Natural conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory. Abstract: Economic and geographical characteristics of the Khabarovsk Territory Ready-made works on a similar topic
General information.
The Khabarovsky district includes 26 rural settlements and 1 urban settlement, uniting 70 settlements including: 7 settlements and 63 villages. The administrative center is located on the territory of the city of Khabarovsk, and is an independent municipality not included in the region. The total area of the district is 30.0 thousand square meters. km (3% of the territory of the entire region).
Geographical position.
The area is located in the southwestern part of the Khabarovsk Territory. It consists of two separate parts, separated by the territory of the Amur municipal district and the Amur River. The southern (right-bank) part is located around the city of Khabarovsk, and the northern (left-bank) part is located along the left bank of the Amur River, in the basin of the Tunguska River and its tributaries.
It borders on the following municipal districts of the Khabarovsk Territory: Solnechny and Verkhnebureinsky in the north and northwest, Amur in the center, Lazo District in the south, Nanai in the east. In the West, it borders on the Jewish Autonomous Region and the urban district "City of Khabarovsk".
Climate.
natural conditions and the resources of both parts of the area are very different. The right bank of the Amur, including the Amur valley, belongs to the Middle Amur Plain. Climatic and natural conditions are favorable for agriculture. 95.0 percent of the district's population lives here and the main lands of arable and natural fodder lands are concentrated, as well as almost all industrial and agricultural enterprises of the district.
The northern part of the region is located in the basin of the Kur and Urmi rivers. Covered mainly by forests, this area has a fairly large stock of timber, animals and non-timber plant resources. However, the area traditionally used for logging has not been developed in other sectors of the region's economy.
Natural resources.
On the intensively inhabited and economically developed right-bank part of the region, there are numerous prepared for industrial development, developed and mothballed deposits of building stone, clay raw materials for coarse ceramics, clay raw materials for expanded clay, refractory clays, sand and gravel materials, building sand.
The territory of the right-bank part of the district is located within the Middle Amur brown coal basin and is the most coal-bearing part of this basin. There are 2 deposits of brown coal - Khabarovsk and Bazovskoe, as well as three manifestations of brown coal.
Quite a large group of deposits of combustible minerals in the region, which may be of practical interest, are peat deposits, which are characterized by reserves (resources) of more than 100.0 thousand tons.
Metallic minerals are presented mainly on the left-bank part of the region. There are ore occurrences and a tin deposit (Yakunskoye), molybdenum and tungsten ore occurrences, some of which are promising, mercury and polymetallic ore occurrences of the large Errano-Yakunsky ore cluster and copper manifestations.
On the territory of the district, 13 sites of groundwater deposits are known, 7 of which are exploited. All of them are located on the territory of the right-bank part of the Khabarovsk municipal district and are used very limitedly (about 10.0 percent of the existing resources). The waters are used for drinking and industrial water supply through group water intakes and single wells operating both on approved and non-approved reserves.
The total forest area of the district is 23.5 thousand square meters. km, which is 78.3 percent of the total area of the district, the forest cover of the territory is 61.0 percent. The forest industry can become one of the leading branches in the economic activity of the region.
Production forests account for 84.1 percent of the total forest area. The development of commercial forests is carried out in order to ensure their multi-purpose, rational, continuous, sustainable use, as well as for the development of the forest industry. The main purpose of operational forests is to meet the needs of loggers in obtaining high-quality wood, other forest resources, and products of their processing. These forests may be provided for one or more of the following types of forest use: timber harvesting, gum harvesting, non-timber forest products harvesting and harvesting, forest food harvesting and medicinal plant harvesting, game management and hunting, agriculture, research and development educational activities, implementation of recreational activities, creation of forest plantations and their exploitation, cultivation of forest fruit, berry, ornamental plants, medicinal plants, processing of wood and other forest resources.
Population.
As of 01/01/2019, the population of the district is 92.039 thousand people, which is 6.9 percent of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory. The population density is 3.04 people per sq. km. km. The population of the Khabarovsk municipal district.
Economy.
The economy is based on enterprises of the agricultural complex, mining, forestry and food industries, the construction industry, trade and tourism.
Agriculture is the leading sector of the region's economy. The region has huge agricultural potential.
The following agricultural activities are carried out on the territory of the Khabarovsk municipal district:
10 agricultural organizations, of which the largest are limited liability companies "Danilovka", "Agricultural enterprise "Kolos", "Sergeevskoye" and "SKIFAGRO-DV".
126 registered peasant (farmer) households, including individual entrepreneurs;
10 agricultural consumer cooperatives;
11.2 thousand personal subsidiary plots.
The number of workers employed in the field of agriculture is more than 12 thousand people.
The Khabarovsk region is the main producer of livestock products in the Khabarovsk Territory.
The priority areas of the agricultural sector in the region are: the production of potatoes, vegetables, soybeans, milk, meat, eggs.
Grain and leguminous crops - 9 thousand tons (47% of the regional indicator);
Soybeans - more than 23 thousand tons (39% of the regional indicator);
Vegetables - more than 13 thousand tons (28% of the regional indicator);
Livestock and poultry meat (in live weight) - about 4.0 thousand tons (26% of the regional indicator);
Milk - more than 7 thousand tons (28% of the regional indicator);
Eggs - more than 160 million pieces (53% of the regional indicator).
The self-sufficiency of the district is:
Meat - 39%;
Milk - 24%;
Vegetables - 108%;
Potatoes - 3 times;
Egg - 7 times more than the consumption rate.
Today, the Khabarovsk municipal district contains:
More than 6 thousand heads (36% of the marginal indicator), including cows - more than 2 thousand heads (31% of the marginal indicator);
Pigs - 7 thousand heads (37% of the regional indicator).
The development of small and medium-sized businesses is one of the priority areas policy of the district, which allows you to create new jobs, replenish the local budget through tax revenues, increase the income of the population through independent economic activity.
The number of registered small and medium-sized businesses in the district as of 05/01/2019 is 2757 units. Compared to the same period last year, the number of entrepreneurs increased by 1.6%.
The construction industry, including housing construction, is actively developing. The volume of work performed by the type of activity "construction" (excluding small businesses) in 2018 amounted to 3.9 billion rubles (an increase of 8.5% compared to the same period in 2017).
For the 1st quarter of 2019, the volume of work performed by the type of activity "construction" amounted to 785.2 million rubles (a slight decrease compared to the same period in 2018 was 11.5%).
In 2018, there is a slight decrease in the pace of construction in the area. In 2018, 53.9 thousand square meters were put into operation in the district. meters of total housing area from all sources of financing, which is 4.1 percent less compared to 2017.
In 2018, the district administration commissioned 36 residential facilities with a total area of 18,639.28 sq. meters.
The planned indicator for the commissioning of housing construction facilities in the Khabarovsk municipal district for 2019 is 40.2 thousand square meters. meters.
As of May 2019, the district administration put into operation 92 residential facilities with a total area of 18617.98 sq. meters, including:
89 notices on the completion of construction of individual residential buildings, with a total area of 10919.48 sq. meters;
- 3 permits for the commissioning of multi-apartment residential buildings of developers Lyubimy Dom LLC, Investstroy, First Family Complex LLC with a total area of 7698.5 sq. meters.
By the end of 2019, it is planned to put into operation apartment buildings of developers Solnechnaya Polyana LLC, Gorod LLC (2-townhouses), First Family Complex LLC (2-houses), the total area of which is 3443.19 square meters. meters.
The food and processing industries of the Khabarovsk municipal district are represented by the main industries - meat, dairy, bakery, fish, production mineral waters, which unites in its composition more than 40 enterprises of all forms of ownership, which employ more than 1.5 thousand people.
Enterprises mastered 20 types of products: 11 - sausages, delicacies, 7 - semi-finished products, 3 - dairy products.
The products of regional food producers were regularly presented at exhibitions, fairs and competitions of various levels.
To date, 490 organizations and individual entrepreneurs operate in the area of trade, public catering and consumer services.
As of 05/01/2019, 364 trade objects operate in the district. Last year, due to the construction, as well as the reconstruction and repair of unused premises, 14 retail facilities were opened with a total area of 1386.3 square meters. meters.
For the 1st quarter of 2019, the retail trade turnover of organizations of all types of activity (excluding small businesses) amounted to 43.917 million rubles.
Today, there are 53 catering establishments operating in the district (7 restaurants, 24 cafes, 14 snack bars, 4 bars, 4 canteens) for 2587 seats. In the 1st quarter of 2019, consumer market facilities did not open.
For the 1st quarter of 2019, the turnover of public catering organizations of all types of activity (excluding small businesses) amounted to 11.217 million rubles.
An important component in the service sector is consumer services. As of May 1, 2019, 73 public service enterprises operate on the territory of the district.
The development of the consumer market is the basis for improving the quality of life of the population of the region.
The most demanded types of services remain hairdressing salons - 49 percent, enterprises for the repair and tailoring of clothes - 18 percent, tire shops - 14 percent. At the same time, such activities as repair of furniture and household items, repair and maintenance of household appliances are poorly developed in the district.
Tourism.
One of the features of the region's tourism potential is the possibility of integrated development of several types of tourism on its territory at once, which allows satisfying the needs of any target audience.
The main recreationally attractive areas are forests located near the river. Amur, r. Khor, near the lake Petropavlovsk. The main places of mass short-term recreation are the areas of the villages of Bychikha, Voronezhskoye-1, Voronezhskoye-2, Novotroitskoye, Aspen River, Sikachi-Alyan, Lake Petropavlovsk.
Currently, there are 54 objects operating in the district, offering tourist and recreational services, among them: recreation centers, hotel complexes, sports objects, health-improving establishments, objects of ecological and cultural-educational tourism.
The number of employees employed in organizations of tourist and recreational activities is 720 people. About 250 thousand people visit the objects of the tourist display of the Khabarovsk municipal district every year. For the 1st quarter of 2019, the number of tourists amounted to 380 thousand people.
The current tourist and recreational network is represented by already established organizations that are currently developing intensively and make up a complex for the production of a tourist product. Some tourist sites have already gained credibility as stable and developing enterprises. These are the well-known tourist complex "Zaimka", "Eco-Park" Voronezh "," Recreation Center "Sosnovka" (13 km)", Sports and Shooting Complex "Volkonsky", creative center "Lad", "Russian Village", Zoo named after. V.P. Sysoeva, recreation complex "Skazka", "Bolshekhekhtsirsky State Nature Reserve", recreation center "White Sail".
Transport.
The right-bank part of the district has a high degree of provision with transport communications. All settlements of the district are connected with the city of Khabarovsk, among themselves, with external destinations network highways year-round use, which includes highways of federal, regional and local significance. The main ones are:
Federal highway A370 "Ussuri" (until 2011 - M60) from Khabarovsk to Ussuriysk, 760 km long;
Federal Highway A375 "Vostok" from Khabarovsk
to Nakhodka, 824 km long;
Regional highway 08 OP RZ 08A-1 "Mr. Khabarovsk - with. Lidoga - rp. Vanino with an entrance to Komsomolsk-on-Amur, category 3;
Regional highway 08 OP RZ 08K - 87 "Mr. Khabarovsk - with. Ilyinka - s. Rocket - with. Garovka-1 - pos. them. Gorky (Khabarovsk) 3rd category;
Regional highway 08 OP RZ 08K - 84 "Entrance
to the railway Art. Khabarovsk-2";
Regional highway 08 OP RZ 08A - 22 "Khabarovsk city bypass km 0 - km 13" 3 categories;
The construction of the highway "Bypass of the city of Khabarovsk
km 13 - km 42” The commissioning of the facility is planned for 2020.
The Khabarovsk municipal district is connected by a network of roads with such transport hubs as the Krasnaya Rechka, Khabarovsk-1 and Khabarovsk-2 railway stations (Khabarovsk), sea port Vanino, Khabarovsk International Airport.
The most remote settlements of the region are located within 2.5 hours from the center of Khabarovsk.
A section of the Trans-Siberian Railway passes within the boundaries of the district. Reception and dispatch of goods railway carried out at the stations Khabarovsk - 1, Khabarovsk - 2 and other stations of the Khabarovsk railway junction.
The developed transport infrastructure in the region provides the prerequisites for the creation of logistics centers and the development of roadside services.
The river network is formed by the Amur River with tributaries of the Tunguska, Kur, Urmi, Obor, Sita and others. The largest lakes are the Peter and Paul Lake and the Darga Lake.
Investor Relations Department:
The Department economic development and attraction of investments
Khabarovsk Territory was formed in 1938. It is one of the largest entities in terms of size Russian Federation. The area of its territory is 787.6 thousand square meters. km, or 4.6 percent of the territory of Russia (4th place in the Russian Federation) and 12.7 percent of the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District (hereinafter also referred to as the FEFD) (2nd place in the FEFD).
As of January 1, 2008, the region's population was 1,403.7 thousand people (0.99% of the population of the Russian Federation, 21.6% in the Far Eastern Federal District). In terms of population, the region ranks second in the Far Eastern Federal District and 34th in the Russian Federation.
Khabarovsk Territory - administrative, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center Far East, is part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
The distance to Moscow by rail is 8,533 km, by air - 6,075 km.
Geographical location and administrative structure of the Khabarovsk TerritoryThe Khabarovsk Territory lies in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, stretching from south to north for 1,780 km, from west to east - for 125 - 750 km. It borders on China, neighbors with Primorsky Krai, Amur and Magadan regions, the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The region is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan from the east, the Tatar and Nevelsky straits are separated from the island. Sakhalin, the length of its coastline is 2.5 thousand km.
The administrative-territorial system of the region includes 236 municipalities, including two urban districts, 17 municipal districts, 29 urban settlements, 188 rural settlements.
The largest cities are the administrative capital of the region, Khabarovsk (577.3 thousand inhabitants, 2nd place in the Far Eastern Federal District), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (272.4 thousand inhabitants, 3rd place in the Far Eastern Federal District).
Natural and climatic conditions and tourist and recreational potential of the Khabarovsk TerritoryMost of the region's territory is occupied by mountains that form the Sikhote-Alin, Dzhugdzhur, and Badzhal mountain ranges. The maximum height is 2,933 m. There are about 1.5 thousand large, medium and small rivers in the region, including one of the largest rivers in Russia - the Amur, many large and small lakes.
About 100 species of fish are found in rivers and lakes. The fauna of the Khabarovsk Territory includes 70 species of mammals and more than 360 species of birds. More than 51.2 million hectares are occupied by forests in the region.
The climate of the Khabarovsk Territory is continental with well-defined monsoonal features. Winter is long and severe, dry and sunny. The average air temperature in January ranges from -22ºС in the south to -40ºС in the north; on the coast from -18 to -24ºС. Summers are warm and humid, the average July temperature in the south is +22ºС, in the north +14ºС. The duration of the frost-free period in the south of the region is 130 - 150 days, in the central and northern regions from 90 to 130 days. The annual amount of precipitation ranges from 400 mm in the north to 800 mm in the plains.
The tourist and recreational potential of the region is due to the favorable geographical location of the region, its economic development, high concentration and diversity of natural resources, rich cultural and historical heritage.
The territory of the region is unique in abundance unusual shapes relief, rivers, lakes, a combination of rare species of plants and animals and their communities, as well as untouched natural landscape. About 250 natural monuments are located on the territory of the region. The Amur River is one of the main attractions of the region, in the valley of which the largest number of natural, cultural and historical tourist sites are concentrated.
There are more than 360 monuments of cultural heritage in the region, which are of interest for the development of cultural, educational, ethnographic tourism. Khabarovsk Krai is one of the most multinational regions in Russia. A special ethnographic area is formed by the indigenous peoples of the North: Nanais, Udeges, Ulchis, Orochs, Evenks, Nivkhs and others. Among the objects of ethnographic tourism, the most interesting is the unique archaeological monument "Petroglyphs of Sikachi-Alyan" (rock paintings of ancient inhabitants dating back to the 12th millennium BC).
Potential natural resources Khabarovsk TerritoryMineral resource base
The mineral resource potential is one of the main competitive advantages of the region.
The share of the reserves of the main types of minerals in the Khabarovsk Territory in the mineral resource potential of the Far Eastern Federal District is 50 percent for platinum, 8 percent for gold, 20 percent for tin, 50 percent for copper, and 7.5 percent for coal. .
There are significant reserves of non-ferrous, rare metals and building materials. Deposits of agrochemical raw materials, colored stones, mineral underground waters, therapeutic mud and mineral paints have also been identified.
Areas promising for tungsten, platinum group minerals, oil and gas have been identified in the region.
At the same time, the poor geological knowledge of the territory of the region should be noted. A geological survey at a scale of 1:50,000, at the stage of which most deposits and ore occurrences are revealed, was carried out on only 35 percent of the territory of the region, which is typical for the Far East region as a whole.
Aquatic biological resources
The main fish resources of the Khabarovsk Territory are represented by freshwater and marine hydrobionts.
Freshwater resources of the Khabarovsk Territory are mainly associated with the river. Cupid. More than 30 species of fish are of commercial importance, 20 of which have a high commercial value. These are Pacific anadromous salmon (chum salmon, pink salmon, char-malma, sim), sturgeon (kaluga and Amur sturgeon), some species of large part (pike, carp, skygazer, catfish, silver carp, taimen, lenok, whitefish, yellow-cheek, bream). Every year, in the inland waters of the region, fisheries take 5–9 thousand tons of fish.
In the coastal waters of the Tatar Strait and the Sea of Okhotsk, salmon, Pacific herring (spawning), capelin, flounder, kelp, and crabs are caught. The annual catch of aquatic biological resources in the coastal zone is 34 - 40 thousand tons.
Water resources
The water supply of the region's population is one of the highest in Russia - about 330 thousand cubic meters. m per person. There are about 206 thousand rivers in the region, including the smallest and smallest, with a total length of more than 550 thousand km with a total flow of almost 400 cubic meters. km per year. The main water artery - the Amur River - is one of the largest rivers in Russia, ranking fourth in terms of water content after the Yenisei, Lena and Ob. The mouth of the river is accessible to sea vessels, which can rise through high water to the city of Khabarovsk.
The hydropower potential of the rivers of the Khabarovsk Territory is 23 billion kWh per year.
There are more than 58 thousand large and small lakes in the region with a total water surface area of about 4 thousand square meters. km. The largest of them are located in the Amur River basin: Bolon, Orel, Chukchagir. In the region there is a part of the Bureya reservoir with an area of 373 sq. km, there are 2 reservoirs with a volume of more than 1 million cubic meters. m each.
The predicted operational resources of groundwater in the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory are about 48 million cubic meters. m per day. In total, about 40 deposits have been explored in the region.
Among the mineral waters, carbonic and nitrogenous waters are the most common. The most famous are three deposits of mineral waters: Annensky thermal springs, Tumninskoye and Mukhenskoye.
Land resources
The area of the land fund of the Khabarovsk Territory as of January 01, 2008 amounted to 78,763.3 thousand hectares, of which agricultural land is 375.8 thousand hectares (0.5% of the territory of the region), land of settlements - 420.2 thousand ha (0.5%), forest land - 73,707.4 thousand ha (93.6%), reserve land - 1,384.1 thousand ha (1.8%), water fund land - “961.4 thousand hectares (1.2%), lands of specially protected natural areas and objects - 1,646.2 thousand hectares (2.1%), lands of industry and other special purposes - 268.2 thousand. ha (0.3%).
The total area of agricultural land in all categories of land amounted to 665.9 thousand hectares (0.9% of the total land fund of the Khabarovsk Territory).
As of January 01, 2008, citizens and legal entities own 62.8 thousand hectares (less than 0.1% of the land fund of the region). The share of land in state and municipal ownership amounted to 99.9 percent (78,700.5 thousand hectares).
forest resources
The Khabarovsk Territory stands out as the country's largest timber region. The timber stock is 6.6 percent of the timber reserves of the Russian Federation and 25.3 percent of the timber reserves of the Far Eastern Federal District.
The main forest-forming species occupy an area of 44.7 million hectares, including conifers - 37.5 million hectares (84.1%), hardwoods - 1.5 million hectares (3.3%), softwoods - “5.7 million ha (12.6%).
The stock of the main forest-forming species is 4.85 billion cubic meters. m, of which coniferous - 4.27 billion cubic meters. m (88.2%), hardwood - 0.18 billion cubic meters. m (3.6%), softwood - 0.40 billion cubic meters. m (8.2%).
The stock of mature and overmature plantations available for exploitation is 1.42 billion cubic meters. m, including coniferous - 1.25 billion cubic meters. m (88.5%), hardwood - 81.0 million cubic meters. m (5.6%), softwood - 83.3 million cubic meters. m (5.9%).
Estimated cutting area (annual release rate) for 2007 amounted to 23.6 million cubic meters. m, including available - 15.4 million cubic meters. m. Actual logging for the main use in 2007 amounted to 7.9 million cubic meters. m.
Specially protected natural areas
In the Khabarovsk Territory, 6 state nature reserves with a total area of 2,107 thousand hectares have been created and are functioning, of which 1,699.2 thousand hectares are a protected area, a national park with an area of 429.37 thousand hectares, as well as 5 state nature reserves of federal significance, total the area of which is 734.2 thousand hectares.
The largest area in the system of regional specially protected natural areas is occupied by 20 state regional reserves - 2,444.9 thousand hectares (3.1% of the territory of the region). Among them, 6 reserves have a profile of ichthyological (fishery) with a total area of 334.8 thousand hectares.
In order to ensure the preservation of spatial and genetic links and the integrity of the Amur tiger population in the Far East, 4 ecological corridors with a total area of 156.6 thousand hectares have been formed in the region.
There are more than 60 natural monuments of regional significance in the Khabarovsk Territory. Among them are unique, irreplaceable, ecologically, scientifically, culturally and aesthetically valuable natural complexes, as well as objects of natural and artificial origin. Among the most famous natural monuments of regional significance are the landslide lake Amut in the Solnechny municipal district, the arboretum of the Forestry Research Institute and the nursery named after Shuranov in the center of Khabarovsk, the Shaman rock outcrop in the Komsomolsk municipal district.
The Red Book of the Khabarovsk Territory includes 310 objects of flora and 159 objects of the animal world.
Economic potential of the Khabarovsk TerritoryThe Khabarovsk Territory is one of the most economically developed territories of the Russian Far East. In terms of gross regional product, the region ranks third in the Far Eastern Federal District and accounts for 0.9 percent of the total gross regional product in the Russian Federation in 2006. The region ranks 20th in the Russian Federation in terms of gross regional product per capita and 2nd in the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of shipped goods of its own production.
In terms of investment, the region accounts for 1.15 percent in Russia and ranks 3rd in the Far Eastern Federal District. According to the Expert RA rating agency, the Khabarovsk Territory is classified as a "growth pole" region, which indicates the region's potential for further socio-economic development and improvement of its investment position.
Based on research from the National Institute systems studies problems of entrepreneurship Khabarovsk Krai is among the 10 best regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the increase in the number of registered small enterprises per 100 thousand inhabitants as of October 01, 2007.
According to the results of a comprehensive study of the competitiveness of regions, carried out in 2008 by the autonomous non-profit organization "Regional Policy Institute" with the support of the Ministry of Regional Policy of the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk took 19th place out of 82 subjects of the Russian Federation for which studies were conducted, and entered the group of competitiveness leaders.
According to research conducted in 2007 by the Institute for the Development of the Information Society with the support of the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of the Russian Federation, the Khabarovsk Territory took 10th place in the rating of readiness of Russian regions for the information society.
According to Forbes magazine (June 2008), Khabarovsk, the capital of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Far Eastern Federal District, ranked eighth in the ranking of the best cities for business among 85 Russian cities with a population of over 200,000 people.
The basis of the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory is a fairly diversified industrial production, which includes a number of military-industrial enterprises. The volume of shipped products (works, services) of mining, manufacturing, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water of the region is more than a fifth of the volume of the Far Eastern Federal District.
The region produces the bulk of machine-building products, timber products, petroleum products, steel volumes and all rolled steel in the Far Eastern Federal District.
In 2007, the region ranked third in the Russian Federation in the extraction of precious metals and the export of timber.
The transport system of the region is one of the key transport hubs of the Far East region. The transit functions of the region, located in the center of the Far East, are of great importance not only in the regional, but also all-Russian and international terms. Two railway lines pass through the territory of the region - Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur, providing access to the main Pacific ports of the country. Between the mainland railway network and about. Sakhalin operates a ferry service Vanino - Kholmsk.
The largest international airport in the Far East, Khabarovsk, accepts aircraft of all types. Regular air routes connect Khabarovsk with more than 40 cities in Russia and the CIS countries, air communication has been established with the People's Republic of China (Beijing, Harbin, Guangzhou, Dalian), Japan (Niigata, Aomori), the Republic of Korea (Korean). Seoul), Israel (Tel Aviv), Thailand (Bangkok).
With the commissioning of the second stage of the bridge across the river. Amur near the city of Khabarovsk and the highway Chita - Khabarovsk will significantly strengthen the position of the region in road transport, transit of road cargo.
Foreign economic activity has a significant impact on the economy of the region.
*Including the export of petroleum products produced in the territory of the region.
Machinery and equipment, oil products, raw timber, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, fish and seafood, sawn timber occupy the largest share in the structure of regional exports.
*Excluding exports of petroleum products produced in the territory of the region.
The main trading partners of the region are China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, the USA, Vietnam, which accounted for more than 80 percent of the total value of the foreign trade turnover of the region.
The largest regional exporters in last years were LLC RN - Komsomolsk Oil Refinery, LLC Alliance-Khabarovsk, LLC Khabarovsk Fuel Company, OJSC Amurmetal, CJSC Smena-Trading, LLC Dalvtorsyre, OJSC Khabarovsk Shipbuilding Plant, CJSC " Flora", LLC JV "Arkaim".
In the structure of regional imports, the largest share falls on textiles, textile products and footwear, machinery and equipment.
Over the past 7 years, the macroeconomic situation in the region was characterized by the following growth rates in the production of goods and services, investments in the economy and the social sphere (table c - 1).
Table in „– 1
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Russian В В В В В В В В В В В В В В В Federation |
Khabarovsk region |
Far Eastern Federal District H H H H H H H H District |
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2007 to 2000 (percent) |
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Gross domestic product – sum of regions (gross regional product) |
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Industrial production index |
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Investments in fixed assets |
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Agricultural products |
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Freight transport |
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Retail turnover |
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Real average wage |
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Moreover, the lag in the index of industrial production and gross regional product from the rates in the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District was due to a sharp decline in production at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aviation Production Association named after Yu.A. Gagarin in 2006 in connection with the completion of export contracts, which in previous years accounted for up to 80 percent of the enterprise's production.
The main indicators of the socio-economic development of the Khabarovsk Territory for 2000 - 2007 are given in Appendix C - 1.
During the period 2001 - 2007, the number of people employed in the economy increased by 59.7 thousand people, the output per one employed in the economy of the region increased by 27.8 percent (in a comparable assessment), by 1 ruble of fixed assets - by 54 percent, energy intensity decreased by 31.3 percent.
Investments in fixed capital over this period per one employed in the region's economy increased by 72.3 percent (in a comparable estimate), and by 1 ruble of fixed assets - by 70 percent.
Payments to the federal budget and the budget of the region increased by 2.5 times per one employed in the region's economy, by 33 percent by 1 ruble of fixed assets in current prices.
The indicators characterizing the development of the economy in the region are presented in appendices c - 2, 3.
In 2006, the gross regional product of the Khabarovsk Territory amounted to 196.2 billion rubles, the growth rate of its real volume against the level of 2005 was 105.3 percent. In 2007, the trend of growth of the region's economy continued, according to estimates, the gross regional product amounted to more than 234 billion rubles, with an increase of 7 percent compared to the level of 2006. The average annual growth rate for the period 2001-2007 was 105.8 percent.
In the structure of the gross regional product of the Khabarovsk Territory (hereinafter also referred to as GRP), the main place is occupied by mining, manufacturing and production and distribution of electricity, gas and water - 25.4 percent in 2006, 18.3 percent falls on transport and communications, 15.2 percent - for trade and public catering, agriculture and forestry - 7 percent, construction - 7.5 percent, real estate transactions, rent and provision of services - 9.2 percent, other economic activities - “ 17.4 percent.
Historically, the industrial structure of the economy has developed in the Khabarovsk Territory with a fairly diversified industrial production, which includes a complex of military-industrial enterprises.
Demographic and migration potential of the Khabarovsk TerritoryAs of January 01, 2008, the total permanent population of the Khabarovsk Territory was 1,403.7 thousand people, including 1,130.8 thousand people (80.6%) urban residents and 272.9 thousand people (19 .4%) are rural.
About 80 percent of the territory of the region belongs to the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas, where 43 percent of the population lives. Representatives of 17 indigenous peoples of the North live compactly in the national villages of the region. According to the 2002 census, the total number of indigenous peoples of the North is 23 thousand people (9.4% in the Russian Federation). The most numerous of them are Nanais (8.2 thousand people), Evenki (3.5 thousand people) and Ulchi (2.5 thousand people).
The population is unevenly distributed throughout the region. The specific features of settlement are due to the significant length of the territory, the remoteness of settlements from the regional and regional centers, and their inaccessibility. The maximum population density is noted in the cities of Khabarovsk - 1,443.4 people per 1 sq. km. km and Komsomolsk-on-Amur - 908.2 people; the lowest in Ayano-Maisky, Tuguro-Chumikansky and Okhotsk districts - 0.02 - 0.03 people per 1 sq. km. km. The average population density in the region as of January 01, 2008 was 1.8 persons per 1 sq. km. km, which is 1.6 times higher than in the Far Eastern Federal District, and 4.6 times less than in Russia as a whole.
Of the total number of people younger than working age was 16 percent, able-bodied - 66.1 percent, older than working age - 17.9 percent.
The life expectancy of the population of the Khabarovsk Territory in 2007 was 64.8 years, in Russia - 67.5 years, in the Far Eastern Federal District - 64.9 years.
The demographic situation in the region reflects the average Russian trends of recent years and is characterized by a reduction in the total number and aging of the population.
The economically active population is about 54 percent of the resident population.
Distribution of the number of people employed in the economy by level of education in 2006 (percentage of the total number of people employed)
More than 33 percent of those employed in the economy have a professional higher education, more than 31 percent - secondary vocational education, 21 percent - complete secondary (general), about 9 percent - vocational primary education.
The migration of the population had a negative impact on the formation of the population potential of the region, with the exception of 2003, in which the region had a positive balance of migration in the amount of 554 people, and 2007, respectively, 1,904 people. In 2007, the positive balance of migration is associated with a change in the statistical record of foreign citizens and stateless persons.
Today, the demographic potential existing in the region is insufficient for dynamic socio-economic development and ensuring national security.
Human Resources
During the period 2000 - 2007, the number of labor resources in the Khabarovsk Territory increased by 2.7 percent due to the increase in persons older than working age employed in the economy by 20.4 percent, the growth in the number of foreign workers by 5.7 times. At the same time, the working-age population decreased by 1.7 percent over the specified period.
In 2007, the number of labor resources in the region amounted to 980.6 thousand people, or 69.8 percent of the total population. About 80 percent of the total labor force falls on the economically active part of the population, of which 95 percent are employed in the economy.
Economic growth in recent years has led to positive changes in the labor market - an increase in employment and a decrease in unemployment. During the period 2000 - 2007, over 100 thousand new jobs were introduced, of which more than 40 percent were in the small business sector.
Dynamics of employment in the Khabarovsk Territory (thousand people)
As a result, the employment of the population during this period increased by 8.8 percent, the total number of unemployed decreased by half - from 93.5 thousand people to 44.4 thousand people, the level of general unemployment decreased from 12.2 percent to 5.9 percent from the economically active population (Russia - 6.1%).
In the medium term, the state of labor resources in the Khabarovsk Territory will be determined mainly by the unfavorable development of the demographic situation and in the future may become a limiting factor in socio-economic development.
Ensuring the transparency of the activities of the executive authorities of the regionTo increase the transparency of interaction between the executive authorities of the region and civil society, separate elements of "electronic government" are being created in the region.
In 2008, the Web site "Regulatory legal acts of the Khabarovsk Territory" was put into operation, where the current acts of the Governor and the Government of the Khabarovsk Territory since 2005 are posted, and the information portal of public services, which provides information on more than 80 public services provided by citizens, and more than 70 public services provided to organizations. A section "Administrative regulations of public services (functions)" has been created, which contains approved administrative regulations, drafts of proposed administrative regulations, on which the population and organizations can comment. For 10 months of 2008 there were 128 thousand visits to the pages of this section.
Enterprises and organizations widely use the "Purchases" section of the Krai Government Web site, which contains information on order procedures (notifications, protocols, etc.) for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for state and municipal needs of the Khabarovsk Territory. In 2007, there were 1.46 million visits to the pages of this section.
This Web site for entrepreneurs and investors contains information about the availability of free for organizing or expanding a business on the production areas proposed for sale or lease.
Since 2002, the site "Small Business of the Khabarovsk Territory" has been operating, where information of interest to entrepreneurs (regulatory, analytical, statistical, etc.) is posted.
The interaction between business and government is carried out within the framework of the work of the Council for Entrepreneurship under the Governor of the Khabarovsk Territory, the Interdepartmental Council under the Government of the Territory to remove barriers to the development of entrepreneurship.
The Ministry of Economic Development and Foreign Relations of the Khabarovsk Territory has a "hotline" organized by the Government of the Territory in 2006 to address administrative barriers in the relationship between entrepreneurs and federal, regional executive authorities and local governments.
annotation
In the course work “Economic and geographical characteristics
Khabarovsk Territory ”I reviewed a comprehensive assessment
edges in all its diversity and from different angles. The economic
geographical position edge (profitability of the EGP), given the economic
assessment of natural conditions and resources (TSPR), reviewed
demographic situation and labor resources of the region (the coefficient
correlation), an assessment of the economic activity was carried out (the coefficient
specialization, a diagram of the energy production cycle was drawn up) and
transport (characteristics of individual modes of transport, calculation
density of transport routes) of the region's complexes, analyzed
environmental problems of the Khabarovsk Territory (the level of impact is calculated
each individual city on the natural environment). The purpose of this work
is the consideration of the Khabarovsk Territory as a structural unit of TOPS
countries with natural resources, demographic and
economic potential.
Pages 52
Tables 11
Pictures 6
Bibliographic sources 13
Introduction…………………………………………………………………..1
1. Economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory……….7
2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources……….…11
3. Population and labor resources……………………………………..17
4. Economic complex of the Khabarovsk Territory……………………..21
5. Transport complex of the Khabarovsk Territory…………………………37
6. Environmental problems Khabarovsk Territory……………………..42
Conclusion.
Bibliographic list.
Introduction
Khabarovsk Krai is located in the Far East of the Russian Federation. In the West and in the north, the Khabarovsk Territory borders on the subjects of the Russian Federation - the Jewish Autonomous Region, Amur Region, the Republic of Sakha and the Magadan region. The eastern border of the region passes through the territory of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan, separating the water possessions of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Sakhalin Region. To the south of the region are Primorsky Krai and the People's Republic of China. The Khabarovsk Territory is part of the Far Eastern Economic Region.
The territory of the region occupies 4.6% of the area of Russia. More than half of the region's area is occupied by plateaus and mountains reaching 2500 m in some places. A well-developed river network allows the use and development of river navigation, and hundreds and thousands of lakes of the region are rich sources of fish. The climate in the region is moderate, monsoonal, the average temperature in summer does not exceed +24 ° C in the southern part of the region and +15 ° C in the north, in winter - -23 ° C in the south and -40 ° C, on the coast: -18 ° C and -24 o C, respectively. Annual precipitation is 400 - 600 mm in the north and 600 - 800 mm in the south, in the mountains this figure sometimes reaches 1000 mm.
The Khabarovsk Territory includes 17 administrative districts and two cities of regional subordination: Khabarovsk (with a population slightly exceeding 612 thousand people) and Komsomolsk-on-Amur (about 298.5 thousand people). In general, there are 7 cities, 27 urban-type settlements and 186 rural administrations in the region. More than 1571 thousand people live in the region, about 81% of whom are urban residents.
Khabarovsk Krai is located in the south of the Russian Far East. There are two most important factors that determine the position of the Khabarovsk Territory in the system of Russian regions. First of all, the special economic and geographical position of the region.
The second factor is a powerful resource potential. The Khabarovsk Territory is one of the richest regions of Russia. This gives him the opportunity to occupy an important place in the country's economy in a number of raw material positions.
Land, water and air routes pass through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, connecting the interior regions of Russia with the Pacific ports, and the CIS countries and Western Europe with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
The purpose of this work is to consider the Khabarovsk Territory as a structural unit of the country's TOPS, which has a natural resource, demographic and economic potential.
The task of the study is to show the current state of the natural, social and sectoral components of the region's economy.
1. Economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory.
The Khabarovsk Territory is located in the Far East of the Russian Federation on the territory of 788.6 thousand km 2 (4.6% of the area of Russia). The distance from the regional center Khabarovsk to Moscow is 8533 km. The total population of the region is 1.9 million people, the average density - 2.2 people / km2 - one of the lowest among all subjects of the Federation.
Khabarovsk is the main and largest city in the Khabarovsk Territory. Founded in 1858 as a military post Khabarovka (named after the Russian explorer E. P. Khabarov). Since 1880 - the city of Khabarovka, the administrative center of the Primorsky region, since 1884 - the Amur Governor-General. In 1893 the city was renamed Khabarovsk. In 1872 a river port was built in Khabarovsk. In 1873 the first Primary School. In 1897 Khabarovsk was connected by railway with Vladivostok. IN late XIX in. in Khabarovsk there was a stone Orthodox cathedral, 3 Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, 11 schools, including a real one, cadet corps, technical railway, women's gymnasium, etc. Furs were traded. There was a steam mill and several brick factories. In 1891, a monument was unveiled to Count N. N. Muravyov-Amursky, the governor-general of Eastern Siberia (he led expeditions along the Amur in 1850-55). In 1894, the Amur (Khabarovsk) department of the Russian Geographic Society with museum and library. In 1902, the Arsenal military plant (now Daldiesel) was founded in Khabarovsk. In 1908 the base of the Amur Flotilla was created. At the beginning of the XX century. Khabarovsk is a large shopping center of the Far East. In 1916, a railway bridge was built across the Amur, connecting Khabarovsk by rail with Eastern Siberia. In November 1922, Khabarovsk, as part of the Far Eastern Republic (FER), became part of the RSFSR. Since 1926 - the center of the Far East, since 1938 - the Khabarovsk Territory. In 1940 it was connected by railway through the Volochaevka station with Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
The distribution of the population over the territory of the region is extremely uneven: the southern part is most densely populated (Bikinsky district - 11.8 people / km2), the least densely populated is the northern part (Ayano-Maysky district - 0.03 people / km2).
78% of the population lives in cities and 22% in rural areas. There are 7 cities on the territory of the region, among the largest are Khabarovsk (612 thousand), Komsomolsk-on-Amur (315 thousand), Amursk (60 thousand), Nikolaevsk-on-Amur (37 thousand)
Representatives of about 100 nationalities live in the region: Russians (86%), Ukrainians (6.2%), Belarusians (1.1%), Tatars (1.0%), Jews (0.8%), Koreans (0. 5%) and others.
The number of able-bodied population employed in the forest complex is 22.2 thousand people or 4.6%.
Industry plays a leading role in the region's economy (60% of the total regional product). The region produces 22% of the industrial output of the entire Far East and 1.2% of the industrial output of Russia. The main industries are mechanical engineering and metalworking, food industry, timber, woodworking and pulp and paper industry, building materials industry.
The share of forest complex products in the total volume of industrial production of the region is estimated at 3%, which approximately corresponds to the same indicator among other richly forested regions of Russia. The Khabarovsk Territory produces 44% of all commercial timber harvested in the Far East, 35% of sawn timber, 63% of pulp, 44% of chipboard, 65% of cardboard.
The main enterprises of the complex are concentrated in its southern and central parts and gravitate towards the railway transport routes and the sea coast.
At the same time, over the past 10 years, the timber complex of the region has experienced a serious decline: the volume of timber exports has decreased by 3.5 times, the production of sawn timber - by 11 times, wood-based panels - by 8 times. The structure of timber industry production of the region is characterized by an extremely low level of processing of wood raw materials. Industrial roundwood (sawlogs, veneer logs and pulpwood) is almost entirely exported. This puts the economy of the timber complex in complete dependence on the price environment in foreign markets, and, above all, in Japan.
Khabarovsk Territory is one of the most major regions Russian Federation. Its area is 12.7 percent - the Far East economic region. The territory of the region stretches from north to south for almost 1800 kilometers and from west to east for 125 - 750 kilometers. The distance from its center to Moscow by rail is 8533 km, by air - 6075 km. The region is washed by the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan (Tatar Strait). The length of the coastline (including islands, the largest of which
Shantar) - 3390 kilometers.
On the coast of the Tatar Strait, water areas convenient for the construction of ports are distinguished - Chikhachev Bay, Vanino Bay, and especially - a unique complex of deep-water, well-protected and extensive bays that form Sovetskaya Gavan Bay. This bay, as well as the neighboring Vanino Bay, are also accessible to ships in winter. The region is characterized by a well-developed river network. Most of it belongs to the Pacific Ocean (rivers of the Amur basin), a smaller part - to the Arctic Ocean basin (rivers of the Lena basin). The territory of the region in the north is 430 km away from the Arctic Circle, and the southern tip is located on a parallel passing north of Hokkaido and the American city of Portland and slightly south of Rostov-on-Don.
The Khabarovsk Territory has common borders with all administrative units of the Far East, or at least exits to them. In the West, it borders on the Amur Region, in the north-west, on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the north - on the Magadan Region, in the east - on the Sakhalin Region, from which it is separated by the waters of the Tatar Strait, the Nevelsky Strait and the Amur Estuary, in the south - with Primorsky Krai and in the south-west - with the People's Republic of China. The border with China runs along the Ussuri River, the channels of Kazakevichevo, then along the Amur. Its length is hundreds of kilometers. The border of the Khabarovsk Territory has access to the Pacific Ocean through the Sea of Okhotsk. Through the main seaport of the Khabarovsk Territory, Vanino, transport and economic relations are carried out with the Magadan and Sakhalin regions. The economic and geographical position of the Khabarovsk Territory is very peculiar. On the one hand, this is the region most separated from the center of Russia, with which communications are very difficult: the Trans-Siberian Railway remains the only land route so far, on the other hand, it is Russia's access to the Pacific Ocean, to the rapidly developing Asia-Pacific region, where over half of the world's population. Relations between the countries of this region are now strengthening, and it is undesirable for Russia to remain aloof from this.
General characteristics of the Khabarovsk Territory
This subject of the Russian Federation is located in the southeastern part of the Far East. The area of the region is 787.6 thousand square meters. km. The region is part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
In the south, the Khabarovsk Territory borders on the Primorsky Territory, in the southwest the border passes with the Jewish Autonomous Region, the western border passes with the Amur Region, in the northwest with the Republic of Sakha and in the northeast with the Magadan Region.
The Khabarovsk Territory is washed by the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. It is separated from Sakhalin Island by the Tatar and Nevelsk straits. Part of the southwestern border falls on China.
The region includes several islands, the largest of which is the Shantar Islands. This is an archipelago, which includes 15 mountainous islands in the Sea of Okhotsk. The islands are covered with ice for almost 8 months a year, and in 2013 they were declared a national park.
As of January 1, 2016, 1.3 million people lived in the region. The center of the region is the city of Khabarovsk. The territory of the subject is stretched from north to south to the border with China for 1800 km, and from the west to the Pacific coast from 125 to 750 km.
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Khabarovsk Krai is located in the 8th time zone, which means that the difference with Moscow will be +7 hours. The Khabarovsk Territory was formed on October 20, 1938.
Remark 1
The foundation and development of Khabarovsk itself is associated with the name of G.I. Nevelsky, who was the first to determine this place for the city. He believed that the future city would become a key city in the Russian Far East.
In 1858, the Khabarovka military post was established in this place. So, at the behest of N.N. Muravyov-Amursky, the name of E. Khabarov was immortalized, who 200 years earlier founded the first settlements of Russian people on the Amur. The more familiar name Khabarovsk was given to the settlement in 1893.
Natural conditions of the region
Khabarovsk Krai is located in the monsoon climate zone characterized by cold winters and hot, humid summers.
The terrain and proximity to the seas have a significant impact on the climate of the region. In the north of the continental part of the region, for example, the average January temperature is -40 degrees, and in the south -22 degrees. On the eastern sea coast, the temperature varies from -24 to -18 degrees. The average July temperature is from +15 degrees in the north to +20 in the south.
Summer is hot except for the sea coast. In July and early August, humid tropical air masses droop within the region, so it rains in the southern regions.
Permafrost rocks spread in the northern regions. The relief is dominated by mountain forms with a height of 500 to 2500 m and occupy 70% of the territory. Among them are such famous ranges as
- Dzhugdzhur,
- badjal,
- Sikhote-Alin,
- Khingan.
There are small volcanoes in the Amur valley, others are located on the Bolshoi Ussuriysky and Yadasen islands.
Remark 2
The region is located in a 6-point seismic zone. The probability of earthquakes is most typical for the northern regions.
Plain forms were formed along the valleys of the Amur, Tugur, Uda, Amgun. The largest is the Middle Amur Plain, which is also heavily swamped. There is also the Evoron-Tugur lowland and the Okhotsk lowland.
More than 120 thousand large and small rivers carry their waters through the territory. Most of them belong to the Amur basin, which is one of the longest rivers in the country.
The largest tributaries of the Amur are
- Bureya,
- Tunguska,
- Gorin,
- Amgun,
- Ussuri,
- Anyui,
The rivers are mostly rain-fed. Melted spring waters of great importance Dont Have. There are about 55 thousand lakes in the region.
A variety of climatic conditions contributed to the formation of different soils - from permafrost soils in the north to brown taiga soils in the south. As for the entire Far East, the Khabarovsk Territory is also characterized by contrast and variegation of the vegetation cover.
Representatives of plant worlds of different origin and composition meet here.
The region is located in the zone of coniferous forests and the zone of mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. The boundaries of the zones run parallel to the direction of the ridges. Forests occupy 50 million hectares with a predominance of conifers. To the north, the edges of the forest gradually become thinner.
The light coniferous forests of the northern and northwestern parts of the region are represented by Daurian larch and Okhotsk larch. Gradually, Ayan spruce and some types of birches are added to them.
To the south of the permafrost and in the lower reaches of the Amur, dark coniferous spruce-fir taiga begins.
The Middle Amur Plain is occupied by mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. Broad-leaved species here are represented mainly by Mongolian oak. Lemongrass and wild black Amur grapes wrap around trees and shrubs.
In the forests of the region, unique medicinal plants grow - ginseng, eleutherococcus, magnolia vine, aralia, etc. Unique and diverse animal world forests inhabited by reindeer, ermine, wolverine. Here you can also meet lynx, Himalayan bear, Ussuri tiger. The fur world is also diverse - sable, mink, squirrel, Siberian weasel, muskrat are the main objects of fur trade. More than 100 species of fish live in rivers and lakes, including sturgeon and salmon.
The impact of Khabarovsk climate on human health
The climatic conditions of Khabarovsk are most often called unique - Siberian frosts with sunny days and a wind that destroys everything.
Summers are similar to Vietnamese - hot and humid. The city, located on a small hill, is surrounded on one side by a giant Amur floodplain, and on the other side it is surrounded by huge swamps, where during the hot summer there are constant processes of decomposition of organisms.
Such a unique climatic combination can hardly be found anywhere else. One of the factors affecting human health is solar radiation.
The index is the ratio of the proportion of 90-year-olds to the total number of 60-year-olds. In Russia, this index amounted to 9.16 ‰. In the Far East, it turned out to be the lowest - 5.20%, and specifically for the Khabarovsk Territory - 4.93%.
An essential characteristic of the climate is the content of water vapor in the air. From the point of view of physiology, the relative humidity of the air is from 40 to 60%.
The Khabarovsk Territory is located in a humid climate, where the average annual humidity is 72-78%.
The month of July has the highest absolute air humidity, which is associated with the arrival of sea air masses, which bring a large amount of precipitation. Most of the precipitation occurs in the summer, which falls in the form of heavy rains of great intensity.
The summer air is so humid that clothes become damp overnight. Air humidity affects the human body in combination with other meteorological factors, increasing their influence. This factor is air temperature. At the same temperature, moist air is warmer than dry air.
Under such conditions, a person experiences pain in the limbs, deterioration in mood, palpitations.
Another indicator of the influence of climate is the appearance in the summer of the so-called stuffy weather, which is formed at high humidity and high air temperature. These weathers appear in June and reach their peak in the third decade of July.
Remark 3
Thus, frequent weather changes with a combination of high humidity and high temperature are assessed in the south of the Far East as a pathological factor of the Far East summer monsoon.
- Subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Area- 788.6 thousand sq. km.
Length: From south to north for 1,800 km. From west to east - 125-750 km.
Population- 1401.9 thousand people (2009 data)
Population density - 1.8 people. per 1 sq. km.
The share of the urban population is 80.6%, rural - 19.4%.
Administrative center- Khabarovsk.
Geographical position.
The Khabarovsk Territory is located in the center of the Russian Far East. Mountain relief prevails on the territory of the region (over 70% of the territory). About three quarters of the region's territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus with heights from 500 to 2500 meters. The main mountain ranges - Sikhote-Alin, Coastal, Dzhugdzhur - in the east; Turana, Bureinsky, Badzhalsky, Yam-Alin - in the southwest; Yudomsky, Suntar-Khayata (with the highest point of Mount Beryl - 2933 m) - in the north. The Yudomo-Maya Upland is located in the northwest.
The largest flat area is the heavily swampy Middle Amur Plain located on both sides of the Amur. The most extensive lowlands are also the Nizhneamurskaya, Evoron-Tugurskaya - in the south and in the central part, and the Okhotsk - in the north.
Land, water and air routes pass through the territory of the region, connecting the interior regions of Russia with the Pacific ports, and the countries of the CIS and Western Europe with the states of the Asia-Pacific region.
In addition to the main, continental part, the region includes some islands, including the largest - Shantar. The total length of the coastline is about 2,500 km, including the islands - 3,390 km.
From the northeast and east, the region is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk, from the southeast - by the Sea of Japan. It is separated from Sakhalin Island by the Tatarsky and Nevelsky straits.
The territory of the region in the north is 430 km away from the Arctic Circle.
Borders:
In the north - with the Magadan Region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
In the southwest - with the Jewish Autonomous Region.
In the west - with the Amur region.
In the south - with the People's Republic of China and Primorsky Krai.
Climate.
The climate is moderately monsoonal. Spring in most of the territory begins in early March and is characterized by a long duration and instability of temperatures. Summer in almost the entire territory, with the exception of the coastal-marine areas, is hot and humid, since in July - early August tropical air masses, characterized by high humidity, penetrate into the southern regions of the region. Warm, dry weather sets in at the beginning of autumn. Winter is characterized by sunny, little snow weather with severe frosts, often accompanied by winds. On the coast, frosts are somewhat weaker.
Climatic conditions change when moving from north to south and also depend on the proximity to the sea, the shape and nature of the relief. These changes are very significant.
The average temperature in January varies in continental regions from -22 degrees Celsius in the south to -40 degrees Celsius in the north. On the coast - from -18 degrees Celsius to -24 degrees Celsius. The absolute minimum temperature even in the south of the region reaches -50 degrees Celsius. The average July temperature in the south is +20 degrees Celsius, in the north - +15 degrees Celsius.
The growing season (with temperatures of 5 degrees C and above) is from 170 - 177 days in the southern regions, up to 130 days - in the north.
The annual amount of precipitation ranges from 400-600 mm in the north to 600-800 mm on the plains and eastern slopes of the ridges and more than 1000 mm in the mountains. In the south of the region, up to 90% of precipitation falls from April to October, especially in July and August.
Permafrost rocks are widespread in the north.
Water resources.
The region is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan.
There are about 210 thousand rivers in the Khabarovsk Territory with a total length of approximately 584 thousand km. About half of the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory is drained by tributaries of the Amur, one of the largest rivers in Russia. Its total length is 4440 km, including more than 1500 km on the territory of the region. It carries a huge mass of water over the edge, pouring below the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur into the Sea of Okhotsk an average of 346 cubic meters per year. km.
The largest tributaries of the Amur within the Khabarovsk Territory are the Ussuri, Bureya, Amgun, Bikin, Goryun, Anyui, Tunguska. The vast territory in the north of the region belongs to the basin of the Lena River (Maya River, Uchur and others)
Also on the territory of the region are the rivers of the basin of the Sea of Japan - Koppi and Tumnin and the basin of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk - Tugur, Uda, Ulya, Urak, Okhota, Inya. The rivers of the Amur region are fed mainly by monsoon rains; near the rivers flowing into the Sea of Okhotsk, snow feeding prevails and floods occur in the spring.
There are over 58 thousand lakes in the region. There are lakes located in the Amur basin: Bolon, Chukchagirskoye, Khummi, Bolshoi Kizi, Udyl, Orel, Chlya, Evoron.
Vegetable world.
The Khabarovsk Territory has a powerful natural forest potential. The area of the forest fund of the region, according to data as of 01.01.2009, is 73.7 million hectares (93.6% of the territory of the region), of which 57.9 million hectares (78.6% of the forest fund) fall on forest lands, in including forested land 51.3 million hectares (69.5%).
Forests are extremely diverse in composition and include representatives of the Far Eastern (Amur), Okhotsk-Kamchatka and East Siberian floristic regions. Based on 1 hectare of forested area, the reserves vary from 40-70 cubic meters. meters in the light coniferous forests of the Okhotsk coast (north of the region) to 150-160 in the cedar-deciduous forests in the south. Coniferous forests are predominant, which occupy more than 84% of the area covered by the main forest-forming species and more than 88% of their total stock: in the north, northwest and east, light coniferous forests from Dahurian larch (the main species) and dark coniferous forests with a predominance of Ayan spruce and white fir (the southern part of the Okhotsk coast, the lower reaches of the Amur, Sikhote-Alin, the basins of the rivers Amguni, Burei, Mai). In the south of the region and in the Middle Amur Lowland there are mixed cedar-broad-leaved forests (Korean cedar, Manchurian ash, maples, elm, Mongolian oak, Manchurian walnut, Amur velvet, several types of birches, lindens, etc.). Grow in the forests
personal species of vines (Amur grapes, magnolia vine, actinidia). There are many sedge-reed meadows, floodplain and upland meadows in the region. In the upper part of the mountains there is tundra with thickets of elfin cedar.
Animal world.
The fauna is characterized by a combination of elements of the fauna of the northern and southern regions. In the zone of coniferous forests live ungulates (elk, red deer, wild boar, roe deer, musk deer), fur (sable, Siberian weasel, fox, squirrel, muskrat, otter, brown bear, wolf, etc.), rodents (squirrel, chipmunk, etc.) , in the far north - reindeer, ermine, wolverine. In the forests of the region there are lynx, black (Himalayan) bear and Ussuri tiger, the American mink has successfully acclimatized. Red deer, roe deer, East Asian wild boar, Manchurian hare, and others are found in mixed forests.
Of the birds, the following are common: black grouse, Ussuri pheasant, Indian cuckoo, blue flycatcher, stone and gray thrushes, etc .; many waterfowl.
There are over 100 species of fish in rivers and lakes, including sturgeons: Amur pike, grass carp, sturgeon, chebak, silver carp, grayling, catfish, taimen, lenok, bream, carp, burbot, etc. In coastal sea waters- Pacific herring, flounder, smelt, halibut, cod, pollock, saffron cod, mackerel; from the passage - chum salmon, pink salmon; from marine animals - seal, sea lion, white whale.
Minerals.
There are 360 gold deposits registered on the territory of the region; The share of the mining industry accounts for 23.6% of gold production in the Far East region and 8.6% of the total Russian volume. In terms of gold mining, the region ranks fifth in the Russian Federation, and second in terms of platinum mining.
There are deposits of hard and brown coal. In the region, the Adnikanskoye hydrocarbon deposit was discovered within the Verkhnebureinskaya depression.
The preliminary estimate of oil and gas resources is 500 million tons. There are seven large tin-ore regions. Deposits of thermal and drinking mineral waters have been explored and exploited.
