How to accustom yourself to proper nutrition and what is actually right? How to accustom yourself to reading books and choose the right topic? What is Elementaree
Instruction
A house that looks like a dump does not characterize from the outside, and certainly does not contribute good mood. It may seem to some that it is difficult to always keep your home clean and take care of yourself. At first it may be so, but later it is much more difficult to deal with endless rubbish, spending your strength and nerves on it. But, fortunately, it is never too late to fix it. But do not rush. It is necessary to solve the problem of one's own uncleanliness gradually, bringing it to the root. No wonder there is: "What is the house - such is the owner." Cleanliness in the house comes from the owner, so putting your home in order is, first of all, putting yourself in order.
Unwashed hands before and after eating, walking around the house in street shoes, clothes thrown around and other harmful features require attention. They must be stopped immediately, until they disappear completely. In parallel with this, it is useful to cultivate good habits that will help maintain order within the home. Enough schedule of tasks for the day. For example, sweep the floors, shake out the blankets on the balcony, dust the furniture. Simple, in general, procedures, the list of which is updated every week / month. Gradually, their implementation turns into a natural process.
You also need to pay attention to how you look. Personal hygiene is second to none. A person who does not know how to keep his own body clean will not be able to keep his home in a well-groomed form. Teeth should be brushed twice a day (or more). A visit to the bath for the sake of a thorough wash should be done at least once every three days (if it is not a hot summer in the yard).
Wardrobe, of course, the thing that must be taken seriously. Much depends on his condition. appearance owner. Of course, the mess in the wardrobe cannot be noticed without opening it, but this happens quite often. Rummaging through a multicolored ball of clothing in an unsuccessful attempt to find the right T-shirt or pants is unlikely to give anyone pleasure. Convenient and pleasant arrangement of the wardrobe involves sorting clothes on the shelves. Each shelf has a certain type of clothing. First of all, outer clothing should be stored separately from the lower one, only then it can be separated and laid out in sections: light in one, warm in another, etc. Hangers are obligatory, without them, trousers, shirts and jackets will always be wrinkled, which means they will require ironing whenever they are needed.
How to discipline yourself and learn how to use it wisely, and even save your time in order to do much more than now? Self-control is a very important quality. When we were children, our moms and dads supported us, waking us up in the morning and helping us get dressed for kindergarten or preparing a school bag, and also reminded us that it was time to cut our hair, vacuum or return a book borrowed from the library.
As adults, we transfer part of the tasks to technical devices: we set an alarm for a call, we make reminders on our phones. But such devices do not help us in maintaining cleanliness or order in the house, workplace or business. No one will do it for us, and sooner or later we will have to discipline yourself. The sooner this happens, the more successful things will be. In addition, it is always pleasant to realize that everything is correct in the surrounding space and in thoughts.
The value of self-discipline
How to accustom yourself to order so that endless things do not take up all your time? self-discipline is the ability to force yourself to take action regardless of your emotional state. If you are self-organized and can follow the accepted routine for a very long time, then this indicates that you have strong character and great willpower in controlling your own actions, overcoming yourself in order to do something that you don’t want to do. If you are self-disciplined, then you always have order in your affairs. But still, it is not so easy to self-organize yourself, especially out of habit. Let's soberly assess the situation, because the easiest way is to accustom yourself to order in household chores and gradually begin to apply it in other areas of life.Many people make the mistake of thinking that maintaining order- it's boring. But in fact, the habit of order leads to success in any endeavor, both in professional affairs (order in documentation, in the workplace, in the office), and in household use (order in personal things). It is very important for householders to get accustomed to order (in order to maintain cleanliness and comfort), for students (so that abstracts are submitted on time, lectures are attended without delay, and notes are never lost). But to acquire such a useful and necessary skill, check if you match its components. Orderliness means:
Intention, but not only aspiration and desire, but also a goal;
willpower to achieve a goal despite reluctance;
motivation is an argument that will help overcome difficulties;
planning, the ability to determine in advance the course of action;
habits, developing useful skills needed on the way to the goal.
These qualities are irreplaceable in the general order of things. Therefore, if you could not accustom yourself to order, you do not have any of the above parameters. To get accustomed to order, you need to purchase one of the above parameters.
How to organize yourself?
So, you've decided to get rid of the clutter forever. If such a thought came to your mind, you must definitely give it life. On the wave of inspiration, it will not be difficult to do this. In this case, you deserve congratulations, and wishes not to deviate from the intended goal. Many people have to make an effort in order to realize their best and right intentions related to the acquisition of new habits. In order not to complicate yourself, there are little secrets. Below are helpful tips how to discipline yourself:1. First, make a list of things to do. So you can see and realistically assess the amount of work required. Perhaps it is not as big as it seemed to you before ordering on paper. Having a list at hand, you will mark the completed tasks and see what remains to be done so that you can relax with a “pure heart”.
2. But even if despite a clear plan, you cannot overcome laziness and do business for a long time, take at least a little time. For example, 20 minutes per hour will be enough. Such a short period of time will not make you strain either physically or mentally. Such a small effort will definitely bring results.
3. Do urgent items first. Write down and number things according to their importance. This will streamline both thoughts and plans. For clarity, on an autumn day you cannot go outside without a jacket, so the first task is to sew a button on it. But washing towels can be postponed until tomorrow.
4. In different days week, do all sorts of things. Such planning will help you tune in to the desired “wave”, while not being distracted by extraneous things. For example, so that the house is always in order, on Monday we wipe the dust, on Tuesday we wash the floors, on Wednesday we vacuum, on Thursday we wash the windows, on Friday we wash clothes, on Saturday we iron the washed things, on Sunday we arrange rest for yourself.
5. Following what was printed earlier, never mix things up. Without systematics, they will seem more complex and "terrible." You end up not doing half of what you could with a well-defined plan. And understanding this confusion and trying to catch up as much as possible, you will get even more tired, and the next day you will come to your senses, instead of resting and gaining strength to start new things.
6. All people are different, and for someone it is more suitable to spend one day a week on everything. If these are household chores, to maintain order in the house, get down to business in the morning. To accustom yourself to order, go to the intended goal until you achieve the result. And the well-deserved prize for you will be that the work done will not be in vain and for a whole week you can forget about your unloved occupation.
7. Try to follow the logic "from the contrary." Imagine if you kept postponing things for later, how difficult it would be to sort out such a blockage of unfinished business. Time passes quickly, and the more you put off, the bigger and more complex the cases that you will have to deal with. The lists of missed cases are getting longer, clothes not laid out in time take up all the chairs and chairs in the house, untidy stacks of documents form blockages up to the ceiling. Therefore, do not put off things in a “long box” so that later unfinished business does not completely fill you up.
8. Determine the motivation and accustom yourself to order will become easier. Motivation can be both positive and negative. For example, to force yourself to get down to business, invite guests once a week: a friend, mother, mother-in-law / mother-in-law. And so that the guests do not stumble and your things and you do not pass for a slob, if you want - you don’t want to, but you have to maintain order. And if guests regularly visit you, gradually, thanks to them, you will accustom yourself to order.
9. Psychological research confirms that you can develop a new habit in 21 days. In other words, if for three weeks you act, despite your reluctance, as planned, then at the end of this time you will bring your actions to automatism and ease of their execution. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to get accustomed to order in 21 days, and on day 22 you will automatically maintain order.
10. You don’t need to learn to order- if the disorder is not present in your lifestyle. After all, everyone knows that they don’t litter anywhere. It's clean there. In the end, to accustom yourself to order, just do not create a mess around you, even in small things. Take care of yourself and do not allow yourself even small tricks: when you come home, hang your jacket on a coat hanger, always put the remote control from the TV in one place, after drinking coffee, wash the cup until the remnants have dried at the bottom.
We live in a society and we are all different, from the level of thinking to the type of temperament. Our environment greatly influences the style of behavior, the way we think, and how we feel about order. Of course, this does not mean that you have to say goodbye to slobs, if you have had them as friends for many years. It is necessary to bring into our environment such people, looking at whom we will act positively. Among them there may be interesting personalities who have achieved success due to self-organization.
Get used to order motivating films, feature and documentaries, as well as relevant books will help you. Applied literature such as "Teaching Dummies to Order" acts very weakly, while fiction, with examples that inspire various changes, is much stronger. But until such a desire is formed in you, all actions will be in vain. Therefore, in order to have order in your life - make the right decision! After all, you can accustom yourself to order only when you yourself want it.
Often chaos in the house can cause a bad mood and be a source of stress. The article will reveal 7 secrets that will help organize the space and equip the house in such a way that it is comfortable to live in it.
And yet, how to accustom yourself to discipline?
We swore to ourselves many times that we would become a purposeful, organized, collected person in order to do work productively and live in joy. And indeed, for several days you behave in this way. However, after this time, you suddenly accidentally lose your phone or keys, accidentally defend your documents in a puddle, or forget important events. The state is familiar when the desktop turns into a pile of paper and it seems that this pile will soon collapse. And at the same time, along this “Leaning Tower of Pisa”, you can also find yourself with your hopes and aspirations to become a more collected person.
When the chaos around you becomes the norm for you, it begins to seem that you are losing control over situations and your thoughts. Gradually, you lose trite and self-confidence. Or even worse, doubts creep in that you can never make your life more rational.
In addition, the state of stress gradually increases, which unsettles. And disorganization is already turning into a way of life and becomes a trifle. And this begins to affect your well-being, and therefore you have to pay a lot of attention to eliminate situations that arise urgently in connection with the disorder. Disorganization prevails, and important events are postponed until later. And when you finally decide to work out at a fitness club near your home… be sure to miss the time when you could get a subscription at a significant discount. Or you promise yourself that you will continue to work out all the exercises to maintain shape, but instead you overeat in the evening or try to make out the space from things for classes.
However, there is consolation in the fact that not so much is needed to organize your life, and this is not at all some kind of talent or gift from above.
Let's take a test to find out how mess rules the "ball" in your life? Yes/no answers.
- At least once a week you try to find your keys;
- During cleaning, you try to put things back in place, but you are looking for a long time where it will be more convenient to store them;
- You always need a couple of minutes to find the right thing in a pile of papers or folders;
- You rarely pay bills on time or simply forget about them;
- You can not make a choice: disorganization emphasizes your qualities of a creative nature, and you feel the need to apologize to the guests for the mess in your apartment.
If you gave more than 3 “yes” answers, then you urgently need to do something about it and try to organize the space optimally, and our recommendations will help with this.
How to train yourself to order?
1. Put things in order
First, it is better to proceed to the place where you rarely go. For example, it can be a pantry, garage, balcony or cellar. But this step will deprive you of the opportunity to enjoy your results of such a titanic work. And there is a feeling that their time wasted in vain. In the living room, for example, your bedroom, chaos still reigns, but it is there that you are more often and the chaos still bothers and bothers you. If you put things in order in your office, tidied up your bed or put things in the closet, then it immediately becomes easier to breathe, because foreign objects do not interfere with work and rest.
2. We do not expect weather from the sea
No need to literally throw your chest into the embrasure, because people often make the most common mistake - they begin to endure to the last. After that, without thinking, they hurriedly try to clean it up. If such a state has come, then its symptoms may be a thoughtless purchase of every little thing. For example, shelves, organizers or hangers. And this is accompanied by a desire - to throw everything in the trash, and without much hesitation. But you should do otherwise: first you need to determine what exactly you need to throw away and what to leave.
3. Learn like children
Little peanuts since kindergarten taught to order. They just know where to get toys and where they need to be put later. Therefore, you should organize your space according to a similar principle: divide the room into a working and recreation area. Moreover, it is better to create a certain environment so that everything is conveniently laid out and adapt each of the zones to the occupation.
4. Planning
Let's make a schedule where you need to include serious and not very pleasant things that need to be done. We mark two days on the calendar when you can devote your time to paying bills, cleaning and other activities. It is unlikely that you will always want to do this with enthusiasm and mood, but planning can overcome the feeling that these things take a lot of time.
5. One approach - one room
If it is difficult for you to clean everything at once, then it is better to clean only 1 room at a time. First, remove or shift things that are out of place. This will help to get rid of the state of clutter in the room and it will be easier to find something if necessary.
Then think about what the next step will be tomorrow - cleaning the kitchen or another room.
6. Clean up and enjoy
Turn on your favorite music - this will set the general mood and create a pleasant background for cleaning. If your work or some business is related to documentation, you can choose boxes or coasters that match in color to harmonize with the overall style of the room.
7. Keep the apartment clean
When once you have put things in order in your home, then try to continue to maintain it. If things began to accumulate, it is better to immediately put them in their places, because cleaning is much more difficult than creating a mess. And do not forget to praise yourself whenever you manage to become an organized, collected and purposeful person.
The first commandment given by God to mankind is about fasting. It was necessary for us in paradise, before the fall, and it became all the more necessary after the expulsion from paradise. We must fast, fulfilling God's commandment.
The book of the prophet Joel says: But even now the Lord says: Turn to Me with all your heart in fasting, weeping and weeping ... make a fast(Joel 2:12-15).
God commands here that sinful people fast if they want to receive His mercy. In the book of Tobit, the angel Raphael says to Tobias: A good deed is prayer with fasting and almsgiving and justice ... It is better to do alms than to collect gold(Tov. 12, 8).
In the book of Judith it is written that Joachim, the great priest of the Lord, went around all the people of Israel and said that the Lord would hear their prayers if they continued in fasting and in prayers.
The book of the holy prophet Jonah tells that the king of Nineveh, having heard the prophecy of Jonino about the death of the city, put on sackcloth and forbade the whole city to eat, so that not only people would fast, but even cattle would not be given food for three days.
King David mentions in the psalms how he himself fasted: dressed in sackcloth, fasted my soul(Ps. 34, 13); and in another psalm: My knees are tired from fasting(Ps. 108:24). This is how the king fasted so that God would be merciful to him!
The Savior himself fasted for forty days and forty nights, leaving us an example, that we may follow in His footsteps(1 Pet. 2:21), so that we, according to our strength, keep fasting on the Holy Forty Day.
It is written in the Gospel of Matthew that Christ, having cast out a demon from a young man, said to the apostles: this kind is driven out only by prayer and fasting(Matthew 17:21).
The holy apostles also fasted, as it is said in Acts: As they were serving the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, Separate Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them. Then they, having fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, let them go.(Acts 13:2-3).
The Holy Apostle Paul in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, exhorting the faithful to show themselves to everyone as servants of God, among other charitable deeds, also mentions fasting: in vigils, in fasting(2 Cor. 6, 5), and then, remembering his exploits, he says: in labor and exhaustion, often in vigil, in hunger and thirst, often in fasting(2 Cor. 11:27).
“It is necessary for a Christian to fast in order,” writes the holy righteous John of Kronstadt, “in order to clarify the mind and excite and develop feelings, and move the will to good activity. We overshadow and suppress these three abilities of a person most of all gluttony and drunkenness and worldly cares(Luke 21:34), and through that we fall away from the Source of life - God and fall into corruption and vanity, perverting and defiling the image of God in ourselves. Excitement and voluptuousness nail us to the ground and cut off, so to speak, the soul's wings. And look how high the flight of all fasters and abstinences was! They, like eagles, soared in the sky; they, the earthly, lived with their minds and hearts in heaven and heard inexpressible words there, and there they learned Divine wisdom. And how a man humiliates himself by gluttony, overeating and drunkenness! He perverts his nature, created in the image of God, and becomes like dumb cattle, and even becomes worse than him. Oh, woe to us from our addictions, from our lawless habits! They prevent us from loving God and our neighbors and keeping the commandments of God; they root in us criminal carnal selfishness, the end of which is eternal perdition. It is necessary for a Christian to fast, because with the incarnation of the Son of God, human nature is inspired, deified, and we hasten to the Heavenly Kingdom, which not food and drink, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit(Rom. 14:17); Food for the belly, and the belly for food; but God will destroy both(1 Cor. 6:13). Eating and drinking, that is, having a passion for sensual pleasures, is peculiar only to paganism, which, not knowing the spiritual, heavenly pleasures, provides all life in the pleasure of the womb, in many eating and drinking. That is why the Lord often denounces this pernicious passion in the Gospel... Whoever rejects fasting forgets why the first people fell into sin (from intemperance) and what weapon the Savior showed us against sin and the tempter when he was tempted in the wilderness (fasting for forty days and nights) , he does not know or does not want to know that a person falls away from God precisely through intemperance, as it was with the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah and with Noah's contemporaries - for all sin in people comes from intemperance; whoever rejects fasting takes away from himself and others weapons against his many-passionate flesh and against the devil, who are strong against us especially through our intemperance, he is not a warrior of Christ, for he throws down his weapon and voluntarily surrenders himself into captivity to his voluptuary and sin-loving flesh; he, finally, is blind and does not see the relationship between the causes and consequences of deeds.
Thus, fasting serves as a necessary means for us to our sanctification and union with God, a means to a living participation in the life, suffering, death and glory of the God-man and His saints.
For a long time, Christians have voluntarily deprived themselves of conveniences, pleasures, and comforts of life, contrasting this with fasting, prostrations, prayerful vigils, standing, walking around holy places, pilgrimages to shrines. This has always been considered the best and living evidence of our Orthodox faith.
Some people think that given the current plight in Russia, when salaries are not paid for months, when many people do not have money even for the cheapest products, fasting is not a topic for conversation. Let us recall the words of the Optina Elders:
"If they don't want to fast voluntarily, they will fast involuntarily..."
How to fast for children, the sick and the elderly
Our book contains the rules of strict fasting specified in the Church Charter. But fasting is not a straitjacket. Elderly, sick people, children (up to 14 years old), as well as pregnant women are exempt from strict fasting. However, you should consult with the priest about measures of relief.
The rules of fasting from ancient times have a binding effect mainly on healthy members of the Church. Children, the sick, and the elderly, who cannot keep a perfect fast according to the Rule, are not deprived of the motherly mercy of the Church, which acts in the loving spirit of its Master and Lord. So, the Charter of the Church on keeping the fast in the first week of Lent says: “On Monday, do not eat, and also on Tuesday. Those who are able, let them fast until the heel. Tuesday. And the old ones create a likeness.
In Canon 69, St. The apostles on the preservation of the Fortecost in general, it was decided: "Whoever does not fast for forty days, let him erupt, unless due to illness: the weak are forgiven to eat according to their strength to eat oil and wine."
“Regarding fasting when there is no health,” writes St. Theophan the Recluse, “the patience of illness and complacency during it replace fasting. Therefore, if you please, eat the food that is required by the nature of the treatment, although it is not fasting.”
The Church Fathers advise to reward the weakening of the fast with inner feelings of contrition and desire for the Lord.
How to spend posting time
The saints were in unceasing feats of fasting and prayer, they constantly stood in spiritual guard behind themselves. But we, its weak members, the Church only temporarily puts on this watch.
Just as a warrior, when he is on duty, does not eat or drink, vigilantly observing his fast, so we, on the days of fasting appointed by the Church, must refuse excesses in food, drink and in general the pleasures of the flesh, vigilantly watching ourselves, guarding and cleansing yourself from sin.
The Church Charter clearly depicts both the time of consumption and the quality of Lenten food. Everything is strictly calculated, with the aim of weakening in us the passionate movements of the flesh, excited by the abundant and sweet nourishment of the body; but in such a way as not to completely relax our bodily nature, but, on the contrary, to make it light, strong and capable of obeying the movements of the spirit and cheerfully fulfilling its requirements. The time for daily eating on fast days, according to ancient custom, is appointed later than usual, mostly in the evening.
The Charter of the Church teaches what should be abstained from during fasts: “All those who fast piously must strictly observe the rules on the quality of food, that is, abstain in fasting from certain brushes [that is, food, food], not as bad (let it not be) but as from indecent fasting and prohibited by the Church. Brasna, from which one must abstain during fasting, are: meat, cheese, butter, milk, eggs, and sometimes fish, depending on the difference of holy fasts.
There are five levels of fasting severity:
Complete abstinence from food;
Xerophagy;
Hot food without oil;
Hot food with oil (vegetable);
Eating fish.
On the day of eating fish, hot food with vegetable oil is also allowed. In Orthodox calendars, vegetable oil is usually called oil. To observe a stricter degree of fasting on certain days than is determined, you need to take a blessing from the priest.
True fasting is not a goal, but a means - to humble your flesh and cleanse yourself from sins. A bodily fast without a spiritual fast brings nothing for the salvation of the soul. Without prayer and repentance, without refraining from passions and vices, eradicating evil deeds, forgiving insults, refraining from married life, excluding entertainment and entertainment events, watching TV, fasting becomes just a diet.
"Fasting, brethren, bodily, let us fast also spiritually, let us resolve every union of unrighteousness," commanded the Holy Church.
“During bodily fasting,” writes St. Basil the Great, “the womb fasts from food and drink; during mental fasting, the soul refrains from evil thoughts, deeds, and words. , foul language, idle talk, slander, condemnation, flattery, lies and all kinds of slander. In a word, a real faster is one who moves away from all evil ... ".
“Bodily fasting alone cannot be sufficient for the perfection of the heart and purity of the body, if spiritual fasting is not combined with it,” writes St. John Cassian the Roman. “For the soul also has its own harmful food. " falls into voluptuousness. Backbiting is a harmful food for the soul, and, moreover, pleasant. Anger is also its food, although not at all easy, for it often feeds it with unpleasant and poisonous food. Envy is the food of the soul, which corrupts it with poisonous juices, torments it, poor Vanity is her food, which delights the soul for a while, then empties it, deprives it of all virtue, leaves it barren, so that it not only destroys merit, but also brings great punishment. filling it with harmful juices, and then leaving it without the heavenly Bread... So, abstaining from these passions during fasting as far as we have the strength, we will have a useful bodily fast. of the flesh, combined with the contrition of the spirit, will constitute a pleasing sacrifice to God and a worthy abode of holiness in the intimacy of a pure, well-decorated spirit. But if (hypocritically) fasting only bodily, we will be entangled with the fatal vices of the soul, then the weariness of the flesh will not do us any good in defiling the most precious part, that is, the soul, which could be the dwelling place of the Holy Spirit. For it is not so much the flesh as the pure heart that is the temple of God and the habitation of the Holy Spirit. Therefore, while fasting on the outward person, at the same time one must abstain from harmful food and on the inside, whom the holy apostle especially urges to keep pure for God, in order to be worthy to receive the Guest - Christ.
The essence of fasting is expressed in the following church hymn: “Fasting from brashen, my soul, and not being cleansed of passions, we console ourselves in vain by non-eating: for if fasting does not bring you correction, then you will be hated by God as false, and become like evil demons, never eating."
“The law of fasting is like this,” writes St. Theophan the Recluse, “to abide in God with mind and heart with renunciation of everything, cutting off every pleasing to oneself, not only in the bodily, but also in the spiritual, doing everything for the glory of God and the good of others, carrying willingly and with love labors and fasting deprivations, in food, sleep, rest, in the comforts of mutual communication.
What posts are established by the Church
Some of the Orthodox fasts are constantly on the same months and dates, others are on different dates, so Orthodox fasts are divided into transient and non-transient. Posts can also be multi-day and one-day.
The multi-day fasts corresponding to the four seasons and instituted by the Church before great feasts call us four times a year to spiritual renewal for the glory of God, just as nature itself is renewed four times a year for the glory of God. Fasting spiritually prepares us for participation in the holy joy of the coming holidays.
The Church has established two multi-day transitory fasts - Great and Petrov, the date of which is set depending on the date of the Holy Resurrection (Easter), and two multi-day imperishable - Assumption (or Mother of God) - from August 1 to 14 (according to the old style) - and Christmas (or Philippov ) post - from November 15 to December 24 (old style).
One-day fasts established by the Church - fasting on the day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross - September 14 (old style), fasting on the day of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist - August 29 (old style), fasting on the eve of the Theophany of the Lord - January 5 (old style) style).
In addition, the fast of Wednesday and Friday is kept throughout the year.
How to fast on Wednesday and Friday
The fast kept by the Orthodox Church on Wednesday is established in remembrance of the betrayal of our Lord Jesus Christ by Judas to suffering and death, and on Friday - in remembrance of His very suffering and death.
Saint Athanasius the Great said:
"By allowing me to eat on Wednesday and Friday, this man crucifies the Lord." “Those who do not fast on Wednesday and Friday sin a lot,” said St. Seraphim of Sarov.
Fasting on Wednesday and Friday is just as important in Orthodox Church like the other posts. It strictly enjoins us to observe these fasting days and condemns those who arbitrarily violate it. According to the 69th Apostolic Canon, "if anyone is a bishop, or a presbyter, or a deacon, or a subdeacon, or a reader, or a singer, does not fast on the Holy Fortecost before Easter, or on Wednesday, or on the heels, except for an obstacle from bodily weakness: let him be deposed And if he is a layman, let him be excommunicated."
But although the fast of Wednesday and Friday is compared with the fast of Forty, it is less strict than Great Lent. Most of the days of Wednesday and Friday of the year (if they do not fall on the days of large fasts), boiled vegetable food with oil is allowed.
In the summer and autumn meat-eaters (periods between the Petrov and Assumption fasts and between the Assumption and Rozhdestvensky fasts), Wednesday and Friday are days of strict fasting. In winter and spring meat-eaters (from Christmas to Great Lent and from Easter to Trinity), the Charter allows fish on Wednesday and Friday. Fish is allowed on Wednesday and Friday, and when the feasts of the Meeting of the Lord, the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Nativity of the Virgin, the Entrance of the Virgin into the Temple, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Nativity of John the Baptist, the Apostles Peter and Paul, the Apostle John the Theologian. If the holidays of the Nativity of Christ and the Baptism of the Lord fall on Wednesday and Friday, then fasting on these days is canceled. On the eve (eve, Christmas Eve) of the Nativity of Christ (usually the day of strict fasting), which happened on Saturday or Sunday, vegetable food with vegetable oil is allowed.
Continuous weeks (a week is a week - the days from Monday to Sunday) mean the absence of fasting on Wednesday and Friday.
The following are established by the Church as an indulgence before a multi-day fast or as a rest after it: continuous weeks:
2. Publican and Pharisee - two weeks before Lent.
3. Cheese (Shrovetide) - a week before Lent (allowed the whole week of eggs, fish and dairy, but without meat).
4. Easter (Bright) - a week after Easter.
5. Trinity - a week after the Trinity (week before Peter's fast).
How to fast on the eve of the Theophany of the Lord
This one-day fast is called the same as the eve of the feast of the Nativity of Christ - Christmas Eve, or nomad. The pious expectation of consecrated water prompts the keeping of the fast on the eve of Theophany, before drinking which Orthodox Christians, acting according to the ancient sacred tradition and the Charter of the Church that approved this tradition, do not eat food, “until they are sanctified by the drenching of water and communion, that is, by drinking.”
On Christmas Eve, on the eve of the feast of Epiphany, when it is necessary to fast before drinking holy water, a meal is prescribed, as on Christmas Eve, once, after the Divine Liturgy. At the meal, the rule of the Church is to eat with oil. "Cheese, and those like it, and fish, we will not dare to eat."
According to the Church Charter, on Christmas Eve - Christmas and Epiphany - Orthodox Christians are prescribed to eat juicy - a mixture of grains of wheat, poppy seeds, walnut kernels, honey.
How to spend carnival days
The last week of preparation for the Holy Forty Day is called cheese, and in common parlance - Shrovetide. This week, meat products are no longer consumed, but dairy, cheese foods are prescribed. Preparing us for the feat of Great Lent, condescending to our weakness and flesh, the Church established a week of cheese, “so that we, led from meat and overeating to strict abstinence, do not grieve, but little by little stepping back from pleasant dishes, take the reins of fasting.”
On Wednesday and Friday of Cheese Week, the Church prescribes fasting until the evening, as in Great Lent, although in the evening you can eat the same food as on other days of Shrovetide.
How to fast in Great Lent
Lent begins seven weeks before the feast of Holy Pascha and consists of Lent and Holy Week proper. Fortecost was established in remembrance of the life of the Lord Jesus Christ on earth and in honor of the Savior Himself's forty-day fasting feat in the wilderness, and Passion Week is dedicated to the remembrance last days earthly life, suffering, death and burial of Jesus Christ.
The Orthodox Church, prescribing that the entire Great Lent should be kept, from ancient times established that the first and Passion Weeks be celebrated with special rigor.
On the first two days of the first week, highest degree fasting - these days, complete abstinence from food is prescribed.
On the rest of the days of Lent, except for Saturdays and Sundays, the Church established the second degree of abstinence - vegetable food is taken once, without oil, in the evening. On Saturdays and Sundays, the third degree of fasting is allowed, that is, the use of cooked vegetable food, with oil, and twice a day.
The last, easiest degree of abstinence, that is, eating fish, is allowed only on the feast of the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos (if it does not fall on Passion Week) and on the day of Palm Sunday. Fish caviar is allowed on Lazarus Saturday.
On Holy Week, fasting of the second degree is prescribed - dry eating, and on Friday and Saturday - complete abstinence from food.
So, fasting on Holy Forty Day, according to the rules of the Church, consists in abstaining not only from meat and dairy products, but even from fish and vegetable oil; consists in dry eating (that is, without oil), and during the first week - the first two days are prescribed to be carried out without food at all. The Fathers of the Church severely denounced those who ate food, albeit lenten, but refined during fasting. “There are such guardians of the Fortecost,” says blessed Augustine, “who spend it more whimsically than piously. They seek new pleasures more than curb old flesh. With a rich and expensive selection of different fruits, they want to surpass the variety of the most delicious table. Vessels, in whose meat was cooked, they are afraid, and not afraid of the lust of the womb and their larynx.
How to fast on Petrov Post
Peter's fast was established in honor of the holy apostles and in remembrance of the fact that the holy apostles, after the descent of the Holy Spirit upon them, dispersed from Jerusalem to all countries, always being in the feat of fasting and prayer.
The Petrov fast is less strict than the Lent of Fortecost. During Peter's Lent, the Charter of the Church prescribes three days a week - on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays - of dryness (that is, to take vegetable food without oil) at the ninth hour after Vespers.
On the rest of the days - Tuesday, Thursday - vegetable food with oil is blessed. On Saturdays, Sundays, as well as on the days of the memory of the great saint or on the days of the temple feast, performed during this fast, fish is allowed.
How to fast on Dormition Fast
The Dormition Fast was established in honor of the Most Holy Theotokos. The Mother of God, preparing to depart into eternal life, constantly fasted and prayed. So it is for us, the weak and infirm (spiritually and physically), the more we should resort to fasting, turning to the Blessed Virgin for help in every need and prayer.
The Dormition Fast is not as strict as the Great Fast, but it is more strict than Petrov and the Nativity Fasts.
On Monday, Wednesday and Friday of the Dormition Fast, the Charter of the Church prescribes to eat dry food, on Tuesday and Thursday - you can eat boiled vegetables, but without oil; oil is allowed on Saturdays and Sundays.
Few people know that until the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, when grapes and apples are consecrated in churches, the Church obliges us to abstain from these fruits until they are blessed. According to a legend from St. father, "but if someone from the brethren to tear down a bunch before the holiday, then let him accept the prohibition for disobedience and not eat the bunch during the whole month of August." After these holidays, grapes, apples and other fruits of the new harvest are present at the meal, and especially on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
On the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, according to the Church Charter, fish is allowed at the meal.
How to fast on the day of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist
Reverent for fasting, the suffering and death of the Lord and His saints, the Church instituted a one-day fast on the day of the Beheading of John the Forerunner and the Baptist of the Lord, a great faster who ate locusts and wild honey in the desert.
In the Charter of the Church it is written that "on that day it is worthy for us to complain about a dull life, and not to have gluttony." Fasting on the day of the Beheading of John the Baptist should consist, according to the Charter of the Church, in abstinence not only from meat and dairy food, but from fish, and, therefore, consist "in a meal of oil, vegetables, or whatever God grants from them."
How to fast on the day of the Exaltation of the Cross of the Lord
The life-giving Cross of the Lord reminds us of the voluntary, saving suffering for us and the death of our Lord Jesus Christ. On this day, the Church, transferring our thoughts to the sad event on Golgotha, inspiring us to actively participate in the suffering and death of the Lord and Savior crucified for us, established a one-day fast that disposes us to repentance and testifies to our living participation in the suffering and death of the Lord.
At the meal on the day of the Exaltation of the Life-Giving Cross of the Lord, it is supposed to eat vegetables and vegetable oil. “We will not dare to touch cheese, eggs, or fish,” says the Church Rule.
How to fast on Advent
The Advent fast was established so that by the day of the Nativity of Christ we have cleansed ourselves by repentance, prayer and fasting, so that with a pure heart, soul and body we can reverently meet the Son of God who has appeared in the world, and so that, in addition to the usual gifts and sacrifices, we offer Him our pure heart and desire follow His teachings.
The rules of abstinence prescribed by the Church for the Nativity Fast are just as strict as for Peter's Fast. It is clear that meat, butter, milk, eggs, and cheese are prohibited during fasting. In addition, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of the Nativity Fast, fish, wine, and oil are forbidden by the charter, and it is allowed to eat food without oil (dry eating) only after Vespers. On the other days - Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday - it is allowed to eat food with vegetable oil. Fish during the Nativity Fast is allowed on Saturdays and Sundays and great holidays, for example, on the feast of the Entry into the Temple of the Most Holy Theotokos, on temple holidays and on the days of great saints, if these days fall on Tuesday or Thursday. If the holidays fall on Wednesday or Friday, then fasting is allowed only for wine and oil. From December 20 to December 24 (old style), fasting is intensified, and these days, even on Saturday and Sunday, the fish is not blessed. This is especially important to remember, because with the introduction of the new calendar, it is on these days of strict fasting that the celebration of the civil New Year now falls.
The last day of the Nativity Fast is called Christmas Eve, because according to the Charter, it is supposed to eat juicy on this day. There is a sochivo taken, apparently in imitation of the fast of Daniel and the three youths, remembered before the feast of the Nativity of Christ, who ate from the seeds of the earth, so as not to be defiled from a pagan meal (Dan. 1, 8), - and in accordance with the words of the Gospel, pronounced sometimes in holiday eve: The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his field, which, although smaller than all seeds, but when it grows, is larger than all cereals and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and take refuge in its branches.(Matthew 13:31-36).
On Christmas Eve, Orthodox Christians maintain the pious custom of not eating anything until the first evening star, reminiscent of the appearance of a star in the east, announcing the birth of Jesus Christ.
How they used to fast in Orthodox Russia
Recipes for many lenten dishes have come to us since the time of the Baptism of Russia. Some of the dishes are of Byzantine, Greek origin, but now it is impossible to recognize Greek origin in these traditional Lenten dishes.
AT Ancient Russia didn't write down recipes, didn't cookbooks recipes were passed down from mother to daughter, from house to house, from generation to generation.
There were almost no changes in recipes and cooking technology, and on the fast days of the sixteenth century or even the end of the nineteenth century, they ate almost the same dishes that had been prepared since the time of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir. Only new vegetables were added: until the end of the seventeenth century, other vegetables were not known in Russia, except for cabbage, garlic, onions, cucumbers, radishes, and beets. The dishes were simple and not varied, although the Russian tables were distinguished by a huge number of dishes. But these dishes were similar in almost everything to each other, differing only in a small way - what greens they sprinkled, what oil they seasoned.
Shchi, fish soup, brine were very common.
Hot soups were served with pies stuffed with porridge.
Pies were made spun, that is, fried in oil, and hearth, baked.
On fast non-fish days, pies were baked with mushrooms, poppy seeds, peas, juice, turnips, mushrooms, cabbage, raisins, and various berries.
On fast fish days, pies were baked with all kinds of fish, especially with whitefish, smelt, lodoga, with fish milk alone or with screech, in hemp, poppy or walnut oil; finely chopped fish was mixed with porridge or Saracen millet, which we now call rice.
They also made pancakes, pancakes, brushwood, jelly in fasting.
Fritters were made from wholemeal flour, with nut butter and served with molasses, sugar or honey. Huge fritters were called command fritters, because they were brought to commanding people at a wake.
Pancakes were made red and white: the first from buckwheat, the second from wheat flour.
Pancakes were not carnival accessories, as they are now; Shrovetide symbols were cheese pies and brushwood - elongated dough with butter.
They ate oatmeal or buckwheat porridge, millet porridge was rare.
Sturgeon and whitefish caviar was a luxury; but the pressed, baggy, Armenian - irritating properties and crumpled, the lowest grade, was available to the poorest.
Caviar was seasoned with vinegar, pepper and crushed onions.
In addition to raw caviar, they used caviar boiled in vinegar or poppy milk, and spun: Russians made caviar, or caviar pancakes, for fasting, they beat the caviar for a long time, added grainy flour, then the dough was steamed.
In those fasting days, when it was considered a sin to eat fish, they ate sour and boiled fresh cabbage, beets with vegetable oil and vinegar, pea pies with vegetable filling, buckwheat and oatmeal porridge with vegetable oil, onions, oatmeal kissel, levashniks, pancakes with honey, loaves with mushrooms and millet, boiled and fried mushrooms, various dishes from peas: broken peas, grated peas, strained peas, pea cheese, that is, hard-beaten crushed peas with vegetable oil, noodles from pea flour, cottage cheese from poppy milk, hell, radish.
They liked to add spicy seasonings to all dishes, and especially onions, garlic and saffron.
On the Wednesday of the first week of Great Lent in 1667, dishes were prepared for His Holiness the Patriarch of Moscow: “Cheet bread, paposhnik, sweet broth with millet and berries, pepper and saffron, horseradish, toast, cold stomped cabbage, cold peas zobanets, cranberry jelly with honey, grated porridge with poppy juice".
On Lenten days, in the high-society houses of Moscow or St. Petersburg, the same boiled cabbage was served, poured with vegetable oil; they ate sour mushroom cabbage soup, as in any of the cities and houses of the Russian Empire.
During fasts in all restaurants, taverns, even the best establishments on Nevsky Prospekt, the choice of dishes was no different from those that were eaten in monasteries. In one of the best taverns in St. Petersburg, "Stroganov", during Lent, of course, there was not only meat, but even fish, and visitors were offered mushrooms heated with onions, shaky cabbage with mushrooms, mushrooms in dough, mushroom dumplings, cold mushrooms under horseradish, milk mushrooms with butter, heated with juice. In addition to mushrooms, the lunch card included crushed, beaten, filtered peas, berry, oatmeal, pea kissels, with molasses, full and almond milk. These days they drank tea with raisins and honey, boiled sbiten.
Over the centuries, the Russian Lenten table has not changed much. Here is how Ivan Shmelev describes the first days of Great Lent at the beginning of the twentieth century in his novel "The Summer of the Lord":
"They will cook compote, make potato cutlets with prunes and sear, peas, poppy seed bread with beautiful curls of sugar poppy seeds, pink bagels, "crosses" on the Cross... frozen cranberries with sugar, jellied nuts, candied almonds, soaked peas, bagels and saiki, jug raisins, rowan marshmallow, lean sugar - lemon, raspberry, with oranges inside, halva... And fried buckwheat porridge with onions, drink kvass! and kutia with marmalade on the first Saturday, some kind of “kolivo”! And almond milk with white jelly, and cranberry jelly with vanilla, and ... a great kulebyaka for the Annunciation, with a screech, with sturgeon! pieces of blue caviar, with pickled cucumbers ... and pickled apples on Sundays, and melted, sweet-sweet "ryazan" ... and "sinners", with hemp oil, with a crispy crust, with a warm emptiness inside! .. ".
Of course, not all of these dishes can be cooked in our time. But some can easily be prepared in our kitchen, from available products.
The best recipes of the old Russian cuisine of the post
mushroom caviarThis caviar is prepared from dried or salted mushrooms, as well as from their mixture.
Wash and cook dried mushrooms until tender, cool, chop finely or pass through a meat grinder.
Salted mushrooms should be washed in cold water and also chopped.
Fry finely chopped onions in vegetable oil, add mushrooms and simmer for 10-15 minutes.
Three minutes before the end of the stew, add crushed garlic, vinegar, pepper, salt.
Put the finished caviar on a plate in a slide and sprinkle with green onions.
Salted mushrooms - 70 g, dried - 20 g, vegetable oil - 15 g, onion - 10 g, green onion - 20 g, 3% vinegar - 5 g, garlic, salt and pepper to taste.
Radish with butter
Grate the washed and peeled radish on a fine grater. Add salt, sugar, finely chopped onion, vegetable oil, vinegar. Mix everything well, let stand for a few minutes. Then put in a salad bowl with a slide, garnish with chopped herbs.
Radish - 100 g, onion - 20 g, vegetable oil - 5 g, salt, sugar, vinegar, herbs to taste.
Pickled cucumber caviar
Finely chop the pickled cucumbers, squeeze the juice from the resulting mass.
Fry finely chopped onions in vegetable oil, add chopped cucumbers and continue to fry over low heat for half an hour, then put the tomato puree and fry all together for another 15-20 minutes. A minute before readiness, season the caviar with ground pepper.
In the same way, you can cook caviar from salted tomatoes.
Pickled cucumbers - 1 kg, onion - 200 g, tomato puree - 50 g, vegetable oil - 40 g, salt and pepper to taste.
Lean pea soup
In the evening, pour cold water over the peas and leave to swell and cook the noodles.
For noodles, half a glass of flour should be mixed well with three tablespoons of vegetable oil, add a spoonful of cold water, salt, leave the dough for an hour to swell. Thinly rolled and dried dough cut into strips, dry in the oven.
Boil the swollen peas, without draining the water, until half cooked, add the fried onions, diced potatoes, noodles, pepper, salt and cook until the potatoes and noodles are ready.
Peas - 50 g, potatoes - 100 g, onions - 20 g, water - 300 g, onion frying oil - 10 g, parsley, salt, pepper to taste.
Russian lean soup
Boil pearl barley, add fresh cabbage, cut into small squares, potatoes and roots, cut into cubes, into the broth, and cook until tender. In summer, you can add fresh tomatoes, cut into slices, which are laid at the same time as the potatoes.
Sprinkle with parsley or dill when serving. Potatoes, cabbage - 100 g each, onions - 20 g, carrots - 20 g, pearl barley - 20 g, dill, salt to taste.
Rassolnik
Chop peeled and washed parsley, celery, onion in the form of straws, fry everything together in oil.
Cut the skin off the pickles and boil them separately in two liters of water. This is the broth for the pickle.
Cut the peeled cucumbers lengthwise into four parts, remove the seeds, finely chop the cucumber pulp into pieces.
Put the cucumbers in a small saucepan. To do this, put cucumbers in a saucepan, pour in half a glass of broth, cook over low heat until the cucumbers are completely softened.
Cut potatoes into cubes, chop fresh cabbage.
Boil the potatoes in a boiling broth, then place the cabbage, when the cabbage and potatoes are ready, add the browned vegetables and poached cucumbers.
5 minutes before the end of cooking, pickle should be salted, pepper, bay leaf and other spices to taste.
A minute before readiness, cucumber pickle is poured into the pickle.
200 g fresh cabbage, 3-4 medium potatoes, 1 carrot, 2-3 parsley roots, 1 celery root, 1 onion, 2 medium-sized cucumbers, 2 tablespoons of oil, half a glass of cucumber pickle, 2 liters of water, salt, pepper, bay leaf sheet to taste.
Rassolnik can be prepared with fresh or dried mushrooms, with cereals (wheat, pearl barley, oatmeal). In this case, these products must be added to the specified recipe.
Festive hodgepodge (on fish days)
Prepare a liter of very strong broth from any fish. Fry the finely chopped onion in a pan with oil.
Gently sprinkle the onion with flour, stir, fry until the flour becomes golden brown. Then pour the fish broth and cucumber pickle into the pan, mix well and bring to a boil.
Chop the mushrooms, capers, remove the stones from the olives, add all this to the broth, bring to a boil.
Cut the fish into pieces, scald with boiling water, put in a pan with butter, tomato puree and peeled cucumbers.
Add the fish and cucumbers to the pot and cook the saltwort over low heat until the fish is done. Three minutes before readiness, add bay leaf, spices.
Properly prepared hodgepodge has a light, slightly reddish broth, pungent taste, smell of fish and spices.
When serving on a plate, put a piece of each type of fish, pour the broth, add a cup of lemon, dill or parsley, olives.
Pies with fish can be served with the hodgepodge.
100 g of fresh salmon, 100 g of fresh pike perch, 100 g of fresh (or salted) sturgeon, a small can of olives, two teaspoons of tomato puree, 3 white pickled mushrooms, 2 pickled cucumbers, onion, 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil, a tablespoon of flour , a quarter of a lemon, a dozen olives, half a glass of cucumber pickle, a tablespoon of capers, black peppercorns, bay leaf, salt to taste, a bunch of dill or parsley, 2 cups of lemon.
Sour daily mushroom cabbage soup
Boil dry mushrooms and roots. Finely chop the mushrooms taken out of the broth. Mushrooms and broth will be needed for cooking cabbage soup.
Stew over low heat for one and a half to two hours squeezed shredded sauerkraut with a glass of water and two tablespoons of tomato paste. The cabbage should be very soft.
10 - 15 minutes before the end of the stew, add the roots and onions fried in oil, and fried flour about five minutes before the end of the stew.
Put the cabbage in a saucepan, add chopped mushrooms, broth and cook for about forty minutes until tender. You can’t salt cabbage soup from sauerkraut - you can ruin the dish. Shchi tastes better the longer it cooks. Previously, such cabbage soup was put in a hot oven for a day, and exposed to frost at night.
Add two cloves of garlic mashed with salt to the prepared cabbage soup.
You can serve kulebyaka with fried buckwheat porridge with cabbage soup.
You can add potatoes or cereals to cabbage soup. To do this, cut three potatoes into cubes, separately steam two tablespoons of pearl barley or millet groats until half cooked. Potatoes and cereals should be put in boiling mushroom broth twenty minutes earlier than stewed cabbage.
Sauerkraut - 200 g, dried mushrooms - 20 g, carrots - 20 g, tomato puree - 20 g, flour - 10 g, oil - 20 g, bay leaf, pepper, herbs, salt to taste.
Mushroom soup with buckwheat
Boil diced potatoes, add buckwheat, soaked dried mushrooms, fried onions, salt. Cook until done.
Sprinkle the finished soup with herbs.
Potatoes - 100 g, buckwheat - 30 g, mushrooms - 10 g, onion - 20 g, butter - 15 g, parsley, salt, pepper to taste.
Lean sour cabbage tyurya
Mix chopped sauerkraut with grated onion. Add stale bread, also grated. Mix well, pour over with oil, dilute with kvass to the density you need. In the finished dish, you need to add pepper, salt.
Sauerkraut - 30 g, bread - 10 g, onion - 20 g, kvass - 150 g, vegetable oil, pepper, salt to taste.
Potato cutlets with prunes
Mash 400 grams of boiled potatoes, salt, add half a glass of vegetable oil, half a glass of warm water and enough flour to make a soft dough.
Let stand for about twenty minutes so that the flour swells, at this time prepare the prunes - peel it from the stones, pour boiling water over it.
Roll out the dough, cut into mugs with a glass, put prunes in the middle of each, form cutlets, pinching the dough in the form of pies, roll each cutlet in breadcrumbs and fry in a pan in a large amount of vegetable oil.
Loose buckwheat porridge
Fry a glass of buckwheat in a pan until it is browned.
Pour exactly two cups of water into a saucepan (it is better to use a cauldron with a convex bottom) with a tight lid, add salt and put on fire.
When the water boils, pour the red-hot buckwheat into it, cover with a lid. The lid must not be removed until the porridge is fully cooked.
Porridge should be cooked for 15 minutes, first on high, then on medium and at the end - on low heat.
The finished porridge should be seasoned with finely chopped onions fried in butter until golden brown and dry mushrooms, pre-treated.
This porridge can be served as an independent dish, or it can also be used as a filling for pies.
Lean dough for pies
Knead a dough of half a kilogram of flour, two glasses of water and 25-30 g of yeast.
When the dough rises, add salt, sugar, three tablespoons of vegetable oil, another half a kilogram of flour to it and beat the dough until it stops sticking to your hands.
Then put the dough in the same pan where the dough was prepared and let it rise again.
After that, the dough is ready for further work.
Buckwheat porridge shangi
Roll out cakes from lean dough, put buckwheat porridge cooked with onions and mushrooms in the middle of each, bend the edges of the cake.
After laying the finished shangi on a greased form, bake them in the oven.
The same shangi can be prepared stuffed with fried onions, potatoes, crushed garlic and fried onions.
Buckwheat pancakes, "sinners"
Pour three cups of buckwheat flour in the evening with three cups of boiling water, stir well and leave for an hour. If you do not have buckwheat flour, you can make it yourself by grinding buckwheat in a coffee grinder.
When the dough has cooled, dilute it with a glass of boiling water. When the dough becomes slightly warm, add 25 g of yeast dissolved in half a glass of water.
In the morning, add the rest of the flour, salt dissolved in water to the dough and knead the dough until the density of sour cream, put it in a warm place and bake in a pan when the dough rises again.
These pancakes are especially good with onion fritters.
Pancakes with spices (with mushrooms, onions)
Prepare a dough of 300 g of flour, a glass of water, 20 g of yeast and put it in a warm place.
When the dough comes up, pour another glass of warm water, two tablespoons of vegetable oil, salt, sugar, the rest of the flour into it and mix everything thoroughly.
Soak the washed dried mushrooms for three hours, boil until tender, cut into small pieces, fry, add chopped and lightly fried green or onion, cut into rings. After spreading the pastries in a pan, fill them with dough, fry like ordinary pancakes.
Pies with mushrooms
Dilute the yeast in one and a half glasses of warm water, add two hundred grams of flour, stir and put the dough in a warm place for 2-3 hours.
Pour 100 grams of vegetable oil with 100 grams of sugar, pour into the dough, mix, add 250 grams of flour, leave for an hour and a half to ferment.
Soak 100 grams of washed dried mushrooms for two hours, boil them until tender and pass through a meat grinder. Fry three finely chopped onions in a pan in vegetable oil. When the onion turns golden, add finely chopped mushrooms, salt, fry for a few more minutes.
Shape the dough into balls and let them rise. Then roll the balls into cakes, put the mushroom mass in the middle of each, make pies, let them rise for half an hour on a greased baking sheet, then carefully grease the surface of the pies with sweet strong tea and bake in a heated oven for 30-40 minutes.
Put the finished pies in a deep plate and cover with a towel.
Lukovnik
Prepare lean yeast dough like for pies. When the dough has risen, roll it into thin cakes. Chop the onion and fry it until golden brown in vegetable oil.
At the bottom of a stewpan or a mold greased with oil, put a thin cake, cover with onions, then again a cake and a layer of onions. So it is necessary to lay 6 layers. The top layer should be from the dough.
Bake the onion in a well-heated oven. Serve hot.
pies
400 g flour, 3 tablespoons butter, 25-30 g yeast, 300 g pike, 300 g salmon, 2-3 pinches of ground black pepper, 1 tablespoon crushed crackers, salt to taste.
Knead the lean dough, let it rise twice. Roll out the dough that has risen again into a thin sheet and cut mugs out of it with a glass or a cup.
Place minced pike on each circle, and a thin piece of salmon on it. You can use minced sea bass, cod, catfish (except sea), pike perch, carp.
Pinch the ends of the patties so that the middle remains open.
Place pies on a greased baking sheet and let them rise for 15 minutes.
Lubricate each pie with strong sweet tea and sprinkle with breadcrumbs.
Bake pies should be in a well-heated oven.
A hole is left in the top of the pie so that fish broth can be poured into it during lunch.
Pies are served with fish soup or fish soup.
On days when the fish is not blessed, you can cook pies with mushrooms and rice.
For minced meat, you will need 200 g of dried mushrooms, 1 onion, 2-3 tablespoons of oil, 100 g of rice, salt, ground black pepper.
Pass the boiled mushrooms through a meat grinder or chop. Fry finely chopped onion with mushrooms for 7 minutes. Cool fried mushrooms with onions, mix with boiled friable rice, salt, sprinkle with pepper.
Rybnik
500 g fish fillet, 1 onion, 2-3 potatoes, 2-3 tablespoons of oil, salt, pepper to taste.
Make lean dough, roll it into two cakes.
The cake that will be used for the bottom layer of the pie should be slightly thinner than the top.
Lay the rolled out flatbread on a greased baking sheet, lay a layer of thinly sliced raw potatoes on the flatbread, sprinkled with salt and pepper. large pieces of fish fillet, on top - thinly sliced raw onions.
Pour everything with oil and cover with a second cake. Connect the edges of the cakes and fold down.
Put the finished fisherman in a warm place for twenty minutes; before putting the fisherman in the oven, pierce the top in several places. Bake in an oven preheated to 200-220°C.
Pie with cabbage and fish
Roll out the lean dough in the form of a future pie.
Lay out a layer of cabbage evenly, on it - a layer of chopped fish and again a layer of cabbage.
Pinch the edges of the pie and bake the pie in the oven.
Potato fritters
Grate peeled raw potatoes, salt, let the juice appear, then add a little water and enough flour to make a dough like for pancakes.
Spread the finished dough with a spoon on a hot frying pan, greased with vegetable oil, and fry on both sides.
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Instruction
You have to come to terms with the fact that you will never be able to get enough sleep for the future. At the same time, the slightest failure of the daily regimen forces the body to rebuild and adapt to the new routine. This leads to the fact that the body actively produces cortisol, a hormone that smooths out the response to stress: it changes blood pressure, affects carbohydrate metabolism, constricts blood vessels. In the normal state, the level of cortisol rises only in the morning hours - from 7 to 9, then gradually decreases in the evening - by 9 pm. With mental and physical stress, this hormone is released into the blood unscheduled. "Splashes" result in a feeling of chronic fatigue, drowsiness and muscle weakness.
Force yourself to go to bed early. At first, such “self-abuse” will not be easy. At first, there may be problems with falling asleep, because usually you went to bed late, and the body simply does not want to sleep at 22 or 23 hours. However, fixing this is pretty easy. Even falling asleep at 3 am, forcefully get up at 7 am. Do active physical exercises all day long - sports, cleaning, shopping. It will be much easier to go to bed at the scheduled time the next evening.
Choose the optimal and suitable time for you to wake up and get up. It is very important to wake up every day at the same time, for example, at 7 or 8 in the morning, since the body does not just get used to it, it begins to work effectively according to the “wound up” biological clock, allowing you to fall asleep without problems in the future, wake up without an alarm clock and effectively restore strength for the sleep time allotted for this.
Have breakfast, lunch and dinner at the same time. A missed lunch or dinner refusal is a stress for the body, which begins to use and activate other internal resources of the body, which leads to fatigue and increased irritability. A missed meal most often turns into an increased portion in the next meal and, as a result, leads to overeating and obesity.
Try to rest and relax as much as possible in the afternoon or afternoon. Morning is the most favorable time for increased activity, mental and physical. Developing maximum resources before lunch, the body receives reinforcement in the form of hearty food, after which all processes naturally slow down. In order not to feel sleepy and lazy until the evening, allow yourself to be in a relaxed state for half an hour, then freshen up by going out into the air or washing with cold water, and start working again.
