Preschool preparation of children for school at home. Home preparation of children for school: developmental tasks, games, exercises, tests. Psychological and emotional preparation of children for school: testing. Preparing for school at home

How to start preparing your child for school? What should a child know when going to school?

Usually, caring parents go to a bookstore and buy ... That's right, many, many books, copybooks, primers and alphabets. In the end, even half of the material remains unused, because the topics in the books are repeated, there are a lot of tasks and it is impossible to complete them all. My advice to you: take one book of each subject or one book in which everything is combined - these are all kinds of encyclopedias for preparing children for school. Do not be afraid that you will miss something and will not tell the child, after you have gone through all the material, you can purchase new copybooks, books with more complex tasks.

It is necessary to prepare a child for school gradually and you can start from the age of three. Buy books and notebooks according to age. Take your time so as not to overdo it and deprive the child of the desire to learn. Your task is to instill in your child a craving for knowledge. Don't pressure your child or compare them to other children. If something doesn't work out for the child, try again, patiently, praising him for trying. Still doesn't work? Does not understand? Come back to this topic a little later, when the child is a little older. Consider changing the way you teach.

Remember - studying is a big and hard work for a little man.

How can you build classes with a child at home?

If you decide to conduct classes at home, pay special attention to the choice of books for your classes.

To achieve a positive effect, you need:

■ Conduct classes daily and plan ahead for them.

■ You must understand what your end goal is. If your goal is to teach your child to count to 10, then in all classes, be sure to beat this topic at least in passing. During drawing or modeling lessons, ask your child how many flowers he drew or how many green balls he made.

■ Be sure to start each session with repetition. What you need to remember, be sure to repeat at the end of the lesson.

■ Gradually increase the time of the sessions, but their duration should not exceed 35 minutes. In order for the child to learn to sense the time, you can use an hourglass. This helps the child to see how much time he has left before the end of the lesson and how much he can do in the time allotted to him.

■ Make sure that the child does not get tired in the classroom. If you see that he is tired, immediately change the direction of the lesson, take a break.

■ Be sure to leave the child alone for a short period of time so that he can independently do the exercise you have given.

What needs to be developed?

Memory, attention, perception, spatial orientation, eye, motor skills, thinking, imagination.

Subjects that may be included in your child's school preparation: math, writing, Russian language, speech development, reading, nature or the world around, drawing, appliqué, modeling and English.

What should a child know before going to school?

■ Your first and last name.

■ Your date of birth and how old he is.

■ Your home address.

■ Some countries.

■ Names of parents (first name, patronymic, last name).

■ The seasons and their sequence.

■ Months and their number.

■ How many days in a week and their names, which days are working and which days off.

■ Navigate in time, know the time of day.

■ What is living and what is non-living nature.

■ Distinguish between wild and domestic animals.

■ Be able to name the cubs correctly (a horse has a foal, a cow has a calf...).

■ What is the weather like (sunny, clear, cloudy, etc.)

■ What weather events are in winter, spring, summer and autumn.

■ The names of the most common plants, animals, insects, be able to distinguish between animals, birds and fish.

■ Be able to distinguish trees from shrubs.

■ Be able to distinguish fruits from berries and vegetables.

■ Find an extra item in a group.

■ Tell how things are similar or different.

■ Primary colors.

■ Navigate where is the right and where is the left.

■ Orientate on a sheet of paper (upper left corner, upper right corner, etc.).

■ Names of famous sports.

■ Names of common occupations.

■ Names of the main building tools.

■ Names of several musical instruments.

■ Basic rules traffic and major road signs.

■ Know what applies to dishes, furniture, stationery.

■ Surnames famous writers and poets, the names of famous fairy tales.

■ Know the poems by heart.

■ Know the concepts of "greater than", "less than", "equal to".

■ Be able to compare objects by length, width and height.

■ Be able to solve simple arithmetic problems.

■ Know basic geometric shapes.

■ Print, write in block letters.

■ Recognize letters and sounds.

■ Distinguish vowels from consonants.

■ Be able to find a given sound in a word and determine in which part of the word it is located (at the beginning, middle and end of the word).

■ Be able to divide a word into syllables.

■ Be able to copy simple patterns in cells, continue the row, complete the missing half of the symmetrical pattern.

■ Be able to continue the row along the line of a given fragment: sticks, circles, hooks, etc.

■ Graphic dictations ("dog" from the point. Two cells to the right, one cell up, two cells to the right, two cells to the bottom, three cells to the right, one cell up, one to the right, two down, one to the left, one up, two to the left, one down, one cell left, two cells up, three cells left, two cells up).

■ Be able to retell, compose a story from pictures, use adjectives in your story.

■ Be able to solve small puzzles.

■ Be able to properly hold a pen and pencil in your hand.

■ Be able to carefully outline the drawing along the contour, paint over it.

Do not be afraid if the preparation for the child's school began not at the age of three, but at the age of five. You will have time to give him all the necessary knowledge. But if the child is already 6 years old and next year to go to the first grade, then be sure to identify the child for preparatory courses. Well, if these are courses at the school where you are going to send your child. The training program will be adequate to the first class program. The main thing is to do everything homework, as if you are already in the first grade and follow all the requirements of the teacher.

You can fully prepare your child for school by choosing the right method.

What are the good preparatory courses held at the school itself:

■ The child gets used to school, adapts to new conditions for him.

■ Getting used to school requirements.

■ Communication with peers (this is especially good if the child did not go to kindergarten).

■ Courses will fill in the knowledge that the child lacks.

Parents of future first graders will find answers to the following questions:

What does the concept of “child readiness for school” mean?

What should a child know and be able to enter the school.

How to prepare your child for school.

Do I need to teach my child to read before starting school?

With the help of the proposed test “Is the child ready to go to school”, parents will be able to determine the level of school readiness of their child. The content of the questions that you answered in the negative will tell you the topics for further studies with the future student.

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How to prepare your child for school?

Previously, a child with a certain amount of knowledge was considered ready for school. Now psychologists and educators say that knowledge is not a goal, but a means of a child's development.

The main thing is not knowledge itself, but the ability to use it, independently obtain it, analyze it.

That's why The most important element in preparing a child for school is the formation of the ability to learn.Teach your child to consciously subordinate their actions general rule(for example, read a book while sitting, keeping a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes to the book), listen carefully to the speaker and accurately complete this task, show independence, initiative, and creativity in any kind of activity.

Expand and deepen your child's understanding of the world.If you do not dismiss the questions that arise in the child, do not fence him off from the surrounding adult life, preparation for school will go naturally and without tension.

Develop the oral speech of the future student.Read children's literature to your child as often as possible; talk with him about the works you read; more often ask your child to retell a fairy tale he just heard or tell about what he saw interesting during a walk.

Turn everyday requests into developmental tasks more often. For example, for a better orientation of a child in space, the following tasks are effective:

— Give me, please, a cup, which is to the right of the plate.

— Find the third book on the top shelf, counting from right to left.

— Say what is in the room behind the chest of drawers, between the chair and the sofa, behind the TV.

Develop fine motor skillsusing modeling, drawing, shading, designing from various parts

lei. The better the hand is developed, the easier it is for the child to learn to write, the faster his intellect develops.

Teach the future first grader to the school regime- Go to bed early and wake up early. Instill in him the habit of observing elementary sanitary and hygienic skills: use a public toilet; wash hands before eating, etc. Teach him to dress himself, fold his things neatly, and keep order.

Educate a child positive attitude for school. Try to create a "romantic atmosphere" around school life, where there will be new friends, a wise teacher and a whole set of new impressions and emotions.

Never bully your child with school:“Here you go to school, they will quickly bring you up!”

To make the child feel that he is entering a new phase of life, radically change his life: rearrange the child’s room, come up with new household chores for him, etc.

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Should children be taught to read before starting school?

NECESSARY! The earlier a child begins to read, the more he likes to do it and the better he copes with reading.

Scientists give a number of reasons why a child should be taught to read, starting not even from preschool age, but from early childhood:

1. Children are hyperactive, inquisitive. If a child of 3-7 years old is given the opportunity to quench his thirst for knowledge, hyperactivity will decrease, which will protect him from injury and allow him to study the world around him more successfully.

2. Almost all children aged “two to five” have unique abilities including the ability to absorb knowledge. Everyone knows the ease with which young children memorize new and sometimes even incomprehensible information.

3. Having learned to read at an early age, the child will be able to master much more information,than those of his peers who were deprived of such an opportunity. If he learned to read early, then in the 1st grade he will be able to do the material that is usually given to children aged 8-12.

4. Children who learn to read early have a much better ability to understand.By the time they enter school, they no longer read by syllables, not understanding the meaning of what they read, but expressively, in whole words.

5. The child who learned to read early loves to read.Many parents think that children who can already read will be bored in 1st grade. To say that the more children know, the more bored they will be, is the same as to say that children who know nothing will be interested in everything and forget about boredom. If the class is not interesting, then everyone will be bored. If it is interesting, then only those who are not able to understand anything will get bored.

And one more curious fact: when a child is taught to read at home, success is one hundred percent, regardless of the method used.

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Test "Is the child ready to go to school?"

School psychologists have developed special methods to determine the level of readiness of the child for school.

Try to answer ("yes" or "no") to the questions of this test. It will help you understand if your child is ready for school.

1. Is your child able to do something on his own that requires 25-30 minutes of concentration (like jigsaw puzzles)?

2. Does your child say that he wants to go to school because there he will learn a lot of new and interesting things, will find new friends?

3. Can your child independently compose a story from the picture, including at least 5 sentences?

4. Does your child know a few poems by heart?

5. Is it true that your child behaves at ease in the presence of strangers, is not shy?

6. Does your child know how to change a noun by numbers (for example: frame - frames, ear - ears, man - people, child - children)!

9. Can your child solve addition and subtraction problems within ten?

10. Can your child solve problems for finding the sum or difference (for example: “There are 3 apples and 2 pears in a vase. How many fruits are in the vase?”; “There were 10 sweets in the vase. 3 sweets were eaten. How much is left?”)?

11. Can your child repeat the sentence exactly (for example:"Bunny, jump on a stump!")?

12. Does your child like to color pictures, draw, sculpt from plasticine?

13. Does your child know how to use scissors and glue (for example, to make an application)?

14. Can your child generalize concepts (for example, name in one word (namely: furniture) table, sofa, chair, armchair)?

15. Can your child compare two objects, that is, name the similarities and differences between them (for example, a pen and a pencil, a tree and a bush)?

16. Does your child know the names of the seasons, months, days of the week, their sequence?

17. Can your child understand and follow verbal instructions accurately?

Evaluation of the result.

15 - 17 questions, you can assume thatyour child is quite ready for school.You did not study with him in vain, and school difficulties, if they arise, will be easily overcome.

If you answered yes to 10 - 14 questions, so your child has learned a lot.The content of the questions to which you answered in the negative will tell you the topics for further studies.

If you answered yes to9 (or less) questions,so you should, firstly,read special literature Secondly, try to devote more time to activities with the child, third, seek help from specialists.

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What should a child know and be able to enter school?

We offer an approximate list of knowledge and skills of the future first grader.

The child must know:

Your name, patronymic, surname;

Your age and date of birth;

Your home address and phone number;

The name of your city, its main attractions;

The name of the country in which he lives;

Surnames, names, patronymics of parents, their professions;

Names of the seasons and months (their sequence, the main signs of each season, riddles and poems about the seasons);

Names of domestic animals and their cubs;

Names of some wild animals and their cubs;

Names of wintering and migratory birds;

Names of vegetables, fruits and berries;

Names of means of transport: land, water, air.

The child must be able to:

Distinguish between clothing, shoes and hats;

Retell Russian folk tales;

Distinguish and correctly name planar geometric shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval;

Freely navigate in space and on a sheet of paper (right-left side, top-bottom, etc.);

Completely and consistently retell the listened or read story, compose (invent) a story from the picture;

Remember and name 6-10 objects, words;

Distinguish between vowels and consonants;

Divide words into syllables with the help of claps, steps, by the number of vowels;

Determine the number and sequence of sounds in words like poppy, house, whale;

It is good to use scissors (cut out strips, squares, circles, rectangles from paper, cut along the contour of the figure);

Own a pencil: draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler; - draw geometric shapes; carefully paint over, hatch, without going beyond the contours of objects;

listen carefully, without being distracted (30-35 minutes);

Maintain a straight, good posture, especially when sitting.

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What does the concept of “child readiness for school” mean?

Child psychologists identify several criteria for a child's readiness for school.

Physical readiness.Studying at school is associated with great physical and psychological stress. Filling out a child's medical record before entering school, you can easily navigate this issue and get advice from specialist doctors. If your child has serious health problems and you are recommended special forms of education or a special school, do not neglect the advice of doctors.

Intellectual readiness.It includes the knowledge base of the child, the presence of special skills and abilities (the ability to compare, generalize, reproduce a given sample; the development of fine motor skills; concentration of attention, etc.). Intellectual readiness is not only the ability to read and write, but also the development of speech (the ability to answer a question, ask a question, retell the text), the ability to reason and think logically.

social readiness.This is the child's need to communicate with peers and the ability to subordinate their behavior to the laws of children's groups, as well as the ability to play the role of a student in a situation of schooling.

Psychological readiness.From this point of view, a child is ready for schooling, whom the school attracts not only with its external side (a wonderful satchel, beautiful student uniform), but also with the opportunity to acquire new knowledge and skills. A school-ready child wants to learn, both because he wants to take a certain position in society that opens access to the world of adults, and because he has a cognitive need that he cannot satisfy at home.

Lyudmila Anatolyevna Kolesnikova
How to prepare your child for school

Materials for a meeting with parents of future first graders

again about how prepare the child for school.

Is it a bad, good bird is born,

She is destined to fly.

It won't happen to a human.

It is not enough to be born as a human

They still need to be!

There is a lot of meaning in this short poem by Eduard Asadov. To become a person means to be honest, kind, sympathetic. But that is how he should be raised.

The formation of a person begins from the first years of his life. It is formed by parents, educators, teachers. This is not an easy task, especially in this time of difficult change. are changing school programs and textbooks, the approach to teaching children is changing. Appear new type of school lyceums, gymnasiums. Now there is a lot of talk about the pedagogy of cooperation - the union of students, teachers and parents. Such cooperation is necessary immediately upon admission. child to school.

What should parents think about first when preparing their child? school?

About health. The health of a first-grader is that reserve, that reserve of strength, which largely determines the success of not only the first year of study, but also many years school marathon. Physical and mental condition child determine their readiness for school. Now doctors say that in modern conditions in school Only 20-25% of healthy children are enrolled, the rest already have various health disorders.

These children find it difficult to deal with school load, with the mode of employment. This primarily affects the nervous system. Therefore, in the time remaining until September 1, check the physical data of children, harden and strengthen them, consult a speech therapist, child psychologist, psychiatrist.

O preparing children for schoolexpress many different opinions: prepare child to school or not to teach something or not to teach. Many parents still believe that their business is to feed, clothe children and take care of their health, and they should develop and teach only in school. Meanwhile, it is known that child half is formed by the age of 4, and the most favorable period for the development of abilities is from 3 to 5 years. You miss something important and it is irretrievably lost. It is necessary to develop in children as early as possible not only memory, speech, logical thinking, attention, but also self-control of judgments and actions, own opinion. All this is laid in the family.

Communication between parents and children is home joint work, joint games, walks, watching and discussing films, TV shows, reading books. It often happens that poor students become students who are not enough up to schools read children's books and poems, rarely and uninterestingly answered endless children's "why". Such parents have children unprepared to start learning, and therefore from the very first days school life, feeling that they know and understand less than their classmates, they are embarrassed, do not raise their hands in the lesson, are embarrassed to answer the teacher's questions. And, of course, it is difficult for them to assimilate the teacher's explanations.

The source of psychological well-being in the family is the love of parents for their children. The child must know that someone loves him very, very much, and that you can go to this person both with joy and with sadness. Such relationships create a sense of security, peace of mind. Children who feel the love of their parents grow up healthier than their peers who are deprived of affection.

Children want to be like their parents, are proud of them, imitate them. Question:"Who do you want to become?",most often answer: "Like Dad", "Like Mom". Therefore, it is very important not to let your kids down. Are we, parents, always, in fact, an example of nobility, kindness, humanity?

Famous teacher, Amonashvili, writes: “We strictly ask from children. And if children could strictly demand from us that we faithfully fulfill our duty of education, then many special problems would be solved. Hooligans, ignoramuses grow out of kids because of our careless upbringing, because they cannot reason with adults - irresponsible educators.

Don't think you're bringing up baby only then when you talk to him, inspire him with something, teach him. you educate child with every action, with every word. But if the words of the parents disagree with their own actions, there can be no question of any upbringing.

Be patient, treat children in such a way that they feel happy. To kid it is important to study successfully, to feel smart, quick-witted and quick-witted. After all, success is a source of joy that inspires a child to new success. Feeling no sense of success the child loses faith in himself becomes indifferent. He has an inferiority complex.

Children, especially 6-8 years old, are unusually suggestible, they see themselves in the mirror of our words: "stupid", "ignoramus", "slut", "lazy person",yes, but add: forever you, you in general, you always. Our children will forgive us an offense, but this injustice will surely resonate with them in a few years.

More patience, respect even for ignorance, misunderstanding, disobedience child. After all, it is also not easy for him to grow, discover the world, get to know people, learn to love, be good. Indifference to children, inattention to them cannot be excused either by official employment or preoccupation with some other interests.

September 1. How many worries and hopes each family associates with the beginning of their child's studies. Parents want their the child studied well, willingly went to school. What attracts them? They got older. They are - pupils! Briefcase, school supplies, form, new friends, first teacher. They are all ready to learn. Every time we meet first graders on September 1, I ask them a question:

Children, who among you wants to study well?

Forest of hands. Each of them sincerely wants it.

But only a few days pass, and some children's eyes grow dim, in the lessons they fidget, yawn, impatiently waiting for the call.

Sitting at a desk for hours was not as interesting as expected. Already some of the first-graders at home told their parents:

I don't want to school. Letters don't work.

The parents are confused. What's the matter?

The child is not ready for school psychologically. Studying is work, daily and persistent. The student needs to be able to properly allocate his time, be able to listen to the teacher without losing attention, be able to communicate with other children, be able to be organized, disciplined. Don't let your son's or daughter's studies go by themselves, think together about what doesn't work, figure it out and help. Much will depend on your patience.

Parents prior to admission school should be set up like this child so that he understands that he schoolboy eager to learn everything. Be ready for school is means to be ready to learn everything. Preparing a child for school life is not so much like the preparations of a polar expedition, when everything must be foreseen, taken into account and stocked up, but rather the readiness of Robinson Crusoe for life in unusual conditions.

All educational preparing a child for schoolshould be subject to purpose.: the development of mental horizons. Dealing with child, take care that he thinks, proves, thinks, so that his mind develops and requires more and more food for thought.

Your child should be able to listen carefully to reading a children's book, retell what they read coherently, give complete answers to questions, guess riddles, be able to talk about their family, know colors, names of animals, plants, be able to classify objects, learn poetry and tongue twisters.

Parents are concerned about:

Yes! But do it skillfully. Get advice from a teacher first. kindergarten, teachers.

Some parents believe that if a child comes to school If he knows how to read, then he will be bored in the lessons, he gets used to idleness, begins to look arrogantly at classmates who read much worse. This is how people think, who have forgotten what the first year is. school life. And in the first months of school child never be bored: it literally falls on him new world relationships with adults and peers. School makes a small person find and master a new place in life, new forms of behavior, new duties, a new regime. Child may simply not have time to learn something. Most often it is reading that suffers. And as a result - unimportant grades, possible unpopularity among classmates, for whom school success for a long time becomes a measure of the human dignity of the student. And another loss. That precious stock of children's literature has not been read, which can only be truly tasted, experienced, absorbed into the soul only in childhood.

“You can live and be a happy person without mastering mathematics. But you can’t be happy without knowing how to read, without mastering the art of reading” - these are the words of the famous teacher V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

Let the child come to school being able to read. It will also be better because it is easier to learn to read at 4-5 years old than at 6-7 years old. Native speech has just been mastered. Words and sounds have not yet become child with something familiar not seen as breath. The flow of children's questions about words has not yet dried up, every day you can please your friends with a new story from the series "from 2 to 5". Why wait 6 years, when interest in the language will have to be artificially aroused.

Dating and work child with letters must be preceded by a pre-letter sound learning period. You have to start with child in the playroom, onomatopoeic action learned to extend, amplify individual sounds in words. For example:

Let's talk bee language like we're two bees.

"Let's be friends. Where do you live"

Then teach child highlight the first sound in words, look for similar sounds in other words.

Tell me, with what sound does the word MUHA begin - (M?

Is there (M) in the word HOUSE?

And in the word WALL?

What words can you name for the sound (M) - (car, mask, motor, shop). Can send child to a toy store.

To teach not to confuse sounds and letters, vowels and consonants, and only then, when the child has firmly mastered the sound composition of words, can they be introduced to the letters.

The biggest difficulties, which cause a lot of grief, are writing lessons. You need to learn a lot of new things every time, but your hands are still weak, they don’t obey, and how can you manage to master writing 300 elements in 4-5 months. Now that your the child is not yet 6 years old, make every effort to develop, strengthen the children's hand and fingers, make them dexterous, obedient. Drawing, modeling, constructor, mosaic, stringing beads on wire, beads, embroidery, burning, knitting - all these are exercises for preparing a child's hand for writing. Ask children to color various coloring pages not just to color, but to hatch. Shade the picture from left to right, top to bottom. When performing such exercises, the eye, small muscles of the fingers develop.

No need to put a pen in a clumsy hand early and put the baby down for prescription. Unprepared fingers will bring out such curves that both you and your student will become discouraged and will be dissatisfied with each other and with joint efforts over a sheet of paper. There is no need to undermine the future first-grader's faith in success in such a prestigious school business like a letter.

Level speech development help to create tasks of this type:

The children went to the river. Valya was fishing, and Zhenya was sunbathing. How many boys and girls were on the beach?

Valya and Sasha were catching butterflies. Are these boys or girls?

Petya went to the cinema after finishing the book. What did he do before, read a book or watched a movie?

Two mothers bought 4 Panama hats. One mother bought a white panama, and the other bought pink ones. How many panama hats did each mother buy?

If a child 5-6 years old easily answers such questions, then according to the level of speech development, he is ready for schooling. If your baby is not yet able to cope with such tasks, then often come up with similar speech tasks for him.

Such tasks also help to develop logical thinking, teach to draw conclusions.

If the river is wider than the stream, then the stream is ... narrower than the river

If brother older sister so sister...

A pine is higher than a spruce, so a spruce ...

It is also necessary to introduce child with concepts: right, left, top, bottom, middle, first, second, last, teach children to compare objects, find similarities and differences in them. Children should be able to compare the number of objects: more, less, the same, firmly know the composition of numbers. This will help in the formation of computational skills.

Cooking child to school, You must monitor compliance with the regime of the day. During the year, some children are constantly late, yawn at the first lessons, and do not work. Children should get up at a certain time, do exercises, be sure to have breakfast, 10 minutes before the start of classes, be in school. At child there should be certain hours for doing homework, enough time he should stay in the fresh air. And be sure to go to bed on time so that you can rest well at night.

Let school Your children's years will become the GOLDEN TIME in their lives. After all school is not only study, it is a world of communication, joy, experiences, a world of beauty, games, fairy tales, a world of fantasy and creativity.

If the baby will soon become a first grader, then the first task of parents is to make the beginning of school life as easy as possible. The willingness of the children to learn allows you to predict their future success. Will the parents be able to prepare the child for school on their own or should they be sent to preparatory courses? According to experts, if parents know how to prepare a child for school, then this can be done at home. The main thing to remember is that the essence of the preparatory lessons is the development of the necessary skills, abilities, and qualities. Of particular importance is the psychological maturity of children, since the assimilation and practical application educational information only possible with the right mindset. The surrounding adults should help the preschooler to psychologically rebuild.

Do you need to get ready for school?

7 years is the age at which most children start school. The development of educational programs takes into account the characteristics of this age, tasks require the ability of children to perform certain actions. Many parents ask why special preparation is needed. They argue that if the learning process is properly designed, it is enough to start studying the sciences in the first grade. Experts argue that reaching the age set for study does not guarantee successful education. Schoolwork requires a certain outlook, it is necessary to practice the application of existing knowledge. The lack of relevant knowledge and skills will become a hindrance even for a smart first grader. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare for school correctly and in a timely manner.

The main objectives of the preparatory classes are:

Transfer to the child sufficient "baggage" of knowledge.
Developing the ability to work in new conditions.

What should a future first grader be able to do?

Many children have a hard time getting started. Parents see this while doing homework with their children. The proposed tasks seem too complex, the burden is unnecessary. To make the school a place interesting activities, basic skills are required to successfully learn. It is desirable for a future first grader to have:

counting skills up to 10 and back;
knowledge of numbers
the ability to perform simple operations of addition, subtraction, comparison;
skills in solving problems for orientation in space;
the ability to calculate patterns;
the skill of copying images;
knowledge of printed letters;
the ability to read texts;
the ability to highlight the main thing in the text, to retell it.

All of the above provides the child with the opportunity to quickly understand the essence of the school assignment. When the algorithm is clear, the work is done calmly, confidently. It is important to lay the appropriate foundation - execution with repetition typical tasks fixing the material. These requirements are considered to be the criteria for the basic readiness of the baby for school life.

But! The presence of training skills and abilities is not the only condition for successful work. Special preparation for school is required, which includes several types of readiness.

Pedagogical readiness

The level of readiness is revealed by testing preschoolers. Tasks allow you to determine the boundaries of the knowledge of the future student, difficulties are identified. Usually six-year-olds are asked a series of questions. Children should know:

last name, first name, birthday;
name and patronymic of parents;
home address;
the names of the seasons;
names of the days of the week;
names of various categories of items (dishes, furniture, etc.)

Important! It is better to know in advance what questions are included in the test in order to prepare the child for school on their own.

High indicators of pedagogical readiness look promising for a preschool child, but you should not rely on them completely. Often, seven-year-olds, who demonstrate extensive knowledge in various areas of life, find it difficult when faced with a first-class program. On the contrary, children prepared for school are able to be among the best by the end of the school year.

The main reason is the degree of psychological readiness. How to prepare a child for school in terms of psychology?

What is included in psychological readiness

Parents are often disappointed. The child has recently expressed a strong desire to attend school. Having become a schoolboy, the child does not want to hear about the lessons. Every morning - tears. The answer is the lack of psychological maturity that creates the required motivation. All babies are attracted to any attributes of an "adult" position. For first-graders, this is a satchel, a uniform, textbooks. Indicators of the new status obscure the main thing - you will have to rebuild your lifestyle.

To understand how children are able to accept a new way of life, they assess the degree of psychological readiness. It can be briefly described as follows: the student's ability to master the sciences in the right mode, pace and volume. It is worth disassembling the individual components of the system.

1. Intellectual readiness

Seven-year-old children accumulate certain experience that allows them to analyze facts and draw conclusions. Objects are evaluated, compared, classified. The reasoning of preschoolers can be funny, but the manifestations of children's thoughts, feelings, emotions are age-appropriate. But analytical skills should be developed in special exercises, tasks.

Important! Preparation for school involves tasks when they are taught to separate the main from the secondary:

For solutions math problems a quick reading of the conditions is necessary. The text is comprehended, the main thing stands out. Understanding the question is a condition for obtaining the correct result.
From the information transmitted by the teacher, the main thing should be perceived. Therefore, an important condition for successful study is a broad outlook, giving the desire to acquire new knowledge. Equally interesting are the solution of mathematical problems, reading fairy tales, compiling stories.

2. Volitional readiness

In order to properly prepare a child for school, you need to understand that the interaction of a student with a teacher implies mandatory compliance with the requirements and rules. Discipline is an essential factor in a stable school life.

An example is a frequently occurring situation: the teacher gives the children an assignment, then leaves the class. Some of the guys diligently fulfill it. The rest quit their classes, starting to play pranks, indulge. Volitional readiness to learn is manifested by the presence of motivation (an impulse to study), responsibility for the work performed. Parents should think carefully about how to prepare their child for school at home in this regard.

3. Personal readiness

To studying proccess bear fruit, the student must be aware of the "alignment of forces." The student needs to understand, correctly assess his own position, the status of the teacher, the position of other children in order to exclude inappropriate behavior. It is important to teach your child to communicate with adults and peers.

Forms of preparatory classes

Parents often ask the question: in what form should preparation for school take place? Experts give the following advice to parents of future first graders.

Important! Developing classes can be held at any age. The recommended period of basic training is one year, the optimal age is six years. Earlier training is best done without an emphasis on strict requirements, it is recommended to use game forms.

Note! Classes should be perceived easily, excluding the feeling of monotony, boredom, forced labor.

Classes with preschoolers allow the use of different formats. The following options are possible: to prepare a child on your own or entrust the work to an experienced teacher. The choice of the form of training is determined by family circumstances, the characteristics of the child's character. Teachers work on the basis school courses, children's educational centers, private practice.

School teacher training is very popular among parents. The main reasons for the demand:

The six-year-old gets used to the school atmosphere, discipline, rules.
Classes strictly comply with the requirements of this educational institution.
It is possible to get to know the teacher in advance.
The preschooler feels more calm, confident, starting to study later.

Cons of such proposals:

Courses exclude an individual approach.
School classes are quite monotonous, tiring.
After attending courses, children often complain that they are tired of school.
Services are overpriced.

Definitely worth considering psychological features child. A naughty, fidgety school environment will be useful. The strict requirements of the teacher will become a limiter. For an emotional, anxious baby, it is better to consider alternative options. Then the process will be softer, gradual.

It is advisable to inquire about the character and professional qualities of the teacher before starting the course.

Educational centers

Many children's centers offer training services for future first graders. This form of training is also in demand. The advantages of such classes are small groups with an individual approach to children. Parents are usually asked to choose a convenient time for classes.

When choosing classes in a private center, you should clarify the program, sections of the plan in advance. Great importance has a reputation as an institution in the parent environment. After all, the quality preparatory classes directly affects the level of children prepared for school.

Tutor

Individual classes are chosen by many mothers, wanting to provide the child with maximum attention. This approach positively colors learning.

The downside is the lack of a children's team. Studying in a group, the guys get used to listening to someone else's answer, to accept someone else's opinion. The group helps develop respect. A good skill is the distribution of roles, work together. Individual training excludes the possibility of such interaction.

Home preparation for school (tasks)

You can prepare your child for school on your own. Psychologists give the following advice to parents of future first graders:

find out which program is available elementary grades schools;
purchase the necessary benefits;
draw up a detailed exercise plan with the help of recommendations from specialists.

Homeschooling Methodology

The technique usually does not cause difficulties. It's easy to buy workbooks designed for specific programs. The suggested exercises are sufficient. So that the fulfillment of the tasks set does not become boring, it is better to supplement the blocks with game components.

It is also easy to choose the exercises yourself. In any case, it is advisable to create your own curriculum.

Writing elements of letters, numbers. Convenient to use study guides, ready-made recipes. A good help will be the image of patterns, ornaments.
Solving mathematical problems, examples. You don't have to use the textbook. Game techniques, images of objects are allowed.
Execution of graphic tasks. The use of school notebooks involves the ability to count cells, lines, retreat the required amount. When developing skills, it is useful to use graphic dictations. An adult dictates, indicating the direction with the number of cells, the child depicts.
A good option would be to draw symmetrical pictures. The cells of the notebook sheet are used again. One half of the drawing is ready, you need to draw a mirror image next to it to get a whole picture.
Another recommended task is the passage of the depicted labyrinth.
Solving logical problems. The complex includes the use geometric shapes. It is proposed to classify objects by color, size, shape, number of sides, angles. It is also good to include various tasks that develop ingenuity and ingenuity.

Reading. Children should be offered small texts without incomprehensible words. It is desirable that the content be interesting, unusual, exciting. Reading is proposed to retell. An important point is the expression of the main idea of the plot.
The development of speech. An excellent exercise is various variations of the word game. It will be useful to memorize verses. Repeated repetition of a rhymed text by adults imperceptibly "starts" memorization mechanisms. Another good task is to compose a story using the given words.
Expanding horizons. Educational programs elementary school include the subject The world". It would be nice to explain in advance to the preschooler the basics of the structure of nature and society.

Important! The development of fine motor skills is deservedly paid so much attention - it becomes easier for children to write, the hand moves more freely. Modeling, drawing, weaving, sand compositions are usually recommended.

How to teach at home

Lessons with children are close to school classes and can be complex, include tasks related to different disciplines and directions. It is allowed to study one subject each time, changing the forms of education. The main indicator is the quality of perception of information.

When studying at home, it is easy to use unusual formats. For example, a good option is to study while walking. It is more interesting to solve examples by writing numbers with chalk on the pavement. Task conditions may include surrounding objects.

Can be used:

puzzles:
1. Titmouse birds sat in a row and said words (letters);
2. Cunning little brothers live in a smart book. Ten of them, but these brothers will count everything in the world (numbers);
tongue twisters and rhymes:
1. There is grass in the yard, firewood on the grass: one - firewood, two firewood, three firewood ...
2. A quail and a quail have five quails;
songs: ("Write different letters with a thin feather in a notebook
They teach at school, they teach at school, they teach at school.
Subtract and multiply, don't offend kids...");
fairy tales (you can come up with your own based on folk tales);
puzzles ("Wolf, goat and cabbage", "Name five days without naming numbers and names of days").

The frequency of lessons is a serious matter. You will achieve noticeable results with regular exercise.

It is necessary to teach a six-year-old to complete tasks on time. Lessons are best done during the day. Evening is a bad time for solving examples. To a tired child, elementary tasks seem incomprehensible. Interest in learning, of course, also does not arise.

Going to bed is also desirable to make timely. Then the morning awakening will not become painful, painful. When the baby has had enough sleep, he is full of energy, it is easier to work on tasks.

Important! The time to complete the tasks should be chosen based on other activities during the day. bad if home lesson will begin immediately after visiting a music school or swimming pool. Fatigue slows down thought processes, so the result is unlikely to please.

Any lesson taught should include independent work and exercise under adult supervision. The new kind activities always require additional support, explanations of the material.

Part of the tasks must be completed within the time frame. For example, you have ten minutes to solve a problem. Such an approach will teach you not to waste time, doing the work rationally. Just do not create a tense atmosphere, constantly reminding you of the time. It is enough to evaluate the result by drawing the attention of the preschooler to compliance with the conditions.

When preparing a child for first grade, moms and dads should assess their own level of anxiety. The tension of adults is inevitably transferred to the guys, not allowing them to feel confident.
Small victories require recognition, small failures ask for help. The feeling that parents are nearby, ready to help, is worth a lot. Do not painfully perceive crooked letters, incorrectly made calculations, stuttering reading. Constant criticism is the cause of insecurity. The source of motivation is support. A friendly attitude, approving statements can work wonders.
Although readiness for educational process is assessed at the beginning of studies, it really manifests itself only after the first half of the year. Sometimes kids need time to show their potential. Parents need patience. Studying can become an interesting joint activity.
A sense of inner comfort is an important condition for any successful activity. If the future student is calm, teaching is always easier. The type of occupation must be selected based on this criterion.

Most school psychologists put forward four criteria for readiness to learn:

Personal - developed if educational institution attracts not only the opportunity to see friends every day, new beautiful notebooks and pens, but also the desire to learn something new, to become smarter.
Intellectual is both competent, coherent speech, and the ability to listen to a teacher, and the presence of certain knowledge and horizons.
Socio-psychological - includes the ability to communicate, the ability to focus on the lesson.
Physiological - the absence of developmental disabilities, physical health and psychological stability.

Children who attend kindergarten have an easier time going through the first time of study than those at home. This is due to the fact that from the age of three and a half, educators begin to teach them basic things, and by the first grade, kindergarteners have a certain amount of knowledge.

If parents are engaged with the future student on their own, there is nothing to worry about. The gradual development of the skills necessary for learning at the initial stage will allow your son or daughter not only to feel confident among other children, but also help to develop an interest in learning.

Tips on how to prepare your child for school

The tasks offered by the school psychologist during the consultation will help to understand at what level of development the child is. This is a mandatory stage, for the successful completion of which you need to deal with the child for a long time.

Learning activities

Moms and dads should remember: your baby may not be able to do something. Do not load the young head too much. The school is designed to tell the child about a huge number of things, broaden his horizons, teach him to live and work in a team.

However, there is a set of basic knowledge that a first grader must possess:

Full names, own and parents.
Address. Country, city, street and house in which he lives.
Famous plants, animals and birds. The kid must distinguish between popular plants and animals, distinguish a cactus from a camomile, a fox from a tiger. A person who checks readiness for school may ask if there are pets at home, ask to talk about a cat, dog, parrot. He can also find out which animal or plant the examinee likes the most, ask why.
Time. It is desirable that the first grader knows how to handle the clock. The main thing is that he distinguishes day from night, evening from morning. One of the options for the task: "Arrange the pictures in the correct order." Most often, they depict the mode of the day.
Geometric figures. Before entering school, most children know how to cut a circle, a triangle, a square. In addition, they are required to correlate objects in shape: the roof of the house looks like a triangle, and the house itself looks like a square.
Colors. Boys and girls in preschool age teach not only the basic shades, but the number of colors in the rainbow, the order of their arrangement. Parents need to teach their child to draw elementary pictures, to choose the right colors for the image: the sun is yellow, the grass is green, and the bunny is white.
Numbers. It is not necessary to teach the rules of subtraction and addition, this will be done by the teacher. Learn to count from 1 to 20 and vice versa.
Seasons, months, days of the week. In preparation, children should not only name them, but also know the number, and arrange them in the correct order.
Popular holidays. The psychologist may ask which one is the favorite. The kid must answer and tell why he chose this option.
The structure of the human body. Drawing a person is a frequent task when entering school.
Distinguish between living and non-living.

Elementary rules of the road: "You must not cross the road on red", "You must not cross the railroad tracks." In a playful way, a school worker can test this knowledge. For example, specifying who is right, a bunny that is waiting for a green one or a squirrel that runs in front of a moving car.
Reading in syllables. If your child does not know how to read, it is not scary - they will teach you at school. However, this skill will greatly facilitate his learning in the future, and all other subjects will be given easier.
Retelling. The development of speech skills is one of the main tasks when entering the first grade. At the beginning of the school year, the child must understand the meaning of short stories, build sentences in a logical chain.
Memory. Several pictures are placed in front of the preschooler, he looks at them for a while, then they are turned over. The more details he remembers, the better. It is necessary to reproduce the plot and tell what is depicted there.

School psychologists often give the task of identifying the superfluous. There are a large number of entertaining manuals on which you can work out this skill, but classes can also be carried out using improvised means.

For example, ask your toddler to choose what to remove by offering him some fruits and one vegetable.

Behavior in society

Parents of a young student should think not only about academic performance, but also about how to help him join the class team. We offer recommendations that will help you understand how to quickly prepare your child for school over the summer.

Develop in it:

Independence. Teach your child to dress themselves and tie their shoelaces, to watch their appearance and change into a sports uniform before physical education. You can show that he is an adult, equal, but this status has not only privileges, but also responsibilities. No need to collect a portfolio for him, better check when the job is already done. The same goes for homework: try to convey in a soft way that keeping a school diary is his business. But do not go too far in this matter. Remember that first of all, the baby should feel your love and support. Let him feel that he has a reliable rear, where he can come with any problem, both life and study.

perseverance. It is difficult for little ones to readjust after the unemployed years of childhood, and the time of a standard lesson seems like an eternity to them. When you work with your son or daughter, help them get used to doing the activity for a while, gradually increasing the load. We recommend starting with 15 minutes, and by the beginning of the school year, increase the time to half an hour.
Friendliness. Tell us why you can’t fight with classmates and call them names, but don’t forget to add that you need to be able to stand up for yourself. Explain that snitching is bad. At the same time, try to convey that in some situations it is necessary to tell adults about what happened. For example, if someone tortures animals or offends the weak.
Politeness. Teach your son or daughter the formulas of etiquette communication. Remind that when meeting with any person you need to say “hello”, and when saying goodbye, explain about “thank you” and “please”.

A very important point for which you must set your child up is cultural behavior during breaks. He should know that at school you can’t run along the corridors, scream, climb furniture with your feet.

Practitioners working with preschoolers offer several recommendations for those who have a future first grader:

Don't compromise the teacher. Even if you do not agree with him on some issues, express your dissatisfaction in a personal conversation, and not to your son or daughter. If you feel that due to youth, inexperience, or other factors, the teacher is not coping with the duties assigned to him, try to help him. For example, suggest that the parent committee take some of the social burden off the teachers' shoulders. Psychologists say that junior and middle school age- this is the time to search for a new authority, in addition to the parent. The middle link looks for it in peers, and the younger one looks for it in the teacher. Therefore, it is very important for moms and dads not to undermine this authority, but to support it in every possible way. Disappointment in an elementary school teacher can greatly shake the personality structure.

Talk to children. Be sure to ask how each school day went. Please note that the conversation should not be limited to listing the ratings received and discussing the dining room menu. Ask what you liked in the lessons and what you didn’t, what you remember and what interested you. If you have no time, it is better to postpone the conversation for the evening or choose another free time, but do not interrupt it in mid-sentence. Children talk about what seems important to them, so the ability to listen and hear your baby is necessary for every adult. In adolescence, parents begin to repeat in a voice: "He / she does not tell us anything, brushes aside all questions." Closeness and distrust of adults develop in schoolchildren in the first years of study if they feel that mom and dad do not have time for their problems and experiences. To prevent this from happening in your family, remember that a child will trust you with secrets only if he sees an interest in them.
Do not evaluate learning activities. Leave it to the teachers. You should help and support the young student, and not take on the role of overseer. If the child does not cope with some subject, start studying with him, and do not scold him for bad grades.
Let rest. Even if academic performance leaves much to be desired, do not force the "Losers" to study all day. Distribute the time so that it is enough for completing the main lessons, and for additional exercises, and for the boy to play football in the yard, and the girl to jump in the classics or ride a bicycle. Focus on active, outdoor games that take place in the fresh air. They unload consciousness, free it to receive new knowledge. But computer shooters and watching cartoons can be reduced until the grades return to normal.
Don't read textbooks ahead of time. No need to go through the annual material for the summer with the future first grader. He will become bored in the classroom, and interest in learning will disappear. If the material is given to your child very easily, consult with class teachers. In schools, there are several programs of varying complexity: if necessary, an increase in the level is possible.

Be mindful of temperament. When choosing a school, pay attention to the type of nervous system of the person who is going to study there. Cholerics are active and restless, they take criticism hard. Programs are suitable for them and for sanguine people increased complexity. A wide variety of tasks will not only keep their attention on their studies, but will also contribute to increasing interest in school life. For phlegmatic and melancholy people, the fast pace of the lesson will be a difficult test. They are included in the work gradually, they think for a long time on one task. Choose for them a regular school, with standard requirements or a bias in one area.
Learn by playing. Determine the subject that the little student likes the most and expand his horizons in this area, use game techniques. If he shows interest in the world around him, go to parks, zoos, aquariums together, read more books about animals. If he likes math, count steps, people on the street, steps to the store or to school. If he is interested in stories about the events of the past, make a family tree together, ask grandparents to tell you something, and the Genealogy House will help you get unique information about your family.

When preparing a child for school, listen to psychologists and teachers, read the methodological and popular science literature on this topic, ask for advice from friends who have already passed this stage, but do not try to blindly imitate all the recommendations.

You know your child like no one else, you understand his weaknesses and strengths. Only you can find the right approach to homeschooling him and understand how best to prepare him. Listen to your heart, but do not forget about the advice of experts.