City sports facilities: achievements and prospects. The Russians are fleeing the big cities. Where do they start life from scratch? Science and life
Exercise 14 Indicate lexical errors in the following sentences, while highlighting cases of violation of semantic and grammatical compatibility. Edit sentences.
1. Young birch oak grove turned green outside the outskirts.
2. Children pronounce a poem, standing scattered.
3. The movie "The Return of the Black Blonde" is in theaters.
4. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!".
5. Records continue.
6. Suddenly she noticed: a cat is walking along the corridor on tiptoe.
7. Most of the time passes fruitlessly.
8. The teacher invited us to write test orally.
9. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers.
10. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions.
11. Experience recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts.
12. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream has led to extremely positive results.
13. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot.
14. A three-year-old Parisian sits barefoot in the sandbox and, digging in the sand, wears with grace and ease the simplest soiled dress. Who taught her grace?
15. From fatigue, my body gave way on my feet.
16. The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub, the guitar sobbed angrily, the drum groaned.
17. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our town.
18. Stand still and do not wave your eyes (from the speech of a kindergarten teacher).
19. This is how I clench my fists on my arms and legs! (child speech)
20. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).
Lyubov Mokhovikova
Summary of the lesson "Enterprises of our city"
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
"Kindergarten No. 60"
Lesson summary:
« Enterprises of our city»
Compiled by the educator
preparatory group
Mokhovikova L.V.
Berezniki, 2014
Target: Raising in children a sense of love for their small homeland.
Tasks: Summarize children's knowledge about city Berezniki as a small homeland of children.
To develop children's interest and desire to talk about it, conveying in the story the emerging subjective attitude to the world around them.
Cultivate a sense of pride city, interest in the history of the region, respect for working people.
Material: map of Russia, Perm region, the city of Berezniki, exhibition of books about Berezniki, musical accompaniment, slides with sights cities, computer, photos famous people, products city enterprises.
Lesson progress
caregiver: Children, tell me, please, what is the Motherland? (This is our country, this is our city where we live, this is our Ural, etc.)
That's right guys. Motherland unites all people living in one country: they speak the same language, have the same passports, work, celebrate common holidays and, if necessary, defend their homeland from enemies.
caregiver: Guys, do you know the name of our Motherland?
(Children's answers.)
Our country is called Russia. She is very big. When people go to bed in one part of the country, the day is just beginning in another. At the same time, in one part of Russia, it can shine bright sun and in the other it's going to rain.
The song of V. Basner and M. Matusovsky “Where the Motherland Begins” sounds.
caregiver: Listen to what Zinaida Alexandrova wrote about the Motherland. (Children read the poem.)
If they say the word "homeland",
Immediately comes to mind
Old house, currants in the garden,
Thick poplar at the gate.
By the river there is a shy birch
And chamomile hillock ...
And others will probably remember
Your native wide yard.
In the puddles the first boats
Above the rope, the stomp of feet
And a big neighboring factory
A loud joyful horn.
Or the steppe is red from poppies,
Golden whole…
Homeland is different
But everyone has it
– We all know that we live in the best, most beautiful, most dear the city of Berezniki.
– And who knows how such a beautiful name appeared in cities)
caregiver: There were several islands on the Kama River, and one of them, overgrown with birches, was called Berezniki. Apparently, he beckoned to him with his beauty, because merchants often stopped on it and arranged merry fairs in the shade of trees. And later, the Nitrogen-Fertilizer Plant appeared here. Builders from all over the country came to the construction of the plant. In December 1929, they gathered in the old barn that served as a club and began to decide what name to give to the new city. Alone offered - Derzhinsk, others - Khimgrad, called Berezniki
(Child's story). Shows on the map of the Perm region.
“On a traditional silver heraldic shield, a blue ribbon runs diagonally from the upper left corner with three crystals of salt on it. Silver color symbolizes a miracle - magnesium and titanium metals, produced by VSMPO-Avisma Corporation
caregiver: Which of the first builders cities you know?
Children: Arduanov, Tsirenshchikov, Sarychev (show photos).
Practical work: on the map cities show street data.
caregiver: And now we will play - what other streets are there in our city.
Virtual tour of the streets cities using a computer (slides with sights cities) .
caregiver: The first builders built not only residential buildings, but also large factories, the products of which are very necessary for people.
- The whole country helped to build factories. And now our enterprises send their products to different parts of the country and abroad (to show on the map).
caregiver: What are the major industrial businesses you know?
Educator - introduces children to exhibits of industrial products city enterprises.
A) URALKALI. Potash mines produce potash ore found deep underground in mines.
Why potassium ore?
That's right, potash fertilizers are made from it, which are used in agriculture.
And at the 4th potash plant there is a workshop for the production of edible salt. And there is salt in every home, because no dish can be cooked without salt.
B) VSMPO Corporation - AVISMA - is a titanium - magnesium plant. What is the main product of the plant? - titanium sponge. It is the lightest metal. The hulls of submarines, missiles and aircraft are made from this metal.
C) Berezniki soda plant - produces whiteness, washing powder, "Sanitary". Every housewife has these detergents.
Outcome: well done, guys, you made good guides, you spoke in detail about our enterprises.
1. Most of the time passes fruitlessly.
2. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers.
3. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions.
4. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts.
5. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream resulted in extremely positive results.
6. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot.
7. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: “Stand flat, then it will be freer!” .
8. Records continue.
9. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our city.
10. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).
1. Most of the time passes fruitlessly.
2. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned himself.
3. There is an improvement in living conditions.
4. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of gloomy forecasts.
5. Extensive trials of this vitamin bioactive cream have resulted in extremely positive results.
6. The stranger got on his horse and rode at a pace.
7. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: “Stand up straight, then it will be freer!” .
8. Records are set.
9. Several new public transport enterprises have appeared in our city.
10. Yesterday I got on a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).
Other questions from the category "Education"
- Student's personal file. Are quarter grades placed on a student's personal file? I need an answer urgently!
- please help me decide! ! (1.6*10 to the minus fifth power) *(4*10 to the second power)
- perhaps 19.6 grams of sulphate acid was neutralized with excess magnesium oxide. how many speeches, approved sols?
Exercise 1. Evaluate the use of lexical means in the above sentences; indicate the use of the word without taking into account its semantics, anachronism, euphemistic speech, ambiguity of the statement, distortion of meaning, absurdity and comicality of speech.
1. Decade Uzbek cuisine in the restaurant will be held for five days: from 1 to 5 September. 2. Moral and material measures taken encouragement the desired result was not brought to negligent workers. 3. On the exam, he mixed up not only all the myths, but also surnames ancient heroes and gods. 4. From the end of the VI century BC. stream of Greek tourists rushed to Egypt. 5. There are still shortcomings in our work that prevent us from successfully overcoming the backlog. 6. Uncomfortable in the assembly shop, it is in disrepair. 7. Farmers don't pay enough big attention to fertilizing the fields. 8. Moscow radio broadcast chess moves for five months on these two continent- Arctic and Antarctic. 9. During February in the Moscow region, the duration days increase by 2 hours. 10. Good employees in our company are rewarded Board of Honor.
Exercise 2. Indicate the words, the use of which leads to a violation of lexical compatibility, correct speech errors.
1. The author of the reader has not compiled an annotation yet. (The author of the anthology has not yet compiled a thematic plan. The compilers of the anthology have not yet come up with an annotation). 2. Crowded evenings are held in the factory club. (Evenings are held in the factory club.) 3. We wished the organizers to organize such evenings more often. (We advised the organizers to hold such evenings more often.) 4. Harvesting is in full swing in the village. (Harvesting is proceeding at a fast pace in the village) 5. Shevchenko opened the beginning of the harvest last year, working on the harvest; the same honor is entrusted to him today. (Shevchenko opened the beginning of the harvest last year, working on the reaper of bread; the same honor was entrusted to him this year as well) 6. Increasing the protein content of grain poses great difficulties for researchers. (Increasing the protein content of grain poses great challenges for researchers) 7. Two birds do not live in the same lair. (Two birds do not live in the same nest) 8. The Book Fair hospitably invites publishers and authors to visit the pavilions. (The book fair invites visitors.) 9. Athletes "Kolos" established 32 new achievements of the region. (Athletes of "Kolos" set 32 regional records) 10. In the magazine I read a big discussion about the role of a father in raising his children. (I read a long article in a magazine about the role of the father in raising children) 11. This policy is already bearing fruit. (This policy is already bearing fruit) 12. Much attention will be paid to the improvement of the city. (Much attention is paid to the improvement of the city.) 13. We give priority to this issue. (We give priority to this issue) 14. Our farmers have won the world record for wool shearing from fine wool sheep. (Our farmers have set a world record for shearing wool from a fine-fleeced sheep) 15. The vast majority of those present understood this topic. (Most of those present understood this topic.
Exercise 3. Indicate lexical errors in the following sentences, while highlighting cases of violation of semantic and grammatical compatibility. Edit sentences.
1. Young birch oak grove turned green outside the outskirts. (A young birch grove turned green beyond the outskirts.)
2. Children pronounce a poem, standing scattered. (Children stand scattered and read a poem.)
3. The movie "The Return of the Black Blonde" is in theaters. (The Tall Blonde Returns is in theaters.)
4. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!". (The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: “Lie flat, then you will be freer!”.)
5. Records continue. (Records are being set.)
6. Suddenly she noticed: a cat is walking along the corridor on tiptoe. (Suddenly she noticed: a cat was sneaking along the corridor.)
7. Most of the time passes fruitlessly. (Most of the time goes by without a trace.)
8. The teacher suggested that we write a test orally. (The teacher suggested that we do the test orally.)
9. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers. (At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its fur.)
10. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions. (There is a significant improvement in living conditions.)
11. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts. (The experience of recent years convincingly proves the validity of these gloomy predictions.)
12. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream has led to extremely positive results. (Extensive trials of the vitamin-bioactive cream have produced very positive results.)
13. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot. (The stranger mounted a horse and rode.)
14. A three-year-old Parisian sits barefoot in the sandbox and, digging in the sand, wears with grace and ease the simplest soiled dress. Who taught her grace? (A three-year-old Parisian is already a lady. Here she is barefoot rummaging in the sand, but even in the most modest and already fairly soiled dress she looks elegant and light. Who taught her grace?)
15. From fatigue, my body gave way on my feet. (My legs gave way from fatigue.)
16. The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub, the guitar sobbed angrily, the drum groaned. (The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub: the guitar strings sang melodically (loudly), the drum beat.)
17. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our town. (There are several new public transportation companies in our town.)
18. Stand still and do not wave your eyes (from the speech of a kindergarten teacher). (Stand still and don't wave your arms.)
19. This is how I clench my fists on my arms and legs! (child speech) (This is how I clench my fists.)
20. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner). (Yesterday I took a plane ticket and flew to Moscow.)
Exercise 4. Give a stylistic assessment of various methods of enhancing speech expression in the examples given (distinguish between pleonasm, tautology, repetition of words).
1. Rich and famous Kochubey. He has enough friends. He can wash his glory. He can anger Poltava; suddenly in the midst of his palace, he can, by the revenge of his father, comprehend the proud villain; he can pierce with a right hand ... but another plan excites Kochubey's heart. (P.) (suddenly - comprehend; by stringing the same words, one can reflect the nature of the visual impressions (But the infantry goes, the infantry goes past the pines, pines, pines without end). lexical repetitions sometimes, like a gesture, enhance the expressiveness of speech (And on the left on the move, on the move .... They were pushed into the water, into the water). Lexical repetitions help to highlight an important concept in the text (Live for a century, learn for a good pay). Lexical repetitions can also be used as a means of humor. In a parody text, a pile of identical words and expressions reflects the comedy of the situation being described.) 2. Everyone quarreled: our nobles live among themselves like cats with dogs; peasants among themselves, like cats with dogs (G.). ( Everyone lives the same.) 3. It was a thin, very thin and pale face, rather irregular, kind of sharp, with a sharp little nose and chin (Vol.) ( An obsessive explanation of all known truths, the repeated transmission of the same thought, the assertion of a self-evident truth.) 4. The return of his son excited Nikolai Petrovich. He went to bed, but did not extinguish the candle, and, resting his head on his hand, thought long thoughts (T.) (thought - thoughts, repetition of cognate words, creating a tautology. From the passage, it seems that Tolstoy's use of just such words - excited, thought (long) thoughts - has a certain subtext. Nikolai Petrovich was not indifferent to his son, he loved him, and therefore his arrival did not leave his father indifferent. At the same time, the excited hope is overshadowed by doubt: did they understand each other so well. Long thought about something unresolved.) 5. And the nights were dark, warm, with purple clouds were calm, calm. Sleepily ran and the babbling of sleepy poplars flowed (Bun.) ( Long lasting state. Fewer and fewer unsolved mysteries remain in nature ... Repetition of words is usually characteristic of emotionally colored speech.. Poetic subtext deepens the content of the statement.) 6. Varvara screams with a cry ... And she herself - a roar, her heart trembles tremblingly, I'm afraid of my grandfather, and Varya is terrified. “Ah, so you started playing jokes on the old grandmother!” (M. G.) ( Long lasting state.) 7. Now shout, don't shout, call, don't call - no one will hear (Sol.) ( Continuous state - period. Everything, late and as if for a long time. Sorry, I sympathize. I'm a little angry.) 8. Ilya Muromets did not walk with his feet for thirty-three years, he sat in the seat. His mother used to redeem him, put him in the cradle, and he lies with crystal-crystal (folk.) I’m sleeping, not sleeping, Vanyusha, I’m lying like that anymore. I keep Vanyusha on my mind, on my whole mind (folk.). ( Willy-nilly, something new is noticed and apparently it saddens the Mind. makes you pay attention to this in a reasonable, habitual way of life. Or not well researched.) 10. Here it is not necessary to be silent, but to shout with a cry. It is necessary to sound the alarm (Al.). 11. I loved you more than all the successes and troubles because the yellowed white light with you is whiter than white 12. People write, but time erases, erases everything that it can erase. But tell me, if hearing dies, must sound also die? (March.)
Exercise 5. Identify various forms of speech redundancy (pleonasm, tautology, hidden tautology, repetition of words), correct the sentences.
1. Next year, we have a lot of work to do to develop an annual plan for the upcoming work. (Development of an annual work plan.)
2. The duration of the melting process lasts several hours. (The melting process takes several hours.)
3. Residential quarters are supposed to be deployed towards the river, so that the existing pine grove will be preserved in the city center. (Residential quarters are supposed to be deployed in the direction of the river, so that a birch grove and a pine forest will remain in the city center.)
4. The plaintiff substantiates his claims with unfounded grounds based only on assumptions. (Plaintiff's claims are based on assumptions without evidence.)
5. The building will be decorated with stained-glass windows made of colored cast glass. (The façade is decorated with stained-glass windows.)
6. In the fire of 1912, all the wooden structures of the monastery were destroyed, and stone structures were also burned. (The fire of 1912 left the monastery without wooden structures.)
7. Historians explain the rapid development of the city by the fact that crossroads of important trade routes converged here. (Historians explain the rapid development of the city by the fact that important trade routes crossed here.)
8. On the western side, if you look from north to south, there is a reservoir, and on the south, if you look from east to west, there is a forest. (There is a reservoir on the west side, a forest on the south side.)
9. This year, flowering will occur on these shoots of flowers. (These shoots will bloom this year.)
10. The park was cleared of debris, but it remained unfenced and now it still serves as a pasture for livestock. (The park was cleared of debris, but left unfenced, and is now listed as cattle pasture.)
Exercise 6. In an excerpt from " dead souls» N.V. Gogol, select the verbs of speech, select from among them those that are synonymous with the words to talk, speak, say. Write out these synonymous rows and add new words to them (see notes).
Whatever the conversation was about, Chichikov always knew how to support it: whether it was a horse factory, he talked about a horse factory; whether they talked about good dogs, he also reported very sensible remarks here; whether they interpreted with regard to the investigation carried out by the Treasury, he showed that he was not unfamiliar with judicial tricks; whether there was a discussion about the billiard game - and in the billiard game he did not miss; whether they talked about virtue - and he talked about virtue very well, even with tears in his eyes; about making hot wine - and he knew the use of hot wine; about customs overseers and officials - and he judged them as if he himself were both an official and an overseer.
Notes. "Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language" Z. E. Aleksandrova gives such synonyms:
I. chat, to talk, to talk, to talk, to speak, to exchange (or exchange) words; interpret (colloquial), chat (colloquial), chatter, scribble (simple), talk.
II. Talk 1. express, express (colloquial), too much: rant (colloquial), go broke (simple), a lot and eloquently: oratorize (colloquial ironic), ornate (oral bookish, now ironic), flood (or spill) a nightingale (jokingly); 2. pronounce, utter, broadcast (mouth, now joking and ironic), casually: notice, drop, throw, interrupting someone else's speech: insert, screw in (colloquial), something unexpected or inappropriate: let go (colloquial) ), chip off, bend, give out (simple); nonsense: fence, grind, carry, weave (simple).
III.To tell 1. express yourself; to explain (verb.); 2. pronounce, speak; to say (colloquial); to say, to say (mouth); speak, proclaim (oral, now jocular and ironic); speak, speak (folk poet.), casually: notice, throw, drop, drop, drop; grunt (colloquial), interrupting someone else's speech: insert, screw in (colloquial), usually unexpectedly and quickly: blurt out (colloquial), something unexpected or inappropriate: let go, blurt out, blurt out, thump (colloquial), chip off, soak, freeze, say, bend, give out, brand (simple).
was able to support (him)
Did it go (speech)
Interpreted
showed
reasoned
Exercise 7. Indicate how synonyms differ from each other; define their stylistic functions.
1. The apothecary was a blond woman and at one time safely gave birth to a pharmacist's daughter, fair-haired and scrofulous.
Herzen (Hertz.)
Than blond and blondfromdiffer from each other?Only thosethat they are mother anddoh.
It is known that the blond is prettier. And the blond has short hair, either tall, and from the heart, too independent. Do you need a blond friend? She is a loner.
They would be like mother and daughter, that's all.
2. The dull, sad friendship for the fading Sasha had a sad, mournful reflection.
The author criticizes Sasha for the lack of interest in the word "dull Sasha". It is very sad, so upsetting that you are not happy again, because the Sun is shining and the grass is growing. Look, Sasha, at the sky. Does it frown? ... Yes, Sasha, it's already August. And summer is over. But if not summer, then winter! true, Sasha. It is for this irreconcilable attitude that we love you, all your friends.
3. She sometimes sits in a picturesque pose, but suddenly ... this picture pose is broken by a completely unexpected and again charming gesture.
Picturesque, pictorial - apparently, these are synonyms. I mean artificial too.
4. We already have a duel, a constant duel, a continuous struggle.
Pick...
5. Katya adored nature, and Arkady loved her, but did not dare to admit it.
Playing on the feelings of the characters, their attitude towards each other.
6. Not good! There is something trivial, vulgar in wooing one's governess.
It's trivial that everyone does this: many take care of governesses, it's interesting. But the governess is almost easy prey.
7. Among magazine workers, he was very useful ... He has certain views, beliefs, worldview.
Explain its essence.
8. He (Korovin) wanted something gigantic, immense, amazing.
He did not want something insignificant, for example, hesitant. I wanted not flat, for example, trivial or long known in advance. And most importantly - striking. To say, not in vain. What a thing!
9. "Look at him: isn't there something in him?" - she said to her friends, as if wanting to explain why she married a simple, very ordinary and unremarkable person.
Simple, ordinary, wonderful.
Difficult and unusual in its complexity. Very ordinary.
And now she did not marry the most noble, down to earth and pure person.
10. He did not eat, but ate.
The need to avoid repetition of words.
11. But I robbed you, damn it, robbed you! Because I stole from you!
I have robbed you to the bone. What is it to you all the same? I took the best, there is no doubt about that, but you? Is stealing good?
12. He was one of those people to whom you become attached with your heart. He was a kind and sympathetic person, a fearless and determined pilot... How he loved brave, steadfast people!
Quite possible. It is possible, it is possible to combine a good person and a determined pilot. Love the brave. But they cannot be controlled.
13. How young he was then! How often and intoxicatedly he laughed - he actually laughed, but did not laugh.
What a good-natured and trusting person he could be.
14. Fascism is hostile to any national culture ... It seeks to destroy, destroy culture, erase the very memory of it.
Except your own. Any. This culture manifests itself in striving. It is considered courageous, courageously directed. But it has a shade of negativism, absoluteness. Destruction does not help the development of competition, for some, it seems to me, the lack of choice. The only choice is the best option. Becoming.
15. Our strength, our power is in our will.
The will to live. Which is multiple.
16. So that you can be seen more distinctly and clearly by them, wise and courageous, Is it possible to leave gaps in your glorious bibliography?
The picture is clear, but not complete. Where is wisdom without the mistakes of youth? Nowhere.
17. I distinguish more and more clearly, as lips turn into lips ...
Something has changed, and for the better.
This is the way to communicate information.
18. I want you to cry with delight, with admiration.
I want, I hope you're not jealous. Don't envy her life.
19. There was no letter and there was not, now he did not live, but only existed from day to day in incessant expectation.
With the help of synonyms lived-existed (was in the world), you can arrange a whole time period, two events.
I only thought I lived!
I lived...now I don't live, but exist without writing. It was stolen.
20. Levin was almost the same age as Oblonsky, and with him on "you" more than one champagne. Levin was his comrade and friend in his early youth. They loved each other, ... like friends who met in their first youth love.
In general, it is customary to use synonyms to enhance the impression.
But often writers use synonymy not for synonymy, but to indicate an additional meaning, deepening what is being said.
21. "Yes, there is something nasty, repulsive in me," thought Levin, as he left the Shcherbatskys.
Indicates the relativity of the contrary. But if Levin noticed that people "are not drawn to him," he can conclude that there is a reason for this. Is it not the reason that matters to Levin, but the opinion of the people...
22. Uli had not eyes, but eyes.
A synonym is used to enhance the expressiveness of what was said.
Exercise 8. Compare the editions of the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"; explain what caused the synonymous replacements of words during auto-editing. (For reference, please refer to the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" by V.I. Dahl).
1. They squatted down and beat hard and hard with their silver horseshoes on the closely slain earth.
1. ... densely killed earth.
2. Stories, jokes that could be heard among the assembled crowd ...
2. Stories and chatter...
3. "Tell the bishop on behalf of all the Cossacks," said the koshevoi, "so that he is not afraid of anything: it's the Cossacks who are just smoking cradles."
3. "Tell the bishop from me and from all the Cossacks ... These are the Cossacks who are just lighting and smoking their pipes."
4. Zhid ... sharpened vodka from a barrel.
4. Zhid ... sipped vodka from a barrel.
5. These were two burly fellows who still looked slyly, like recently graduated seminarians.
5. These were two hefty fellows, still looking frowningly ...
6. Motley ravines crawled out of their holes, stood on their hind legs and announced the steppe with a whistle.
6. Motley gophers crawled out of their holes ...
7. "That's crazy old!" - said their pale, thin and kind mother ...
7. “Look, good people: the old one has gone crazy! I'm completely crazy! .. "
8. Who had a ladle, who had a korchak, with which he also watered a horse ...
8. Who had a bucket, who had a scoop ...
9. They sharpened sabers, broadswords and write-offs ...
9. ... tried sabers and broadswords ...
10. Cast-iron cannons roared heavily with wide throats, the earth trembled, far chilled.
10. ... trembled, far buzzing, the earth.
1. closely killed - tightly killed
in both versions, densely nailed dust to the ground is implied, the second option is closer to use in modern Russian
2. stories, jokers ... - stories and chatter
in modern Russian, a joker is a joker, a cheerful person, and in the context of the original version, modern consciousness is perceived in the same way. therefore, the "stories" option is more appropriate for modern understanding
3. cradles light up - light and light up their pipes
the word "cradles" is obsolete and was used in a certain area, the word "tubes" is perceived in the right context by a much larger audience
4. sharpened from a barrel - filtered from a barrel
"grind" - at present, the colloquial expression of the word "ate", which means that in the context it is understood as "the Jew abused the vodka", but "sand" - does not have such an aggressive coloring and is more appropriate in this case
5. looking down - looking down.
the first option is an obsolete expression, the second is now used
6. motley ravines - motley gophers
in Dahl's dictionary, a ravine (Evrazhek) is a motley gray steppe hamster, currently "ravine" is perceived in the context of the word "ravine" (a depression in the ground, etc.) with a diminutive suffix - a small ravine. it follows from this that the use of the word "gopher" is more logical.
7. fooled old - fooled old
in the first variant, speech is perceived in a sharply negative and colloquial context, the second variant is softer and more pleasant for perception.
8. Korchak-bucket
an outdated colloquial word, part-time Ukrainian surname. to simplify perception, the word bucket is used
9. sharpened sabers - tried sabers
in this variant it is difficult to say, because the option "sharpened sabers" is more familiar to use. there is not enough context to give an accurate assessment
10. far zastugunevshi - far zagudevshi
the first option is understood as something resistant, cast-iron, heavy. if the author's goal was to describe to us how far and how hard the sound swept, then the gated version is the most appropriate
Exercise 9. In the jokes below, highlight the polysemantic words and come up with other phrases with them, showing their polysemanticism.
1. Vacation you won't spend: it always ends on time. (You spend me on the dark plain) 2. It is a pity that there are relatives narrow-minded. (narrow-minded distance) 3. Soap bubbles always complain that their inflate. (friend again puffed up me) 4. We can go on the winter time and at summer sandals. ( Go the river; Dress up winter coat; Go on summer veranda) 5. Conservation law matter raises doubts when communicating with cutters. (Bought matter on the dress) 6. Due to the fact that I have found stock mind, I ask you to put up a guard. (Write-off from warehouse) 7. Zeros, which know their place, - a few units. (Interesting know Where have you been?) 8. Don't rush words - observe technology security. ( Rush up into an embrace. household technique) 9. B psychiatric hospital. Relatives of the patient: "Professor, how is he?". Professor: " shifts there is". ( Shift earth's crust) 10. Feathers the writer had, he lacked wings. (Feathers the birds got wet; Wings butterflies)
Exercise 10. Make sentences or phrases with paronyms. For help, refer to the dictionaries of the difficulties of the Russian language.
Kind - solid, friendly - friendly, defective - defective, design - constructive, effective - effective; fornicate - wander, reflect - display, conduct - produce, present - provide, test - test, hide - hide, condemn - discuss; innovation - novelty, harvest - productivity, being - essence.
Kind evening. Which good cloth;
I want to give you friendly advice. Develop friendly relations.
This device defective. Some friend of yours defective.
Design developments made at this enterprise are of interest to our partners. For the dispute to be constructive you need to follow a few simple rules.
The woman was in spectacular dress. This is the most effective method.
Shamelessly fornicate. How can wander in the city?
Reflect shadow. display reality.
He wanted conduct her to the house. Produce dairy products.
It's time introduce new employee of our company. Could you provide me a rental space.
try out new models. The quality of not only newly offered drugs is controlled, but also each series of them, manufactured according to already tested technology.
maliciously shelter. Hide the truth.
condemn offender. Discuss one unresolved issue.
Innovation in education. New music.
We collected harvest the whole family. good this year productivity potatoes.
Pitiful creature. Mysterious essence.
Exercise 11
