The history of the Center for Culture and Leisure "Kirovets" (house 158 on Stachek Avenue) began under Peter I. By his decree, plots of land along the Peterhof road were distributed to those close to them for summer cottages.

In the middle of the 18th century, the estate on the 7th verst belonged to Karl Efimovich Sivers, the court marshal of Ekaterina Petrovna.
He ordered the project of a stone country palace to the architect Rastrelli, and in 1761 an elegant building in the Baroque style appeared here. The palace ensemble included a palace with two wings and a regular garden to the south of it, in the middle of which a round pond was dug, which has survived to this day. Sievers' dacha-estate was one of the best examples of architecture and landscape gardening art of the mid-18th century.

In his work, Rastrelli writes: “I also built a large country palace, on the road to Peterhof, belonging to the Marshal Count de Sievers” *

* "General description of all buildings, palaces and gardens compiled by Rastrelli during the period of his work in the service of the chief architect of the court" paragraph No. 68

In 1774, after the death of Karl Efimovich, the estate was inherited by the daughter of the Imperial Marshal, Elizabeth Karlovna Sievers. Her husband is her cousin Yakob Efimovich Sievers. This is a prominent figure of the Catherine era, diplomat, economist, Novgorod governor. The marriage was unsuccessful, and after a divorce from her husband in 1779, Elizaveta Karlovna sold the estate.

So Prince G.A. becomes the owner of the seaside dacha. Potemkin, statesman, favorite of Catherine II. Under Potemkin, the English gardener V. Gould, in front of the palace, closer to the bay, laid out a small landscape park.

Potemkin in 1781 sells the estate to the treasury for 30,000 rubles. Catherine II granted the dacha to a prominent diplomat, Vice-Chancellor Ivan Andreevich Osterman, and also gave him 10 thousand rubles to rebuild the building. Under Osterman, the palace was rebuilt by the architect I.E. Starov (presumably). Under Paul I, Osterman retired and moved to Moscow.

In 1808 the estate was bought by Prince Pavel Petrovich Shcherbatov. He became the last in a series of aristocratic owners of the country palace.

In 1828, the dacha was purchased by the treasury with the aim of building a hospital for the insane in it - the first state psychiatric hospital in Russia.

The initiator of the creation of such a hospital was the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna. She delved into all the details of the arrangement of the hospital, but, without waiting for its opening, she died on October 24, 1828. On this day Orthodox Church celebrates the memory of the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow".

The son of Maria Feodorovna, Emperor Nicholas I took the hospital under his patronage and called it the "Hospital of All Who Sorrow." In 1832 the hospital was opened. In the same year, the hospital church was consecrated in the name of the Joy of All Who Sorrow icon.

The reconstruction of the palace for the hospital was carried out by the architects D. Kvadri and P. S. Plavov. Quadri added an outbuilding from the east in 1822-1832, and in 1836-1850 he also erected new large buildings. The first one (160 Stachek Ave.) was built for the hospital employees, the second one (144 Stachek Ave.) was built for the terminally ill. After the restructuring, the building acquired the shape of the letter P in plan. Initially, the hospital was designed for 120 beds, but soon this was not enough. A number of new buildings appeared on the territory of the hospital: pavilions for patients, houses for doctors and employees, utility rooms. There were also extensive agricultural lands, farms, workshops. Patients were attracted to feasible work, which could contribute to recovery. There were categories of paid and free patients. There was a pharmacy at the hospital, an outpatient appointment was conducted. Before the revolution, the hospital "All Who Sorrow" was visited and patronized by members of the royal family. The actors of the imperial theaters arranged charity concerts and performances for the sick and employees here, which was important due to the remoteness from the city.

After 1917, the hospital retained its profile, but changed its name. At the suggestion of A.V. Lunacharsky, she received the name of the Swiss psychiatrist, neuropathologist and public figure Henri Auguste Forel.

During the war years, the front line of defense of the city passed near the hospital. The buildings of the hospital complex were badly damaged. The war, as it were, removed the layers of plaster over the years and exposed the old masonry. The building attracted the attention of researchers. Based on the preserved traces of decorative details that once existed, the architects managed to reconstruct the appearance of the 18th century palace, and the drawings of F.B. Rastrelli were found in the National Library of Warsaw. The idea arose to restore the palace the way the architect once erected it. Unfortunately, the volume of construction at the same time turned out to be reduced to a minimum, which was irrational in the conditions of post-war construction. Thus, a three-story building with two towers appeared on the Peterhof road, with its appearance only remotely resembling an old palace.

The restoration of the estate was carried out by the Kirov Plant according to a project developed by the 8th workshop of the Lenproekt Institute, headed by architect L.L. Schroeter. The project provided for the creation of the Kirovsky Gorodok complex on this territory - with residential buildings, hostels, consumer services enterprises. And in 1965, the House of Culture was opened in the former palace building, now the Kirovets Culture and Leisure Center.

All the buildings adjacent to the Kirovets CCD - the so-called "Kirovskiy Gorodok" - are made in the traditions of classical architecture and form an integral ensemble. Architects and builders carefully preserved the ancient pond and centuries-old trees. The façade from the Potemkin era, facing the pond, has also partially survived. In 1990, the building of the Kirovets Culture and Leisure Center was taken under state protection as an architectural monument of the 18th - mid-20th centuries. And on March 25, 2003, a security plaque appeared on the building, testifying to this.

The appearance of the lost Rastrelli Palace at the initiative of local historians specialists State Institute architecture recreated in the layout. Art historians Sergey Borisovich Gorbatenko and Abram Grigorievich Raskin became scientific consultants for creating the layout of the estate of K.E. Sivers. The layout was made in 2001, thanks to the financial support of the Deputy of the Legislative Assembly S.Yu.Andreev. And in 2003, thanks to the efforts of the administration of the Kirovets CCD, a special room was repaired to house the unique model.

Within the modern boundaries of the territory of the Dachnoye municipal district, five historical areas can be distinguished: Prival, Aleksandrino, Dachnoye, Knyazhevo (a small part) and the Kirov town (the village of Kirovotraktorstroy, up to Velikaya Patriotic War- named after Forel, in the old days - Osterman's cottage).

In the publication “Map of the environs of the city of St. Petersburg / Compiled according to official and other publications by B. Zubkovsky (Edition of the book warehouse of A. I. Zagryazhsky) in St. Petersburg” (1914, p. 12) it is said: “The nearest a stopover from St. Petersburg along the Balt. Railway is the Dachnoe platform. Around it there is a small village with a pine forest. Very inexpensive land prices contribute to rapid settlement. This is perhaps one of the first mentions of Dachny.

In the XVIII century in these places in the southwestern suburbs of St. Petersburg were the estates of the capital's nobility.

According to the Leningrad Regional State Archive(LOGAV) in the city of Vyborg, the dacha settlement Dachnoe (Knyazhevo) in 1917-1918. was part of the Moscow volost of the Petrograd district of the Petrograd province; since 1918 - it is part of the Ligovsko-Uritskaya volost of the Leningrad (since 1924) district of the Leningrad (since 1924) province, since August 1, 1927 - as part of the Krasnensky village council of the Uritsky district Leningrad region, from August 1930 - as part of the Leningrad Prigorodny district of the region (The Liovsky Village Council included: the village of Ligovo, Ivanovka, Novaya Kolonia, N. Kairovo, Egorovka, the Kolyapeno farm, the holiday village of Knyazhevo, III International, Krasnenkoe, the village of Ulyanka (New)); from August 1931 - as part of the Ligovsky village council, from August 1936 - as part of the Krasnoselsky district of the Leningrad region. In May 1938, he entered the boundaries of the working settlement of Ligovo.

In the book "All-Union population census on December 17, 1926. Preliminary results for the North-Western region" (L. 1927. P. 77) lists settlements, which were then part of the Moscow-Narva region: III International (381 men and 427 women), Vologda-Yamskaya Sloboda (340 men and 367 women), Ligovo village (332 men and 366 women), Night tea "Prival" (11 men, 1 woman), v. Novaya (155 men and 161 women), vil. Novo-Koerovo (9 men and 15 women), Knyazhevo village (97 men and 120 women), Ligovo state farm (97 men, 120 women), Krasnenkaya and st. Stachek (N95-112) - 477 men and 468 women, Nov (190 men and 151 women), Forel Hospital (534 men and 887 women), Dairy Farm No. 5 LSPO (35 men and 44 women).

Stachek Avenue, which is the natural border of the Dachnoye district, was originally (in the first half of the 18th century - 1845) called the Peterhof road. South of the Krasnenkaya river, the road ran north of the modern route, and only from the 1770s. began to pass along the modern route of the prospect to the end and further along the modern Peterhof highway. Since 1771 it was called the Petersburg highway (other names are Narva road (1756-1782), Narva tract (1837-1838), Narva highway (1843-1862), Riga tract (1838). Since 1925 - Stachek street, named in memory of the strike performances of the workers of the Narva outpost (since August 3, 1940 - Stachek Ave.) The status of the passage was changed due to its importance for the city as a transport artery.

Behind Tramway Avenue there is a building known in guidebooks as the House of Culture “Kirovets” (Stachek Avenue, 158). This place has a long history. The first owner of this site was Peter's associate Admiral I. M. Golovin in the first half of the 18th century. In 1745, it was sold to A.L. Naryshkin, whose heirs sold the dacha in the late 1740s to Lieutenant General and Chamberlain Marshal, Count of the Roman Empire Karl Efimovich Sievers. In the late 1750s, according to the project of F.-B. Rastrelli, he builds a stone manor house on the site - one-story on a high basement, with a high mezzanine. The building was erected in the mature baroque style, with all its attributes - intricately drawn architraves, cartouches, figured lattices, decorative sculpture and vases on the facade. This estate was often visited by Catherine II, passing on the way to Oranienbaum and Krasnoye Selo and specifically for hunting. Later, the estate passed to G. A. Potemkin, then to Vice-Chancellor I. A. Osterman. Then the manor house was rebuilt: all baroque decor was removed from the building, a tower was added, and the outbuildings were connected to the main building by galleries with colonnades. In 1808, the dacha passed into the hands of Prince Pavel Pavlovich Shcherbatov, a real state councilor. In 1828, here, on the 10th verst from the city, by the will of Empress Maria Feodorovna and Emperor Alexander I, on the site that belonged to Prince Shcherbatov, a hospital for the insane "All Who Sorrow" was founded. For the hospital, according to the project of the architect Pyotr Sergeevich Plavov, in the 1830s, the building of the former Sievers dacha was rebuilt. In 1828 - 1832, outbuildings were added to the main building from the east by the architect D. Quadri, enlarged by Plavov in 1836 - 1838. P. S. Plavov, in the years 1847 - 1850, erected new large buildings - for employees of the hospital (now house 160) and for incurable patients (house 148); according to his own project, with the participation of Domenico Quadri, in 1832 a church was built at the hospital in the name of the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow". The article (by Posternak S.) “Military hospitals and clinics” (Zodchy, 1913. N 40. C. 420-423) says: “the hospital is 5 versts from the Ligovo station - 350 patients. Founded in 1832. The hospital has a school with about 50 children, and a savings and loan bank.” After the revolution, the church was closed, the hospital was named after the famous Swiss psychiatrist, neuropathologist and public figure Henri Forel (1848-1931). He was familiar with R. Rolland, A. A. Lunacharsky, participated in the international movement of peace supporters. In 1931, by decision of the Leningrad Prigorodny District Executive Committee of the Leningrad Region, the Dachnoye railway station was renamed the Forel station (Minutes N 26 of August 26, 1931 of the meeting of the Leningrad Prigorodny District Executive Committee // LOGAV. F. R-3173. Op. 1. D. 225. L . ten). In the prewar period, the toponym of the area was Forel among the locals.

During the Great Patriotic War, these regions became a place of breakthrough for advanced German units rushing to Leningrad. In 1941, the headquarters of the 21st division of the NKVD, which took part in the defense of the city, was located in the Forel hospital. The hospital buildings that were on the front line were badly destroyed. The issue of restoring this monument was discussed, but it was decided to reconstruct it as a House of Culture, adding new residential buildings for the workers of the Kirov Plant to the complex. In 1950-1964, the remaining buildings of the hospital were overhauled in the style of "Stalinist" classicism and formed the Kirov Zhilgorodok. The Kirovets House of Culture (opened on February 17, 1965) was located in the central building, marked with hexagonal turrets on the sides of the facade. Restoration and restructuring of the buildings of the complex was led by the famous Soviet architect Login Shreter, the grandson of the great LN Benois. The former manor house, which until then had retained the appearance of the 1780s, was rebuilt almost unrecognizably: the tower of the main building was demolished, it was built up to three floors, the outbuildings - up to 4 and crowned with belvederes. In 1990, the buildings of the Kirov residential town were taken under state protection (Shcherbina M. The palace will fit on the table / / St. Petersburg Vedomosti. 2001. June 16). In 1966 at the review the best works organized by the State Construction Committee of the USSR, the development of this quarter of Dachny was awarded a diploma of the 1st degree.

By the decision of the Krasnoselsky District Executive Committee of April 26, 1950, the villages of Kirovotractorostroy and Dachnoye entered the city of Leningrad (LOGAV. F. r-1065. Op. 1. D. 42. L. 113-114).

On the territory of the district there is a monument of architectural antiquity - the former estate of Aleksandrino. Its first owner was the President of the Admiralty Board I. G. Chernyshev. Manor house Alexandrino, built in the 1770s. (architect J. B. Valen-Delamot) is located closer to the bay (162 Stachek Ave.). Main building the building with adjoining side galleries is crowned with a dome. The silhouette of the building is similar to the Tauride Palace. In the middle of the XIX century. the estate was acquired by the captain of the cavalry regiment D. N. Sheremetyev, who was a close acquaintance of A. S. Pushkin. At that time, large-scale construction work and the planning of the landscape park were carried out (architects N. L. Benois, K. F. Müller, and others). Since 1900, Sheremetyev began to belong huge territory from Baltic railway to the seaside. After October revolution the house housed a youth artel of gardeners, and since 1920 the building was transferred to ZhAKT. The manor house in Aleksandrino, which was badly damaged during the Great Patriotic War (outbuildings and galleries were destroyed, the park was destroyed) was restored according to the project of the architect M. M. Plotnikov in 1957. Now the Children's Art School “Alexandrino”.

There are several ponds in the park.

Behind Tramway Avenue - one of the highways of Dachnoye (the border of Dachnoe municipality) - Stachek Avenue rises slightly - here begins the Ligovskaya terrace, stretching along the coast of the Gulf of Finland for several kilometers. Here, during the Great Patriotic War, the line of defense of Leningrad passed, so the military theme sounds in the names of streets and avenues, as a reminder of the mass heroism shown by Leningraders during the years of the blockade, the names of heroes are immortalized in local toponymy.

Another historically significant area is Halt. So in the old days the place was called at the intersection of the current Marshal Zhukov avenues with Stachek avenue - the former Krasnoselskaya (Narva) road with Peterhof (in the old days the junction of two rich estates of the 19th century - Sheremetev and Kushelev - Bezborodko, now - the border of two districts - Kirovsky and Krasnoselsky) - speaking in military language, it was a place for personnel to rest, eat, inspect ammunition, horse harness, carts. Here Catherine II, returning from hunting in the Strelna forests, liked to arrange halts. During long campaigns, they stopped here for a short rest, that is, the guard units quartered in St. Petersburg made a halt. The son of D. N. Sheremetev - S. D. Sheremetev wrote: “When the troops passed to Krasnoe Selo, my father liked to go out on the road, in case of a halt he always bothered about refreshments.” Soldiers and officers of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky and Jaeger regiments stopped here for a halt, in order to later pass a ceremonial march under the arch of the Triumphal Arch of the Narva Gates. Behind them was a long way from Borodino, Krasnoe to Kulm, Leipzig and Paris.

Travelers at Prival changed horses and stagecoaches heading to Krasnoye Selo or Peterhof, and rested in the nearest taverns - "Yulian" or "Straw".

During the Great Patriotic War, Baltic sailors held the defense in the Prival area - a reminder of the heroic defenders of the approaches to the city.

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In the Kirovsky district, on Stachek Avenue, there is one of the most atypical workers' towns in St. Petersburg. The complex, consisting of the Sievers dacha, the Potemkin estate, the Hospital of All Who Sorrow and completed in Soviet time houses locals call the Kirov town.

The site on which the buildings stand today belonged to Admiral Golovin, an associate of Peter I. After the death of the admiral, the site was divided by his sons. The western part in 1740 passed to Senator Naryshkin, and five years later, after his death, to his wife. It was from her that the land was bought by Karl Sievers, the marshal at the court of Elizabeth Petrovna. He also bought the eastern part from Golovin's heirs. On the site of old wooden buildings, a two-story baroque palace was erected. Sievers ordered the project from the architect Rastrelli.

The central part of the palace was emphasized by a magnificent entrance, to which two ramps led. Above the entrance is a covered balcony, completed with a complex cartouche. The facades were punctuated by pilasters, the roofs had complex outlines.

Sculpture was used extensively in decoration. The palace was located on a natural terrace, below which the Peterhof road passed. The ensemble was complemented by two separate outbuildings and a regular park with a pond.

Subsequently, the dacha was owned by many noble people, including Prince Potemkin. In 1828, the estate acquired a completely new purpose - the state bought it to the treasury for 190 thousand rubles, for the construction of the first hospital for the insane in St. Petersburg.

Hospital buildings were attached to the main building, so that it acquired the shape of the letter "P". The main building housed a church, an office, reception rooms, and dining rooms. The halls were also divided for men and women from the "calm" patients. From the main building, spacious corridors led to the side wings - male and female.

In 1922, the hospital was renamed after the Swiss neuropathologist and public figure Auguste Henri Forel, who was friends with Lunacharsky and expressed his sympathy for the USSR. According to a typical scenario for that time, the church was liquidated in 1924, giving its premises to a club

Hospital them. Trout existed until 1941. When the front line approached Leningrad, the personnel were evacuated. The buildings occupied the command posts of the military units that defended the city. In the 41st, the headquarters of the 21st division of the NKVD was located here. During the war years, the buildings were badly damaged, only ruins remained of them.

The issue of restoring the architectural monument began to be discussed in the late 1940s. The whole complex was decided to be reconstructed as a House of Culture and supplemented with residential buildings for the workers of the growing Kirov Plant.

He worked on the project of the residential town being created here creative team 8th Architectural Workshop of the Lenproekt Institute. The complex was built with the help of factory builders.

The former palace complex remained the center of the town, to which one floor was added. Two seven-story towers were erected on the sides, and the central tower of the main building was demolished. The outbuildings, where the patients used to live, were completed up to four floors. In 1950, factory builders restored the four-story western building and completed two more similar buildings, which completed the architectural composition of the town.

It was decided to build all the buildings in the traditions of classical architecture in order to form a single architectural ensemble. The ancient pond and centuries-old trees have been preserved. One-story Tuscan colonnades have been preserved from the original palace of the Classicism era. The façade of the palace from Osterman's time, facing the park, has partially survived, and the vaults of the cellars rest on pillars erected under Rastrelli.

In 1990, the Kirov town was taken under state protection as an architectural monument. Today the complex is inhabited, there is a house of culture in it, Kindergarten, some premises are occupied by offices, cafes and shops.

Historical districts of St. Petersburg from A to Z Glezerov Sergey Evgenievich

"Kirovskiy Zhilgorodok"

"Kirovskiy Zhilgorodok"

Since the post-war period, this has been the name of the area of ​​the former estate on the 11th verst of the Peterhof road - now the section of Stachek Avenue not far from the intersection with Leninsky Prospekt.

In the time of Peter the Great, an associate of the reformer tsar, Admiral Ivan Mikhailovich Golovin, became the owner of the site. After his death, the estate was divided between the sons, it passed from hand to hand more than once, until the owner became the owner in the late 1750s. Court Marshal Karl Efimovich Sievers. For him, in 1761, according to the project of F.B. Rastrelli built a stone palace with two wings in the Baroque style. There is evidence that Catherine II liked to visit this estate.

Then the palace belonged to Sievers' daughter Elizaveta Karlovna, who married Yakob Efimovich Sievers, the Governor-General of Novgorod. She sold the estate in the late 1770s. Prince Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin. However, already in 1781, Catherine II bought Potemkin's dacha to the treasury and presented it to Vice-Chancellor Ivan Andreevich Osterman.

The palace was surrounded by gardens: at the top, on the terrace, there was a regular park with a pond built under the Sievers, and below, behind the Peterhof road, there was a vast landscape park with a complex water system and a ladle that had an exit through the channel to the Gulf of Finland.

In 1808, the country cottage passed to a new owner, Prince Pavel Petrovich Shcherbatov, who in 1828 sold the estate to the treasury. In the same year, work began on the restructuring of the former palace into the first state psychiatric hospital in St. Petersburg - a ward for the mentally ill that separated from the Obukhov hospital. The former ballroom of the palace turned into a hospital church, it was consecrated in the name of the Joy of All Who Sorrow icon. This is how the name of the hospital "All Who Sorrow" came about.

Next to the former manor house, special hospital buildings were built - for incurable patients (144 Stachek Ave.), for employees (160 Stachek Ave.). In the second half of the XIX century. built another service building (now Stachek Ave., 156). Thus, a whole hospital town arose on the site of the former estate.

The initiator of the creation of a suburban psychiatric hospital was the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, but the opening of the hospital took place after her death - in 1832. Subsequently, the hospital "All Who Sorrow" was taken care of by Emperor Nicholas I himself.

At the beginning of the twentieth century. this hospital was considered one of the best in Russia. It continued to exist after the revolution, having received in the early 1920s. the name of the famous Swiss neuropathologist and psychiatrist Forel. In folk toponymy, the name of the scientist has undergone metamorphosis: it has lost its original meaning and has become associated with fish.

It is no coincidence that the locals simply called the tram stop opposite “Trout”. There was even a legend: as if the place where the Kirovsky Zhilgorodok is located was famous for trout before. The nobility of St. Petersburg used to come here to fish and stay "in the ear" in a house at a distance, where a peasant woman named Ulyana lived. Hence the name of the nearest area - Ulyanka ...

During the war, the hospital town was close to the front line of defense and was badly damaged. After the war, they decided not to engage in restoration, but restored and reconstructed houses for housing for workers and employees of the Kirov Plant. Hence the name - "Kirov Zhilgorodok". The palace turned into a three-story building with two towers on the sides. Only the colonnades of the galleries of the 18th century survived. and a fragment of the garden facade. In 1965, the House of Culture was opened in the former palace, now it is the Kirovets Culture and Leisure Center.

This text is an introductory piece.