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Plan.

  • Reasons for the oprichnina
  • Oprichnina development
  • Results and consequences of the oprichnina.

Oprichnina

(1565-1572)

Etymology

From Old Russian - "oprich" - except the form "opricha" as a separate territory was used by Ivan IV Terrible for the implementation of a special policy - the oprichnina.

Oprichnina – a special, royal inheritance, consisting of the best lands under a special, separate oprichnina administration.


Work with documents.

Goals of the oprichnina:

  • The desire of the king for autocracy
  • The concentration of the main forces on the continuation of the work begun in 1558 Livonian War.
  • Elimination of the remnants of feudal fragmentation

Reasons for oprichnina:

  • The confrontation between the tsar and his entourage, caused by the formation of autocracy, the ousting of the princely-boyar nobility from power.
  • The dissatisfaction of the king with the result of the ongoing foreign policy(during the Livonian War)


Document #2. Answer the questions: 1) With what event is the beginning of the oprichnina connected? 2) How the organization has changed government controlled during the years of the oprichnina? 3) Against whom was the oprichnina terror directed?

Document #3.

  • What could such a policy of Ivan the Terrible lead to?
  • What, in your opinion, were the consequences of the oprichnina?

The consequences of the oprichnina

political

Socio-economic

1. Household

ruin of the country.

2. Beginning the process

enslavement of peasants

1. Strengthening the regime

the personal power of the king.

2. Liquidation

vestiges of specific


"The essence of the oprichnina"

S. Platonov, N. Pavlov-Silvansky "The struggle of the aristocracy against the emerging autocracy"

S. Solovyov “Progress in the approval state principles over generic "

D. Alshits "Terror - necessary condition autocracy".

A. Zimin, S. Veselovsky “Despotism and violence against all segments of the population.

V. Kobrin "Struggle between specific and centralized orders".

N. Karamzin "Consequence of the mental illness of Ivan IV".

V. Klyuchevsky "Hypertrophied centralization of state power"


1) The main content of the oprichnina was completely senseless murders. However, the most terrible and essential feature of the oprichnina was that Ivan IV, and his guardsmen, are absolutely sure of the goodness of their monstrous atrocities. What was their confidence based on?

2. Answer the question formulated by N. Kostomarov: “Tsar Ivan the Terrible chopped off the heads, drowned, burned his close servants with fire: the people grumbled. He did not declare horror and displeasure at the sight of many executions, often performed publicly.

Based on these signs, is it possible to conclude that Tsar Ivan did what pleased the people?


Thanks

Presentation on the topic "Oprichnina of Ivan ΙV the Terrible" on history in powerpoint format. This presentation for schoolchildren tells about the reasons, tasks, results of the oprichnina conducted by Ivan the Terrible. Presentation author: Fedorova I.A.

Fragments from the presentation

The concept of "oprichnina".

  • Oprichnina - "except."
  • 1) Oprichnina - hereditary land ownership of women from the grand ducal family.
  • 2) Oprichnina - the hereditary land possession of Ivan ΙV the Terrible.
  • 3) Oprichnina - the policy of Ivan ΙV in 1565-1572, accompanied by terror.

Oprichnik- a person in the ranks of the oprichnina army, that is, the guard created by Ivan the Terrible as part of his political reform in 1565. Oprichnik is a later term. In the time of Ivan the Terrible, guardsmen were called "sovereign people."

On the eve of the oprichnina.

  • Already during the first stage of the Livonian War, the tsar reproached his governors for insufficiently decisive actions. He found that "the boyars do not recognize his authority in military matters."
  • In 1563, Prince Kurbsky betrayed the tsar, who betrayed the tsar's scouts in Livonia and participated in the offensive actions of the Poles and Lithuanians.
  • The betrayal of Kurbsky strengthens Ivan Vasilyevich in the idea that there is a boyar conspiracy against him, the boyars not only want an end to the war, but also plot to kill him and put Prince Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky, cousin of Ivan the Terrible, on the throne. And that the metropolitan and the Boyar Duma stand up for the disgraced and prevent him, the Russian autocrat, from punishing traitors, therefore, emergency measures are required.

Correspondence between Ivan the Terrible and Kurbsky.

  • Kurbsky: “The tsar must seek the good and useful advice not only among advisers, but also among people of all people, since the gift of the spirit is given not according to external wealth, but also according to the righteousness of the soul.
  • Grozny: “Your Scripture has been accepted and read… You have snake venom under your tongue, and therefore, although your letter is filled with honey and honeycombs, it tastes worse than wormwood… In the blindness of your anger, you are not able to see the truth… Isn’t this contrary to reason— not wanting to be dominated by your slaves?

Chronicle of the oprichnina:

  • December 1564-February 1565 - Ivan's departure to Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda.
  • “On December 3, 1564, Muscovites were surprised and frightened to the extreme ... An endless train of carriages and sleigh carts crawled out of the Kremlin gates on this frosty morning - the Tsar and Tsarina Maria Temryukovna ... left their residence.
  • Division of the country into "oprichnina" and "zemshchina".
  • Execution of the boyars in Moscow.
  • 1566 -1568 – mass repression. 500 people executed. Metropolitan Philip condemns the oprichnina and leaves the metropolitan see.
  • 1569 -1570 - A wave of executions. Massacre of V. Staritsky.
  • 1570 - campaign against Novgorod.
  • 1570 - the execution of I. Viskovaty.
  • 1571 - attack Devlet - Giray.
  • 1572 - a new campaign Devlet - Giray.
  • 1572 - unification of the oprichnina and the zemshchina.
  • July 30, 1572 - Battle of the village of Molod (Vorotynsky commanded the army).
  • 1575 -1576 - the reign of Simeon Bekbulatovich.
  • 1576 - the return of Ivan ΙV to the throne.

Historians about oprichnina:

  • All the gloomy, musty atmosphere of the Middle Ages was imbued with the cult of violence, disregard for the dignity and life of man, all kinds of superstitions. Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich was not something exceptional in a long line of medieval rulers - tyrants. (1572 - Bartholomew night 30,000 people massacred).
  • The mass terror carried out in the Russian state in 1567-1570 created a situation that turned general fear and suspicion into the most important element of public life. In the end, Ivan the Terrible himself became a victim of fear. Throughout the entire oprichnina, he lived as a recluse in Sloboda and did not go anywhere except under guard. (Skrynnikov R.G. The reign of terror).

LESSON PLAN on history

Teacher: Bondarenko Nikolai Konstantinovich

Lesson topic: "Oprichnina"

Target: consider the concept of "oprichnina", goals, main events and consequences of the oprichnina.

Lesson type: a lesson in discovering new knowledge

Planned results:

Personal: fostering a sense of self- and mutual respect; development of cooperation when working in pairs; promote the moral self-determination of the individual, the ability to evaluate other people's actions, civil-patriotic self-determination of the individual.

Metasubject: the formation of regulatory, cognitive and communicative UUD: speech development; formation of skills to analyze and systematize the acquired knowledge; summarize facts and concepts; development of students' independence; development of the ability to find a solution to a problematic issue

Subject: mastery of holistic ideas about the oprichnina; extract the necessary information from it; development of the ability to identify the goals and consequences of an event, using the example of the oprichnina; development of skills to analyze fragments from films and extract the necessary information from them; mastering the concepts of oprichnina, zemshchina, guardsman.

Teaching methods: heuristic conversation, explanatory-illustrative, problem-search, role-playing game method.

Forms of organization cognitive activity students: frontal, independent, group, individual, work in pairs.

Means of education: projector, presentation, handouts, individual task cards for independent work at the blackboard, cards with tasks for working in groups, tests, "Novgorod letter".

Basic concepts studied in the lesson: oprichnina, zemshchina, oprichnik.

    organizational stage.

We welcome guests.

Class readiness message

2) Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson. Motivation learning activities students.

Hello guys, nice to see you. Today we will be transported to the 16th century and learn about one of the most important events era of Ivan IV, which will significantly affect the further history of Russia.

3) Actualization of knowledge.

Repetition of the passed material necessary for studying new topic

Work on individual cards at the blackboard

Let's remember the main moments of the reign of Ivan IV.

Who knows the dates well, goes to the blackboard and works with the dates, the 2nd student must choose the reforms of the Chosen One.

On the board 1 student "Write the dates"

    Years of reign of Ivan the Terrible?

    Year of wedding to the kingdom?

    Year of creation of the Sudebnik of Ivan IV?

    Year of creation of the Zemsky Sobor?

On the board 2 student "Choose the reforms of the Chosen One"

    Creation of the Zemsky Cathedral.

    Introduction of lessons and churchyards.

    Creation of the archery army.

    Cancellation of feedings.

    Creation of the Senate.

    Creation of orders.

In the meantime, the guys are working at the blackboard, let's remember with you:

What is the Chosen One?

Who was a member of the "Chosen Rada"? (slide 3)

Checking assignments at the blackboard

Let's check the correctness of the tasks on the board.

So, under Ivan IV, the process of centralization of the state finally ended.

In general, Ivan the Terrible in the first years of his reign, he carried out transformations in the state and strengthened his power with the help of reforms. At this time, there was a process of formation of a class-representative monarchy, when the upper strata could participate in government

slide 4

The Pskov chronicler wrote: « The tsar instituted an oprichnina, and therefore there was a great desolation of the Russian land.

What, according to the chronicler, is the reason for the desolation of the Russian land?

Do you know what an oprichnina is?

Guys, what do you think is the topic of our lesson?

3) Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson.

You have white sheets in front of you, turn them over, on them you will see the number and the topic of our today's lesson.

The topic of the lesson is "Oprichnina".

So, oprichnina is a completely new phenomenon for us, what should we learn about it? ( What is oprichnina)

And why was the oprichnina needed ..., that is, we need to find out ...? (goals). We also need to learn about the main events during the years of the oprichnina and what the oprichnina is for led ,those. her…? (effects).

Slide 5 "Lesson Objectives"

Today in the lesson we must learn what an oprichnina is, its goals, the main events during the years of the oprichnina and the consequences of the oprichnina.

problem question

The Pskov chronicler spoke of the desolation of the Russian land after the oprichnina.

This question, guys, we will try to answer at the end of the lesson.

4) Primary assimilation of new knowledge.

Solution learning task through the inclusion of new material

There are two definitions of oprichnina: in the narrow and broad sense.

slide 6

Read both definitions and choosewhich definition is given in the narrow sense, and which in the broad sense.

Ivan IV considered the boyars to be traitors; they did not swear allegiance to his son Dmitry, during the serious illness of Ivan IV. He also suspected the boyars of poisoning his wife, for which he dealt with " Chosen Rada».

On December 3, 1564, Ivan the Terrible and his family, unexpectedly for everyone, leave the capital on a pilgrimage. The king takes the treasury with him,personal library, icons and symbols of power. Visiting the villageKolomenskoye, he did not return to Moscow and, after wandering for several weeks, stops in Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda.

Slide 7

People didn't know what to think. A month later, the tsarist messenger brought two messages to Moscow, in one he announced his abdication, due to "anger" at the boyars because of their betrayal. And in the second...

And you will learn the content of the second message by reading the text in handout No. 1

What was the second message about?

Ivan IV presented his demands, upon fulfillment of which he agrees to return to Moscow:

Give him the right to execute "traitors", that is, objectionable, at his own discretion;

Establish a special order in the country, that is, it was envisaged to divide the entire territory of the state into two parts:

1) oprichnina - lands taken under special royal administration;

2) zemshchina - lands that the boyars should be in charge of.

Slide 8

In 1565, Ivan IV introduced the oprichnina. The years of the oprichnina 1565-1572. Let's write down the years of oprichnina in workbooks.

Ivan IV divided the state into 2 parts, the oprichnina - the personal lot of the tsar, who was ruled by Ivan the Terrible himself, and the zemshchina - the rest of the territory, which was ruled by the boyars. The oprichnina created its own oprichnina army, its own thought, its own orders.

Slide 9

The oprichnina included the best lands, primarily in the northeast, where the power of the boyars was not strong.

slide 10.

But, along with the boyars, Ivan the Terrible could also rule zemstvo.

As I already said, the king created his own oprichnina army. Before you is an oprichnik.

slide 11 The guardsmen dressed in all black, and dog heads were sewn to the saddles of the horses, which meant dog devotion to the king, and brooms, i.e. sweep away the change.

So r fuck, now let's formulate together the goals of introducing the oprichnina, what did Ivan IV want to achieve?

(I wanted to strengthen my power. To rein in the boyars. It was necessary to eliminate the liberties of Novgorod and specific principalities.)

At this time, Russia participated in the Livonian War, which you learned about in the previous lesson, it was necessary to gather all the forces to continue it.

slide11

Goals of the oprichnina (read 1 goal each)

    The concentration of the main forces for the ongoing Livonian War for access to the Baltic Sea (1558-1583)

In 1570, the tsar with the oprichnina army went on a campaign against Novgorod. He received a denunciation of the Novgorodians. BUT what was in this denunciation?

physical moment

The Novgorod charter was intercepted. Guys, get up from your chairs and pass this message from hand to hand while standing, this is an important historical document, you all need to hold it in your hands and touch history.

AT it's time to playSong of Fyodor Basmanov (heads of guardsmen) with guardsmen (from the film "Ivan the Terrible" by S. Eisenstein)

Did you hear Song of Fyodor Basmanov (head of guardsmen) (from the film "Ivan the Terrible" by S. Eisenstein)

Guys, this is a Novgorod charter!

« Polish king Sigismund August.

We, the Novgorod clergy, military people, merchant guests, clerks, clerks and all our people, inform you of our devotion to you.

Guys, what was in this denunciation, why did Tsar Ivan the Terrible go to Novgorod? ( due to treason Novgorodians)

This is how Andrey Eshpay portrayed this campaign in his film "Ivan the Terrible"

After watching the movie clip, answer the question:

How was the Novgorod liberty liquidated, how did the guardsmen behave, what methods did they act with?

5) Initial check of understanding

What feelings did these shots evoke in you? You, probably, just like me, are in pain for these innocent people who suffered from the oprichnina, for the poor Russian people

Student message:

    Struggle for power in England.

    The struggle for power in France.

    Miraculous rescue of Pskov.

Oprichnina and the Livonian War weakened Moscow State. The guardsmen could not repulse the army of the Crimean Khan Devlet Giray, and therefore in 1572 Ivan G pink cancels oprichnina. After its cancellation, Ivan the Terrible executed most of the guardsmen themselves.

6) Primary fastening.

So, guys, what did the policy of the oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible lead to?

Let's highlight consequences of the oprichnina and work in groups.

Completing tasks on cards. ( It is necessary to divide the proposed consequences into positive and negative. Put “+” next to positive ones, “-“ next to negative ones. Which group finishes first raises their hand.

Card assignment

    Severe economic crisis

    Strengthening autocracy "+"

    The centralization of the country, the independence of the specific princes was eliminated "+"

    Strengthening the defense capability of the state "+"

    Helped establish serfdom

because in 1581 reserved years were introduced, i.e. the transfer of peasants to another landowner on St. George's Day was forbidden. "-"

Name the positive consequences of oprichnina.

Now guys, we can answer the question posed at the beginning of the lesson.

Did the oprichnina lead only to negative consequences?

In general, we can note that Ivan the Terrible achieved the desired goals, but only at what cost.

That is, we can conclude that Ivan the Terrible established the oprichnina, which led to the establishment of an absolute monarchy in Russia.

Let's see if we have become connoisseurs of history, have we mastered the topic "Oprichnina"

in front of you leaflets , take them, take a test on them, circle the correct answer (only 1 answer is possible). You have 1 minute to work.

After the children complete the test

And now, exchange leaflets with a neighbor, check each other. (at this time, the answers appear on the screen). If your neighbor made 1 mistake, put him "4", if 2, then "3", and if 3, then "2". If you make mistakes, it's okay guys, only the one who does nothing doesn't make mistakes. You'll be fine next time.

Test

    1. Years of oprichnina?

2. Ivan the Terrible divided the territory of the state into 2 parts. For what?

A) lessons and graveyards

B) polyudie and cart

B) oprichnina and zemshchina

A) devotion to the king

B) cruelty

C) with the fact that they go hunting

4. From the proposed list, select one of the goals of the oprichnina

A) the tsar wanted the tsar more liberties for the boyars

B) strengthening the power of the king and the centralization of the state

B) the weakening of the state

5. Oprichnina is

A) the inheritance of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible with a special territory, army and government agencies

B) the territory ruled by the boyars

C) the name of the dog of Ivan the Terrible

(They exercise mutual control through checking the tests of their neighbor and grading him).

7) Information about homework instructions for its implementation

P.232 task No. 2 in writing in notebooks

8) Reflection (summing up the lesson)

Evaluation of the results of the work of students in the lesson

Guys, you did a good job today at the lesson. Well done! I see that today you all have become connoisseurs of the topic "Oprichnina"

Guys, if you agree with this statement, then leave your autograph for history, go to the board and put your signature with colored felt-tip pens on the “historical” document.

“This lesson was very useful and exciting, gave a lot of knowledge and made me think! What we testify, students of the 6th grade.

Guys, thank you for the lesson!

Sign your tests and leave them on my desk. Thanks in advance.

View presentation content
"Presentation for the lesson of Oprichnin Ivan the Terrible"

Presentation

For a history lesson in grade 6

Theme: "Oprichnina"


The composition of the "Chosen Rada"

Priest Sylvester

Patriarch Job

Nobleman Adashev

Prince Andrei Kurbsky

Metropolitan Macarius

Malyuta Skuratov


"The tsar instituted the oprichnina, and therefore the greatness of the Russian land was desolated." Pskov chronicler


Lesson topic:

"Oprichnina"

1. Causes and goals of the oprichnina. 2. Development of the oprichnina. 3. The results of the oprichnina.


  • Find out what an oprichnina is.
  • Find out the purpose of the introduction of oprichnina.
  • Consider the main events of the oprichnina period.
  • Find out the consequences of oprichnina.


The name of the inheritance of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible with a special territory, army and government institutions.

Complex of internal political measures of Ivan IV, carried out in 1565-1572. in order to strengthen the personal power of the sovereign.

In a narrow sense

In a broad sense


Alexander Sloboda. Engraving of the 16th century.



The system of state administration during the oprichnina period

Oprichnina

Zemshchina

Territory: Pomor counties, the lands of the Stroganovs in the Urals, a number of settlements in Moscow.

Capital: Alexander Sloboda.

Territory: lands not included in the oprichnina.

Ivan ΙV

Oprichnaya Duma.

Head of the government- AND. Viscous.

Zemsky Boyar Duma.

Oprichny orders

Capital: Moscow.

Land orders.

Oprichnaya treasury. Oprichny army.

Zemstvo treasury.

Zemstvo army.






Goals of the oprichnina:

  • Establishment of unlimited power of the king
  • The fight against the feudal aristocracy (the independence of the boyars)
  • Elimination of the remnants of feudal fragmentation (specific principalities, Novgorod freemen)
  • - the concentration of the main forces for the ongoing Livonian War for access to the Baltic Sea (1558-1583)

Physical minute

We walk through history

Something we don't understand

Study and observe!




From the highlighted consequences of oprichnina, highlight the negative and positive

The consequences of the oprichnina

  • Severe economic crisis
  • Strengthening autocracy
  • The centralization of the country, the independence of the specific princes was eliminated
  • Strengthening the defense capability of the state
  • Helped establish serfdom


Criteria for assessing test performance

0 errors - "5"

1 mistake - "4"

2 errors - "3"

3 or more errors - "2"

Answers

1. Years of oprichnina

B) 1565-1572

2. Ivan the Terrible divided the territory of the state into 2 parts. For what?

B) oprichnina and zemshchina

3. A dog's head was tied to the guardsman's saddle, which symbolized?

A) devotion to the king

  • Choose one of the oprichnina targets.

B) strengthening the power of the king and the centralization of the state

5. Oprichnina is

A) the inheritance of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible with a special territory, army and government institutions


Homework

Additional task increased complexity optional

P.232 task No. 2 in writing in notebooks

slide 2

Lesson Objectives

1. Form an idea of ​​the essence of the oprichnina; 2. Describe the goals pursued by Ivan the Terrible when it was introduced; 3. Develop the ability to compare facts, analyze and draw conclusions; 4. Get acquainted with the protest against the ongoing oprichnina; 5. To instill interest in the historical past of Russia.

slide 3

Lesson plan:

1. Causes of the oprichnina. 2. Development of the oprichnina. 3. The results of the oprichnina.

slide 4

Why was Ivan IV nicknamed the Terrible?

Ivan was a gifted child. He read a lot, played chess brilliantly, and although he did not receive a systematic education, he had knowledge in many areas. The king was an excellent speaker, his manuscripts testify to his writing talent. He was a skilled politician, diplomat and major military statesman. He was distinguished by a natural sharp mind, brilliant eloquence, and the talent of a publicist. Ivan collected ancient books and his library was considered the largest in Europe. BUT ALL THESE ADVANTAGES WERE COMBINED WITH CRUELTY, VENGEENCE AND RUTHlessness. IVAN QUICKLY LOST CONTROL, WENT INTO A TERRIBLE RAGE, FROM EARLY YOUTH HE DEVELOPED TWO FEATURES: SUSPICIOUSNESS AND CRUELTY.

slide 5

In Russia there was a class-representative monarchy

Tsar Boyar Duma Metropolitan from 1589 - patriarch Zemsky Sobor Represented: boyars, clergy, nobility, merchants, state apparatus City orders, clerks, labial elders, zemstvo elders, favorite heads, governors Authorities and administrations (in the middle of the 16th-17th centuries)!

slide 6

CHOSEN RADA

At the end of the 40s. 16th century under the tsar, the Chosen Rada appeared (A. Adashev, Sivestr, A. Kurbsky, etc.). With her participation, Ivan IV began to carry out reforms. 1549 - Convocation of the Zemsky Sobor. 1550 - Sudebnik (confirmation of St. George's Day). 1550 - the beginning of the creation of the archery army. "Government's Council". Miniature of the 16th century.

Slide 7

Physical education minute

We begin to walk through history again. To make everything clear We worked hard. The sun lifts us up to exercise, We raise our hands at the command “one”. And the foliage rustles merrily above us, We lower our hands at the command "two".

Slide 8

At the beginning of 1565, Ivan the Terrible unexpectedly left Moscow and made his residence Alexandrov Sloboda, not far from the Trinity-Sergius Monastery.

Aleksandrova Sloboda

Slide 9

What is an oprichnina?

  • Slide 10

    Oprichnina: 1565 - 1572

    Oprichnina - a system of internal political measures of Ivan IV to combat alleged treason among the nobility (executions, land confiscations, mass repressions). Oprichnina - the name of the inheritance of Ivan the Terrible, which existed in 1565 - 1572. with a special territory, army and state apparatus.

    slide 11

    Oprichniks behaved like an unbridled horde in their native land. They accompanied the king everywhere, ready to carry out any order. As a sign of complete obedience to the monarch, they attached dog heads and brooms to the saddles of their horses, which meant dog devotion and readiness to avenge any betrayal of the sovereign.

    slide 12

    Goals of the oprichnina:

    Establishment of the unlimited power of the tsar Struggle against the feudal aristocracy (independence of the boyars) Elimination of the remnants of feudal fragmentation (specific principalities, Novgorod freemen) - the tsar's desire for sole power; - the concentration of the main forces for the ongoing Livonian War

    slide 13

    Metropolitan Philip resolutely opposed the introduction of the oprichnina and mass executions, but for this he paid with his life.

    Slide 14

    The consequences of the oprichnina

    Centralization of the country Formation of despotic autocracy Severe economic crisis Helped to establish serfdom

    slide 15

    The results of the reign of Ivan the Terrible

    The boyar-princely nobility fell into complete dependence on the tsar, the establishment of the autocratic power of the tsar Unprecedented economic decline

    slide 16

    Ivan IV Vasilyevich, the first Russian tsar, nicknamed the Terrible by the people, died on March 18, 1584 in Moscow and was buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

    Slide 17

    Tests

    1. Match the dates and events: 1. The fall of Kazan a) 1582. 2. Fall of Astrakhan b) 1552 3. Victory over the army of the Siberian Khan Kuchum c) 1556 2. Indicate the chronological framework of the Livonian War: 1. 1548 - 1575. 2. 1556 - 1565 3. 1533 - 1548 4. 1558 - 1583 3. Name the territories that were annexed to Russia under Ivan IV: 1. Kazan 2. Novgorod 3. Astrakhan 4. Kyiv 5. Siberia 4. Ataman Ermak Timofeevich became famous: a) in the fight against the Crimean Khan; b) when taking Kazan; c) in the fight against the Siberian Khan. 5. What is the date of the wedding on the royal throne of Ivan XIV: a) 1530. b) 1550 c) 1547

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