section of linguistics that studies the features and functions of stress in various languages.

Features of Russian stress

1. Characterized as power or dynamic ( stressed syllable more powerful, intense and complex).

2. Mobility (it is possible to move from one syllable to another when a word changes), while words with a fixed stress predominate in the RL.

Some words in Russian may have not one, but 2 or 3 stresses - one main, others - secondary. Side ones are usually on the first syllable, and main ones on the others:

Compound words from two stems Old Russian

Many compound words building materials

Words with prefixes after outside, between, inside and foreign language elements archi, anti, super, near-literary, dust jacket

In complex and compound words consisting of 3 stems, 3 stresses are possible, aerial photography

Not every compound word has a secondary stress. Collateral stress occurs when both parts of the word are clearly distinguished in semantic terms. If the addition of the foundations is distinguished weakly or is not distinguished, then the collateral stress is not distinguished by the bakery, reliable.

Determine the place of stress in the following words; indicate, if any, options.

Alphabet, anatomist, aristocracy, indulge, barge, unrestrained, bureaucracy, religion, genesis, dialogue, dispensary, prey, utterly, drowsiness, enviably, contract, get through, conspiracy, frost, clog, rings, jagged, industry, spark, exhaust, catalog, quarter, cedar, chum, kilometer, boast, compass, more beautiful, flint, cooking, flap, masterfully, marketing, briefly, metallurgy, scanty, intention, newborn, provision, embittered, inform, wholesale, parterre, pepper, noose, mold, funeral (at a funeral), reward, sentence, dowry, force, pullover, rust, beets, symmetry, orphans, convocation, concentration, means, statue, carpenter, dancer, cottage cheese, aggravate, porcelain, phenomenon, intercede, hosts, scoop, driver, sorrel, expert, epilogue.

3. Explain the meaning of words with different stress, make phrases with them:

atlas (album), world armor (protective skin) of the tank vision (the ability to see) at a distance iris (plant) multi-colored puffs (flying mass) of smoke visual acuity (property) coal (from the word coal) pool characteristic (in the theater - about the role) character Laurel wreath suicidal to be afraid (to be afraid) before a visit to the doctor soar (from the word steam) legs damn (hateful) question glacier (cellar) deep	satin (fabric), smooth reservation (fixing) for tickets vision (ghost) haunts the patient toffee (candy) coffee sports clubs (structures) witticism (witty expression) said coal (from the word angle) pentagonal characteristic (to give properties) appearance Bay leaf prone to complicity shake (shake) the carpet soar (fly) high damned (as a sacrament) traitor by people glacier (accumulation of masses of ice) mountain

4. Pay attention to the place of stress in words that differ in meaning, but are similar in form. Explain their meaning using the example.

Sample: busy (person) - busy (house).

5. Form verbs from these adjectives, stress:

deep - deepen

light - lighten

cheerful - cheer up

durable - harden

6. Form various forms of the verb according to the model and stress them

Sample: take - took - took - took

7. Form short forms of adjectives and passive participles of the past tense according to the model. Put emphasis on them.

Sample: brisk - brisk - brisk

8. Write these nouns in the plural form, genitive. Put the accent

region - regions, statement - statements, board - boards, industry - industries, terrain - areas, power - capacities, profit - profits, bottom - bottoms, orphan - orphans, cake - cakes, bow - bows, scarf - scarves, coal - coal, poker - poker.

9. What sound [o] or [e], denoted by the letters ё or e, is pronounced under stress in the following words?

10. Divide words of foreign origin into two groups, paying attention to the reading of unstressed vowels: 1) o a, 2) o o.

11. Point out the discrepancy between the graphic appearance of the word and its pronunciation:

12. Which consonant (hard or soft) is pronounced in the following borrowed words before e:

13. How is it right?

Elbow or elbow? Bridge or bridge? Over the network or over the network? Wednesdays or Wednesdays? Coal or coal? Headquarters or headquarters? August or August? Right or right? Lived or lived?

14. Find and correct errors in the use of the following words

incident - incident, compromise - compromise, perspective - perspective, thirsty - thirsty, precedent - precedent, competitive - competitive, extraordinary - extraordinary, future - future.

15. Read the following microtexts, paying attention to the pronunciation of the highlighted words.

Good afternoon, Olga Ilyinichna, are you going to the library?

Yes, I want to work with the catalog. And you, Tamara Nikitichna?

I am also busy: I have a lot of things to do in the computer class. But maybe we can stop by for a moment in cooking? Today they sell chum salmon, tongue sausage, cottage cheese, sausages and grapefruits there.

Let's go in, though, I was at a pizzeria yesterday and bought pizza, but if there is minced meat, beets and eggs in cooking, I will cook meatballs and salad for dinner, and scrambled eggs for breakfast.

Look, the buffet is still open! We were lucky! Let's have coffee and sandwiches. And you can buy cakes. What a great selection of cakes!

Really! I'll buy this one, with cocoa and cream.

Take another, it is tastier and more beautiful.

Perhaps you are right.

News of economics and politics

Israel reaffirmed its intention to continue peace talks with a view to securing peace in the Middle East.

As a result of complex maneuvers, the mercenary aircraft were able to bombard the enemy's military facility. The governments of several countries condemned the incident and expressed their condolences to the families of the victims.

The next congress is expected. It is necessary to deepen and strengthen the beginning positive processes in the political life of the country.

FBI experts [ef-be-er] arrived in Moscow from the USA [es-sha].

It turned out that this scam was carried out by one insolvent firm. In doing so, she hopelessly compromised herself.

The elections were a test of political maturity.

After a comprehensive analysis of the expert commission and the development of a mutually acceptable position on the issues discussed, the signing of the contract took place.

The leaders of European countries who arrived at the summit discussed topical political problems.

culture News

At the festival you will see the masterpieces of world cinema, learn about the prospects for the exchange of film products between our countries. Extremely interesting films by Japanese directors will certainly attract the attention of viewers and jury members.

sports news

A session of a simultaneous chess game was held.

Unfortunately, we have to state that the athlete compromised himself by doping. One way or another, he is suspended from further participation in competitions.

Weather forecast

The weather in the states of Transcaucasia is influenced by areas of low pressure. There will be torrential rains.

In the business world

Do business with us. Our products are competitive! A variety of company services will pleasantly surprise busy people!

The size of our authorized capital is more than 100 billion rubles.

Dividends are paid quarterly.

Goods from the warehouse are sold at retail and wholesale. For wholesale buyers - essential discounts!

Shareholders' funds are already working in all key sectors of the economy.

The fund employs leading marketing specialists. Knowing the market situation, they buy stakes in large industrial enterprises, oil and gas pipelines.

Berlitz courses specialize in language training and translations into almost all languages ​​of the world.

The publishing house invites wholesale buyers to cooperate on the principles of mutually beneficial contractual relations.

Our company is the largest supplier of cosmetic products in the CIS countries [es-en-ge].

Practice No. 2

Topic: Cultural and speech problems in vocabulary and phraseology

I. The meaning of the word and lexical compatibility

1. Find and eliminate errors in the choice of words, as well as errors associated with violation of the norms of lexical compatibility.

One act of Chatsky led me into confusion.	One act of Chatsky remained unclear to me.
Now many writers are closely involved in politics.	Now many writers pay close attention to politics.
All this draws the idea of ​​"The Tale of Igor's Campaign".
The students themselves can put questions to the speaker.	The students themselves can ask questions to the speaker.
Bunin touches on the theme of being officials, teachers, impoverished nobles.
Speakers usually appear with such expressions as "takes place", "provides assistance", etc.	Speakers usually use expressions such as "takes place", "provides assistance", etc.
A den of drug addiction has been revealed in Riga.
I want to learn the language in such a way that I cannot be distinguished from the English-speaking population.	I want to learn the language so that my speech cannot be distinguished from the speech of the English-speaking population.
The students listened twice to the talk about the work of I. Bunin.
The story "Duel" by Kuprin was prepared by a whole galaxy of stories dedicated to the life of the army.	The story "Duel" was prepared in the work of Kuprin by a whole group of stories dedicated to the life of the army.
A peculiar cult of Pushkin came from Bunin's mother.	A peculiar reverence for Pushkin emanated from Bunin's mother.
Many were unable to solve problems and ended up on the edge of poverty.	Many were unable to solve problems and found themselves on the verge of poverty.
Each student expressed his credo.	Each student expressed their point of view.
AT last years a massive number of innovative forms were created.	In recent years, a large number of innovative forms have been created.
It has become economically disadvantageous for rural producers to sell livestock at prevailing prices.	It has become economically unprofitable for rural producers to sell livestock at fixed prices.
There is a process of formation of market structures.
The company offers a wide range of products and at the cheapest prices.	The company offers a wide range of goods and at the lowest prices.
This is an important step and must be taken.	This is an important step and must be taken.
At the reception, the head of state raised a toast to peace and prosperity.	At the reception, the head of state made a toast for peace and prosperity.
It's time to sum up the results of the meeting.	It's time to take stock of the meeting.

2. Determine in which cases the lexical compatibility is violated intentionally, in which - as a result of ignorance of the true meaning of the word:

II. Polysemy and homonymy

1. Make up phrases or sentences using all the following meanings of the ambiguous word "spirit"

- mental abilities, consciousness, thinking (Spirit is a philosophical concept meaning consciousness, mind, thinking, mental abilities);

- the internal state, moral strength of a person, a team (the moral and psychological climate in a team reflects the internal state and moral strength of a person);

- the main direction, characteristic properties, the essence of something;

- according to mythological and religious ideas: an incorporeal, supernatural being taking part in the life of nature and man (the Soul, according to mythological and religious ideas, is an incorporeal, supernatural being taking part in the life of nature and man);

- breathing (usually in stable combinations). In Slavic languages, the words "spirit" and "breath" have the same linguistic root. It has been known for centuries that consciousness can be influenced by methods involving breathing;

- air (In Russian, the word "spirit" also means air or smell, which may indicate that spirits have the properties of air);

- smell, aroma (The word "perfume" comes from the word "spirit" in the meaning of "smell." The very ambiguity of the word "spirit" is most likely connected with the beliefs of our ancestors in spirits, deities, that each plant had its own spirit. Invisible, mysterious spirits inhabited the world of our ancestors. They were worshiped, believed in their power. The spirit, the aroma that exuded plants, flowers, excited people, confirming their belief in the power of the plant world).

2. Determine the meaning of these words

A company is a society, several people spending time together.

Campaign - 1. A set of activities carried out in a certain period of time to carry out an important socio-political or economic task. 2. A set of military operations united by a common goal and carried out in a certain period of time in one or more strategic directions or in general in the theater of operations.

Spike - an inflorescence in which sessile flowers or spikelets containing several flowers are located on an elongated main axis.

Colossus - 1. Giant, huge statue, column. 2. Someone or something that differs in size or grandeur.

Give - 1. Strengthen, add. 2. Treat something in one way or another to comprehend. 3. Make it somehow, by appearance, character. 4. Give extra.

Betray - 1. Treasonably betray, treacherously give into power, the order of someone. P. enemies fortress. P. your party. P. your friend. 2. what. To expose to something. P. the city of fire and sword. P. execution. P. court. P. publicity P. curse. P. death. Nekrasov. All the past is forgotten. Chekhov. Bury (book rhetor.) - Bury, bury.

3. Make sentences in which homonym words would differ: tour, force, class, take, view, listen

Words that have the same spelling but different meanings are called homonyms.

4. Explain why the underlined words are used unsuccessfully. Correct the mistakes.

The prospective inevitability of the transition to new relations is obvious.	The existing inevitability of the transition to a new relationship is obvious.
The new redistribution of money is associated with the provision of branded services.	The new redistribution of money is associated with the provision of better services.
The lack of instruments calls into question the results of the experiments.	The imperfection of the instruments casts doubt on the results of the experiments.
As an editor, you can leave this term.	As an editor, you don't have to use this term.

III. Paronyms

1. Explain the differences between the given paronyms. Make up a phrase with each of them:

fact reliable factor psychological

problematic question most problematic

cellular subscriber subscription to the club

dress baby put on a dress

the addressee is specified exactly the addressee of the postal transfer

unsightly sight impenetrable darkness

static series static analysis

2. Choose the appropriate synonyms from brackets for these paronyms

Paronyms are similar-sounding single-root words with different lexical meanings.

long - long (lingering, long-term);

spare - thrifty (prudent, reserve, additional);

comic - comical (ridiculous, comedic);

explicit - clear (indisputable, undisguised, clear, distinct).

3. Insert into the sentences suitable words-paronyms to present - to provide

I was given an apartment (given, allocated). Leave it to you to decide such questions (I give you the opportunity to decide). It is urgent to provide a report on the work (give, hand). Introduce you to my friend (introducing). Father was presented to the order (awarded). Everyone represents me as an eccentric (consider, call me). The film was presented at the festival (shown). The actor was able to imagine the singing of the nightingale (copy). This house is a small castle (is).

4. Choose from the words given in brackets the appropriate paronym

He gave us such a (diplomatic, diplomatic) answer that we didn't even get mad at him. He gave me (friendly, friendly) advice. The (critical, critical) analysis of this study was not very (critical, critical). Think your plans can't be considered (realistic, realistic).

5. Correct mistakes made as a result of mixing paronyms

The teacher was forced (forced) to explain the new material again. I was attracted (carried away) by the early romantic works of A.S. Pushkin. The main thing for the writer is the spiritual (spiritual) world of a person. She came in a flowery (colorful) dress. The traveler (sentee) had to wait a long time for the paperwork to be completed. The artist won (deserved) the appreciation of the audience. His gaze is not imploring, not serious, not outrageous. (His gaze is now imploring, now serious, now outrageous).

IV. Tautology and pleonasm

1. Find cases of tautology and correct the sentences

Sweet, kind, sympathetic - everyone spoke (spoke) about her like that. This property is characteristic (intrinsic) of all writers. The activity of the company was placed above the interests of any interested party, even above the interests of the state (The activity of the company was placed above the interests of any interested party, even the state). Nourishing mask nourishes the skin. (Nourishing mask for the skin.) The center's budget has expanded, which allows more participants to participate in competitions. (The center's budget has expanded, which makes it possible to attract more people to participate in competitions). Expanding the proposed topic, we will try to reveal the concept of employment. (Opening the proposed topic, we will try to explain the concept of employment).

2. Find errors related to verbosity, pleonasm, and eliminate them

I already talked about my autobiography in the introductory article. (In the introductory article there is a story about my biography.) It is necessary to realistically and without illusions weigh our economic chances. (Economic chances must be assessed without illusions.) The patient was immediately admitted to the hospital. (The patient was immediately hospitalized.) The president of the firm called on everyone to work together. (The president of the firm called on everyone to cooperate.) The firm announced a vacancy for the position of chief accountant. (The firm announced a vacancy for the position of chief accountant.) She had very huge eyes. (She had big eyes.) After the first debut in one movie, the young actress became famous. (The young actress rose to prominence after her film debut.) Based on the findings she found, there is already strong evidence for this hypothesis. (Thanks to these findings, strong evidence was obtained in favor of this hypothesis.) After meeting, it is customary to give a memorable souvenir. (After meeting, it is customary to give a souvenir).

V. Synonyms

1. Make phrases with these synonyms. Determine their semantic and stylistic features.

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noble person

important person

actor

athletic figure

bird of paradise

very fast

very interesting

did a great job

hit hard

smells strongly

poor peasant

underclass

bankrupt debtor

beggar man

surprise people

amaze with deeds

dazzle the imagination

2. Make as many combinations as possible with these synonyms, pay attention to the difference in compatibility:

natural - natural	natural carpet natural blush
fake - artificial	false document artificial light
vacuum - emptiness	spiritual vacuum soul emptiness
debate - argue	debate passionately hot to argue
optimistic - cheerful	optimistic view cheerful character
indifferent - indifferent	indifferent tone indifferent look
monolithic - single	monolithic row single team

3. Make phrases with the words enclosed in brackets:

4. Find and correct errors associated with the choice of a word from a synonymous series

Experts assured that the final effect would be significant (large). The team consists of athletes who have achieved excellent (high) results in competitions. The former practice of organizing production forever (forever) is a thing of the past. The owner of the prize was a familiar (known) girl to us.

VI. Borrowed words

1. Check your knowledge of the meanings of borrowed words; select synonyms for them, where possible, orally make sentences with them.

	Meaning	Synonyms
alternative	the need to choose between mutually exclusive possibilities
	union, association	an association
annexation	forcible annexation, seizure of foreign territory
	preliminary announcement of concerts, performances, programs	ad
	an announcement announcing that tickets for a performance (concert) have been sold. Razg. great success accompanying the performance, concert.	ad
	the highest point of development of something; pinnacle, flourish
	area of ​​distribution of any phenomenon, species of animals, plants, etc.	area, space
	A performance, usually arranged in honor of one of its participants, as an expression of recognition of the skill of the artist
	reward, premium	remuneration
	brief meeting of officials with representatives of the media	press conference
bookmaker	gambler
vandalism	senseless destruction of valuables.	destruction
devaluation	depreciation	depreciation
	merchant, agent	dealer
dissident	A dissident person who does not agree with the dominant ideology.	dissident
dithyramb	Exaggerated, enthusiastic praise
	person, including appearance, demeanor, communication
impeachment	The procedure for bringing to trial the highest officials of the state
inauguration	Solemn ceremony of the official inauguration of the highest person of the state
insinuation	malicious fiction, slander
cataclysm	Sudden, destructive upheaval in nature, society; catastrophe.
	the number of people present to make a decision
	cheap, tasteless mass production, calculated on the external effect.
	Sticking materials of a different texture on some basis
communiqué	Official government announcement of important events
compilation	Compilation of some text, works by using other people's works without independent processing of sources and without references to the authors.
consensus	Agreement on a controversial issue reached as a result of discussion	agreement
	Outstanding figure in some field
memorandum	A diplomatic document expressing the government's views on a particular question
mentality	The way of thinking inherent in an individual or social group.
monitoring	Constant monitoring of process to determine whether it is consistent with the desired outcome or initial assumptions	observation
		appropriation
preamble	introductory part of some. important act, international agreement, treaty.	introduction
prerogative	The exclusive right owned by government agency or official
	The plot basis of a work of art.
facsimile	Accurate reproduction of some method (using photography, engraving, etc.) of a manuscript, document
electorate
	State prohibition on the import and export of foreign goods, valuables
	Behavior that intentionally violates generally accepted norms and rules; scandalous trick

	Their meaning	Synonyms for them
Cancel	cancel, annul	cancel
run for office	nominate oneself for an elected office	nominate
defile	march solemnly, parade	march
inspire	inspire, influence; instigate	influence, incite
integrate	combine parts into one whole	unite
unify	unify
falsify	forge, distort	forge

	Their meaning	Synonyms for them
vanguard	advanced, ahead of others	advanced
	based on unquestioning submission to authority, striving to assert its authority.
virtual	possible	possible
humane	humane, philanthropic	humane
imposing	imposing, imposing	representative
infantile	similar to the manners, behavior, worldview of a child
confidential	confidential, not subject to publicity (conversation, conversation)	confidential
correct	polite, tactful; correct, accurate	tactful
legitimate	law	law
mercantile	petty	petty
ordinary	ordinary, ordinary	ordinary
private	private, informal	informal
utilitarian	seeking direct material benefit	unilateral
phenomenal	exceptional, rare, extraordinary	extraordinary
filigree	distinguished by the finishing of the smallest details, very meticulous	careful
exalted	enthusiastic, excited	enthusiastic
exclusive	exceptional; extending to a limited range of objects, persons	exceptional
extravagant	unusual, not in accordance with generally accepted customs, norms, fashion
ephemeral	fleeting; ghostly, unreal	fleeting

2. Specify cases of incorrect or stylistically unjustified use of borrowed words

Facts of violation of school discipline were ascertained (established, revealed, noted). Riots limit (restrict) work in the shops. It is impossible to level (smooth out the differences between someone, something) student grades. The deadline for completing an order can be extended (to extend the term of smth.). We were asked to represent (represent someone, smth.) some materials. The convention (agreement) of the new firm did not suit us (arranged). Self-propelled chassis - in one role or another (quality) - can work all year round. The new season opens up good prospects for further evolution (further development) in the field of sports work.

VII. Phraseologisms

1. Divide these phraseological units into two groups in terms of their use: 1) in book and written speech 2) in oral and colloquial speech. Explain the meaning. Come up with phrases with some of them, keeping their features in mind.

phraseological units	usage group
Achilles' heel (the most vulnerable, weak spot in someone)	in written language	The culture of speech is our "Achilles' heel"!
keep your pocket wide (do not hope or count on anything)	in written language	Fedya, "keep your pocket wider!"
knee-deep sea (nothing at all)	in spoken language	You and the "knee-deep sea"
puppet government (managed)	in spoken language
manna from heaven (something urgently needed, desired, expected)	in written language	For me, this ticket is like "manna from heaven"
pip on the tongue (ill wish)	in spoken language
without hesitation (no doubt)	in written language	And then "no hesitation" took and opened the door
keep an eye out (to be constantly on the alert)	in spoken language	with this old man you need to "keep your eyes open"
the voice of one crying in the wilderness (a vain call to something that remains unanswered, unheeded)	in written language	But his call remained "a voice crying in the wilderness"
Sisyphean labor (hard, exhausting, endless work)	in written language
to be fooled (to be deceived)	in written language
colossus with feet of clay (something seemingly majestic, impressive, but actually weak, fragile)	in written language	Hitler claimed that Soviet Union is a colossus with feet of clay
to plug in the belt (to surpass one's opponent in something)	in spoken language	He put us all in the belt
Babylonian pandemonium (complete confusion; confusion, turmoil)	in written language	This meeting is like a Babylonian pandemonium

2. Find errors related to the use of set expressions. Explain the reason. Fix it

He always considered his neighbor a notorious (sworn, worst) enemy. Many pensioners are now just dragging (pulling) the strap. We are behind our director as if behind a stone (wall) back. Democrats play an important (first) fiddle in this movement. For this school, this student has become a fable (parable) by the town. More recently, incense (dithyrambs) was sung to him. You can’t measure everyone with the same brush (on your own arshin). Every athlete can get (fail) a fiasco. The visitor left unsalted slurping (sipping unsalted). Commercial stores are now a dime a dozen (a dime a dozen) Having received a turn from the gate (turn from the gate), he turned to another company.

3. Determine the meaning of foreign language expressions and include them in sentences

foreign expression	meaning	sentence
	in a manner, like, like	His image "a la" Napoleon
Alma mater (alma mater)	mother-nurse, or respectfully about an educational institution
A priori (a priori)	regardless of experience, without verification	This value is true in "a priori"
Carte blanche (carte blanche)	complete freedom of action, unlimited powers	She gave him carte blanche
Finita la commedia (finita la comedy)	show over	That's all, Vasya, "finita la comedy"
Idea fixe (idee fix)	obsession	Go to space, this is my "idea fix"
Statu quo (Statu quo)	as it was, present situation	Restore the "status quo"
N.B. or Nota bene (note bene)	pay attention, pay attention
Persona grata (persona grata)	pleasant, agreeable person	Petya for Vasya is a persona.
Terra incognita (terra incognita)	unknown land	This desert is terra incognita
Tete-a-tete (tete-a-tete)	face to face	They met face to face

4. Find speech stamps and stationery. Correct the sentences

A speech stamp (1) is a stable phrase that, for one reason or another, is "convenient" or even mandatory for the implementation of certain communicative tasks.

Clericalism (2) - a word or figure of speech characteristic of the style of business papers and documents. Documents, acts, statements, certificates, powers of attorney are written according to the accepted form, as a result of which official formulas and the necessary stamps of business speech sometimes turn into colloquial and literary language, for example, “forest” instead of “forest”, “watering” instead of “watering” and etc.

The heroes of the film continue to selflessly fight (1) against the forces of evil. Due to the lack of (2) discipline, the class did not go to the theater. It is necessary to bring to the attention of (2) all students about the holding of the general meeting. This holiday left an indelible mark (1) in the souls of students.

Practice #3

Topic: Cultural and speech problems in morphology

I. Noun

Choose adjectives for the following words:

	adjectives
chimpanzee
	high-speed
	picturesque
	exquisite
kohlrabi
	medical
refrigeration
	transparent
	deep
	tiny

Match the given nouns with the appropriate masculine or feminine. Identify the stylistic and semantic differences between them. Note the cases of the absence of generic pairs. Compose and write two sentences with masculine words when they refer to a woman using past tense verbs

noun	another genus
vocalist	vocalist
ballerina
typist	driver
bachelor
foreman
defender	protectress

Determine the gender of the underlined nouns and match adjectives and pronouns with them.

Form the plural forms of the genitive case from the given words

kilograms - kilograms, stockings - stockings, Georgians - Georgians, shoes - shoes, rails - rails, socks - socks, oranges - oranges, cakes - cakes, gypsies - gypsies, holidays - holidays, Mongols - Mongols, shoulder straps - shoulder strap, boots - shoes, apricots - apricots, comments - comments, nuns - nuns, sheets - sheets, rakes - rakes, dreams - dreams, saucers - saucers, herons - herons, estates - estates.

Form the nominative plural forms from the given nouns

Address - addresses, accountant - accountants, century - centuries, year - years, director - directors, contract - contracts, doctor - doctors, lecturer - lecturers, order - warrants, turner - turners, professor - professors, driver - drivers, grade - varieties, volume - volumes, tractor - tractors, choice - elections, wind - winds (winds), officer - officers, dispatcher - dispatchers, schnitzel - schnitzels.

Choose the right shape. Explain the choice

This festival is not only for the (stars, stars) of the screen. It turned out to be difficult to pick up (conductors, conductors) for this device.

It is possible to study (stars, stars) only with the help of special instruments.

A complaint has been received against (conductors, conductors) of the train.

He studied (viruses, viruses) with particular interest.

The girl was putting to bed (dolls, dolls).

II. Adjective

Form simple and analytical (complex) forms of degrees of comparison from the given adjectives

Sample execution: Beautiful - more beautiful, more beautiful; the most beautiful, the most beautiful, the most beautiful, the most beautiful.

		larger	largest	largest	the biggest	the biggest
		more dexterous	dexterous	the most dexterous	the most dexterous of all	the most dexterous
		thiner	the thinnest	thinnest	thinnest of all	thinnest
		more dry				the driest
		more expensive	dearest	most expensive	dearest of all	the most expensive
		better			the best	the best
		worse		the worst		the worst
		more bitter		most bitter		the most bitter

From these adjectives form short form singular masculine and include in the sentence

Courageous - courageous, painless - painless, responsible - responsible, incomparable - incomparable, desirable - desirable, regal - regal.

III. Numeral

Choose the correct noun for these nouns. Specify the options

(Two, both) girls; (five, five) days; (three, three) scissors; (seven, seven) boys; (four, four) girlfriends; (five, five) gloves; on (both, both) sides of the street; (both, both) reports were satisfied.

Write by replacing the numbers with words

The sum of 743 (seven hundred and forty-three) and 159 (one hundred and fifty-nine) equals 912 (nine hundred and twelve). The product of 952 (nine hundred fifty-two) and 465 (four hundred sixty-five) equals 442680 (four hundred forty-two thousand six hundred and eighty). Limit expenses to 874 (eight hundred and seventy-four) rubles. We are short of 23571 (twenty-three thousand five hundred and seventy-one) rubles.

Declension of numbers 50, 60, 70, 80; 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700; 800, 900.

IV. Pronoun

Open the brackets by putting the pronoun in the correct form.

At (he, I, she, they) - him, me, her, them.

Towards (I, he, she, they) - me, him, her, them.

Above (he, she, me) - him, her, me.

Thanks to (he, she, they, we, you) - to him, her, them, us, you.

For (he, she, they, you, we) - him, her, them, you, us.

Because of (but, she, they, you, we) - him, her, them, you, us.

Put, where possible, the verbs in the form of the 1st person singular (for example, I sit, I lead) and include them in the sentence. If the form of the verb is 1 person, singular. h. is not used, replace it in the sentence with a descriptive phrase.

pray - I pray to find myself - I can find myself

grind - I grind to convince - I will be able to convince

hope - hope to win - win

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present tense

(Tossing about - rushing about) waves in an angry crowd, (splashing - splashing), (bubbling - bubbling) and (groaning - moaning). He (whip - whips) with all his might a horse and rushes at a gallop. The wind slightly (sway - shakes) the hard leaves of the plums. The purple curtain is a little (swaying - swaying) from the wind. Suddenly he felt that Ivan Fedorovich was friendly (to pat - pat) on his shoulder.

Form the imperative form of the following verbs

throw away - throw away put - put down

notify - notify to go - go, go

lie down - lie down get out - get out

Look for mistakes. Explain the reason. Edit the sentences

The capital's chauffeurs (chauffeurs) were buzzing at the wedding. No sooner had he left the house (house) than Kuznetsov entered it. I can support any conversation, not because I am a polyglot (polyglot), but because I can insert two or three phrases on the topic into a conversation. You are not stupid, reliable, gifted (gifted) with appearance. I went to her, but she didn't have it. Most recently, I bought a very beautiful (beautiful) bra. Wet (wet) to the skin, the boy ran home. Following the departing train, the mourners wave (waving) their hands. All I need is a glass of strong tea (tea). Sports camps(camps) are located near the city. Many students say that the new teacher is kinder than the old one. The actors played on a stage(s) installed in the central square. The new accountant (new accountant) will start work on Monday. She is polite, kind, whatever you ask her (her) she gives. All their (their) notes lay on the table. The boy with his (with his) dog returned home. I do not strive (strive) to be better, original (more original), I want to remain myself. The largest (major) city in the world is Mexico City. Rice (rice) harvesting has begun in the fields. The contractor constantly delayed (postponed) the delivery of the object. I really like my (my) girlfriend. Five (five) girls and seven boys left the school. Both (both) girls received a scholarship. There were always a lot of people around them (them). He showed up with his second, he looked great (He looked great when he showed up with his second).

Practice No. 4

Theme: Cult urn-speech syntax problems

I. Word order

Correct the sentences by changing their word order.

He behaved very badly at the lesson again (He behaved very badly at the lesson again). Examinations in lyceums and colleges were held together with all schools according to the general program (Examinations according to the general program were held in lyceums and colleges together with all schools). He was admitted to the hospital after calling the ambulance in a serious condition (After calling the ambulance, he was admitted to the hospital in a serious condition). Festive mood creates spring decoration of the house (Festive decoration of the house creates a spring mood). We accept high-quality perfumes and cosmetics for sale (We accept high-quality perfumes and cosmetics for sale). Like many of his other works, the idea of ​​this story was hatched by the writer for a number of years (The idea of ​​this story was hatched by the writer for a number of years, like many of his other works).

Russian morphology text language

II. Agreement of the predicate with the subject

Agree the predicate with the subject, add the end ania.

	Approval norms
A row of tables stood in the middle of the auditorium. Most of the students have already passed their skiing standards. (the predicate passed is used in the plural, because the activity of the action is emphasized, which is important in cases where the action is attributed to each person individually). A flock of birds flew south. Many people left the rally. (the predicate gone is used in the plural, because the activity of the action is emphasized, which is important in cases where the action is attributed to each person individually). Some of the flowers died due to the low temperature.	If the subject consists of a collective noun like most, row, part, half, etc. and a noun in the form of the genitive plural, the predicate usually agrees grammatically with the stem word of the phrase, for example: A number of scientists put forward a new hypothesis; Some of the inhabitants settled here in the 15th century. However, there are a number of reasons why, with the subjects named above, it is preferable to use the predicate in the plural: 1) if there is a “gap” between the main members of the sentence, that is, clarifying turns, connecting constructions, etc.: Even before the revolution, a number of scientists, for example P.N. Sakulin, D.N. Ushakov, put forward the idea of ​​simplifying Russian spelling; 2) if the subject contains homogeneous structures in the form of the genitive plural: Most of the workers, technicians and engineers of the plant have already fulfilled the norm provided for by the plan; 3) if homogeneous predicates are listed: Most of the guests stood in groups, discussed yesterday's event or just chatted; 4) if the sentence contains other grammatical constructions indicating the plurality of the producer of the action: A number of customers who received new products applied to the plant with complaints; 5) if you need to emphasize the activity of the action, which is important in cases where the action is attributed to each person individually: Most of the participants in the meeting have already spoken (but: A number of tables were in the middle of a large room; the subject denotes an inanimate object). On this basis, the predicate in the passive turnover is usually put in singular, since the subject denotes the object of the action, and not its subject: A number of employees who allowed an inattentive attitude to the needs of passengers were held accountable.
No one, not even the most capable students, could solve this problem. The board of the club, including the chairman and deputy, did a lot to organize the evening. In the May days of past years, the press, including the author of these lines, always wrote about the victory over Germany. The school administration, especially the director and the head teacher, have done a lot to organize summer holidays for children.	AT this case it is preferable to use the predicate in the plural, tk. between the main members of the proposal there are clarifying turns, connecting structures, etc. For example: Even before the revolution, a number of scientists, for example, P.N. Sakulin, D.N. Ushakov, put forward the idea of ​​simplifying Russian spelling.
Many graduates of our school began to work in new structures. Several children went outside.	The predicate in this case is used in the plural. number, because the activity of the action is emphasized, which is important when the action is attributed to each person individually.
One hundred years have passed. Exactly at six o'clock eleven shots were fired (d). Ten fighters rushed to the attack (c). In the spring, one hundred and twenty hectares (g) were sown on the collective farm. Behind them, two shots clicked, two bullets whistled (d). Four students entered the class (d). Fifty-one delegates attended the meeting (e). Received a thousand books for the school library(s). A million rubles were released for the completion of construction (a). A dozen eggs lay in the basket (e). A hundred soldiers entered the village (e). During the fire, half the house burned down (a). Half the head is still uncut (g). Six months spent in the village restored health (h).	The singular number of the predicate is used in the following cases: a) if attention is drawn to the number of persons or objects in question (especially if it means big number subjects, since a large group is perceived as one whole, while with a subject denoting a few persons, the role of each is more distinguished): Ten students appeared at the beginning of the exam; cf .: One hundred and seventy students of our institute took part in the cross. Five students of our group took part in the cross. The number can be emphasized by the words total, only, only (with the meaning of limitation): Only ten teams participated in the competition; b) if the predicate is expressed by a verb with the meaning of being, presence, position in space, action directed at an inanimate object, a passive state of a person, etc.: There were two windows with wide window sills in the room; Six fighters died of wounds; c) if the joint performance of the action is implied: Five fighters went on reconnaissance (in a group); d) with a subject denoting a measure of weight, space, time, etc., including nouns of years, days, hours: Twenty-five kilometers remained until the end of the journey; Here are two years of my life crossed out (M. Gorky). It should be noted that sometimes the influence of the words two (two), three, four is affected, as a result of which the predicate is put in the plural form, for example: So three weeks passed (L.N. Tolstoy); e) with compound numbers ending in one: This was a major international competition in which 21 representatives from thirteen countries participated. Under the influence of the tendency to agree on meaning in colloquial speech, there are constructions of the type 21 students came to the exam; f) with the words three, ten, thousand, million, billion, which are closer to nouns than to numerals: A thousand people visited the exhibition. However, since these words are perceived as numerals, constructions such as A thousand fighters rushed to the attack are also possible. g) with a subject expressed by a complex noun, the first part of which is the numeral half- (half an hour, half a city, etc.), the predicate is usually put in the singular, and in the past tense in the neuter gender: half an hour has passed, half a year has flown by, half a city has participated in the demo. h) However, if the subject, expressed by a complex noun, the first part of which is the numeral gender, has a definition in the nominative plural, then the predicate is also plural: The remaining half of the house survived the fire.
Brother and sister waited a long time for the return of their mother and were very worried (d). Polkan with Barbos, lying in the sun, warmed themselves (d). The girl with the doll went out into the street (e). The father went to the forest with his son. A brother or sister will help me get a job. Helped the patient fresh air and prolonged sleep (a).	The plural form of the predicate is preferable in the following cases: a) if counted persons or objects are singled out as producers of action: Ten students graduated from the institute with honors; b) if the predicate denotes the active action of a person or object: And in the forest ten riders whipped horses (N.A. Ostrovsky);

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Phonetic norms

Theoretical part

1. The concept of the norm. Signs of the norm.

2. Literary pronunciation: characteristic features.

3. Russian verbal stress: its characteristics. Vibrations in accent.

4. Styles of pronunciation. Orthoepic features of borrowed words.

5. Stage pronunciation and its features (message).

6. Moscow and St. Petersburg pronunciation (message).

Practical part

1. Based on the "Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language" or "Big orthographic dictionary of the Russian language”, put the stress in the words, prove that the Russian stress is different and mobile.

August, alcohol, anatomist, anonymous, apostrophe, scam, Athenians, pampered, spoil, incessantly, gas pipeline, blagovest, bombard, boutique, plenty, religion, launches, distillation, gerbera, corrugated, caterpillar, cousin, hyphen, dispensary, dogma , contract, utterly, dispensary, utterly, dry, drape, shaft, drowsiness, confessor, enviably, regular, folded leaf, ahead of time, prisoner, storeroom, locked, call, sign, significant, jagged, hieroglyph, spoiled, curved, iconography, blinds, gutter, vent, catalogue, rubber, quarter, kilometer, laya, bookseller, casing, goats (coachman's seat), whooping cough, collapse, sneak, burning bush, kitchen, lasso, hunk, marketing, miserable, ordeal, upstairs, plant, vigilant eye, obituary, newborn, provision, detection, wholesale, uncork, loop, plateau, mold, time payment, waited, call, printing, sent, anticipate, do not fail, reward, force, options are different sya, settled, rocky mountains, plum wine, commemorate, recruit, sentsy (canopy), beets, convocation, funds, carpenter, customs, a small fraction, notify, Ukrainian, smartly, phenomenon, intercede, appreciating, skewer, sorrel, endgame, expert, legal adviser, holy fool, Kizhi, Bali.

2. Read the given words. Watch for the correct pronunciation of the consonant sound [r].

Gagra, Holland, Gogol, genius, glossary, verb, gallant, geography, geologist, guarantee, Georgia, Germany, Zagreb, Genoa, Hurghada.

3. Describe the selected consonant sound.

Naro h but, well h but boolo h naya, laundry h naya, tale h ny, Nikiti h on, taken h nick, light h nick, mess h ny, melo h ny; Bo G, Thursday G, surgery G, vdru G, le G cue, me G cue, take G; ra mid no, and mid change; An d Yersen, Ant in erpen, Du R ep, D ate, oh d Essa, Mar With spruce, Maine d elson; accountant t er, ban d erol, shi n spruce, orchids d her, pa t ent, t trend, prog R ess, t ermin, in d ex, a t eism, to R food, d declaration, pre t enzia, to R eat, lib R etto, With session, t ecology.

4. Determine in which words the double consonant is not pronounced, in

which are preserved and in which variant pronunciation is allowed.

1. Assembly, assorted, terrace, gram, dissonance, cash desk, annals, proofreading, mass, assimilation, massive, alley, parallel, symmetrical, attache, attraction, manna (heavenly), influenza, influenza.

2. Association, assortment, assistant, metal, abstract, bath, terror, territory, correspondent, tunnel, dissimilation, Saturday, Saturday, ballast, grammar, grammatical, gamma.

3. Dissertator, group, million, billion, diffusion, fiction, neat, certificate, cool, software, surreal, accordion, cellophane, ballot, Moroccan.

5. In what words of foreign origin is the unstressed sound [o] retained?

1. Fragrant, baobab, burgundy, dossier, zoologist, communique, concert, cooperation, college, model, nocturne, poet, orator, bullfighter, trio, foyer, highway.

2. Boa, glass, burgundy, veto, bolero, specific, concert, cottage, oasis, briefcase, poetry, poetess, novel, sombrero, sonata, sonnet trio, chaos.

6. Determine the meanings of words, make phrases with them.

A piece of iron - a piece of iron, expired - expired, sky - palate, case - case, announced - announced.

7. What sound ([o] or [e]) is pronounced under stress in the following words?

Hopeless, faded, grenadier, bile, worthless, clothed, encased, simultaneous, eponymous, glider, faded, undercut, predicted, successor, heterogeneity, unsaddled, junkman, black grouse, pronominal, maneuver, whitish, slatted, athlete, being, guardianship, numb, pointy, denominated, brought, wandered, faded.

8. Are consonants softly or firmly pronounced before the sound [e] in the following borrowed words? Which words are variant pronunciations?

1. Iceberg, bacterium, meringue, delicacy, delta, dean, depression, intellect, interview, coffee, code, crater, creed, cruiser, criterion, model, museum, neologism, net, Odessa, orchid, patent, pathos, panther, pince-nez, session, sweater, synthesis, awning, therapist, term, thermos, test, flannel, stamp, energy, effect.

2. Adequate, anesthesia, annexation, artery, sandwich, pool, genesis, decadent, cleavage, detective, clarinet, crater, crepe de chine, pleated, polonaise, session, safe, sonnet, stand, thesis, tenor, tempo, terror, term, tennis, tete-a-tete, track, plywood, phoneme, phonetics, overcoat, highway, stamp, eden, extern, essence, ethnogenesis.

Norms of word usage

Theoretical part

1. Concept usage norms.

2. Correlation of concepts verbosity and lexical incompleteness of an utterance. Verbosity types.

3. The use of words of a narrow scope of use (using examples).

4. Concept phraseological unit(FE). Errors associated with the use of phraseological units.

Practical part

1. Find errors related to the violation of the norms of word usage, correct them, explain your choice.

1. One of the means of expression, which is widely used by the author, is personification.

2. A.N. Ostrovsky creates truthful, taken from life, realistic images and pictures of reality.

3. In "Thunderstorm" tyranny, despotism and arbitrariness of merchants are denounced.

4. As soon as you read the book, immediately return it back to the library ..

5. In the kiosks of our city, you can buy souvenirs and gifts.

6. The people will be able to defend their independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity.

7. The disadvantage of the work is the simplification of tasks in the Russian language, the insufficient degree of difficulty of the proposals proposed for analysis.

8. One of the main images in Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm is the image of Katerina.

9. All this indicates that we were not able to fully use the capacity of the new equipment.

2. Indicate in which examples the error is associated with a misunderstanding of the meaning of the word, in which - with an illegal expansion or narrowing of its meaning.

1. Bunin touches on the themes of being officials, teachers, impoverished nobles.

2. The poet's love for the Motherland often revived him from decadent moods.

3. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" still attracts the attention of contemporaries.

4. Before starting my studies, I read back the stories of A.P. Chekhov.

5. Speakers usually appear with expressions such as "takes place", "provides assistance", etc.

3.Find and correct errors in the use of words with an abstract and specific meaning.

1. Kern in Pushkin's thinking remained just a fleeting vision.

2. A den of drug addiction has been discovered in Riga.

3. When Russia was fragmented, it was able to conquer the Tatar-Mongol yoke.

4. How does choleric differ from other types of nervous activity?

5. I want to learn a language so that I cannot be distinguished from the English-speaking population.

6. There is architecture in the park.

7. Almost all products are nameless, only a few have authorship.

8. Pavel - in the forefront of the construction of a narrow gauge railway.

4. Indicate cases of violation of the compatibility of words. Explain what they are.

1. A number of joint ventures continue this type of activity, which contributes to the loss of production in quality and finishing of fabrics.

2. The first years of perestroika had a positive impact on housing construction.

3. The Decree of Emperor Paul 1 favorably affected the industrialists.

4. Both the experience of Western countries and domestic practice are rich in facts of ruin and collapse not only of small enterprises, but also of large factories.

5. There is a possibility of severe complications.

6. Numerous spontaneous bazaars significantly disfigured the city.

7. At the same time, the international situation showed a negative attitude towards the state of affairs in Russian textile production.

8. Now these functions are reduced in the person of one person.

9. Looking deeper into the thickness of the centuries national history, we will notice that the superstructure has a relative independence.

5. Determine in which cases the lexical compatibility is violated intentionally, in which - as a result of ignorance of the true meaning of the word.

A living corpse, three only daughters, an ordinary miracle, an obvious improbable, a greater or lesser half, burst into easy childish laughter, lean on your back, a terrible beauty, break a glass vase, an excellent scoundrel, a terribly interesting book, terribly comfortable shoes.

6. Indicate the errors associated with ignorance of the compatibility of the meanings of words.

1. The students listened twice to the conversation about the work of I. Bunin.

2. The story "Duel" by Kuprin was prepared by a whole galaxy of stories dedicated to the life of the army.

3. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" will be understood by every person who truly loves his Motherland.

4. A peculiar cult of Pushkin came from Bunin's mother.

5. Many were unable to solve problems and ended up on the edge of poverty.

6. In the image of Igor ("The Tale of Igor's Campaign"), selfless courage and military fervor are distinguished.

7. Tell me what time it is.

8. Each student expressed his credo.

7. Find and correct errors associated with the use of phraseological units. Determine the causes of phraseological errors: 1. The use of phraseological units without taking into account their meanings. 2. Change in the composition of the PU (substitution). 3. Expansion of the component composition of PU. 4. Reduction of the component composition of PU. 5. Contamination. 6. Changing the grammatical form of phraseological units. 7. Violation of lexical and phraseological compatibility. 8. Discrepancy between stylistic and emotionally expressive.

1. The writer keeps up with the times.

2. We will be able to improve the quality of products only if everyone fully understands their personal responsibility for the assigned work and contributes to the common cauldron.

3. Yes, we have long given up on everything and put up with it.

4. I listen to this beautiful music, and my tears come out and frost runs through my skin.

5. Khlestakov throws pearls in front of pigs all the time, and everyone believes him.

6. Khlestakov managed to lead the mayor around the finger.

7. ... the game is not worth a damn.

8. Engine shop - the holy of holies new station maintenance.

9. Katerina laid hands on herself and threw herself into the river.

10. Together with the writer we go to another world full of secrets and adventures.

11. They turn a blind eye to flaws.

12. They came here not to work, but to chase long rubles.

Morphological norms

Theoretical part

1. The use of forms of nouns.

The gender of nouns.

Features of declension of nouns.

Variants of case endings in the plural.

2. The use of forms of adjectives.

3. The use of numerals.

4. The use of pronouns.

5. The use of verb forms.

Practical part

1. Determine the gender of these nouns, justify your answer.

Avenue, alibi, borjomi, ivasi, impresario, incognito, interview, kangaroo, kohlrabi, contralto, entertainer, confetti, croupier, lady, mango, penalty kick, pony, porter, stew, rugby, swahili, taxi, flamingo, tsunami, attache, purse, counterpart, sommelier, protégé, maestro; Bali, Baku, Batumi, Capri, Kizhi, Peru, Sukhumi.

2. Find and correct grammatical errors. Specify cases where multiple options are acceptable.

Olympic Sochi, distant Oslo, evening Helsinki, mysterious Tokyo, densely populated Grodno, wide Limpopo, sunny Brescia, ancient Bruges, forgotten Testaments of Ilyich (collective farm), restless Onego, coastal Turku, Khimki near Moscow, beautiful Shiraz, hazy Osaka,
independent Haiti.

3. Explain the use of collective numbers in the sentences given below.

1. Three friends stood in the back and looked, looked at everything that was familiar from childhood.

2. Soon the room was filled with children, lovely girls and boys. There were five of them.

3. Two sledges were sent from the commandant.

4. Men stood in a small group in the crowd of prisoners. Four of them stepped forward.

4. Write down the number 128 287 685 letters and decline it.

5. Correct the errors in these sentences, write down the correct option, explain the errors.

1. The head of the department signed an application for granting another vacation to Albert Nikolaevich Hartman and Anna Mikhailovna Fridman.

2. According to the order, all employees of the department received a bonus.

3. The warmest this week will be in the Krasnodar Territory and in the Kuban.

4. At the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships, the entire pedestal was ours: three athletes received medals.

5. Diplomas were issued to four hundred and thirty-five graduates of the college.

6. The sown area was about 50 thousand hectares.

7. Upon arrival on vacation, the president held a working meeting with the mayor of the city.

6. Explain cases of incorrect use of pronouns of different categories.

1. I. I. Yakushin is an outstanding figure who combines his great scientific and academic work with public.

2. It is impossible not to mention the work of scientists-geographers, their works are still of scientific interest to researchers.

3. The Don Cossacks went to their farms, they no longer wanted to fight.

Syntactic norms

Theoretical part

1. Syntactic norms. Order of words in a sentence. Inversion.

2. Syntactic norms. The grammatical connection of the subject and the predicate.

3. Syntactic norms. The use of participial and participial phrases, passive and impersonal constructions.

4. Syntactic norms. Harmonization of definitions and applications.

5. Syntactic norms. Proposals with homogeneous members.

6. Syntactic norms. Errors in the construction of complex sentences.

Practical part

1. Add endings, matching the predicate with the subject.

1. The vast majority of students showed ... deep knowledge in the exams.

2. How did it go in one minute ... two months?

3. A row of tables are in the middle of a large room.

4. It seems that 11 o'clock has struck ....

5. Half the city participated .. in a strike.

6. The doctor Kuznetsov received ... patients.

7. “Ruslan and Lyudmila” was written by ... A. S. Pushkin.

2. Open the brackets, put proper names in a new form.

1. We were approaching the city (Florence).

2. The ancient Russian city of Zvenigorod stands on the (Moscow River).

3. Trade between Russian Federation and the Republic (Lebanon) has been going on for many years.

4. Russian State scientific Library located on the street (Vozdvizhenka).

5. The political elite likes to relax in the resort (Davos).

3. Find and explain errors in the use of gerunds and

adverbial turnover. Correct the suggestions.

1. It's nice to know that when I come home after school, the kitten will meet me with a joyful meow.

2. After reading about the fights, the whole picture immediately presented itself to me.

3. Reading this story, one gets the impression that Kuprin himself was a miner.

4. A year later, being blind and deaf, he was brought before the king.

5. Walking along the wet path, the rain has not stopped yet.

6. Sergei Efron, returning to his homeland, was arrested and killed.

7. Having met with Khlebnikov, Romashov stepped in front of him in his soul.

8. The smells of many dangers, being born, animals already know.

4. Find and fix the bugs related to the violation syntactic norms Please motivate your answer.

1. Pancake flour is also sold in rented shops at no extra charge.

2. Currently state industry and agriculture collapses.

3. Bunin considered "Dark Alleys" his best book, which includes 38 short stories.

4. Most of Tsvetaeva's poems are permeated with lyrics and beauty of writing.

5. He understands the need to help the people.

6. If you find a work book in the name of Petrova Olga, lost on May 2, please return it convincingly.

7. Danger can only appear before a person or a cow.

8. In order for the text and our speech to be more beautiful and fabulous, the author and people use expressive means.

9. Firstly, I am a true patriot, therefore I love and respect my Motherland very much: be it war, elections or the same brain drain.

10. Successfully performed as performers of the main roles, as well as all other participants in the performance.

11. In "Farewell to Matera" V. Rasputin touches upon the topic of human spirituality, which is relevant at all times, and also touched upon the most important issues of the era of global projects.

5. Find and correct grammatical violations in the text.

The sky flares up, waking up the wind,

Cursing everything in the world,

I again run into the untrodden forests.

Animals rustle, running out to meet,

Friendly paws masha:

I'll be here all evening,

Immortal creations writing.

But, crawling out for a moment from the unsteady mud,

Swamp, green creature

Pokes me with a caring smile

Big Spelling Dictionary.

(A. Matyushkin-Gerke)

Basics oratory

PLAN
Theoretical part
1. Features of oral public speech. speaker and his audience.
2. Preparation of speech. Rules for constructing speech.
3. Verbal design public speaking. Understanding, informativeness and expressiveness of public speech.
Practical part
Prepare a speech (3-4 minutes), based on the rules for constructing oral public speech.

scientific style

Theoretical part

1. Define scientific style.

2. Name the genres of scientific style.

3. Describe the language means characteristic of the scientific style.

Lexico-phraseological norms- these are the norms for the use of words and phraseological units in their lexical meaning and the norms for combining words and phraseological units with other words in a sentence.

Questions.

2. Define the concepts: lexical meaning words, lexical compatibility.

3. Describe the vocabulary in terms of use.

4. Phraseologisms. Errors associated with the incorrect use of phraseological units.

5. Errors associated with verbosity (pleonasm, tautology). Speech deficiency

Literature.

1. Rosenthal D.E. Secrets of style. – M.: Iris Rolf, 1996.

2. Rosenthal D.E. Practical stylistics of the Russian language. – M.: Enlightenment, any year of publication.

3. Vvedenskaya L.A. Russian language and culture of speech. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2000.

4. Ozhegov S.I. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M.: AZ, 1993.

5. Lexical norms of the Russian language (basic lecture). Ed. Zaitseva N.N. B-ka OKI.

6. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Ed. Molotkova A.I. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1968 (and last ed.).

Task number 1. In the above sentences, the boundaries of lexical compatibility are violated. Fix this bug .

1. Most of the game has already passed. 2. All the children were terribly happy. 3. Extra-curricular activities play a positive role in the development of children. 4. This actor has long earned the fame of the audience. 5. The vast majority of tasks were completed. 6. Pupils showed particular interest in the exhibition of school crafts.

Task number 2. Indicate the errors associated with ignorance of the compatibility of the word and its meanings.

1. Pupils listened twice to a conversation about the work of I. Bunin. 2. The story "Duel" by Kuprin was prepared by a whole galaxy of stories dedicated to the life of the army. 3. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" will be understood by every person who truly loves his homeland. 4. A peculiar cult of Pushkin came from Bunin's mother. 5. Many were unable to solve their problems and ended up on the edge of poverty.6. In the image of Igor ("The Tale of Igor's Campaign"), selfless courage, military ardor are distinguished.7. Tell me what time it is. 8. Each student expressed his credo.

Task number 3. Eliminate errors in the use of words without taking into account the semantics in the context.

1. One act of Chatsky led me into confusion. 2. Now many writers are closely involved in politics. 3. The students listened intently to the performance of the artist. 4. But before using the material and lightly vibrating it, I want to state my thoughts about Bazarov. 5. The idea of ​​this work is to call on the Russian princes to incarnate into a single principality and stand up for the defense of the Russian land. 6. All this draws the idea of ​​"The Tale of Igor's Campaign". 7. Sketches also help readers understand the text better. 8. Students themselves can put questions to the speaker. 9. "Garnet Bracelet" - one of the most confirming works of Kuprin.

Task number 4. Use the dictionary to answer the following questions.

1. What is common between words market and bazaar? How do they differ? 2. In what cases should the word be used there is, and in what eat? Is it possible to say: “In the morning I only eat cottage cheese”? 3. How to correctly: “My father - by profession therapist, and by specialty doctor" or "My father - by profession doctor, and by specialty therapist"? 4. How to say: “Tomorrow I I can't to you come in or “I won’t I can to you come"? 5. Can I ask: “Who labors your mother?" 6. Is it correct to say: “Today we with spouse Shall we go to the cinema?" 7. Is it possible to say this: “In several city schools teachers foreign languages organized clubs of international friendship?” How do words differ teacher, teacher, teacher? 8. What do you name a person on their birthday? What is the difference between words birthday boy and newborn? Who it hero of the day?

Task number 5. Replace the underlined words with synonyms.

1. This picture surprised me. 2. The landscape was very beautiful. 3. The stranger seemed to him a man unkind. 4. Nikolai Lukyanovich wanted to be in time, he was walking fast. 5. Irina rejoiced. 6. Girl cried and was in no hurry to wipe her tears. 7. This could only be done unintelligent human. 8. It takes a lot to figure it out work.

Task number 6. In the given synonymous rows, select neutral, bookish, colloquial, as well as colloquial words. Use them in sentences with appropriate stylistic coloring. Where possible, continue the synonymic series.

1. Eyes - eyes - peepers, ...

2. To deceive - to fool - to fool, ...

3. Eat - eat - gobble up, ...

4. Nonsense - nonsense - nonsense, ...

5. Scold - scold - bonfire, ...

Task number 7. Choose synonyms for the following words .

Fragrance, poor, stupid, do, think, eat, cruel, dwelling, why, brief, dexterous, many, new, frankly, charm, very, become famous, ask, smart, walk, enthusiasm, clear.

* Task number 8. Determine the meaning of these homonyms (homophores and homographs), make phrases with them.

1. Company-campaign.

2. Ear-colossus.

3. Adapt-adapt.

4. Beg-belittle

5. Pretend-pretend

6. try on-reconcile

7. Crime-proceed

8. despise-despise

* Task number 9. Find homonyms in the sentences and explain their meaning.

1. Do not flaunt that you have an excess of themes, we know the works where the best themes perished. 2. Caps flew, stones flew, screams flew, screeching flew ... 3. The editor was in love with one of the ladies, he said: I will publish a novel for you. 4. He will say the word "for" and repent ... He constantly stutters! 5. A stick with a gold monogram, a thick gold wedding ring on the right index finger and a thick mustache that shimmers in gold, carefully twisted into two rings.

Task number 10. Instead of dots, insert the antonyms necessary for the correct construction of the antithesis.

1. We can say about a person that he is more often kind than ..., smart ... than ..., more often energetic than ..., and vice versa. 2. People have always been mistaken and will continue to be mistaken in what they consider fair and ... 3. The rich sleep, and ..., and the wise, and ..., and the good, and ... 4. Life dragged on - like everyone else who lives , - rich in long sorrows and ..., ... ,. 5. Whatever the writer is - large or ..., he must portray a person, and not a conventional figure.

Task number 11. With these words, make up phrases with paronyms.

1. Careful - thrifty, defective - rejection, weighty - weighty, elective - selective, nest - nesting, dramatic - dramatic, housing - residential, delay - restrain.

2. Make - cook, mythical - mythological, foundation - justification, special - special, replace - replace, imagine - provide, romantic - romantic, spectacular - effective.

Task number 12. Explain the differences between the given paronyms, make a sentence with each of them.

1. Fact - factor, problematic - problematic, stylistic - stylistic, well-fed - satisfying, methodical - methodical, static - static, seconded - business trip, dress - put on, whole - whole.

2. Subscriber - subscription, fearfully - fearfully, unsightly - impenetrable, condemn - discuss, color - color, shaped - fashionable, intolerant - intolerable, personal - personal, clay - clay.

3. Selective - selective, logical - logical, heroic - heroic, assimilate - master, immeasurable - incommensurable, natural - naturalistic, empty - deserted, typical - typical, humane - human.

Task number 13. Restore paronymic pairs, explain the meaning of each word.

1. Adventurous - marsh -

wreath - walnut -

profitable - evil -

ironic - skillfully -

2. Rocky - cool -

typo - act -

stalagmite - tragic -

lucky - obviously -

Task number 14. Find errors related to verbosity, determine their type and correct the sentences.

1. I already talked about my autobiography in the introductory article. 2. The Institute has developed new methods and developments on this issue. 3. The patient was immediately admitted to the hospital. 4. The firm announced a vacancy for the position of chief accountant. 5. It is still unknown who is the creator of this unique creation. 6. Already at the beginning of his career as a writer, strengths and weaknesses were identified. 7. There is no longer a significant difference between nature and man. 8. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" is one of the most complex Pushkin's works. 9. She had very huge eyes. 10. The president of the firm called on everyone to work together. 11. It is necessary to realistically and without illusions weigh our economic chances. 12. The princes ("The Tale of Igor's Campaign") did not want to understand that the unification of their troops into a single army was necessary.

* Task number 15. Indicate which of the phrases have become entrenched in the language and have become acceptable, and which are perceived as redundant and do not correspond to the language norm.

1. Information message, evening serenade, traumatic injury, timing of time, exhibits of the exhibition, folklore, free vacancy, price list.

2. Autobiography of life, monumental monument, meager little things, professional colleague, overall dimensions, leading leader, interior design, driving leitmotif, demobilization from the army.

3. An unusual phenomenon, reality, a period of time, a huge colossus, a retaliatory counterattack, progress forward, a memory memorial, a strange paradox, time pressure.

Task number 16. Eliminate the cases of speech deficiency in the following sentences.

1. In the premises of the entrance factory, the sanitary and epidemiological station will prepare poisoned bait for the population. 2. Livestock specialists and wind workers of farms to carry out hoof trimming and dehorning. 3. For all livestock specialists of the departments, make strong collars on an iron chain, under which put felt. 4. The factory requires two workers: one for the filling, the other for the wrapper. 5. Reward nursery workers for fulfilling the plan for the incidence of children. 6. Rent an apartment with a child. 7. An eighty-year-old blind old woman walks into the barn on a wire. 8. Students who have passed pressure and welding can sign up for cutting. 9. A woman was awarded 50% of her husband. 10. Cargo delivery is carried out by off-road helicopter.

* Task number 17. In the examples given, find phrases that can be used as free and not free, and phrases that can only be used as not free.

1. Put on your feet, climb into your eyes, hand in hand, eye to eye, eyes flared up, one like a finger, catch on a word, keep up, take an example, wave your hand, pour from empty to empty, sit in a puddle, wash your hands, pull your tongue, spit at the ceiling, wait for the weather by the sea, go straight, not see the white light.

2. See the views, get into a rut, exaggerate, prick up your ears, it's a hat, look through your fingers, take it at face value, swan song, beat like a fish on ice, keep your ears on top, your head is spinning, put in a word, without a knot without a hitch, cut one size fits all, plunge headlong, play spillikins.

Task number 18. Indicate which of the given phrases are free, which are phraseologically related.

1. White dance, white paper, white shirt, white collars, white coal, white hands, white ticket, white bone, white walls, white verse, white wine, white crow, white spot, white light, white flies, white gold.

2. Golden bottom, golden rain, golden bag, golden earrings, golden youth, golden calf, gold autumn, golden fund, golden soul, golden mountains, golden mean, golden hands, golden wedding, golden ring.

Task number 18. Replace the underlined words with phraseological units.

1. Friends worked beside. 2. He is very smart. 3. compose he was a master. 4. Don't delay, come back fast. 5. He loves talk a lot. 6. Why are you here messing around? 7. Victor, for all his virtues, has one weakness. 8. Before becoming a real fighter, he experienced a lot. 9. Why you didn’t try, but worked poorly? 10. Travelers ran out of supplies and had to starve.

* Task #19. Explain the meaning of publicistic stamps.

Find a warm response in the hearts; workers of fields, seas, virgin lands, agriculture; people in white coats, gray overcoats; search; chess crown; chess king; sports battles; ice knights; gate guard; White gold; black gold; blue gold; green gold; city ​​on the Neva; city ​​on the Volga; city ​​on the Dnieper; maple leaf country; land of the rising sun; country of tulips and canals; land of a thousand lakes.

Task number 20. In a humorous article published in the University Life newspaper, indicate jargon and colloquial words, clarifying their meaning in explanatory dictionaries.

Hammurabi again began to bend his fingers at Larsa and extinguished her in kind. Rim-Sin proved to be a woodpecker. He pretended to be a long loaf and tried to get dirty, but he got horns and swelled up. The local Zimrilim was not exactly a down, but compared to Hammurabi, he turned out to be a clumsy sucker and stalled like plywood.

True, he still tried to rock the boat and make his fingers like a fan, but he pricked himself, and in 1759 BC a pipe came to him - both to him and his whole khevra.

In short, under Hammurabi, a full kukan reigned throughout Mesopotamia: the Babylonians squashed everywhere, arranged disassemblies everywhere and made everyone rustle. All molted and breathed into the rag. And it was a pitchfork. However, when Hammurabi threw back his hooves, crap began in Babylonia. Hammurabi's successor was Samsuiluna. This brother was still trying to download rights, but it was already parallel to the rest. In the south, the Elamites became more and more specific, later they even rested a black basalt pillar with Hammurappin's kiva. The Kassites attacked more and more sharply, in the west the Mitanians rolled their lip with might and main with a springboard, completely dumbfounded. In the cities, left-wing bazaars went. Each clogged hose thumped its heel in the chest and turned the cart. Samsuiluna, of course, broke off all these Lochian panaches, but the general situation in Babylonia was dumb. Complete insanity reigned in the economy; A steep attack by the Hittites in 1600 BC ended in a complete bummer of the Babylonians. Thus, krants came to the Old Babylonian kingdom.

Task number 21. Indicate the speech errors that arose when using archaisms. Make lexical substitutions

1. Maria searched for her husband for a long time in her career, not yet knowing that at that time he was taken to the city hospital. 2. Sport in our century has become an important mover of progress, a companion of peace and friendship. 3. The fact that the shift is poorly nurtured at Dynamo was once again eloquently proved by the championship held at Medeo in January.4. Young artists toured cities and villages, everywhere meeting with a warm welcome. 5. After two rounds, the Soviet chess player is ahead. 6. The deputies believed that the amendments to the law would make it possible to redistribute the funds.

Task #22. Highlight neologisms, determining their meaning and stylistic coloring. Distinguish neologisms lexical and semantic .

1. Under the canopy of "Matrosskaya Tishina" without a word, the Gekachevists descended, not knowing their own guilt, embarrassed, like the Decembrists. 2. At the end of the meeting, the "Vecheviks" nominated General Makashov as a candidate for the post of head of the USSR and fired several shots from a rocket launcher in his honor.3. On TV great importance has a weekly television viewing rate. 4. A lot of time is spent on customs clearance of goods. 5. Kabanova is a respected person in Kalinov, so it is not surprising that Kalinov is completely bogged down. 6. The high-rise building of Moscow State University has always been and remains the blue dream of every young person. 7. That evening, "teenagers", ignoring the fears of their ancestors, gathered as always for their party. 8. The denationalization of enterprises is a natural process in the post-communist economy. 9. Interest in new areas of research is fueled by previously undeveloped industries - selenology, bionics, ufology, extrasensory perception. 10. Mysterious phenomena associated with information about enlonauts, humanoids, contactees, livitation, etc. are of great interest, and this is not surprising.