Soviet-German relations (beginning of June 1941). TASS report of June 13, 1941 While awaiting negotiations with Germany, the Soviet leadership nevertheless took steps to prepare to repel a possible attack. However, at the diplomatic level, in relations between the USSR and

RESULTS OF MILITARY ACTIONS OF THE USSR NAVY FOR THE PERIOD FROM JUNE 22, 1941 TO JULY 22, 1944 From the first days of the Patriotic War, the Navy of the Soviet Union has been waging a successful struggle against the Nazi invaders. Soviet sailors inflicted a number of heavy

This day will remain in the memory of our people not as an ordinary day of summer, but as the day of the beginning of the most terrible and bloody war in the history of the country and in world history.
Real photos of June 1941.

3. Hero of the defense of the Brest Fortress, commander of the 44th rifle regiment Major Petr Mikhailovich Gavrilov of the 42nd Rifle Division (1900 - 1979).

P.M. Gavrilov from June 22 to July 23, 1941 led the defense of the Eastern Fort of the Brest Fortress. He managed to rally around him all the surviving fighters and commanders of various units and subunits, close the most vulnerable places for the enemy to break through. Until June 30, the fort's garrison offered organized resistance, steadfastly repelling countless enemy attacks and preventing it from breaking into the fort. After the enemy used high-powered air bombs and destroyed part of the fort's buildings, the Germans managed to break into the fort and capture most of its defenders.

From the beginning of July, Major Gavrilov, with the surviving soldiers, switched to the tactics of sudden sorties and attacks on the enemy. On July 23, 1941, he was seriously wounded by a shell explosion in the casemate and was captured in an unconscious state. He spent the war years in the Nazi concentration camps of Hammelburg and Revensburg, having experienced all the horrors of captivity. Released by Soviet troops in May 1945 in the Mauthausen concentration camp. Passed a special check and was restored to military rank. But at the same time, he was expelled from the party due to the loss of his party card and being in captivity, which played a negative role in his future fate. From the autumn of 1945 - chief Soviet camp for Japanese prisoners of war in Siberia at the construction site railway Abakan-Taishet. In June 1946 he was transferred to the reserve.

In 1955, he finally found a wife and son, with whom he parted under the bombs in the first hour of the war. In 1956, a book by S.S. Smirnov "Brest Fortress", based on factual material. This event had a favorable effect on the fate of Gavrilov. He was reinstated in the party and he was introduced to the highest award countries.

On January 30, 1957, for the exemplary performance of military duty during the defense of the Brest Fortress in 1941 and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Gavrilov Pyotr Mikhailovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star».

5. The city of Molotovsk at the hour of the declaration of war. Location: Molotovsk. Shooting time: 06/22/1941.

View of the Belomorsky Prospekt of Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk Region) at the time of the declaration of war. In the distance, a crowd of people can be seen in front of the city's House of Soviets, where the first volunteers were enrolled. The photo was taken from house number 17 of Belomorsky Prospekt.

On Sunday morning, June 22, 1941, a Komsomol-youth cross was held in Molotovsk. At noon, V. Molotov made a speech in which he officially announced the treacherous German attack. The performance was repeated several times. Some time later, the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR were issued, declaring the mobilization of those liable for military service born in 1905-1918 in the Arkhangelsk military district and introducing martial law in the Arkhangelsk region. By evening, a mobilization point was deployed in Molotovsk. During the first three days of its work, in addition to those liable for military service, 318 volunteers arrived.

The city was founded just five years before the start of the war, but its contribution to the overall Victory was significant. Over 14 thousand Molotovites went to the front, over 3.5 thousand died on the battlefields. The 296th reserve ski regiment, the 13th separate ski brigade, and the 169th cadet rifle brigade were formed in the city. Port operated in Molotovsk strategic purpose to receive Lend-Lease convoys. In the city, 741 thousand rubles were collected for the Arkhangelsk Collective Farmer tank column, 150 thousand rubles for the Molotov Rabochiy air squadron, 3350 thousand rubles for two cash and clothing lotteries, a loan was implemented for 17 thousand rubles, by February 1942 1740 thousand rubles were collected in cash and 2,600,000 bonds to the defense fund. By October 1, 1941, 9920 things were received from Molotovites to be sent to the front, sending gifts to the soldiers of the Red Army was massive. The city has three evacuation hospitals of the Karelian Front (No. 2522, 4870 and 4871). In the winter of 1942, a part of the staff of the Leningrad Lenin Komsomol Theater arrived in the city along the “road of life”, in total over 300 evacuees were received. Throughout the war, Molotov Plant No. 402 built large project 122A submarine hunters, completed the construction of M and C type submarines, repaired Soviet and foreign ships, fired 122,262 armor-piercing shells, 44,375 high-explosive bombs, 2,027 sets of sea trawls .

Source: Severodvinsk City Museum of Local Lore.

9. Senior nurse of the surgical department of the hospital of the Brest Fortress Praskovya Leontyevna Tkacheva with the wives and children of the commanders of the Red Army, surrounded by German soldiers. Shooting time: 06/25-26/1941.

11. Soviet amphibious tanks T-38, broken in the Brest Fortress. Location: Brest, Belarus, USSR. Shooting time: June-July 1941

On the front is a captive vehicle manufactured in 1937 with an armored hull and a turret manufactured by the Ordzhonikidze Podolsk plant. In the background is another T-38 tank. Tanks are located on the territory of the citadel next to the White Palace. It was also located there Combat vehicles 75th separate reconnaissance battalion of the 6th rifle division of the 28th rifle corps of the 4th army of the Western Front, whose armored car park was located on the shore at the fork of the Mukhavets River.

12. German firing points in the Brest Fortress. Shooting time: 06/22/1941

After the failure of the sudden capture of the Brest Fortress, the Germans had to dig in. The photo was taken on the North or South Island.

14. Enrollment of volunteers in the Red Army in the Oktyabrsky district military registration and enlistment office in Moscow. Duty officer of the Oktyabrsky district military registration and enlistment office P.N. Gromov reads the statement of the volunteer M.M. Grigoriev.

Location of shooting: Moscow. Shooting time: 06/23/1941.

16. Soviet light tank BT-7, destroyed on June 23, 1941 during the battle in the Alytus area. Location: Lithuania, USSR. Shooting time: June-July 1941.

Vehicle from the 5th Panzer Division of the 3rd Mechanized Corps of the 11th Army of the North-Western Front. In the background, lined german tank Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. E from the 7th Panzer Division of the 39th Motorized Corps of the 3rd Panzer Group of General Hoth.

19. Flight commander of the 145th Fighter Aviation Regiment Senior Lieutenant Viktor Petrovich Mironov (1918-1943) at the I-16 fighter.

V.P. Mironov in the Red Army since 1937. After graduating from the Borisoglebsky VAUL in 1939, he was sent to the 145th IAP. Member of the Soviet-Finnish war.

Member of the Great Patriotic War from the first days.
By September 1941, the flight commander of the 145th IAP, senior lieutenant Mironov, made 127 sorties, personally shot down 5 enemy aircraft in 25 air battles. Bombing and assault strikes caused great damage to enemy manpower and equipment.
On June 6, 1942 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Since November 1942 - as part of the 609th IAP, commander of the 2nd AE. Until February 1943, he made 356 sorties, shot down 10 enemy aircraft personally and 15 in a group.

20. Soldiers and commanders of the Red Army inspect the captured German tank Flammpanzer II. Shooting time: July-August 1941.

Soldiers and commanders of the Red Army inspect the captured Flammpanzer II flamethrower tank in the Western direction. On the fender is the installation of smoke grenade launchers. By June 22, 1941, the 100th and 101st flamethrower tank battalions of the Wehrmacht were equipped with Flammpanzer II flamethrower tanks.

22. Hero of the Soviet Union Senior Lieutenant Mikhail Petrovich Galkin (02/12/1917 - 07/21/1942).

Born at the Kochkar mine Chelyabinsk region, in a working class family. He graduated from the workers' faculty, worked as a locksmith. Since 1936 in the ranks of the Red Army. In 1937 he graduated from the Voroshilovgrad Military Aviation Pilot School. Member of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939 - 1940. Made 82 sorties. In May 1940 he was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

Since 1941, Lieutenant M.P. Galkin has been in the army. He fought on the Southern, Southwestern and Volkhov fronts. Until August 1941, he served in the 4th IAP, flying I-153 and I-16. In early August 1941, on the Crimean Isthmus, he was seriously wounded in one of the air battles. By August 1941, the commander of the 4th Fighter Aviation Regiment (20th Mixed Aviation Division, 9th Army, Southern Front), Lieutenant M.P. Galkin, made 58 sorties, conducted 18 air battles, shot down 5 enemy aircraft.

From February to July 1942 he fought in the 283rd IAP, where he flew the Yak-7. In January 1942 he was sent to Novosibirsk for instructor work. On March 27, 1942, for courage and military prowess shown in battles with enemies, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. From June 1942 he fought on the Volkhov Front in the 283rd IAP, where he flew the Yak-7. Won a few more victories.

On July 21, 1942, he died in an air battle in the Kirishi area. He was buried in a mass grave in the urban-type settlement of Budogoshch, Kirishsky District, Leningrad Region.
Awarded with orders: Lenin, Red Banner, Red Star. A street is named after him high school in the city of Plast, Chelyabinsk region. In the city of Plast, on the Alley of Heroes and the urban-type settlement of Budogoshch, a bust was erected.

23. Soviet heavy tank KV-2 from the 6th tank regiment of the 3rd tank division of the 1st mechanized corps of the North-Western Front, shot down on July 5, 1941 in the battle for the city of Ostrov. Location: Pskov region. Shooting time: June-August 1941.

Vehicle produced in June 1941, serial number B-4754. The surviving write-off certificates for the KV-2 tank No. 4754 stated the following: “The tank was hit - the caterpillar was killed, which fell off. The projectile pierced the side armor of the transmission and damaged the control rods and side clutches, the movement of the tank was impossible. Since the wrecked and burning tanks clogged the roadway of the bridge, the withdrawal was impossible due to the wrecked control of the tank and the caterpillars that fell down, and the tank was not able to turn around. The battalion commander gave the order to get out of the tank, while he himself remained in the vehicle to disable the tank. Further fate captain Rusanov is still not known, the rest of the crew returned to the unit. The battlefield was immediately occupied by the enemy and the evacuation of the remaining vehicle from the battlefield became impossible.

Tank crew: vehicle commander Captain Rusanov, driver Zhivoglyadov, gun commander Osipov, radio operator Volchkov, loader Khantsevich.

24. The commander of the 1st squadron of the 6th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force Mikhail Vasilyevich Avdeev (09/15/1913 - 06/22/1979) next to his Yak-1 fighter. Shooting time: 1942.

From June 1941 he took part in the battles of the Great Patriotic War. He fought throughout the war in the 8th Fighter Aviation Regiment, which in April 1942 was renamed the 6th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. At first he was deputy squadron commander, from January 1942 he became squadron commander, and from April 1943 to November 1944 he commanded a regiment. By June 1942, Mikhail Avdeev made more than three hundred sorties, shot down 9 enemy aircraft in 63 air battles, and also caused significant damage to enemy troops with assault strikes.

By Decree No. 858 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 14, 1942, for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism of the guards shown at the same time, Captain Avdeev Mikhail Vasilievich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star".

25. An abandoned Soviet tracked tractor STZ-5-NATI blown up in the forest. Behind the tractor is an abandoned heavy tank KV-2, issued in May - June 1941 from one of the tank divisions of the 7th mechanized corps of the Western Front.

Location: Belarus, USSR
Shooting time: summer 1941.

26. Squadron commander of the 788th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment Captain Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozlov (1917 - 2005).

In June-September 1941 N.A. Kozlov is the deputy commander of an air squadron of the 162nd Fighter Aviation Regiment. He fought on the Western (June 1941) and Bryansk (August-September 1941) fronts. Participated in defensive battles in Belarus and in the Bryansk direction. On September 24, 1941, a German Yu-88 bomber was shot down by a ramming attack from his MiG-3 fighter. During the ramming, he was seriously wounded in the left leg, landed by parachute. Until December 1941, he was treated in a hospital in the city of Ulyanovsk.

In February-July 1942 - deputy commander of an air squadron of the 439th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment, in July-September 1942 - commander of an air squadron of the 788th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment. Fought as part of the Stalingrad Air Defense Region (April-September 1942). Provided air cover for military facilities in the cities of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), participated in Battle of Stalingrad. On May 25, 1942, near the city of Morozovsk (Rostov Region), he made a second ramming, shooting down a German Yu-88 bomber. He made an emergency landing on his MiG-3 fighter and was slightly injured. He spent several days in a hospital in Stalingrad.

In October 1942 - September 1943 - commander of an air squadron of the 910th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment. He fought as part of the Voronezh-Borisoglebsk (October 1942 - June 1943) and Voronezh (June-July 1943) air defense regions, the Western Front of Air Defense (July-September 1943). Carried out air cover of railway junctions in Voronezh region, participated in the Battle of Kursk.

For courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 14, 1943, Captain Nikolai Alexandrovich Kozlov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

From August 1943 - commander of the 907th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment. He fought in the Western (August 1943 - April 1944) and Northern (April-October 1944) air defense fronts. He carried out air cover for front-line communications during the battle for the Dnieper, the liberation of the Right-Bank Ukraine, the Korsun-Shevchenko, Belorussian and Berlin operations.

In total, during the war he made 520 sorties on I-16, MiG-3, Yak-1, Yak-7B and La-5 fighters, in 127 air battles he shot down 19 personally and as part of a group of 3 enemy aircraft.

27. Soviet tanks KV-2 and T-34, stuck while crossing the Maidansky stream. Location: Lviv region, Ukraine. Shooting time: 06/25/1941.

A heavy tank KV-2 and a medium tank T-34 of the 1940 model with an L-11 cannon from, presumably, the 16th tank regiment of the 8th tank division of the 4th mechanized corps of the Red Army, stuck and then knocked out on June 23, 1941 during time to overcome the creek Maidan. Tanks were fighting near the village of Stary Maidan, Radekhovsky district, Lviv region of Ukraine.

28. German soldiers are considering a Soviet KV-2 tank stuck in the Maidansky stream. Location: Lviv region, Ukraine. Shooting time: 23-29.06.1941

Heavy tank KV-2 from, presumably, the 16th Tank Regiment of the 8th Tank Division of the 4th Mechanized Corps of the Red Army, stuck and then shot down on June 23, 1941 while crossing the Maidansky stream. Tanks were fighting near the village of Stary Maidan, Radekhovsky district, Lviv region of Ukraine. It can be seen that the car was under fire from anti-tank artillery.

29. Flight commander of the 2nd Guards Aviation Regiment of the Air Force of the Northern Fleet, Senior Lieutenant Vladimir Pavlovich Pokrovsky (1918 - 1998).

V.P. Pokrovsky participated in the Great Patriotic War from June 1941, first as part of the 72nd mixed, from October 1941 - as part of the 78th fighter regiment of the Northern Fleet, and then again the 72nd mixed (then 2nd guards mixed) air regiment. On December 26, 1942, while protecting an allied convoy, he shot down a German fighter, but he himself was shot down. He jumped out by parachute and was rescued from the waters of the Kola Bay by Allied sailors. By May 1943 V.P. Pokrovsky made 350 sorties, conducted 60 air battles, personally shot down 13 aircraft and 6 enemy aircraft in the group.

For the exemplary performance of command assignments on the front of the struggle against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 24, 1943, Captain Pokrovsky Vladimir Pavlovich was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

Since the summer of 1943 - the commander of a training squadron at the courses for commanders of the Air Force of the Navy.

30. A German soldier poses on a T-34 tank knocked out on a road near Dubno

Tank T-34 tank with a cannon L-11 issued in October 1940. Serial number 682-35. The tank belonged to the 12th Panzer Division of the 8th Mechanized Corps of the 26th Army of the Southwestern Front. Shot down in the Dubno area, possibly the southeastern entrance to Dubno. According to the inscription on the starboard side, the tank was hit by soldiers of the 111th Infantry Division and the Hermann Goering Regiment. Presumably, the tank was hit on June 29, 1941.

31. Soviet T-34 tank, shot down on the road near Dubno.

Soviet medium tank T-34 with an L-11 cannon, produced in October 1940, shot down near the road near the southeastern entrance to Dubno. The serial number of the tank is 682-35. The vehicle belonged to the 12th Panzer Division of the 8th Mechanized Corps of the 26th Army of the Southwestern Front. According to the autograph on the starboard side, the tank was shot down by soldiers of the 111th Infantry Division and the Hermann Goering Regiment. The tank may have been hit on 29 June 1941. In the background, on the right in the picture, a wrecked T-26 tank is visible. From this angle, another wrecked T-26 tank is visible. The same car from a different angle with the dead tanker.

32. A Soviet T-34 tank knocked out on the road and a dead Soviet tanker

A Soviet T-34 tank knocked out on the road and a dead Soviet tanker next to it. Tank T-34 tank with a cannon L-11 issued in October 1940. Serial number 682-35. The tank belonged to the 12th Panzer Division of the 8th Mechanized Corps of the 26th Army of the Southwestern Front. Shot down in the Dubno area, possibly the southeastern entrance to Dubno. According to the autograph on the starboard side, shot down by soldiers of the 111th Infantry Division and the Hermann Goering Regiment. The tank may have been hit on 29 June 1941. In the middle of the road lies the driver's hatch.

33. Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot of the 3rd squadron of the 158th air defense fighter regiment, junior lieutenant Mikhail Petrovich Zhukov (1917-1943) poses for a photograph at his I-16 fighter.

M.P. Zhukov has been with the regiment since October 1940. He made his first sortie on June 22, 1941. On June 29, 1941, in his third sortie, he destroyed a Junkers Yu-88 bomber with a ramming attack.

He fought in the skies of Leningrad, escorted transport aircraft, covered the ports on Lake Ladoga, the Volkhov hydroelectric power station. Was injured. At the end of 1941 he mastered the P-40E fighter.

January 12, 1943 M.P. Zhukov (by that time a senior lieutenant, flight commander of the 158th IAP) died in an air battle near the village of Moscow Dubrovka. In total, he made 286 sorties, conducted 66 air battles, shot down 9 enemy aircraft personally and 5 in a group.

34. Leningraders on October 25th Avenue (now Nevsky Prospekt) at the boarded-up showcase of the Eliseevsky Store (the official name is Grocery Store No. 1 Central).

On the boards are placed "Windows TASS", which first appeared in Leningrad in the windows of the grocery store on June 24, 1941.

35. Hero of the Soviet Union Captain Alexei Nikolaevich Katrich (1917 - 2004).

A.N. Katrich graduated from the Chuguev Military Aviation Pilot School in 1938. He served in the Air Force as a pilot of a fighter aviation regiment (in the Moscow Military District). Member of the Great Patriotic War: in June 1941 - June 1942 - pilot, deputy commander and commander of an air squadron of the 27th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Moscow Air Defense Zone). Participated in the defense of Moscow, the defense of the city and rear communications of the Western Front from enemy bomber raids. On August 11, 1941, in an air battle, a Dornier Do-215 reconnaissance aircraft of the enemy was shot down by a ram at an altitude of 9,000 meters, after which it landed safely at its airfield.

For courage and heroism shown in battles, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 28, 1941, Lieutenant Aleksey Nikolaevich Katrich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In June 1942 - October 1943 Katrich was the commander of an air squadron of the 12th Guards Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment. Fought as part of the Moscow and Western air defense fronts. Participated in the defense of Moscow and the rear communications of the Western Front from enemy bomber raids. In total, during the war he made 258 sorties on MiG-3, Yak-1 and Yak-9 fighters, in 27 air battles he personally shot down 5 and as part of a group of 9 enemy aircraft (M.Yu. Bykov in his research indicates 5 personal and 7 group victories). In November 1943 - January 1946 - navigator of the 12th Guards Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment, until 1944 he was on combat duty in the air defense system of the city of Moscow.
Captain-Lieutenant Gurin commanded the destroyer "Gremyashchiy" on sea voyages to escort and guard convoys, raid operations on ports and enemy communications. Under his command, the destroyer completed 21 combat missions in 1941 and more than 30 in 1942. The crew of the destroyer carried out 6 artillery firing at the enemy troops on the coast, 4 laying minefields, participated in escorting 26 convoys, sank the German submarine "U-585" (March 30, 1942, the area of ​​​​Kildin Island), together with a group of Soviet and British ships repulsed the attack of a group of German destroyers on the convoy guarded by them (one enemy destroyer was sunk in this battle), shot down 6 German aircraft.

In October 1942 A.I. Gurin was appointed commander of the 2nd division of the brigade destroyers Northern Fleet. From September 1944 to October 1945 he commanded the 1st division of the destroyers of the Northern Fleet squadron. During the Petsamo-Kirkines operation, he personally led a division in the performance of combat missions for artillery support of two amphibious assault and during the offensive of the forces of the Karelian Front along the coast of the Barents Sea. Captain 1st rank (09/01/1944).

Destroyer division under the command of Captain 1st Rank Gurin A.I. escorted allied convoys, performed tasks to support the positions of our troops, fired at bases and searched for enemy ships and convoys. By May 1945 A.I. Gurin made over 100 different combat exits to the sea, passed 79,370 nautical miles.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal to Captain 1st Rank Gurin Anton Iosifovich was awarded by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 8, 1945.

38. A group of Red Army soldiers who died on June 29-30, 1941 during a battle with units of the German 29th Infantry Division near the village of Ozernitsa, north of the Zelva-Slonim highway. Location: Slonimsky district, Belarus, USSR. Shooting time: 29-30.06.1941.

A destroyed T-34 tank from the 6th mechanized corps is visible in the background. In this battle, the headquarters of the 6th mechanized corps was ambushed.

39. Sergeant Gavriil Ivanovich Zalozny (born in 1901, right) at the Maxim machine gun. Shooting time: 1941.

Gavriil Ivanovich Zalozny was drafted into the Red Army on June 26, 1941. Fought on the Western and Southwestern fronts. September 23, 1941 was shell-shocked and taken prisoner. Released in February 1944 and enrolled in the 230th reserve regiment, since July 1944 - commander of the Maxim machine gun crew of the 12th shock assault rifle battalion of the 1st shock assault rifle regiment of the 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front . Then he served in the 310th Guards Rifle Regiment.

40. Sanitary instructor of the 369th separate battalion of the marine corps chief foreman E.I. Mikhailov near Kerch

Sanitary instructor of the 369th separate battalion of the marines of the Danube military flotilla chief foreman Ekaterina Illarionovna Mikhailova (Dyomina) (b. 1925).

In the Red Army since June 1941 (added two years to her 15 years). In the battles near Gzhatsk, she was seriously wounded in the leg. She was treated in hospitals in the Urals and in Baku. After recovering from January 1942, she served on the military hospital ship Krasnaya Moskva, which ferried the wounded from Stalingrad to Krasnovodsk. There she was awarded the rank of chief foreman, for exemplary service she was awarded the badge "Excellent Worker of the Navy". Among the volunteers, she was enrolled as a sanitary instructor in the 369th separate battalion of the Marine Corps. The battalion was part of the Azov and then the Danube military flotillas. With this battalion, which later received the honorary name "Kerch Red Banner", Mikhailova fought through the waters and shores of the Caucasus and Crimea, the Azov and Black Seas, the Dniester and the Danube, with a liberation mission - through the land of Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Austria. Together with the soldiers of the battalion, she entered the battle, repulsed enemy counterattacks, carried the wounded from the battlefield, and provided them with first aid. She was wounded three times.

On August 22, 1944, when crossing the Dniester estuary as part of the landing force, Chief Petty Officer E.I. Mikhailova was one of the first to reach the shore, rendered first aid to seventeen seriously wounded sailors, suppressed the fire of a heavy machine gun, threw grenades at the bunker and destroyed more than ten Nazis. December 4, 1944 E.I. Mikhailova, in a landing operation to capture the port of Prahovo and the fortress of Ilok (Yugoslavia), being wounded, continued to provide medical assistance to the soldiers and, saving their lives, exterminated 5 enemy soldiers from a machine gun. After recovery, she returned to duty. As part of the 369th Marine Battalion, she fought for the Imperial Bridge in the Austrian capital of Vienna. Here she celebrated the Victory on May 9, 1945.

E.I. Mikhailova is the only woman who served in the intelligence of the Marine Corps. She was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, medals, including the Medal for Courage and the Florence Nightingale Medal.

To the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, chief foreman E.I. Mikhailova was presented in August and December 1944, but the award did not take place.
By decree of the President of the USSR of May 5, 1990, Ekaterina Illarionovna Demina (Mikhailova) was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 11608).

Publicism.
*************
Photo:
Onward to the Russian border! Drang nah osten!
Drang nach Octen! Attack on the East!
*************************************

THE USSR.
1. The NKGB, in its reconnaissance report on German military preparations, reports the continued concentration of German troops.

2. The NKVD reports that from June 10 to June 19, NKVD border detachments recorded 86 cases of violations of the USSR border by foreign aircraft. According to a report from the headquarters of the ZapOVO dated June 21, on June 20, only in the Augustow region, three cases of border violations by German aircraft in groups of up to nine aircraft were noted.

3. The Germans have noticed the removal of barbed wire along our border.

4. Soviet Ambassador to Germany Dekanozov passes to Ribbentrop a verbal note from the Soviet government about violations of the borders of the USSR by German aircraft. MOSCOW. At a meeting with the German Ambassador to the USSR F. von Schulenburg, People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR V. M. Molotov wondered why rumors about an imminent war between the USSR and Germany were spreading. Schulenburg replies that all these questions are natural, but he is not able to answer them, since Berlin does not inform him.
*******
Poland.

June 21, 1941, 13:00. German troops receive the code signal "Dortmund", confirming that the invasion will begin the next day.

21:00. Soldiers of the 90th border detachment of the Sokal commandant's office detained a German soldier who had crossed the border river Bug by swimming. The defector was sent to the headquarters of the detachment in the city of Vladimir-Volynsky.

23:00. German minelayers, who were in Finnish ports, began to mine the way out of the Gulf of Finland. At the same time, Finnish submarines began laying mines off the coast of Estonia.

June 22, 1941, 0:30. The defector was taken to Vladimir-Volynsky. During interrogation, the soldier named himself Alfred Liskov, servicemen of the 221st regiment of the 15th infantry division of the Wehrmacht. He reported that at dawn on June 22 the German army would go on the offensive along the entire length of the Soviet-German border. The information has been passed on to the higher command.

At the same time, the transfer of directive No. 1 of the People's Commissariat of Defense for parts of the western military districts begins from Moscow. “During June 22-23, 1941, a sudden attack by the Germans on the fronts of the LVO, PribOVO, ZAPOVO, KOVO, OdVO is possible. The attack may begin with provocative actions,” the directive said. “The task of our troops is not to succumb to any provocative actions that could cause major complications.”

The units were ordered to be placed on combat readiness, covertly occupy the firing points of fortified areas on the state border, and aviation was dispersed over field airfields.

It is not possible to bring the directive to the military units before the start of hostilities, as a result of which the measures indicated in it are not carried out.

Mobilization. Columns of fighters are moving to the front. Photo: RIA Novosti

“I realized that it was the Germans who opened fire on our territory”

1:00. The commandants of the sections of the 90th border detachment report to the head of the detachment, Major Bychkovsky: "nothing suspicious was noticed on the adjacent side, everything is calm."

3:05 . A group of 14 German Ju-88 bombers drops 28 magnetic mines near the Kronstadt raid.

3:07. Commanding Black Sea Fleet Vice Admiral Oktyabrsky reports to the Chief of the General Staff, General Zhukov: “The VNOS [air surveillance, warning and communications] system of the fleet reports on the approach from the sea of ​​a large number of unknown aircraft; The fleet is on full alert.

3:10. The UNKGB in the Lvov region transmits by telephone to the NKGB of the Ukrainian SSR the information obtained during the interrogation of the defector Alfred Liskov.

3:30. Chief of Staff of the Western District General Klimovsky reports on enemy air raids on the cities of Belarus: Brest, Grodno, Lida, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranovichi and others.

3:33. The chief of staff of the Kiev district, General Purkaev, reports on air raids on the cities of Ukraine, including Kyiv.

3:40. Commander of the Baltic Military District General Kuznetsov reports on enemy air raids on Riga, Siauliai, Vilnius, Kaunas and other cities.

"Enemy raid repulsed. An attempt to strike our ships has been thwarted."

3:42. Chief of the General Staff Zhukov calls Stalin and announces the start of hostilities by Germany. Stalin orders Tymoshenko and Zhukov to arrive at the Kremlin, where an emergency meeting of the Politburo is being convened.

3:45. The 1st frontier post of the 86th Augustow border detachment was attacked by an enemy reconnaissance and sabotage group. Outpost personnel under command Alexandra Sivacheva, having joined the battle, destroys the attackers.

4:05. The outposts of the 86th August Frontier Detachment, including the 1st Frontier Post of Senior Lieutenant Sivachev, are subjected to heavy artillery fire, after which the German offensive begins. The border guards, deprived of communication with the command, engage in battle with superior enemy forces.

4:10. The Western and Baltic Special Military Districts report the start of hostilities by German troops on land.

4:15. The Nazis open massive artillery fire on the Brest Fortress. As a result, warehouses were destroyed, communications were disrupted, there big number killed and wounded.

4:25. The 45th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht begins an attack on the Brest Fortress.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Residents of the capital on June 22, 1941 during the announcement on the radio of a government message about the perfidious attack of fascist Germany on the Soviet Union. Photo: RIA Novosti

"Defending not individual countries, but ensuring the security of Europe"

4:30. A meeting of members of the Politburo begins in the Kremlin. Stalin expresses doubt that what happened is the beginning of the war and does not exclude the version of a German provocation. People's Commissar of Defense Timoshenko and Zhukov insist: this is war.

4:55. In the Brest Fortress, the Nazis manage to capture almost half of the territory. Further progress was stopped by a sudden counterattack by the Red Army.

5:00. German Ambassador to the USSR Count von Schulenburg presents the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR Molotov“Note from the German Foreign Ministry to the Soviet Government”, which states: “The German government cannot be indifferent to a serious threat on the eastern border, therefore the Führer ordered the German armed forces to remove this threat by all means.” An hour after the actual start of hostilities, Germany de jure declares war Soviet Union.

7:00. Reich Minister for Foreign Ribbentrop begins a press conference at which he announces the start of hostilities against the USSR: "The German army invaded the territory of Bolshevik Russia!"

“The city is on fire, why aren’t you broadcasting anything on the radio?”

7:15. Stalin approves the directive on repulsing the attack of Nazi Germany: "The troops will attack the enemy forces with all their strength and means and destroy them in areas where they have violated the Soviet border." The transfer of "Directive No. 2" due to the violation by saboteurs of the communication lines in the western districts. Moscow does not have a clear picture of what is happening in the war zone.

9:30. It was decided that at noon Molotov, People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, would address the Soviet people in connection with the outbreak of war.

10:00. From the memories of the announcer Yuri Levitan: “They call from Minsk: “Enemy planes are over the city”, they call from Kaunas: “The city is on fire, why are you not transmitting anything on the radio?”, “Enemy planes are over Kiev.” Women's crying, excitement: “Is it really a war? ..” However, no official messages are transmitted until 12:00 Moscow time on June 22.

11:00. The Baltic, Western and Kyiv special military districts were transformed into the Northwestern, Western and Southwestern fronts.

“The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours"

12:00. People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov read out an appeal to the citizens of the Soviet Union: "Today at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims against the Soviet Union, without declaring war, German troops attacked our country, attacked our borders in many places and bombed from our cities - Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Sevastopol, Kaunas and some others - more than two hundred people were killed and wounded. Enemy aircraft raids and artillery shelling were also carried out from Romanian and Finnish territory ... Now that the attack on the Soviet Union has already taken place, the Soviet government has given an order to our troops to repel the piratical attack and drive the German troops from the territory of our homeland ... The government calls on you, citizens and citizens of the Soviet Union, to rally their ranks even more closely around our glorious Bolshevik Party, around our Soviet government around our great leader Comrade Stalin.

Our cause is right. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours" .

12:30. Advanced German units break into the Belarusian city of Grodno.

13:00. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issues a decree "On the mobilization of those liable for military service ..."
“On the basis of Article 49 of paragraph “o” of the Constitution of the USSR, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR announces mobilization on the territory of the military districts - Leningrad, Special Baltic, Western Special, Kiev Special, Odessa, Kharkov, Oryol, Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Ural, Siberian, Volga, North - Caucasian and Transcaucasian.

13:30. The Chief of the General Staff, General Zhukov, flies to Kyiv as a representative of the newly created Headquarters of the High Command on the Southwestern Front.

Photo: RIA Novosti

14:00. The Brest Fortress is completely surrounded by German troops. Soviet units blockaded in the citadel continue to offer fierce resistance.

14:05. Foreign Minister of Italy Galeazzo Ciano declares: “In view of the current situation, due to the fact that Germany has declared war on the USSR, Italy, as an ally of Germany and as a member of the Tripartite Pact, also declares war on the Soviet Union from the moment the German troops enter Soviet territory.”

14:10. The 1st frontier post of Alexander Sivachev has been fighting for more than 10 hours. The border guards, who had only small arms and grenades, destroyed up to 60 Nazis and burned three tanks. The wounded head of the outpost continued to command the battle.

15:00. From the notes of Field Marshal Commander of Army Group Center bokeh background: “The question of whether the Russians are carrying out a planned withdrawal is still open. There is now ample evidence both for and against this.

Of the 485 frontier posts attacked, none retreated without an order.

16:00. After a 12-hour battle, the Nazis occupy the positions of the 1st frontier post. This became possible only after all the border guards who defended it died. The head of the outpost Alexander Sivachev was posthumously awarded the order Patriotic War I degree.

The feat of the outpost of Senior Lieutenant Sivachev became one of the hundreds accomplished by the border guards in the first hours and days of the war. The state border of the USSR from the Barents to the Black Sea on June 22, 1941 was guarded by 666 border outposts, 485 of them were attacked on the very first day of the war. None of the 485 outposts attacked on June 22 withdrew without orders.

The Nazi command took 20 minutes to break the resistance of the border guards. 257 Soviet frontier posts held the defense from several hours to one day. More than one day - 20, more than two days - 16, more than three days - 20, more than four and five days - 43, from seven to nine days - 4, more than eleven days - 51, more than twelve days - 55, more than 15 days - 51 outposts. Up to two months, 45 outposts fought.

The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The working people of Leningrad listen to the message about the attack of fascist Germany on the Soviet Union. Photo: RIA Novosti

Of the 19,600 border guards who met the Nazis on June 22 in the direction of the main attack of Army Group Center, more than 16,000 died in the first days of the war.

17:00. Hitler's units manage to occupy the southwestern part of the Brest Fortress, the northeast remained under the control of Soviet troops. Stubborn battles for the fortress will continue for another week.

"The Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox for the defense of the sacred borders of our Motherland"

18:00. The Patriarchal Locum Tenens, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Sergius, addresses the faithful with a message: “Fascist robbers have attacked our homeland. Trampling all sorts of treaties and promises, they suddenly fell upon us, and now the blood of peaceful citizens is already irrigating our native land ... Our Orthodox Church has always shared the fate of the people. Together with him, she carried trials, and consoled herself with his successes. She will not leave her people even now ... The Church of Christ blesses all Orthodox for protection sacred borders our homeland."

20:00. Directive No. 3 of the People's Commissariat of Defense was approved, ordering the Soviet troops to go on the counteroffensive with the task of defeating the Nazi troops on the territory of the USSR with further advance into the territory of the enemy. The directive prescribed by the end of June 24 to capture the Polish city of Lublin.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. June 22, 1941 Nurses assist the first wounded after the Nazi air raid near Chisinau. Photo: RIA Novosti

"We must give Russia and the Russian people all the help we can"

21:00. Summary of the High Command of the Red Army for June 22: “At dawn on June 22, 1941, the regular troops of the German army attacked our border units on the front from the Baltic to the Black Sea and were held back by them during the first half of the day. In the afternoon, the German troops met with the advanced units of the field troops of the Red Army. After fierce fighting, the enemy was repulsed with heavy losses. Only in the Grodno and Krystynopol directions did the enemy manage to achieve minor tactical successes and occupy the towns of Kalvaria, Stoyanuv and Tsekhanovets (the first two at 15 km and the last at 10 km from the border).

Enemy aircraft attacked a number of our airfields and settlements, but everywhere met a decisive rebuff from our fighters and anti-aircraft artillery, which inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. We shot down 65 enemy planes."

23:00. Message from the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to the British people in connection with the German attack on the USSR: “At 4 o’clock this morning, Hitler attacked Russia. All his usual formalities of treachery were observed with scrupulous precision ... suddenly, without a declaration of war, even without an ultimatum, German bombs fell from the sky on Russian cities, German troops violated the Russian borders, and an hour later the German ambassador, who just the day before generously lavished his assurances of friendship and almost an alliance on the Russians, paid a visit to the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs and declared that Russia and Germany were in a state of war ...

The past, with its crimes, follies and tragedies, recedes. I see Russian soldiers standing on the border of their native land and guarding the fields that their fathers have plowed since time immemorial. I see how they guard their homes; their mothers and wives pray—oh, yes, because at such a time everyone prays for the preservation of their loved ones, for the return of the breadwinner, patron, their protectors ...

We must give Russia and the Russian people all the help we can. We must call on all our friends and allies in all parts of the world to follow a similar course and pursue it as steadfastly and steadily as we will, to the very end.

June 22 has come to an end. There were still 1417 days of the most terrible war in the history of mankind.

June, 22. Ordinary Sunday. More than 200 million citizens are planning how to spend their day off: go on a visit, take their children to the zoo, someone is in a hurry to play football, someone is on a date. Soon they will become heroes and victims of the war, killed and wounded, soldiers and refugees, blockade runners and prisoners of concentration camps, partisans, prisoners of war, orphans, and invalids. Winners and veterans of the Great Patriotic War. But none of them know about it yet.

In 1941 The Soviet Union stood quite firmly on its feet - industrialization and collectivization bore fruit, industry developed - out of ten tractors produced in the world, four were Soviet-made. Dneproges and Magnitogorsk have been built, the army is being re-equipped - the famous T-34 tank, Yak-1, MIG-3 fighters, Il-2 attack aircraft, Pe-2 bomber have already entered service with the Red Army. The situation in the world is restless, but Soviet people sure that "the armor is strong and our tanks are fast." In addition, two years ago, after three-hour talks in Moscow, USSR People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Molotov and German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop signed a 10-year non-aggression pact.

After the abnormally cold winter of 1940-1941. A rather warm summer has come to Moscow. Amusements operate in the Gorky Park, football matches are held at the Dynamo stadium. The Mosfilm film studio is preparing the main premiere of the summer of 1941 - the editing of the lyrical comedy Hearts of Four, which will be released only in 1945, has just been completed here. AT leading role favorite of Joseph Stalin and all Soviet moviegoers, actress Valentina Serova.

June, 1941 Astrakhan. Near the village of Liney

1941 Astrakhan. On the Caspian Sea

July 1, 1940 A scene from the film "My Love" directed by Vladimir Korsh-Sablin. In the center, actress Lidia Smirnova as Shurochka

April, 1941 Peasant greets the first Soviet tractor

July 12, 1940 Residents of Uzbekistan work on the construction of a section of the Great Fergana Canal

August 9, 1940 Byelorussian SSR. Collective farmers of the village of Tonezh, Turovsky district, Polesye region, for a walk after a hard day's work

May 05, 1941 Kliment Voroshilov, Mikhail Kalinin, Anastas Mikoyan, Andrey Andreev, Alexander Shcherbakov, Georgy Malenkov, Semyon Timoshenko, Georgy Zhukov, Andrey Eremenko, Semyon Budyonny, Nikolai Bulganin, Lazar Kaganovich and others in the presidium of the ceremonial meeting dedicated to graduation commanders who graduated from military academies. Joseph Stalin speaking

June 1, 1940. Classes in civil defense in the village of Dikanka. Ukraine, Poltava region

In the spring and summer of 1941, exercises of the Soviet military began to be carried out more and more often on the western borders of the USSR. War is already in full swing in Europe. Rumors reach the Soviet leadership that Germany could attack at any moment. But such messages are often ignored, since a non-aggression pact was signed just recently.
August 20, 1940 Villagers talking to tankmen during military exercises

"Higher, higher and higher
We strive for the flight of our birds,
And breathes in every propeller
The tranquility of our borders."

Soviet song, better known as "March of the Aviators"

June 1, 1941. An I-16 fighter is suspended under the wing of a TB-3 aircraft, under the wing of which a high-explosive bomb weighing 250 kg

September 28, 1939 People's Commissar Foreign Affairs of the USSR Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop shake hands after the signing of the joint Soviet-German treaty "On Friendship and Border"

Field Marshal V. Keitel, Colonel General V. von Brauchitsch, A. Hitler, Colonel General F. Halder (left to right in the foreground) near the table with a map during a meeting of the General Staff. In 1940, Adolf Hitler signed the main directive number 21, codenamed "Barbarossa"

On June 17, 1941, V.N. Merkulov sent an intelligence message received by the NKGB of the USSR from Berlin to I.V. Stalin and V.M. Molotov:

“A source working at the headquarters of the German aviation reports:
1. All German military measures to prepare for an armed uprising against the USSR have been completely completed, and a strike can be expected at any time.

2. In the circles of the aviation headquarters, the TASS message of June 6 was perceived very ironically. They emphasize that this statement cannot have any meaning ... "

There is a resolution (regarding 2 points): “To Comrade Merkulov. You can send your "source" from the headquarters of the German aviation to the fucking mother. This is not a "source", but a disinformer. I. Stalin»

July 1, 1940. Marshal Semyon Timoshenko (right), General of the Army Georgy Zhukov (left) and General of the Army Kirill Meretskov (2nd from left) during an exercise in the 99th Rifle Division of the Kiev Special Military District

June 21, 21:00

At the site of the Sokal commandant's office, a German soldier, Corporal Alfred Liskof, was detained after swimming across the Bug River.

From the testimony of the head of the 90th border detachment, Major Bychkovsky:“In view of the fact that the interpreters in the detachment are weak, I called a teacher from the city German language... and Liskof repeated the same thing again, that is, that the Germans were preparing to attack the USSR at dawn on June 22, 1941 ... Without finishing the interrogation of the soldier, he heard strong artillery fire in the direction of Ustilug (the first commandant's office). I realized that it was the Germans who opened fire on our territory, which was immediately confirmed by the interrogated soldier. I immediately began to call the commandant by phone, but the connection was broken.

21:30

In Moscow, a conversation took place between People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Molotov and German Ambassador Schulenburg. Molotov protested in connection with the numerous violations of the borders of the USSR by German aircraft. Schulenburg evaded answering.

From the memoirs of Corporal Hans Teuchler:“At 22 o’clock we were lined up and the order of the Fuhrer was read out. Finally, they told us directly why we are here. Not at all for a rush to Persia to punish the British with the permission of the Russians. And not in order to lull the vigilance of the British, and then quickly transfer troops to the English Channel and land in England. No. We - soldiers of the Great Reich - are waiting for a war with the Soviet Union itself. But there is no such force that could hold back the movement of our armies. For the Russians it will be a real war, for us it will be just a victory. We will pray for her."

June 22, 00:30

Directive No. 1 was sent to the districts, containing an order to covertly occupy firing points on the border, not to succumb to provocations and put the troops on alert.

From the memoirs of the German General Heinz Guderian:“On the fateful day of June 22 at 2:10 in the morning, I went to the command post of the group ...
At 03:15 our artillery preparation began.
At 0340 hours - the first raid of our dive bombers.
At 4:15 a.m., the crossing over the Bug began.

03:07

The commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Oktyabrsky, called the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Georgy Zhukov and said that a large number of unknown aircraft were approaching from the sea; The fleet is in full combat readiness. The admiral offered to meet them with fleet air defense fire. He was instructed: "Act and report to your people's commissar."

03:30

Chief of Staff of the Western District, Major General Vladimir Klimovskikh, reported on a German air raid on the cities of Belarus. Three minutes later, the chief of staff of the Kiev district, General Purkaev, reported on an air raid on the cities of Ukraine. At 03:40, the commander of the Baltic District, General Kuznetsov, reported a raid on Kaunas and other cities.

From the memoirs of I. I. Geibo, deputy regiment commander of the 46th IAP, ZapVO:“... My chest went cold. In front of me are four twin-engine bombers with black crosses on their wings. I even bit my lip. Why, these are Junkers! German Ju-88 bombers! What to do? .. Another thought arose: "Today is Sunday, and on Sundays the Germans do not have training flights." So it's a war? Yes, war!

03:40

People's Commissar of Defense Timoshenko asks Zhukov to report to Stalin about the start of hostilities. Stalin responded by ordering all members of the Politburo to gather in the Kremlin. At that moment, Brest, Grodno, Lida, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranovich, Bobruisk, Volkovysk, Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Sevastopol, Riga, Vindava, Libava, Siauliai, Kaunas, Vilnius and many other cities were bombed.

From the memoirs of Alevtina Kotik, born in 1925 (Lithuania):“I woke up from the fact that I hit my head on the bed - the ground shook from falling bombs. I ran to my parents. Dad said: “The war has begun. We have to get out of here!” We did not know with whom the war started, we did not think about it, it was just very scary. Dad was a military man, and therefore he was able to call a car for us, which took us to the railway station. They took only clothes with them. All furniture and household utensils remained. At first we rode on a freight train. I remember how my mother covered me and my brother with her body, then they transferred to a passenger train. The fact that the war with Germany, they learned somewhere around 12 noon from people they met. Near the city of Siauliai, we saw a large number of wounded, stretchers, doctors.

At the same time, the Belostok-Minsk battle began, as a result of which the main forces of the Soviet Western Front were surrounded and defeated. German troops captured a significant part of Belarus and advanced to a depth of over 300 km. On the part of the Soviet Union in the Bialystok and Minsk “boilers”, 11 rifle, 2 cavalry, 6 tank and 4 motorized divisions were destroyed, 3 commanders and 2 commanders were killed, 2 commanders and 6 division commanders were captured, another 1 corps commander and 2 commanders divisions were missing.

04:10

The Western and Baltic Special Districts reported on the start of hostilities by German troops on land.

04:12

German bombers appeared over Sevastopol. The enemy raid was repulsed, and an attempt to strike at the ships was thwarted, but residential buildings and warehouses were damaged in the city.

From the memoirs of Sevastopol Anatoly Marsanov:“I was then only five years old ... The only thing that remains in my memory: on the night of June 22, parachutes appeared in the sky. It became light, I remember, the whole city was illuminated, everyone was running, so joyful ... They shouted: “Paratroopers! Paratroopers!”… They don't know that these are mines. And they both gasped - one in the bay, the other - down the street below us, they killed so many people!

04:15

The defense of the Brest Fortress began. By the first attack, by 04:55, the Germans occupied almost half of the fortress.

From the memoirs of the defender of the Brest Fortress Pyotr Kotelnikov, born in 1929:“In the morning we were awakened by a strong blow. Broke the roof. I was stunned. I saw the wounded and the dead, I realized: this is no longer an exercise, but a war. Most of the soldiers of our barracks died in the first seconds. Following the adults, I rushed to the weapon, but they did not give me rifles. Then I, with one of the Red Army soldiers, rushed to extinguish the clothing warehouse. Then he moved with the soldiers to the cellars of the barracks of the neighboring 333rd Infantry Regiment ... We helped the wounded, brought them ammunition, food, water. Through the western wing at night they made their way to the river to draw water, and returned back.

05:00

Moscow time, Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs Joachim von Ribbentrop summoned Soviet diplomats to his office. When they arrived, he informed them of the start of the war. The last thing he said to the ambassadors was: "Tell Moscow that I was against the attack." After that, telephones did not work in the embassy, ​​and the building itself was surrounded by SS detachments.

5:30

Schulenburg officially informed Molotov about the beginning of the war between Germany and the USSR, reading out a note: “Bolshevik Moscow is ready to stab in the back of National Socialist Germany, which is fighting for existence. The German government cannot be indifferent to the serious threat on the eastern border. Therefore, the Fuhrer gave the order to the German armed forces by all means and means to ward off this threat…”

From the memoirs of Molotov:"The adviser to the German ambassador Hilger, when he handed the note, shed a tear."

From Hilger's memoirs:“He gave vent to his indignation by declaring that Germany had attacked a country with which it had a non-aggression pact. This has no precedent in history. The reason given by the German side is an empty pretext ... Molotov concluded his angry speech with the words: “We did not give any grounds for this.”

07:15

Directive No. 2 was issued, ordering the troops of the USSR to destroy enemy forces in areas of violation of the border, destroy enemy aircraft, and also “bomb Koenigsberg and Memel” (modern Kaliningrad and Klaipeda). The USSR Air Force was allowed to go "to the depth of German territory up to 100-150 km." At the same time, the first counterattack of the Soviet troops took place near the Lithuanian town of Alytus.

09:00

At 7:00 Berlin time, Reich Minister of Public Education and Propaganda Joseph Goebbels read out on the radio Adolf Hitler's appeal to the German people in connection with the outbreak of war against the Soviet Union: “... Today I decided to once again put the fate and future of the German Reich and our people into the hands of our soldier. May the Lord help us in this struggle!

09:30

Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Mikhail Kalinin signed a number of decrees, including the decree on the introduction of martial law, on the formation of the Headquarters of the High Command, on military tribunals and on general mobilization, to which all those liable for military service from 1905 to 1918 were born.

10:00

German bombers raided Kyiv and its suburbs. The railway station, the Bolshevik plant, an aircraft plant, power plants, military airfields, and residential buildings were bombed. According to official data, 25 people died as a result of the bombing, according to unofficial data, there were many more victims. However, peaceful life continued in the capital of Ukraine for several more days. Only the opening of the stadium, scheduled for June 22, was canceled; on this day, the football match Dynamo (Kyiv) - CSKA was supposed to take place here.

12:15

Molotov made a speech on the radio about the beginning of the war, where he first called it patriotic. Also in this speech, for the first time, the phrase that became the main slogan of the war is heard: “Our cause is just. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours".

From Molotov's appeal:“This unprecedented attack on our country is an unparalleled perfidy in the history of civilized peoples... This war was imposed on us not by the German people, not by the German workers, peasants and intelligentsia, whose suffering we understand well, but by a clique of bloodthirsty fascist rulers of Germany who enslaved the French, Czechs , Poles, Serbs, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Holland, Greece and other peoples ... This is not the first time our people have to deal with an attacking arrogant enemy. At one time, our people responded to Napoleon's campaign in Russia with a Patriotic War, and Napoleon was defeated and came to his own collapse. The same will happen to the arrogant Hitler, who has announced a new campaign against our country. The Red Army and all our people will again lead the victorious patriotic war for the motherland, for honor, for freedom.

The working people of Leningrad listen to the message about the attack of fascist Germany on the Soviet Union

From the memoirs of Dmitry Savelyev, Novokuznetsk: “We gathered at the poles with loudspeakers. We listened carefully to Molotov's speech. For many, there was a feeling of some kind of wariness. After that, the streets began to empty, after a while food disappeared from the shops. They weren’t bought up – just the supply was reduced… People weren’t scared, but rather focused, doing everything the government told them to do.”

After some time, the text of Molotov's speech was repeated by the famous announcer Yuri Levitan. Thanks to his soulful voice and the fact that Levitan read the front-line reports of the Soviet Information Bureau throughout the war, it is believed that he was the first to read the message about the beginning of the war on the radio. Even marshals Zhukov and Rokossovsky thought so, as they wrote about in their memoirs.

Moscow. Announcer Yuri Levitan during filming in the studio

From the memoirs of announcer Yuri Levitan:“When we, the announcers, were called to the radio early in the morning, the calls had already begun to ring out. They call from Minsk: “Enemy planes over the city”, they call from Kaunas: “The city is on fire, why are you not transmitting anything on the radio?”, “Enemy planes are over Kiev.” Women's crying, excitement - "is it really a war"? .. And now I remember - I turned on the microphone. In all cases, I remember myself that I only worried internally, only experienced internally. But here, when I uttered the word “Moscow is speaking”, I feel that I can’t continue to speak - a lump stuck in my throat. They are already knocking from the control room - “Why are you silent? Go on! He clenched his fists and continued: "Citizens and citizens of the Soviet Union ..."

Stalin delivered a speech to the Soviet people only on July 3, 12 days after the start of the war. Historians are still arguing why he was silent for so long. Here is how Vyacheslav Molotov explained this fact:“Why me and not Stalin? He didn't want to go first. It is necessary that there be a clearer picture, what tone and what approach ... He said that he would wait a few days and speak when the situation on the fronts cleared up.

And here is what Marshal Zhukov wrote about this:"AND. V. Stalin was a strong-willed man and, as they say, "not from a cowardly dozen." Confused, I saw him only once. It was at dawn on June 22, 1941, when Nazi Germany attacked our country. During the first day, he could not really pull himself together and firmly direct events. The shock produced on I. V. Stalin by the attack of the enemy was so strong that his voice even dropped, and his orders for organizing armed struggle did not always correspond to the situation.

From a speech by Stalin on the radio on July 3, 1941:"War with Nazi Germany cannot be considered an ordinary war... Our war for the freedom of our Fatherland will merge with the struggle of the peoples of Europe and America for their independence, for democratic freedoms.”

12:30

At the same time, German troops entered Grodno. A few minutes later, the bombardment of Minsk, Kyiv, Sevastopol and other cities began again.

From the memoirs of Ninel Karpova, born in 1931 (Kharovsk, Vologda region):“We listened to the message about the beginning of the war from the loudspeaker at the House of Defense. There were a lot of people there. I was not upset, on the contrary, I became proud: my father will defend the Motherland ... In general, people were not afraid. Yes, women, of course, were upset, crying. But there was no panic. Everyone was sure that we would quickly defeat the Germans. The men said: "Yes, the Germans will drape from us!"

Recruiting stations were opened in the military registration and enlistment offices. Queues lined up in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities.

From the memoirs of Dina Belykh, born in 1936 (Kushva city Sverdlovsk region): “All men immediately began to call, including my dad. Dad hugged mom, they both cried, kissed ... I remember how I grabbed him by the tarpaulin boots and shouted: “Daddy, don’t go! They'll kill you there, they'll kill you!" When he got on the train, my mother took me in her arms, we both sobbed, she whispered through her tears: “Wave to dad ...” What is there, I sobbed so much, I could not move my hand. We never saw him again, our breadwinner."

Calculations and experience of the mobilization carried out showed that in order to transfer the army and navy to wartime, 4.9 million people were required to be called up. However, when mobilization was announced, 14 ages of conscripts were called up, the total number of which was about 10 million people, that is, almost 5.1 million people more than what was required.

The first day of mobilization in the Red Army. Volunteers in the Oktyabrsky military registration and enlistment office

The conscription of such a mass of people was not caused by military necessity and introduced disorganization into the national economy and anxiety among the masses. Without realizing this, Marshal of the Soviet Union G. I. Kulik suggested that the government additionally call on older ages (1895 - 1904), the total number of which was 6.8 million people.

13:15

To capture the Brest Fortress, the Germans brought into action new forces of the 133rd Infantry Regiment on the Southern and Western Islands, but this "did not bring changes in the situation." The Brest Fortress continued to hold the line. Fritz Schlieper's 45th Infantry Division was thrown into this sector of the front. It was decided that only infantry would take the Brest Fortress - without tanks. No more than eight hours were allotted for the capture of the fortress.

From a report to the headquarters of the 45th Infantry Division Fritz Schlieper:“The Russians are fiercely resisting, especially behind our attacking companies. In the Citadel, the enemy organized defense with infantry units supported by 35-40 tanks and armored vehicles. The fire of Russian snipers led to heavy losses among officers and non-commissioned officers.

14:30

Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano told the Soviet ambassador in Rome, Gorelkin, that Italy had declared war on the USSR "from the moment German troops entered Soviet territory."

From Ciano's diaries:“He perceives my message with rather great indifference, but this is in his nature. The message is very short, without unnecessary words. The conversation lasted two minutes.

15:00

The pilots of the German bombers reported that they had nothing more to bomb, all airfields, barracks and concentrations of armored vehicles were destroyed.

From the memoirs of Air Marshal, Hero of the Soviet Union G.V. Zimina:“On June 22, 1941, large groups of fascist bombers attacked 66 of our airfields, on which the main aviation forces of the western border districts were based. First of all, airfields were subjected to air strikes, on which aviation regiments were based, armed with aircraft of new designs ... As a result of attacks on airfields and in fierce air battles, the enemy managed to destroy up to 1,200 aircraft, including 800 at airfields.

16:30

Stalin left the Kremlin for the Near Dacha. Until the end of the day, even members of the Politburo are not allowed to see the leader.

From the memoirs of Politburo member Nikita Khrushchev:
“Beria told the following: when the war began, members of the Politburo gathered at Stalin's. I don’t know, all or only a certain group, which most often met with Stalin. Stalin was morally completely depressed and made the following statement: “The war has begun, it is developing catastrophically. Lenin left us the proletarian Soviet state and we screwed it up." Literally said so.
“I,” he says, “refuse leadership,” and left. He left, got into the car and drove to a nearby dacha.

Some historians, referring to the memories of other participants in the events, argue that this conversation took place a day later. But the fact that in the first days of the war Stalin was confused and did not know how to act is confirmed by many witnesses.

18:30

The commander of the 4th Army, Ludwig Kubler, gives the order to "pull his own forces" at the Brest Fortress. This is one of the first orders for the retreat of German troops.

19:00

The commander of the Army Group "Center", General Fedor von Bock, gives the order to stop the execution of Soviet prisoners of war. After that, they were kept in hastily fenced fields with barbed wire. This is how the first camps for prisoners of war appeared.

From the notes of SS Brigadeführer G. Keppler, commander of the "Der Fuhrer" regiment from the SS division "Das Reich":“In the hands of our regiment were rich trophies and a large number of prisoners, among whom were many civilians, even women and girls, the Russians forced them to defend themselves with weapons in their hands, and they bravely fought along with the Red Army.”

23:00

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill delivers a radio address in which he stated that England "will give Russia and the Russian people all the help it can."

Winston Churchill's speech on the air of the BBC radio station:“Over the past 25 years, no one has been a more consistent opponent of communism than me. I won't take back a single word I said about him. But all this pales before the spectacle now unfolding. The past with its crimes, follies and tragedies is disappearing... I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields that their fathers have cultivated since time immemorial... I see how the vile Nazi war machine is approaching all this.

23:50

The Main Military Council of the Red Army sent out Directive No. 3, ordering June 23 to launch counterattacks against enemy groups.

Text: Information Center of the Kommersant Publishing House, Tatiana Mishanina, Artem Galustyan
Video: Dmitry Shelkovnikov, Alexey Koshel
A photo: TASS, RIA Novosti, Ogonyok, Dmitry Kuchev
Design, programming and layout: Anton Zhukov, Alexey Shabrov
Kim Voronin
Commissioning Editor: Artem Galustyan