Why can't a child take dictation? Problems in study. If the child writes with errors. Focus on the lesson

Studying at school is almost always fraught with considerable effort. And both from the side of the child, and his responsible parents. And one of the fundamental points for a student for all his school years (and not only) is the ability to write correctly.

However, as important as this skill is, it is just as difficult to develop it. Mistakes in notebooks of a student of any class do not surprise anyone. However, if they are repeated from time to time, this becomes a cause for concern for parents and teachers.

In this case, it is important to find out why literacy suffers: is it only the lack of attentiveness and perseverance in the child that is to blame, or does the reason have a medical explanation?

What is dysgraphia?

Today, more and more children are being diagnosed with dysgraphia. This is a disorder in which a child cannot learn writing skills. At the same time, he can know the rules of the Russian language by heart, but when it comes to practice, the student cannot write without errors.

Dysgraphia is expressed by the following "symptoms" in which you should be wary:

the child writes extra elements of letters or, conversely, does not complete the letters;
some letters and numbers are written in mirror image;
letters are often omitted in words;
in writing, the child rearranges syllables;
letters are repeated in the word (“Lalina” instead of “raspberry”, etc.);
there may be no spaces between words, dots between sentences;
lines often continue beyond the margins of the notebook.

If such phenomena are systematic, it will not be possible to master error-free writing in a short time. However, the situation can be improved. If the mistakes are of a different nature, the fault is the baby’s inattention, which will also be dealt with over time.

How to help a student write correctly with dysgraphia?

If you suspect that your child has such a disorder, you should first of all contact a good speech therapist.

When confirming the diagnosis, parents have to work hard:

"Magic Dictation"

You can teach your child not to skip letters using the Magic Dictation game. Before you write a phrase of 3-4 words, you need to determine (tap) how many syllables are in each of them, and fix each with a dash. At the next step, not syllables, but letters are indicated by dots.

Mastering vocabulary words

If the baby is not given vocabulary words, you can try to make a story with them: the parent dictates the sequence of words to the child, and he comes up with a plot with them, pronouncing the correct spelling in syllables.

The sequence is then dictated again and a self-test is performed. You can also resort to the help of a drawing, highlighting the spelling (for example, the sun with the letter “l” inside).

"Foreign Reading"

No less effective is the “Foreign Reading” method, in which 5-15 minutes a day (depending on age) the child must read spelling, that is, as it is written (“Give From Cow Milk”). This is how the visual images of words are fixed. For such reading it is best to use orthographic dictionary.

"Pencil" dictations and cheating

Arrange “pencil” dictations and cheating for a child with dysgraphia: let the child write with a pencil, then he checks each word and erases the wrong letters with an eraser, entering the necessary ones. The result is a clean and competent text, which will be an excellent motivation for the student.

In addition to these exercises, there are many others. They are aimed not only at developing the skill of correct writing, but also at stimulating the work of the brain in general, which has a beneficial effect on the student's progress.

Among them:

games with constructor and puzzles,
button sewing,
weaving from beads and beads,
miniature drawing,
burning - in general, everything that develops fine motor skills and makes both hemispheres of the brain work.

How can you help your child deal with inattention?

As we have already found out, not all schoolchildren make mistakes in notebooks due to dysgraphia, most of them receive poor marks in writing due to banal inattention. It is not worth scolding children for this, but it is necessary to correct the situation.

In this case, games and exercises to develop the child's attention come to the rescue.

Here is some of them:

"Corrector"

Invite the child to be in the role of a proofreader. At first, give the child the task of finding a certain letter in the text and marking it. For older students, you can prepare a text with errors and ask them to correct them, along the way pronouncing the rules of the Russian language, according to which this or that letter should be written.

So in the memory of the child both the rule itself and the correct spelling of the word will be fixed. A good effect is given by such an adjustment of texts written earlier by the student himself.

Games for changing the composition of objects and logic

Games like “What has changed?”: the child looks at a sequence of objects (drawings, toys, etc.) for some time, then turns away, and the parent removes one object or rearranges the objects. The kid player will have to determine what has changed.

All kinds of board games for logic: walkers, chess, checkers and backgammon, even "sea battle" - all of them will give a positive result. Puzzles and constructors are also good.

In addition, attention and writing skills can be developed in a child in other ways. The most important of these is reading. Read together, syllable by syllable and fluently, regularly, with interest. On walks, notice signs and announcements, price tags, determine if there are errors on them.

In addition to reading and exercising, it is certainly important to organize the correct diet and daily routine for the student, outdoor games, dancing or sports. All this will keep the brain in good shape, while not unnecessarily straining it, which means that it will be faster to teach a child to write without errors.

Before going to first grade, almost every child swears to his parents that he will study for one five and know more than anyone. But time passes and parents are horrified to understand that the baby cannot write correctly in Russian. Moms and dads tend to blame anyone for the occurrence of mistakes - a child, teachers, or the entire education system in general. But instead, it’s better to think about how to teach your child to write correctly. This task is not difficult at all. The main thing is to be patient and know some secrets.

Learning to write correctly

If your child has normal vision, hearing and developed intelligence, this does not mean at all that he is obliged to write without errors. It's all about the development of his brain. Up to the age of 18, its individual parts are assembled like a puzzle. The reason for making mistakes in writing can be the immaturity of the parts of the brain responsible for speech attention, orientation in space, motor functions of the hands, as well as the interaction between the left and right hemispheres. That is why teaching children to write correctly should begin with the development of all these functions. What is needed for this:

1. Walk outdoors with your child more often. Prefer outdoor games to your computer.

2. Proper nutrition also improves brain function. Eliminate products containing chemicals. Give your child nuts, honey, fruits and fish.

3. Before going to bed, massage your child's neck, feet, fingers and palms of the hands. You can buy a special massage mat.

4. Develop fine motor skills. The development of the part of the brain responsible for the speech of the child depends on it. The following exercises will help you:

cut out small and large objects with the baby, make applications from them;
buy a coloring book for your child, in which you need to carefully shade the pictures, draw the figures in the cells or connect the dots;
sculpt from plasticine and create origami. This activity will develop not only motor skills, but also the creative thinking of the baby.

5. Play with your child and "cities", "words" and "associations". The better he masters the language, the less problems he will have with how to write correctly in Russian.

In addition to creative activities, attention should be paid directly to literacy. Some tips on how to teach your child to write correctly will help you with this:

1. The first and most important thing that every parent is obliged to do is to create a child's motivation and craving for knowledge. Explain why we all learn to write correctly, and why he needs to learn, interest him. And be sure to create all the conditions for a quiet preparation of lessons.

2. Motivate your child to read. Try as little as possible to allow him to the computer. Try to explain that only books make a person strong, literate and successful.

3. Many words are not verifiable, so teaching children to write correctly is not complete without memorization. To make this activity easy for your baby, try a few interesting options:

Each lesson must be interesting child. Let him get in wonderful world grammar, and he will independently make friends with the rules of the Russian language. Good help in this matter will be provided by the exercises from the series “We speak and write correctly”. You can create a child list dictionary words and stick them around the house with stickers. Constantly bumping into them with a glance, the child will automatically remember their spelling and will never make mistakes. And with older children, you can read together such an interesting book as "Secrets of Spelling" (Granik G.G., Bondarenko S.M., Kontsevaya L.A.) Prove to your child that being literate is great and very soon he will prove that can learn without mistakes.

You can learn to write correctly and correctly in a couple of months. Read about the methods in the article.

There is an opinion that in our age modern technologies, the main thing is to be able to type quickly. After all, both work and life outside of it are connected with computers and smartphones.

We communicate on the Internet and try to quickly type search queries on the Internet or print messages.
But experts, on the contrary, are sure that you need to learn calligraphic handwriting. Indeed, according to a competent and beautiful letter, one can judge not only accuracy and perseverance.
Especially in children, this indicates a good development of fine motor skills of the hands, thanks to which one can judge an excellent intellectual development.
This article contains methods to help teach children and students of middle and high school to write correctly, and tips for adults.

How to quickly teach a child to write dictations correctly: secret number 1

Parents are pleased to hear when their baby begins to coo and pronounce the first words. Also, mom and dad rejoice after a while, when the baby’s speech becomes understandable, and the answers to questions are meaningful.

When the child grows up a little more, parents give their child to Kindergarten where he is taught to write.
Almost all parents demand that the letters be written out accurately, despite the fact that the child is only 5 or 6 years old. This is a big mistake!
In order for a child to learn to write correctly, time must pass and come.
Scientists have found that the formation of the level of correct spelling is completed by the 4th grade.
But intensively you need to start writing in the 1st grade. So, how to teach the grammar of the Russian language to a first grader?

Secret number 1: Development of fine motor skills of hands.

Hand and finger training- this is important in the process of learning competent and beautiful writing. This is especially true for first graders.
Sculpting helps to develop fine motor skills of the hands.
Benefit on learning to sculpt from plasticine or clay mass can be found in any bookstore.

The first stage, which helps to develop calligraphic handwriting, is the proper organization of the children's workplace. It is important to teach the baby to sit at the table correctly. Pay attention to the following:

Back should be straight, with emphasis on the chair.
Elbows should lie on the surface of the table, in particular, the elbow of the hand that is working while writing.
Breast should be slightly moved away from the table. From the edge of the table to the chest of the baby sitting on the chair there should be a distance of one fist.
Head should be slightly tilted.
Legs you need to put on the floor, bend your knees at a right angle.
Notebook should lie at a 45° angle between the top corner and the edge of the table. In this case, the lower corner of the notebook is directed to the center of the chest.

Be sure to prepare everything you need for training: a pen with three edges for a comfortable grip, a special copybook and a notebook in an oblique line.

How to quickly teach a child to write dictations correctly: secret number 2

To learn how to write in calligraphic handwriting without mistakes and blots, you need to make a lot of effort. Parents and the teaching staff of the school must find an approach to the child. The following secret will help teach the grammar of the Russian language to a second grader and a third grader. This method is also suitable for high school students.

Secret #2: Writing dictations regularly

At first, this may seem like an unnecessary task, but two texts a week, written under dictation - these are excellent results in 2-3 months.
Be sure to check for errors, and do the analysis with the child. Thanks to this, he will better remember the structure of word forms in which inaccuracies are allowed. Repeat difficult words during the dictation 2-3 times. It is even permissible to prompt if the baby finds it difficult to write this or that word.
While parsing errors, repeat the rules that will help you remember the spelling of complex word forms. It is important to point out to the child the inaccuracies. You can invite him to write out the word with a mistake, writing it correctly, and write this word for several lines. Thanks to this technique, the baby will think about where he made a mistake and remember the spelling of this word.

Of great importance is the graphic image of words, which is remembered by a person forever. Therefore, it is important in a child to develop the ability to memorize a word and not make mistakes in it.

How to quickly teach a child to write dictations correctly: secret number 3

Everyone knows that writing and reading are closely related. If a person reads a lot, then he will write correctly. Therefore, the next secret is related specifically to reading, but some nuances should be taken into account.

Secret #3: Systematic reading aloud

Independent reading develops memory and attention. But you need to read aloud, as young children better perceive the information that they pronounce.
Choose books that interest your child. But remember that the right literary language presented only by some classic writers: Tolstoy, Chekhov, Bunin, Turgenev.
First, let the child read as he writes- by syllables, pronouncing each letter. Then you can move on to reading as we speak.
Role Reading- it is interesting, entertaining and will help you remember individual words better.

How to quickly teach a child to write dictations correctly: secret number 4

Small children love to play. Even big girls and boys better remember some knowledge gained in the game. Therefore, we continue to reveal the secrets of successful learning to write correctly.

Secret #4: Learning as a Game

For kids, you can make cards with words in which the child most often makes mistakes.
Hang them over the table or play a game, in which you first need to write a word, and then a card with it will appear. You can offer to pull out a card and explain the spelling of a word.
It is better for older children to offer to be a teacher for a while.. Let your child imagine himself at school, but in the role of a teacher who explains to his students new theme by spelling. The child must also conduct a dictation, and mom or dad must write it, and preferably correctly.

Thanks to this technique, the child will learn to write correctly, but this will take some time. Don't ask for everything at once. The child should not have an aversion to the learning process. It is important to instill a love for books and learning, this will only help to make the positive attitude of teachers, parents and the child himself.

How to quickly teach a child to write dictations correctly: secret number 5

The child should see the parents' interest in his good results. If the baby observes that mom and dad do not care how he studies and what he does at school, then most likely such a child will not achieve high results. The game, which will be described below, will help teach the grammar of the Russian language to a fourth grader and a fifth grader.

Secret #5: Mutual Verification

Sit with your child at different tables and dictate small texts to each other.
Parents need to specifically make a few mistakes.
Then exchange written dictations with the child and check them for errors.
If the child himself does not see inaccuracies, then you need to tell him how many words have incorrectly written letters.

This game helps to develop memory and attention. The child will better remember the spelling of words, will correctly put commas and other punctuation marks.

How to teach a primary school child to write correctly: recommendations and advice from an experienced teacher

If you have a question about how to teach the grammar of the Russian language to an elementary school student, then the advice of experienced teachers will help you. Here are recommendations with which a child can achieve good results after 2-3 months of hard work:

Motivate your children

Teenagers and elementary school children do not yet understand why they need to study well and write correctly.
Parents and teachers should convey to their children that the correct spelling of the words of the Russian language is the basis of life, by which a child's growing up is judged.
Let the kid come to your work and see how important it is to be able to write correctly in business papers, when drafting contracts and various legal papers.

If the child has dysgraphia

See a speech pathologist. Often, parents cannot distinguish whether the child is absent-minded or has serious speech impairments on paper - dysgraphia.
If a child swaps syllables, invents his own endings in words, does not write capital letters, goes beyond the margins, does not pay attention to the line, then you should contact a speech therapist and a psychologist.
Specialists will give recommendations and help to cope with this childhood illness.

Get a special collection of texts

For each class there are words to be memorized.
Ask your teacher for a list of these words and ask him to recommend a dictation book.

Dictation should not be a daily activity

Enough 2 times a week for the first 2 months, and then 1 time in 7-10 days.
The dictation should be a control test session, and not a child's daily torment.

Remember: Children do not learn in the same way. Someone begins to write correctly right away, while others need several months and even years to learn good literacy, and this is normal.

How to teach a middle school child to write correctly: recommendations from an experienced teacher

If the child has already graduated from elementary school, and he has a problem with literacy, then it is worth starting to study with him right now. Than at a later date you'll be postponing extra classes, the more difficult it will be for your child to learn to write correctly. Here are some recommendations from an experienced teacher on how to teach Russian grammar to a sixth grader and a seventh grader:

The teacher or parents must dictate texts several times in which gross errors are made. Difficult words - pay attention to them separately. If mistakes are made, then they need to be sorted out with a detailed analysis.
At this age, children are also interested in learning in the form of a game.. For example, you can offer to make a crossword puzzle.
Prepare for the dictation: repeat the rules, words from the dictionary, complete the tasks the same as they will be in the class.
During the dictation, listen carefully to the teacher, and pay attention to punctuation marks. No need to peep into someone else's notebook, as you can write off other people's mistakes. Do not write ahead, even if it seems that you remember the text.
Innate Literacy is the term we are used to. But in fact, this term refers to a good visual memory for spelling words.

Lovers of reading a lot usually have good literacy, as they see examples of the correct spelling of words. When reading, give preference to classical literature.

How to learn to write correctly for high school students and adults: recommendations from an experienced teacher

High school students need to be able to write correctly, as it is important to pass exams well in order to enter a university, and the Russian language is a mandatory exam after the 9th and 11th grades. How to teach grammar of the Russian language to a ninth grader and a tenth grader? Here are some tips:

hand memory. It has long been proven that our hands have memory, that is, we can do with our hands what the brain seems to have forgotten. Also with words, the hand will write out the word itself. But for this you need to train a lot - write, write and write again.
Buy a spelling dictionary. If you have any doubts about the correct spelling of a word, you can always check its spelling.
Write a dictionary of hard-to-remember words. This will help to have a notebook at hand, which you can look at at any time and see the correct spelling of a compound word.
Exercise regularly. High school students can write dictations at least every day, unlike kids. You need to understand for yourself that literacy is not an innate trait of a person, but the result of hard training. It is important to write a lot and not lose interest in such activities, then the words will be easy to remember.

Many people believe that in the eleventh grade it is already too late to start learning literacy if it has not been mastered by that time. But experienced teachers assure that it's never too late to learn, and if you try, you can improve your literacy in one year and pass the exam well.

Now you know how to teach Russian grammar to an elementary school student, an eighth grader, or an adult. The main thing is to do it with interest, tuning in to a positive wave and an excellent final result.

Video: Dictation. How to write a dictation for 5? Why is it difficult to write dictations?

There is a very simple and effective way to teach a child to write correctly. And first of all, parents can help him in this, if, of course, they have the time and desire. The theory of Dmitry Ivanovich Tikhomirov, a well-known researcher in the 19th century, to whom in 1888 the St. Petersburg Literacy Committee awarded the Great gold medal.

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How to teach good writing

Often children, even those who know the rules well, make mistakes in dictations and essays. Illiterate adults grow up out of them, and this, unfortunately, cannot be corrected by subsequent education. Try to help your children yourself, not relying on the school.

The most important rule, according to psychologists, is: "A mistake should not be fixed in the mind." If a child asks how a word is spelled, immediately say it correctly. Phrases like: "here is written not "a", but "o".

Try to regularly conduct dictations at home at least from the textbook exercises. If the child is having difficulty or is already deducing the wrong letter, standing behind him, quietly prompt: here "o" or here "e". Do not focus on incorrect spelling, fix only the correct one.

There is a very simple and effective way to teach a child to write correctly.And first of all, parents can help him in this, if, of course, they have the time and desire.

Modern innovative educators have developed effective method helping to fight illiteracy absolutely at any age. Naturally, the sooner you start classes with your child, the faster and easier you will achieve the desired result. The basis is the theory of Dmitry Ivanovich Tikhomirov, a well-known researcher in the 19th century, who in 1888 was awarded the Great Gold Medal by the St. Petersburg Literacy Committee. The following lines belong to him: "If you want your child to write correctly, make him read as it is written, and do not be afraid that he will speak the same way, because children understand that we do not speak the way we write."

Some modern educators, based on the theory of Tikhomirov, very successfully teach children and adults literate writing. The practical application of the theory is more than simple. The child needs to be taught the so-called "spelling" reading. What does it mean? Any text can be divided into syllables. Each syllable has its own peak, i.e., a vowel sound. The remaining sounds of the syllable, i.e. consonants, are pronounced at a lower sound level. Each syllable can be called a separate sound unit of the word. Almost all children begin to read in syllables, and only then learn to pronounce the whole word. When the child masters reading, he no longer remembers syllables. But in order to teach him literate speech, you will have to turn his attention back to syllables.

Invite him to read aloud, loudly and clearly, some text not in the way we usually speak, but in the way we write. In this case, the child must break the word into syllables and pronounce it, emphasizing and highlighting them, but quickly enough. And if the word is simple, it can be read quickly without breaking into syllables.

In this case, visual, auditory and motor (language, larynx) memory work simultaneously. Then, when the child encounters these words in a letter, he mentally pronounces them correctly, and therefore writes correctly.

Note: for reading it is better to use the classics: I. Turgenev, L. Tolstoy, I. Bunin, etc.

If you captivate a child, such reading will be perceived by him as a very interesting game. After all, children are interested in everything new and unusual. Reading, which can be loosely called "literacy reading", is likely to be fun for a child.

"Reading literacy" should be regular, and during classes, the presence of one of the adults is obligatory in order to monitor how the child read this or that word. For example, the word "which" he pronounced as we usually say, that is, "which." An adult needs to correct the child in a mild form and ask him to read the word again.

With children under the age of ten, you can do this for a very short time, about 5 to 10 minutes. Further, motor skills no longer work, and reading does not bring the proper result. With children over ten years old, you can do a little more - about 15 minutes.

Regular classes, in which the child repeatedly pronounces various difficult-to-remember words aloud exactly as they are written, form his sense of natural literacy. Over time, he will accurately write any words, even the most complex ones. Because a trained mind automatically captures all the features of their sound.

After a few months of regular practice, you will notice an improvement in your child's writing.

Reading by syllables, with a clear pronunciation of each letter, must be practiced every day. Verification dictations, text and vocabulary, can be done 1-5 times a week. When checking your child's work, do not underline the mistakes with a red pencil. By doing this, you only fix the wrong spelling in memory. It is better to write down the words in which mistakes are made and include them in vocabulary blocks, read by a child, and then check again in dictation. Of course, there are well-established, complex methods for developing literacy. What we advise today is not difficult and requires only constant, daily work. The effectiveness has been tested over and over again.

In conclusion, we want to convey a conversation with a random fellow traveler on the train. An elderly man said that at school he was not certified in Russian after the eighth grade. I knew the rules, but wrote with numerous errors. The teacher advised him to rewrite ten pages of the novel "War and Peace" every day of the summer holidays. In the fall, he successfully passed the exam, making only two mistakes in the essay. Since then, he has had no problems with literacy, and now he shows his grandchildren several common notebooks with scribbled yellowed sheets, the memory of that terrible summer. Classic is great! Try it.

Literacy is not a gift or a talent, but an acquired writing skill. Therefore, do not despair if your child often makes grammatical errors when writing. It’s just worth practicing with him and fixing the material covered in your memory, and you need to start from the basics, namely with the correct pronunciation of sounds, letters and.

Let's draw a picture of what happens in a person's brain when writing. First, we pronounce the word by syllables, then we associate a certain sound with a letter of the alphabet. Next, we remember how this or that letter looks and depict it on paper. Now a more complicated process - you need to put everything together and get the finished word.

But in practice, everything is much simpler and requires only daily activities from your child, which will help to consolidate the acquired knowledge and turn on the "automatic" mode during the subsequent letter.

Teachers are those people who constantly face such a problem as illiteracy. Therefore, based on many years of experience, a special technique was created with simple and effective exercises that, in a matter of time, will teach any child to write correctly without errors, both under dictation and when copying text from a textbook.

Exercise number 1 - we catch letters. Very often, children have poorly developed auditory perception, which, accordingly, will negatively affect dictations. Therefore, with early childhood you need to teach the child to catch the sounds and letters from the spoken words. And do it better in a playful way. For example, a word game - say a word, and the child says what letter it ends with and names another word that begins with this letter.
Exercise number 2 - divide into syllables. Often, some letters are missing in words. To prevent errors of this type, perform the following exercise. We take a leaf with a pencil and give it to the child. We pronounce the word, and your baby divides it into syllables and in parallel draws underscores on paper. How many syllables - so many dotted lines. Now repeat the word and let him write each syllable on his own line.
Exercise number 3 - a test word. Children constantly confuse O and A, B and P, and so on. And here the main thing is to teach the child to associate this or that word with another cognate. For example, the verb to spend the night - they often write "to spend the night", but if the child checks with the help of the single-root noun "night", then all questions will immediately disappear.
Exercise number 4 - scanner. Direct practice is the key to success in any business. And it is better to start here with a simple one, namely with the usual rewriting of the text. So we will fix in memory the very motor skills of writing. And the child will only need concentration and attention.
Exercise number 5 - dictation. Writing down words from dictation is a more complex science, as additional mechanisms are activated in the brain. And it is worth transgressing to it after consolidating the previous skill. The more you write dictations, the faster your child will learn to write correctly.
Exercise number 6 - punctuation. There are no periods and commas, or, conversely, too many punctuation marks. The only way to improve punctuation skills in writing is to read aloud consciously. Yes, the child must understand what he is reading and convey the desired intonation. Then it will not be difficult to finish the sentence or put a comma in the right place and make sense.

In addition to the above exercises, do not forget about the rules of the Russian language. But do not force the child to cram them, let him read better fiction. After all, reading forms visual memory and lays the foundations of grammar at a subconscious level.