types of proposals by the presence of main members: two-part. Sentence. types of proposals by the presence of main members: two-part Homogeneous members more than two and the union AND is repeated at least twice
1. Task 15 No. 2455.
1) The light in the tower shone with a steady reddish light.
2) My life in the Belogorsk fortress became for me not only tolerable, but even pleasant.
3) The sea is forever and incessantly rustling and splashing.
4) Buran spins, throws snow and whistles and fills with a terrible howl.
5) Servants in the old days carried dishes at dinner parties according to their ranks, and therefore guests sitting at the “lower” end of the table often contemplated only empty plates.
2. Task 15 No. 2494.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Let him serve in the army and pull the strap and sniff gunpowder and be a soldier.
2) Now the trees did not obscure the space and made it possible to see the sky and the distance.
3) Both the elders and we ourselves were terribly frightened and were confused.
4) And at that very moment, the royal adjutant drove up to the scaffold and stopped the execution.
5) Forest fires blazed and the air smelled of burning.
3. Task 15 No. 2534.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Mom cooked soup and salad and fried potatoes.
2) The door to the room, upholstered in black oilcloth, swung open and a bearded man came out with a backpack over his shoulders.
3) The critics of that time and the public of that time were equally misunderstood both the shortcomings and the merits of Poltava.
4) Amundsen took into account in his expeditions natural features Antarctica and the experience of other scientists and the technical capabilities of their time.
5) The brother promised to call from Sevastopol or send a telegram.
4. Task 15 No. 2573.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Vera took out two small roses from a vase and put them in the buttonhole of her father's coat.
2) Osadchy was famous not only in the regiment but throughout the division for his unusually beautiful voice.
3) At that moment, a strong hand seized his red and bristly hair and lifted him half an arshin off the ground.
4) Sasha did not dare to stand up for his comrade, and subsequently he had to regret it more than once.
5) Anyutka alone stayed at home to cook cabbage soup and clean up the upper room.
5. Task 15 No. 2612.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Soon we got tired of walking on sand and wet pebbles and decided to make a halt.
2) Will you call a taxi or go home by bus?
3) In the Ehrenburg house, both the chandeliers and mirrors and even the kitchen table were works of art.
4) In this store you can buy both mechanical and electronic watches.
5) The sun slowly disappeared behind the roofs of the houses and in its reddish light the clouds took on bizarre shapes.
6. Task 15 No. 2651.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) My father wanted to go out to meet him, but for some reason changed his mind.
2) Everything was drowning in darkness and the dreary autumn twilight was involuntarily drawn to the imagination.
3) A thin and small woman entered the assembly hall and immediately began giving orders to those present.
4) Here he usually stamped his foot or gnashed his teeth.
5) I need to go to the pool today and do my homework and take a walk with my friends.
7. Task 15 No. 2753.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Apricot water gave a rich yellow foam and the air smelled of a barbershop.
2) The owner decided to inspect the bales and boxes delivered to the pier and arrived at the port on the same day.
3) In the calm, it was very warm and the south side of the hut and the mound near it thawed and darkened
4) You can change the terms of the transaction or refuse it.
5) The house has both running water and gas heating and electricity.
8. Task 15 No. 2792.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) There were many beautiful and rare flowers and several fruit trees in the garden.
2) Vasily was considered not only an experienced but also a very promising employee.
3) On Sunday we will go for a walk in the park again or go to the museum or see New film at the cinema.
4) In the yard, the children saw only a dog on a chain and a dozen chickens.
5) The textbook offered to you will be useful for both beginners and professionals.
9. Task 15 No. 2831.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Cranes flew low in the gloomy sky and loudly and lingeringly cooed.
2) Styopushka either sits, nibbles on a radish, or drags a bucket of water somewhere and groans, then taps with a piece of wood in his closet.
3) Somewhere nearby there was a “shading” of finches and a short trill of oatmeal.
4) His old and quarrelsome wife did not leave the stove all day, constantly grumbling and scolding.
5) The underground passage was closed and this immediately put Dmitry Olegovich in front of an insoluble problem.
10. Task 15 No. 2930.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Vladimir Ivanovich Dal was not only an outstanding lexicographer and connoisseur of Russian speech, but also a brilliant military doctor.
2) The river turned out to be shallow and it was easy to ford it.
3) After dinner, grandfather used to read newspapers or take a nap in a rocking chair.
4) Mikhail Borisovich laid out canned food and smoked meats on a bedspread and put a kettle on the fire.
5) In his travels, Gulliver visits Lilliput and the Land of the Giants, and even the fantastic Laputa.
11. Task 15 No. 2969.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) After the ruin of Grigory Fedorovich, both chandeliers and mirrors and even chairs in his estate were sold for debts.
2) Olga kissed her daughter and mother and went with her suitcase to the bus.
3) Within seven days, you will receive either a permit for housing conversion or a reasoned written refusal.
4) In the evening it got colder and it began to snow.
5) The headman of the village either was late for the meeting again or simply forgot about him.
12. Task 15 No. 3008.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Among those who met the ship were both those who were disposed towards the colonists and aggressively inclined natives.
2) Only autumn nights and autumn showers are not good in mountain villages
3) The head of the enterprise did not understand or simply did not want to understand the whole difficulty of the current situation.
4) Paul could not resist the insult and rebuff the offender.
5) Books of monarchs were often decorated with images of coats of arms and proud mottos woven into them were written in Latin.
13. Task 15 No. 3047.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) In the evenings, grandfather read us some book or told one of the stories that happened to him in his youth.
2) For registration of the document, you will need a foreign passport, driver's license, insurance.
3) Without new scientific ideas, a breakthrough in this area will not happen either today or tomorrow.
4) Aleksey laid out notebooks and textbooks on the table and began to study.
5) The orchestra played sweet waltzes, perky potpourri, and from the sounds of these people around it became easy and joyful
14. Task 15 No. 3122.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) In winter and summer, autumn and spring, the Russian forest is good.
2) The performance turned out to be funny and instructive and relevant.
3) Gray gloomy days and long nights dragged on.
4) Old and young still laugh at the adventures of the hero Alexander Demyanenko.
5) The bell cries loudly and laughs and squeals.
15. Task 15 No. 3161.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Before dinner, mothers and grandmothers leaned out of the windows and called the children home.
2) The next day, my grandmother woke up at the crack of dawn.
3) On the table one could always see written sheets or an open notebook or folder with a manuscript.
4) The driver either did not hear my words or did not pay attention to them.
5) In moments of melancholy, the formidable general became more helpless than a child, and many were in a hurry to take out their grievances on him.
16. Task 15 No. 3230.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) The fire in the forest either flared up and grew, then decreased and almost went out.
2) There was a constant shortage of specialist drivers both in the rear and at the front.
3) In our area it is rainy in August and in September and in October.
4) And the soldier knows for himself that he eats stew and praises.
5) In the autumn evenings we walked in the park or sat by the fireplace and told stories to each other.
17. Task 15 No. 3269.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Due to leaks in the roof, all three bedrooms on the top floor were damp and smelled of mold.
2) Flowers grew near the snow itself, and even tender green sprouts made their way through the snow.
3) My neighbor was obviously not in the mood for communication and conversations preferred concentrated reading of the newspaper.
4) Stanislav did not hear the question or did not want to answer it.
5) Tanyusha felt cold and woke up.
18. Task 15 No. 5462.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Varvara looked at us with surprise and laughed and clasped her hands.
3) We felt, if not joy, then pleasant excitement.
4) Only gray roofs and a piece of the autumn sky were visible from the window.
5) The lanterns were far apart from each other and Misha's shadow grew to an unimaginable size.
19. Task 15 No. 5540.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Kerzhenets struck us with his quiet, thoughtful and gloomy beauty.
2) The girl was mortally ill and her sly gray eyes went out.
3) The old castle cordially accepted and covered both the erratic nakedness and the lonely old women and the homeless vagrants.
4) The German manager did not know about the theft at the factory or did not want to know about it.
5) Only a small Spanish patrol boat and peaceful fishing boats scurried across the sea.
20. Task 15 No. 5579.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) He took out a pouch and a pipe from his pocket and then took hot coal from the fire.
2) The whole visible world for us was limited to this fire and a small piece of the island with protruding outlines of bushes.
3) The boat swayed measuredly and screeched softly under the blows of the reflected and broken but still strong wave.
4) No stars, no moon, no dawn were visible in the sky.
5) The last colors of the evening dawn went out and the amazing clouds that recently shone over the forest disappeared.
21. Task 15 No. 6020.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) The musical motive sounds again and again and for some reason seems sad.
2) In my life I have experienced hunger and cold and sickness.
3) Every day Zinaida Nikolaevna came to me and read French and Russian books.
4) The subject can be expressed both as a noun in the nominative case and as an infinitive.
5) Everything froze in thick silence, and even time seemed to freeze.
22. Task 15 No. 6059.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) It was especially quiet and not crowded, and only occasionally did children's laughter or the barking of a dog reach their ears.
2) It’s hard for me to remember my past and St. Petersburg and my love.
3) Ivan Stepanovich's eyes suddenly shone brightly and his face was covered with an unhealthy blush.
4) And now the branches of slender trees splattered with dew are already trembling and burning.
5) Here and there the reflections of stars and coastal stones tremble and sway.
23. Task 15 No. 6240.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Only the owner and Sergey Nikolaevich and Vladimir Petrovich remained in the room.
2) Sviyazhsky was not only smart, but also a very educated person.
4) Everything in the room was quiet and only a faint crackle of wax candles was heard.
5) Somewhere in the hall, a bucket rattles and a quiet splash of water is heard.
24. Task 15 No. 6279.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Volodya gave his sister a basket of flowers and a box of chocolates and wished her happiness with all his heart.
2) More and more noisy songs and screams were heard through the streets.
3) I was frightened and began to ask Ivan Ignatich not to say anything to the commandant.
4) Microwaves shake the water molecules in the products and the energy of their vibrations is converted into heat.
5) It was always possible to meet some new people near Stasov, and he constantly, with a certain mystery in his voice, recommended them as great in the future.
25. Task 15 No. 6318.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Anna held knitting in her hands but did not knit, but looked at the guest with a strange and unfriendly look.
2) Arkady Pavlich poured himself a glass of red wine, raised it to his lips, and suddenly frowned.
3) On the table and on the windowsill were two open books, several written notebook sheets, drawings of various sizes.
4) He cut off every attempt to speak to him either with bilious courtesy or insolence.
5) In the park, crows fly from one tree to another and collect black bread crumbs from the ground.
26. Task 15 No. 6357.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Ilya looked around, lay down, put his hands under his head and began to look at the ceiling.
2) The desired moment has come and our ship, to the sounds of fireworks, moved away from the shore.
3) The sun appeared from behind the horizon and its rays broke into the grove.
4) The battery was installed and connected to the hoses and the wires enclosed in them.
5) Any significant or clever or simply sincere word would seem at that moment something out of place.
27. Task 15 No. 6701.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) He walked and moved without any noise, always fussed and fiddled around in secret.
2) Forests and meadows and the sky seemed to be sleeping with open eyes.
3) Some philosophers and a half-educated student started an endless argument.
4) Sofas and chairs were made of light wood and smelled like cypress.
5) Even the coachmen have submitted to his influence and every day they not only wipe their collars and clean the coats, but also wash their own faces.
28. Task 15 No. 6740.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Morning came and the golden glare of the young sun danced on the barely noticeable waves of a calm sea.
2) An old comrade invited me to visit him and for the first time I had a chance to visit the upper reaches of the Volga.
3) He carefully took out his shoes from his bosom and was again amazed at the expensive work and the wonderful incident of the previous night.
4) In a few hours he will leave the house and the farm and go somewhere to the south.
5) Islands of coltsfoot and wormwood and thin bushes of yellow sweet clover enlivened the slope of the ravine.
29. Task 15 No. 6847.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) A good specialist relies on fundamental knowledge and the ability to work.
2) In the thickets, gulls or some other birds cried plaintively all night.
3) The oil lamp went out not only from the slightest fluctuation of the air, but even from a close look.
4) The dictionary of synonyms is intended for a wide range of philologists, translators and journalists.
5) For festive illumination, both electric garlands and lanterns were used.
30. Task 15 No. 6886.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Learning and labor lead to glory.
2) The moon looks mysteriously and kindly and beckons with its dim light.
3) Dal and Sreznevsky Shcherba and Vinogradov were distinguished by knightly fidelity and devotion to the word.
4) The noise of the conversation of a crowd of people - all this was unusual for Yegor.
5) Look around and see so many new and interesting things.
31. Task 15 No. 6925.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) The violin caused a toothache and from its sounds there was a feeling of a knocked out tooth.
2) You will run out of the gate and see the dazzling and primordial whiteness.
3) In the evenings, the sun bathes in crimson fogs or burns dry like a fire on the edge of the steppe.
4) Through the noise of the waves, either sighs or muffled screams reached them.
5) During the flight, you can take a nap or just dream.
32. Task 15 No. 6964.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
2) In the morning frosty dawn or in the golden summer twilight, the city looked like a fairy tale come to life.
3) In the 14th century, Lithuania, Tver and Moscow claimed the role of a collector of Russian lands.
4) Any shopkeeper was fat and rich and this was the main argument of their attachment to the Three Fat
kam.
5) The house was cleaned for the holiday with birch branches and daisies.
33. Task 15 No. 7006.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) By evening, my arms, legs, shoulders ached and yearned for rest.
2) There were daffodils and tulips pansies and forget-me-nots dahlias and asters.
3) We were promised an amusing trip along the reserved Red Bank flowering steppes and foothills of the Crimea.
4) Goncharov seeks to depict the national essence of the Russian person and his natural properties.
5) Both flora and fauna are unique on Baikal.
34. Task 15 No. 7046.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) There were no clouds in the sky and the sun did not peek out.
2) You could see her every day with a can, then with a bag, then with a bag and a can together.
3) Yellow leaves and morning fogs reminded of the past summer.
4) It has been snowing or raining all day.
5) Nadezhda looked reproachfully directly at Kurochkin, and he fell silent.
35. Task 15 No. 7085.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Vladimir Mayakovsky remains in the memory of people not only as an outstanding poet of his time, but also as the creator of an original poetic verse.
2) The moon rose and illuminated the road, the field and the houses of the sleeping village.
3) There are many gas and electric stoves and ovens on display at the exhibition.
4) Yegorushka had never seen steamships or locomotives or wide rivers before.
5) In this forest on the pines you can see a squirrel or a woodpecker.
36. Task 15 No. 7124.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) I will order ice cream or hot chocolate or strawberry cake.
2) After Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy Saltykov-Shchedrin and Gleb Uspensky, Chekhov's stories seemed to many critics an expression of public indifference.
3) This conference brought together representatives of both the federal and regional levels of government.
4) I receive and deliver letters and parcels to the addressee.
5) In such weather, the wolf does not prowl and the bear does not get out of the den.
37. Task 15 No. 7442.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Someone cleaned up the tower and waited for the owners.
2) In the syntactic structure of two poetic texts we can find both similarities and differences.
3) M. V. Lomonosov outlined the distinction between significant and functional words, and in the future this distinction was supported by the largest representatives of Russian science.
4) Many literary critics and historians argue again and again about Goethe's correspondence with the great Russian poet A. S. Pushkin.
5) A. S. Green could describe in detail both the bend of the river and the location of houses, both centuries-old forests and cozy coastal cities.
38. Task 15 No. 9993.Set up punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) In 1856, in the German city of Karlsruhe, the first edition of the poem "Demon" by the former lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment M. Yu. Lermontov was published, and in the same year in Omsk in the family of the captain of the same Tenginsky infantry regiment A. M. Vrubel was born son - the future artist Mikhail Vrubel.
2) Many canvases by I. K. Aivazovsky are perceived as musical or poetic improvisations.
3) For the first time in such long war years, sonorous children's laughter was heard from the park and the creak of a swing rusted from the rains crashed into the air.
4) The composer A. A. Alyabyev was associated with the Decembrist poets both in general views and in many circumstances of life and difficult personal fate.
5) In the Meshchersky region, the sources of rivers and springs and groves and oak forests have become reserved.
Part 2
1. Task 15 No. 3594.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) At the frosty morning dawn or in the golden summer twilight, the city looked like a fairy tale come to life.
2) Rows of trees or shrubs or flowers went in all directions from the houses.
3) To the poet, all nature seems animated and sharing his experiences.
4) For festive illumination, both electric garlands and lanterns were used.
5) The sounds of the violin were indistinctly heard in the dusk of the night and gradually they reached the very depths of the human heart.
2. Task 15 No. 3789.
1) Crimson golden leaves slowly and smoothly spin in the air and quietly fall to the damp earth.
2) Pretty soon he settled down in the area and made friends with the neighbors.
3) The work went quickly and cheerfully and was completed on time.
4) Participles are able to both figuratively describe an object or phenomenon and present its sign in dynamics.
5) Textbook M.V. Lomonosov on rhetoric was very popular and was published three times during the life of the author.
3. Task 15 No. 3828.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) I have an order both from the judge and from all our acquaintances to reconcile you with your friend.
2) And you will see Peter the Great and Princess Sophia and the remote conquerors of Siberia in the paintings of Surikov.
3) B Ancient Greece there was no stopwatch, no tape measure, no accurate scales.
4) Friendship and brotherhood are more precious than any wealth.
5) On the borders of the Russian land, the undersized horses of the steppe warriors () began to flicker, and messengers scattered around the Slavic cities with calls to send squads for a common rebuff to the enemy.
4. Task 15 No. 3867.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) At the end of the 16th century, in the royal and boyar chambers and in monasteries, stoves began to be lined with tiles.
3) Professor of Kyiv University Prakhov was in charge of painting the famous Vladimir Cathedral
and to work on the murals, he attracted artists from Abramtsevo ..
4) It is rather difficult to confirm or refute these assumptions.
5) The teddy bear lay on the straw at the very mast or climbed up on it to the gazebo and sat here or also lay.
5. Task 15 No. 3906.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) The first poplar leaves smelled strongly and tartly, and their aroma interrupted all other smells.
2) Pushkin often mentions certain periods of his life.
3) With his plays and stories, Chekhov created an original and completely autonomous world.
4) The last houses were already asleep and blindly staring at the traveler with their dark windows.
5) Literature sympathizes with people offended by fate, and through this compassion the reader finds in the book his connection with other people.
6. Task 15 No. 3945.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) In the hall, the doctors are talking in Latin and this makes their conversation even more mysterious.
2) The golden-light west has cleared and opened its arms to weary travelers.
3) Life itself dictates the plot and composition and colors to the artist.
4) For sixteen years she was a classy lady at the Institute for Noble Maidens and enjoyed the exclusive respect of all her superiors.
5) There were no more instructions and Misha pushed the door into the upper room.
7. Task 15 No. 4062.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) The peasants raised chickens and ducks and geese.
3) Russian craftswomen embroidered uniforms and camisoles, church vestments and women's dresses.
4) The flights of ships into space and the stay of people in outer space have become familiar and even everyday for us.
5) The strait seemed like a road of dull gold and sailboats slowly drifted along it.
8. Task 15 No. 4101.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) The old man who was talking to us now kindly screwed up his eyes, then suddenly became severe.
2) People of the equatorial race have curly or wavy hair.
3) With the invasion of air masses from the Arctic in summer and winter, cooling often occurs.
4) Somewhere, alarmed lapwings and rooks were crying and complaining about their fate.
5) The question of the origin of life on Earth at all times had both cognitive and ideological significance.
9. Task 15 No. 4140.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) First-graders enthusiastically read poetry and sang and danced.
2) It was damp, cold and gloomy.
3) Sculptors create three-dimensional figures from solid or plastic materials.
4) Russian lyrical songs were created and performed by peasants yearning for a free will and a better life.
5) Both swallows and swifts were rushing in the sky.
10. Task 15 No. 4179.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) The pianist masterfully performed his own and other people's compositions and easily read unfamiliar works from a sheet.
2) Tea with fragrant honey was especially tasty and we sat for a long time at a cleanly planed white table in the garden. 3) Pictures and vases and other details of the interior reflected the refinement of the taste of its owner.
4) Sometimes Ilyusha's gaze was filled with an expression of fatigue or boredom.
5) The artist was fascinated not only by the beauty of the view that opened before him, but also by the variety of natural forms.
11. Task 15 No. 4218.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) The herbal shamrock can be found both in swampy meadows and along the shores of lakes.
2) Paul I could, on a completely insignificant occasion or an openly slanderous denunciation, brutally crack down on any courtier.
3) The geologist starts searching in the lateral tributaries of the river or carefully examines the slopes of the valleys or studies the foot of the mountain.
4) The flexible ends of the ferns swing gracefully and again everything is quiet.
5) Italian art in the 17th century was no longer the only and unconditional authority and ideal.
12. Task 15 No. 4257.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) V.I. Dahl knew how to make glass ornaments and carve chess pieces and build bridges.
2) Flocks of birds rise into the transparent blue of the sky and their farewell cries are heard far around.
3) Either you did not do your job or did not learn how to work.
4) In the age of rockets and lasers, new means of communication and information could not push the book aside.
5) Learning and labor will grind everything.
13. Task 15 No. 4296.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) The text can consist of two or three sentences or several paragraphs.
2) Snowdrops and coltsfoot flowers appeared on the mounds and thawed patches.
3) Only a few mosses are an exception to the rule and are found in dry and even arid places.
4) The wind died down and fresh coolness began to spread in the vineyards.
5) The language reflects in its words both universal concepts and national-specific phenomena of the culture of the people.
14. Task 15 No. 4335.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) Russian craftswomen embroidered uniforms and camisoles, church vestments and women's dresses.
2) The Eskimos use pieces of leather or fish scales to decorate their clothes.
3) The flights of ships into space and the stay of people in outer space have become familiar and even everyday for us.
4) Peasants raised chickens and ducks and geese.
5) In the fall, the Aksakov family returned to Moscow, and then life in the manor house came to a standstill.
15. Task 15 No. 4374.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) Shaking in a light wagon and heady steppe air put the boy to sleep.
2) The richest and most diverse plant and animal world humid tropical forests.
3) The floors in a medieval castle were covered with fragrant herbs or reed mats.
4) Previously, he either did not notice the surrounding nature or looked at it from a practical point of view.
5) The coastal mountains cover the valleys from the cold sea winds and the trees here are tall and straight.
16. Task 15 No. 4413.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) We saw several trees in the distance and the shadows of clouds driven by the wind running along the wet grass.
2) Gray gloomy days and long nights dragged on.
3) A cloud in the north grew and captured the western and eastern parts of the sky.
4) There was a noise in my head, either from the howling and whistling of the storm, or from joyful excitement.
5) To check the spelling of an unstressed vowel of the root, you need to change the word or choose a related one.
17. Task 15 No. 4452.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) On the same lilac bush, I saw yellow leaves and buds that began to swell.
3) Gusak talked to himself in a husky bass and picked up spilled seeds and grains.
4) The facts of changes in animals and plants under the influence of selection are obvious.
5) The majestic forest ended and the dewy brightness of the meadows hit my eyes.
18. Task 15 No. 4491.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) The last waves of warm fog either roll down or spread out like tablecloths or disappear.
2) Leaves and green shells of fruits contain ascorbic acid and tannins.
3) V.A. Serov was looking for a new way to convey on the canvas an infinitely varied play of light, and work on the portrait “The Girl Illuminated by the Sun” was repeatedly postponed.
4) Military honor and personal devotion did not allow Svyatoslav to leave his brother in trouble.
5) Graphic skill was not appreciated and the graceful drawing of N. Kuzmin irritated ideological critics.
19. Task 15 No. 4530.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) The fellow traveler did not hear what was said or ignored my hint.
2) And the years went by quickly and inaudibly and carried away these memories with them.
3) The themes of war and peace of forgiveness and hatred are relevant at all times.
4) Our train stopped at both large and small stations.
5) On the same lilac bush, I saw yellow leaves and buds that began to swell.
20. Task 15 No. 4569.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) Before my eyes, a beautiful pot or a tall jug or a capacious jug was born.
2) Heavy clusters of mountain ash stood out brightly and juicy against the background of birches and firs.
3) Some words formed from verbs can be used both as adjectives and as participles.
4) Taiga on earth and stars in the sky have existed for many thousands of years.
5) The coastal mountains cover the valleys from the cold sea winds and the trees here are tall and straight.
21. Task 15 No. 4608.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) In the calm, it was very warm and the southern side of the hut and the mound near it thawed and darkened.
2) Our train stopped at both large and small stations.
5) Tinsmiths must know the structure of various machines and devices for sheet metal processing and be able to work on them.
22. Task 15 No. 4647.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) Instantly, an elusive lightning flashed and lit up the forest.
2) The last waves of warm fog either roll down or spread out like tablecloths or disappear.
3) Leaves and green shells of fruits contain ascorbic acid and tannins.
5) I had no philological education and I had no connections in the literary world.
23. Task 15 No. 4686.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) Through the bright autumn forest of the eastern hill, one could see a medieval castle and an arched bridge that once connected two high-rise towers.
2) Spring thunder either growled menacingly or grumbled good-naturedly.
3) Neither the bad English weather, nor the icy cold of the bedroom, nor the cold tea could change the mood of the guest.
4) The air was soaring and the day promised to be unbearably hot.
5) Any technical invention or work of art of a particular historical era is the result of a person's desire for truth.
24. Task 15 No. 4725.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) Neither the bad English weather, nor the icy cold of the bedroom, nor the cold tea could change the mood of the guest.
2) In the syntactic structure of two poetic texts, we can find both similarities and differences.
3) I. Repin was very interested in life in all its manifestations, and he was disgusted by the indifference of Western artists to social problems.
4) Role reading or dramatization of fragments from the studied works was especially liked by our class.
5) Many literary scholars and historians argue again and again about the secrets of Shakespeare's work
25. Task 15 No. 4764.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma
1) And he does not see and does not hear and does not notice anything and talks to himself!
2) There was a noise in my head, either from the howling and whistling of the storm, or from joyful excitement.
3) The fellow traveler did not hear what was said or ignored my hint.
4) To check the spelling of an unstressed vowel of the root, you need to change the word or choose a related one.
5) The flexible ends of the ferns swayed gracefully, and again everything was quiet.
26. Task 15 No. 4842.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) The work went quickly and cheerfully and was completed on time.
2) All night long he reads fables and these are the fruits of these books.
3) I'm sorry to part with you and I would like to remember you well
4) And the years went by quickly and inaudibly and carried away these memories with them.
5) The illogical connection of words creates a special psychological effect and attracts the reader's attention
27. Task 15 No. 4881.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) In a Russian song, both timidity and rebellious freemen sound.
2) In the evenings, the sun bathes in crimson fogs or burns dry on the edge of the steppe with a fire.
3) You will run out of the gate and see the dazzling and primordial whiteness.
4) Not a single light is visible on the sea and not a single splash is heard.
5) The snow was driven away and the old mosses swelled near the ravine.
28. Task 15 No. 4920.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) The gates to the boyar court are wide and narrow from the courtyard.
2) The water parted and on both sides of the bow of the boat a living wave left at an angle.
3) People often think about the past and about the history of their country and their people.
4) First, hold the nail with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand and apply light blows to the nail head with a hammer.
5) Coating with paint or varnish or impregnation with oil protects the surface of products from moisture and sun.
29. Task 15 No. 4959.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) Lapwings either screamed or silently ran over the bumps.
2) In the forest, the snow is still untouched and the trees are in snow captivity.
3) The artist was fascinated not only by the beauty of the view that opened before him, but also by the variety of natural forms.
4) Gogol's study of the character of the "scoundrel" proceeds along the lines of moral and psychological and is supplemented by references to Chichikov's personal qualities and the circumstances of his upbringing and environment.
5) Particularly distinguished carpenters and turners were awarded cash prizes and certificates.
30. Task 15 No. 4998.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) The physics of the first half of the 17th century could not explain all the accumulated experimentally proven facts and was in a state of crisis.
2) The competitions did not take place because of the rain and it was decided to postpone them to the next Sunday.
3) The idea of the existence of a national character has long been entrenched in everyday consciousness and in fiction and in the scientific world.
4) In ancient times, neither a harpoon nor a fishing rod could provide a truly rich catch.
5) Geographic latitude call the magnitude of the arc in degrees from the equator north or south to a given point.
31. Task 15 No. 5115.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) It has long been dark and the stars shone brightly on the velvet dark blue veil of the sky.
2) From him there was neither a rumor nor a spirit.
3) In the morning frosty dawn or in the golden summer twilight, the city looked like a fairy tale come to life.
4) Outside the outskirts they began to sing and the melody of an old Russian song echoed with unexpected pain in Vladimir's soul.
5) From the very early morning he ran either to the pond or to the grove or to the hayfield.
32. Task 15 No. 5154.Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) It is rather difficult to confirm or refute these assumptions.
2) B last years During his life, Rubens achieved amazing perfection both in the art of portraiture and in landscape.
3) At the end of the 16th century, in the royal and boyar chambers and in monasteries, stoves began to be lined with tiles.
4) The teddy bear lay on the straw at the very mast or climbed up on it to the gazebo and sat here or also lay.
5) The garden smells of autumn freshness with leaves and fruits.
Neighing, snorting, shouting rushed over the steppe, ran into the deep skies ... I took a gun and wandered after the herd. Petruha drove up to us and rode beside me. (561)
- What, after all the truth - the half-witted? he asked me in a whisper and nodded towards Yegor. I said nothing. He again sang his song in an undertone, occasionally interrupting it with a loud shout ... Egor rode ahead of the herd.
- Eh! - Some kind of dreary groan escaped from him. I shuddered... Petruha stopped purring his "bearer" and scolded his gelding for some reason...
Eh ... not one, not one path in the field,
One went...
Egor pulled.
- What a voice! Petruha whispered to me.
She is a spruce tree, a small birch tree
She grew...
True, the voice was good: sonorous, viscous ...
Is it frequent, frequent, bitter aspen
She was covered...
... Only this voice was painfully melancholy and compassionate ... As if it was not a song he sang, but some kind of tearful complaint ... You listen, you listen to that song, it's about a path that ran across a wide, clean field , but it seems that it’s not about the track, but about life, untimely ruined, about the share of mediocre, about disgraced love ...
... Oh, sorry, goodbye, dear friend of the heart,
Farewell, be well...
If you find me better, you will forget me ...
If you find me worse, you will remember me...
You will remember!
boomed out of the grove ...
The herd passed along the dam. Somewhere through it, quietly murmuring, water seeped through... The deep sky with its stars was reflected in the pond... The buildings of the farm turned black before us. An old man's cough was heard, and a sleepy voice said:
- Are you guys?
- We, grandfather Tikhon! Petruha responded.
Grandfather Tikhon yawned and creaked the gates. I looked over the pond, at the steppe: a pale light embraced the sky in the east, the Stozhary began to fade, a light fog rose from the ground; The corncrake quacked sharply somewhere beyond the grove...
Something grey, cold, damp hung over the steppe...
- Let's go to sleep, sir! Petruha called me.
I followed him into the hayloft.
A year has passed.
A bleak, wet autumn has arrived. It rained incessantly. Grey, gloomy days stretched, dark, long nights. Snow was expected from day to day.
As I remember now: it was November 22, when I, on my way to Petersburg, was waiting for a train at one of the large cross stations. We had to wait a long time - eight hours. A bored crowd scurried about in the long wooden station; some slept on sofas, others drank tea, had a snack almost for the tenth time... Twilight reigned in the hall. A grey, wet day poured scant light through the large weeping windows.
Tired of walking up and down the hall, I stepped onto the platform. Outside it was even more unprepossessing, even more dreary - it wafted with dampness. A fine, cold rain was drizzling, dousing the open plank platform and drumming monotonously on the iron roof of the station. Grey, heavy clouds hung low over the earth; in the distance, behind the village, behind the muddy, undulating river, wide yellow-dirty fields stretched... Near the roadbed, between the sleepers, there were puddles; raindrops splashed monotonously in them, wrinkling and bubbling the dirty, muddy water. In a small garden adjoining the station, bare, black trees stood out forlornly... Yellow foliage lay along the paths. In the wet air it was quiet, not a sharp autumn wind blew. From the drainpipes, from the roof, water flowed loudly ... It was dripping from everything, everything was damp ... Nature seemed to be crying.
In the distance, beyond the station, a locomotive was maneuvering; thick steam swirled and hissed, spreading like a gray mist over the very earth and wrapping the nearby buildings. The whistle muffled and dull, as if reluctantly, cut through the condensed, moist air. (563)
Anguish overcame amid this gloomy, sour nature ... Sad thoughts climbed into my head ...
After walking a couple of times along the long slippery platform, I went back to the station and asked for coffee. The audience kept scurrying around the hall, dull, gloomy ... It became sickening, looking at the long, dreary faces ... The conversation was almost inaudible ... Only the monotonous sniffing of feet on the stone slabs of the floor, the rattling clatter of plates behind the sideboard, and fragmentary angry demands tea, coffee, vodka were heard in the hall ...
I had just started drinking coffee when a voice spoke above my ear:
- Are you Mr. N?
I looked around quickly. Before me stood an officer; the face seemed unfamiliar.
- What do you want? - I asked, very perplexed, - I really am N.
- Drushetsky... Remember, we met in Moscow?
- A ... Nikolai Danilych! I happily held out my hands to him.
A year ago we met him in a train car on the way to Moscow. He brought a party of soldiers to Tambov and from there returned through Moscow to Warsaw. In Moscow, he had to be for the first time, me too, hence the same interests. We decided to stop together and look around the "heart" of Russia. Drushetsky turned out to be a kind fellow, an intelligent observer, a cheerful conversationalist. Time passed imperceptibly with us, especially since there were only two days in total ...
I rejoiced at him. Remembered the past. They laughed at one comical episode that happened to us when examining Ivan the Great. They compared Gurin's cooking with station cooking. We acquainted each other with the news: he me with the Warsaw ones, I him with N-mi ...
How come I didn't see you before? I asked him.
- Yes, I met an officer I knew here - he is leading a party of prisoners, well, we went with him to the hotel, we played billiards ...
- Where is he?
- I went to visit my people. They are there, in the hall of the third class ... Yes, here he is! .. - Drushetsky nodded. (564)
I looked back. A young blond officer approached us. We met. It turned out to be some kind of Nosovich, Little Russian, naive, shy ... We began to walk around the station, and went into the third grade. In the depths of the hall of this class, the bayonets of the escorts gleamed; behind them were the clumsy robes of the prisoners; the clang of chains came from there... I went closer to the prisoners. My officers again went to the second class.
A low voice was heard in a group of prisoners. Someone told how he fled "from the settlement", from the Tobolsk province. The story was eagerly listened to. I noticed a pair of gray, shining eyes that followed the narrator intently. Those were the eyes of a grey-haired haggard old man. The guards yawned mercilessly and exchanged fragmentary phrases. I was about to turn to go, when suddenly a familiar face flashed among the exiles... In an instant, the memory of a summer night, of the Taneyev farm, flashed through my head, and even the Stozhars were remembered, extinguished in the pale dawn...
- Yegor! .. why did you get here? I almost screamed.
Yes, that was Egor. The large features of his swarthy face stood out sharply among the faces of his comrades. He lost a lot of weight and changed completely. Only the stern brown eyes seemed to burn even brighter, even more burning ... He reluctantly raised his eyes to me, and it was as if joy flashed in them; He apparently recognized me, got up and walked over to me. Chains rattled loudly on his feet. I extended my hand to him. The soldier dismissed me: "Not ordered," he said. Egor again sank down on the bench where he was sitting, waving his hand at me hopelessly. He said something at the same time, but I did not catch it ... I hastened to find Nosovich, who, of course, immediately gave me permission to speak with Yegor. Moreover, he even kindly allowed me to walk with Yegor on the platform, it is said that the young man was naive ... However, he was first convinced that Yegor was from the "lungs", he was going only to the "settlement", therefore, he was not "dangerous". ..
And so, to the accompaniment of the chains, we had a conversation with Yegor. A fine rain wet us, our feet slipped through the puddles formed on the platform ...
- What, master, probably did not expect me to meet someone chained? he asked me, smiling sadly. (565)
- How did it hurt you? I asked.
- Yes, everything is my villain - Mishka ... Wait a minute, I'll tell you everything in order ... I'll take my soul ... Do you remember, I told you then that Agafya wanted to see me? .. In those for some time I didn’t go, well, and then I couldn’t stand it - I saw it ... Well, one grief! It spills like a river, poor fellow... She's all exhausted... Oh, how he, the accursed one, won't stop loving her at all!... Gasha says to me, I’ve seen enough of her, my heart, - here Yegor’s voice trembled, - and decided ... I didn’t have to deal with it ... Only I managed to set fire to the barns, and then they caught me ... I made a mistake - I didn’t appease the dogs ... Well, I spent half a year in prison, and now they are being driven to the settlement ... They have also deprived us of some “rights,” Yegor grinned, “well, this must be one laugh: what rights our brother has! ..
Why didn't Agafya leave Parmenov?
- Go away, - he smiled bitterly, - the first thing is shame, she was a mistress, they won’t let you pass in the village - another thing - everything is added to the debt, and there, in the village, mother herself is a heel ... Here is one end - either into the water, or ... So she toils ... I wanted to get married to her, to leave here wherever my eyes look ... Mishka says to her: let your betrothed repay the debt ... But the debt , it's ridiculous to say, a hundred and thirty rubles has grown! .. Mother cries, burns, - I'll be lost, she says, without you ... Well, you know - a woman! he added after a slight thought. - It can be seen that this is how it should be ... It is written in the family ... It can be seen that indeed our path was "littered with a bitter aspen tree" ... - He grinned lazily.
Some kind of cold impassivity shone through in his speeches, - as if he froze. True, his voice trembled a couple of times and an evil smile sometimes twisted his thin lips, but I saw Yegor, a little over a year ago, sobbing, embittered ... Now that Yegor was gone. He somehow shrunk, concentrated ... Only his eyes shone feverishly, inflamed ... Two or three more wrinkles cut through his forehead, in some places gray hair became gray in his black, short-cropped hair ...
It was getting dark outside. Lanterns were lit at the entrance to the station, lights also appeared in the halls. The rain intensified and briskly (566) rustled on the iron roof. The alarm bell rang deafeningly - the train was one station behind. Nosovich appeared at the door with Drushetsky,
- What have you been talking about? Nosovich shouted to me.
- Would you like to tell something to your relatives? - I turned to Yegor, - I may be in your places.
He was animated, but only for a moment. The usual impassivity again took possession of him. He, apparently, even began to weigh my presence. There was no trace of the joy he showed when he met me...
- Why punish? - he reluctantly drawled, looking to the side, - it seems, there’s nothing ... Only, maybe you will see Agafya at Parmenov’s, - say, bows, they say ...
We said goodbye.
Five minutes later, with luggage in hand, everyone poured onto the platform. The rain was getting stronger; he was already thundering, and not rustling on the roof. Water dripped from our umbrellas. The approaching train rumbled heavily in the wet darkness, ominously sparkling with red round lanterns... As if a fairy-tale monster was approaching.
The second bell rang. Passengers hurried to take their seats. Fuss arose among them... The lean conductor ran along the train and shouted monotonously in a thin treble:
- Station Gr-i, the train stops fifteen minutes! ..
Sleepy passengers got out of the cars. (567)
COMMENTS
"Notes of Stepnyak" were originally published as separate essays in the journals "Bulletin of Europe", "Delo", " Russian wealth" from 1879 to 1883 in this order:
Two landowners - "Case", 1879, No. 11.
Night trip (in a separate edition of 1883 called "To the sound of a blizzard") - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. 2.
From one root - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. 2.
The accuser - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. 3.
Madman - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. 3.
The steppe side - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. 6.
Little man Signey and my neighbor Chukhvostikov - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. 6.
Vizgunovskaya economy - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. 9.
Barin Listarka - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. eleven.
My household - "Bulletin of Europe", 1880, book. eleven.
Serafim Ezhikov - "Bulletin of Europe", 1881, book. 2.
Krivorozhye - "Bulletin of Europe", 1881, book. 5,
Zholtikov - "Bulletin of Europe", 1881, book. 7.
Popleshka - "Bulletin of Europe", 1881, book. 7.
Lipyagi - "Bulletin of Europe", 1881, book. 9.
Zemets - "Russian wealth", 1881, No. 9.
Idyll - "Bulletin of Europe", 1881, book. 12.
Foreigner Lipatka and landowner Gudelkin - "Case", 1882, No. 2.
Officer - "Bulletin of Europe", 1882, book. 5.
Fragments (in a separate edition of 1883 called "Addio") - "Bulletin of Europe", 1882, book. 9.
The last times - "Case", 1882, No. 9.
Crocodile - "Case", 1883, No. 1. (571)
In 1883, "Stepnyak's Notes" came out as a separate edition (Stepnyak's Notes. Essays and stories by A. Ertel in two volumes, St. Petersburg, published by O. I. Bakst, 1883). In this edition, an introductory essay "My acquaintance with Baturin" appeared, uniting the entire cycle in the image of the narrator - Stepnyak Baturin.
The 1883 edition did not include "Crazy" and "Revealer", which were published earlier in the magazine as stories from the cycle "Stepnyak's Notes". The records found in the writer's archive testify that Ertel originally intended to include these stories in a separate edition of Stepnyak's Notes. The stories "Crazy" and "Revealer" are interesting for their sharp social orientation, because their heroes, who come from the people, in their own way try to protest against the injustices of life, in which the nobles and representatives of the growing Russian bourgeoisie rule, so we consider it necessary to introduce these readers' stories and publish them after the main composition of Stepnyak's Notes.
The edition of Stepnyak's Notes of 1883, the last lifetime edition, has some differences from the magazine edition. The author, preparing for publication a separate edition of his essays and stories, made a number of changes to them, mainly in the line of shortening the narrative text. The same text of the 1883 edition formed the basis of Stepnyak's Notes, published in the collected works of A. I. Ertel in seven volumes, published in 1909, after the writer's death.
"Stepnyak's Notes" in this edition are printed according to the text of the last lifetime edition of "Stepnyak's Notes" in 1883 with corrections according to the collected works (A. I. Ertel. Collected Works, vols. 1 and 2, M., Moscow. Book publishing, 1909 ). For corrections, sometimes the first journal edition is taken into account, as well as handwritten autographs stored in the Ertel archive in Moscow, in the library. V. I. Lenin (fund 349) and in the TsGALI, and in Leningrad in the IRLI of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
MY ACQUAINTANCE WITH BATURIN
A handwritten draft autograph entitled "Baturinsky Form" (bibl. named after V. I. Lenin) makes it possible to establish that "My acquaintance with Baturin" was written by Ertel in 1882, when he lived on a farm in Gryaznush. (572)
Judging by the letter to Ertel of the editor of Vestnik Evropy, M. M. Stasyulevich, dated December 30, 1882, in which he expresses his opinion on the biography of Baturin, A. I. Ertel obviously intended to place it in Vestnik Evropy, but M M. Stasyulevich refused Ertel, believing that Baturin's biography should have been more developed, and in this form in the journal "will occupy a completely lonely position" (f. 349, folder XVIII) units. ridge 93).
I. STEPPE SIDE
Written in February - March 1880 in St. Petersburg. Initially, when A. I. Ertel did not yet think of combining Stepnyak’s Notes with the image of Stepnyak Baturin, he intended to open the book “The Steppe Side”. "The Steppe Side" should serve as a preface to Stepnyak's Notes and be placed first," he notes in his notebook (f. 349, folder XIV, item 1).
II. UNDER THE NOISE OF THE blizzard
The story was written in February 1878 in Olkhovka. It was published during the life of A. I. Ertel three times - in the "Bulletin of Europe" (1880, book 2), in a separate edition of "Stepnyak's Notes" in 1883, and, in addition, together with the story "Officer" in the publication of "Russian Thought" in 1901 (series "New Library"). Its title has changed several times. The original title of the story, judging by the surviving autograph, is "Steppe Encounters". It was sent to Stasyulevich under the title "Passion-Bearers", Stasyulevich called it "Night Journey", and, finally, in a separate edition of Stepnyak's Notes, Ertel titled it "To the Sound of a Blizzard". (In Ertel’s papers, another story with the same title “Under the sound of a blizzard” was preserved. Its content has nothing to do with “Night Trip”. The story is bright, very bold, depicting the protest of the peasantry against oppression. Obviously, it could not be printed because for its "obscene language", and, realizing this, Ertel gave its title to another of his stories, similar in ideological sound.)
The version of the story "Steppe Meetings" preserved in the manuscript is much fuller than the printed text and is of great interest: it clearly sounds the theme of the great moral strength of the Russian people, which no government repressions could bend. Despite the fact that this (573) autograph cannot be called white, since it alternates cleanly rewritten pages with crossed out ones, it still makes it possible to make corrections and additions to the printed text. So, for example, in all available editions of the story "Under the Sound of a Blizzard" the walker's conversation with the watchman is printed with the preservation of an error that, through no fault of Ertel, crept into the text of lifetime editions. The walker tells that the forest was once "secured" by Tsarina Catherine for the peasants, but then it was "recaptured". The attempts of the peasants to return the forest did not lead to anything, and the walker motivates this with such a strange argument: “They were completely ruined ... We know it ... If someone else had captured, you look, and would have taken ours ... " The question arises: who captured peasant forest? Not a word is said about this anywhere. The handwritten autograph gives the answer to this question: the "treasury" seized the forest from the peasants. Obviously, the accusation of the treasury of ruining the peasants was recognized as "obscene" and Stasyulevich himself or the censor crossed out the word "treasury" everywhere, which led to the nonsense that we encounter in all printed publications. The word "treasury" in this edition is restored throughout in accordance with Ertel's manuscript (f. 349, folder I, item 4 A2).
The ability to restore the censorship pass on the basis of this manuscript gives reason to believe that this handwritten autograph corresponds to the version of the story that was sent to Ertel Stasyulevich and printed in a mutilated, truncated form in the magazine.
Based on this handwritten autograph, a very important picture of the execution, which was subjected to the peasants who rebelled in 1861, after the announcement of "freedom", is restored from this handwritten autograph. These lines of the story, which are absent in the printed text, give it a different color, depict an active protest of the peasantry against the so-called "liberation" carried out in the interests of the landowners. The restored page of the manuscript was rewritten by Ertel.
Who crossed out the most powerful, incriminating pages from the story? Maybe the censor did it, but maybe Stasyulevich himself. His unpublished correspondence with Ertel about Stepnyak's Notes once again depicts him as an extremely cautious person.
In a letter dated January 14, 1880, M. M. Stasyulevich writes to Ertel about the "obscene nature" of his story and that he changed its title: "To the Passion-Bearers" I changed the title for reasons "not dependent on the editorial board", in fact speaking, at the present (574) current moment this story is not very convenient here in itself, - and the more aggravating title, it will come out under the title "Night Trip". This is much easier, and without any pointing finger at what should not be pointed out "(f. 349, folder XVIII, item 13). As can be seen from this letter, Stasyulevich does not even ask Ertel's permission, but simply changes title of the story There is no doubt that he did not confine himself to changing the title in this story, "not very convenient" for reasons of censorship.
Stasyulevich corrected Ertel's work even when he was no longer a novice author. For example, on December 2, 1882, he writes to Ertel about the "Volkhonskaya young lady": "You give me the right to soften" hard "objects, and, due to censorship circumstances, completely eliminate them, and where necessary, cover with gas ... I cannot be your enemy without becoming an enemy of the journal" (f. 349, folder XVIII, item 13).
Ertel's unpublished correspondence with Zasodimsky, Stasyulevich and other writers, as well as with his relatives - his father, wife, shows that many of Ertel's works were recognized by his addressees as "obscene" and, without reaching the censor, were sent back to the writer due to their "inconvenience" for print. In a letter dated January 21, 1882, Ertel tells, for example, his future wife, Maria Vasilievna Ogarkova, about how M. M. Stasyulevich once came to him: “He urged me to write more carefully. March book, called it "sharp" and said that he was unlikely to go ... And indeed, in the March book of Vestnik Evropy, no story by A. I. Ertel was placed. "You can't imagine how badly life is. Oppression on the press, oppression on society - responds in everyone with a dull pain ..." - Ertel confesses to M. V. Ogarkova with deep sorrow.
III. FROM ONE ROOT
The story was written in Petersburg in October 1879. The handwritten autograph was not found.
IV. TWO LANDMANS
The essay was written in St. Petersburg in November 1879. Unpublished letters to A. I. Ertel from Ivan Vasilyevich Fedotov, the father of his first wife, as well as some notes of Ertel himself (575) indicate that many of the characters in his essays and stories from the Stepnyak’s Notes cycle had real prototypes, which in most Ertel's stories were formed on the basis of the study of actual events and characters, they were not "composed". I. V. Fedotov wrote to Ertel: “Those numbers of the journals where your essays are placed, the Usmans eagerly tear each other from each other ...”, since the Usmans are waiting for new revelations from Ertel (f. 349, folder XIX, sing. 3/40).
Fedotov speaks of the very concrete prototypes of the "two landowners" drawn by Ertel in his essay. "Karpetkin, probably the dearest I. V. Mernsky," writes Fedotov (f. 349, folder XIX, item 3/34). Fedotov informs Ertel that the essay "excited the whole cesspool to the bottom - embittered Merch., And Khrap., And the whole vile clique of brainless donkeys, and pricked up their donkey ears in anticipation of new blows from the literary scourge ..." Fedotov writes to Ertel about that , that one of their mutual acquaintances has already said in connection with "Two landowners": "you invite a horde of villains in the form of landowners: the Kolotushkins of the Usmansky district" (f. 349, folder XIX, item 3/41) . At the same time, it would be wrong to look for a complete portrait resemblance between the characters in Ertel's stories and essays and the inhabitants of the Usman district, who in one way or another were the prototypes of his heroes. Starting from the facts known to him, observing well-known people, Ertel strove to create typical images.
V. THE MAN SIGNY AND MY NEIGHBOR CHUKHVOSTIKOV
The story was written in St. Petersburg in March 1880. Judging by the draft autograph, the original title of the story was Signey the Man. Ertel then transferred the beginning of the first version of the story to the "Steppe side".
VI. VIZGUNOVSKAYA ECONOMY
The place of writing the essay is a farm on Gryaznush. It was completed in July 1880. "Vizgunovskaya economy" was published in a magazine with a dedication to Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky, in a separate edition this dedication was removed. Judging by the manuscript, the original name was "Kazakhchikov's son". (576)
In the list of "Supposed Essays from Stepnyak's Notes", preserved in Ertel's memorial book, he outlined the plan and plot of the essay: "His love for a peasant girl. Then marriage to a stupid petty-bourgeois woman," noted the need to give "pictures of nature: deep autumn, near the river..." Vsevolodov". Obviously, he had in mind a specific prototype of the hero - the son of the clerk Parmen.
Sending M. M. Stasyulevich "Vizgunovskaya ekonomiya" for the September issue of Vestnik Evropy, Ertel wrote: "I myself am pleased with him and not. This essay looks at me like a wolf, or a fox ..." (TsGALI, f. 1167 , item 75, inventory 1, No. 4316). Ertel approached his works with great exactingness, he was, as he himself said, merciless towards himself. He considered it necessary for a writer to look up to the great masters - Leo Tolstoy, Turgenev, Gogol, Saltykov-Shchedrin.
VII. MASTER LISTARKA
Place and date of writing - Usman, 1880, September 14. Regarding this essay, Ertel noted in his notebook: "When interpreting the character of Lord Listarka, one should not forget the influence on this character that the post-reform difficult relations caused." The autograph has not survived.
VIII. MY HOUSEHOLD
Ertel indicates the date of writing this essay - September 24, 1880 in Usman.
In Ertel's archive, only small sketches of "My Household" have been preserved.
IX. SERAFIM EZHIKOV
The story was written in Usman on December 13, 1880. The handwritten department of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR has a white autograph of the story, which basically corresponds to lifetime editions. All corrections in the printed text were made (577) according to this manuscript (IRLI, Manuscript department, f. 250, item 594).
Ertel hesitated in choosing the surname of the protagonist and the title of the story. In the plan "Supposed Essays from Stepnyak's Notes", Ertel first called the story he had conceived - "Eccentric", then "Seraphim Chudakov", until, finally, he settled on the name of the hero - Serafim Ezhikov, which became the name of the story. Apparently, Ertel gave this story great importance. Here is what he wrote on November 5, 1880 to M. M. Stasyulevich: “I now have half the essay from Stepnyak’s Notes ready. , and leave the village. To tear a plant from the soil means to destroy it, and Serafim Yezhikov perishes. They pulled him out of the soil - the village because he somewhat broadly understood the calling of the people's teacher: he did not refuse to write a request to the peasants against the kulak, did not refuse to explain to them this or that illegality of a clerk, foreman, priest, etc. Despite the fact that his activity was legal in the strictest sense of the word, he was kicked out as unintentional. the latter will be indicated for me with only one phrase at the end of the story, and for the rest I try to be very careful, I hope that I will avoid Scylla and Charybdis. yu on the 20th of this month..." (TsGALI, f. 1167, unit ridge 75, inventory 1, sheet. eight).
Very interesting is Ertel's indication of the completion of Ezhikov's activities on the paths of "bad intention" and the need, in view of censorship obstacles - "Scylla and Charybdis" - to designate this topic with only one phrase. But even this one phrase was not left in the story. We learn about future fate Ezhikov from "Idyll" and "Addio".
Answering Ertel about the Seraphim Yezhikov sent by him for publication in Vestnik Evropy, A. N. Pypin spoke positively about the story, noted the importance of the type of Seraphim Yezhikov, saying that he was "very characteristic and new." In addition, Pypin noted that "very good and very necessary" are those "somewhat broader remarks" about contemporary Russian reality, to which the story gives rise (f. 349, folder XVII, No. 8, letter dated January 6, 1881) . (578)
Indeed, Ertel's story about the tragic fate of the people's teacher, whose noble work was already doomed to failure, gave rise to deep and sad judgments about the lack of rights of Russian intellectuals like Yezhikov, whom the tsarist government considered possible to persecute if only for the mere fact that they read Mill!
Having shown all the limitations of the populist illusions of Serafim Yezhikov, Ertel, at the same time, painted with deep sympathy the image of this extremely an honest man selflessly devoted to the interests of the people.
X. ZEMETS
We do not find the exact date of writing "Zemets" in Ertel's letters and notebooks, but it was obviously conceived back in 1878, because in Ertel's "Memorial Book" for 1878, in the list of "Supposed Essays from Stepnyak's Notes" we we find under the XXII number "Zemets" with an indication of the prototype of his hero - "Demshinsky Alexander Ivanov" (f. 349, No. 2).
In a letter to his father dated November 5, 1881, Ertel asks: "How did you like my "Zemets" ... In it I took some features from the Demshinsky vowel Alexander Ivanych" (f. 349, folder X, item 24).
In this story, Ertel managed to show the reactionary nature of the institution of zemstvo vowels in pre-revolutionary Russia, which was determined by the composition of vowels. The working population was eliminated from the elections - the vowels were elected by landowners, persons who had real estate.
Contemporaries appreciated not only the typical image of the vowel Onesimus, created by Ertel, but also other advantages of the story "Zemets", in particular, the poetic depiction of Russian nature. Ertel's skill as a landscape painter was noted by everyone who wrote about him, Chekhov and Korolenko spoke about this. An enthusiastic assessment of Ertel's ability to see and convey " wildlife"we find in the review of the editor of the journal" Russian wealth "N. F. Bazhin, in his letter, in which he thanks Ertel for sending the story" Zemets "to the journal: "Zemets" is a pretty little thing. I love descriptions of nature so little that I usually let them through wherever they come across to me, but in your Zemets they are a completely different article: they are so excellent (579) that they even bear little resemblance to the description ... It seems that as if you yourself go to the steppe and you see and hear everything that happens in it, and you breathe not at all the filthy room air, but that steppe air ... They say that some of our writers have good descriptions of nature - I don’t know ; there are beautiful ones, that's for sure, but I saw living nature transferred to the pages of a book only in you ... "(f. 349, folder XI, no. 9/1-4).
Algorithm for completing task A 9. What words are the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts complex sentence text? 1) all are written (sentence 2) 2) it manifested itself (sentence 4) 3) gave way (sentence 5) 4) matters (sentence 6) We highlight the grammatical foundations in sentences 2, 4, 5, 6.
(2) All scientific writings then were written mainly in this language, although it was not understood by most peoples. (4) This was especially evident in the languages of the Romance group, which formed after the collapse of the Roman Empire. (5) With the development of national languages in European countries, Latin gave way to them in science. (6) ... Latin terminology is still extremely important.
In the first answer (all are written), the grammatical basis is highlighted incorrectly 2) In the third and fourth (it has given way and is important), the grammatical basis is not fully indicated. 3) The correct answer is 2 1)
In 4 Among sentences 26 -35, find a complex one, part of which is (which includes) a one-part impersonal sentence. Write the number of this offer. Among sentences 10-17, find one-part definitely personal sentences. Write the numbers of these proposals.
Remember! Carefully read the instructions for filling out the answers of part B. When listing words and numbers, you must separate them with a comma B 4 1 0, 1 3, 1 7
In order to successfully complete tasks A 9 and B 4, it is necessary first of all to correctly isolate the grammatical basis of the sentence! A sentence is the basic unit of syntax, which has a grammatical basis and is a means of communication. The sentence has a semantic completeness, is the minimum unit of the statement.
The subject is the main member of the sentence, which denotes the subject referred to in the sentence, and answers the question who? what? I love the Fatherland, but with a strange love. Her walks last a fraction.
Ways of expressing the subject By morning, the tired tourists returned to the hotel. The noun in them. n. The vacationers received the Holy Communion, adjective, keys and went to their rooms. pronoun used in the meaning of a noun Someone wanted to drink coffee. Pronoun in them. n. Resting on this island is hard work. Infinitive And your obedient servant prefers less extreme rest. Phraseologism The Mediterranean Sea is constantly Proper name attracts our compatriots. Several tourists sipped coffee at the bar. Syntactically indivisible phrase
The predicate is the main member of the sentence, which denotes the sign of the subject (action, state, property, sign of the object) and answers the questions: what does the object do? what happens to him? what is he? who is he? what is he?
A simple verbal predicate is expressed by one verb in the form of some mood; lexical and grammatical meaning in a simple verbal predicate it is expressed in one word. I sing. I used to sing. I will always sing! You bring a map with you. In the sports section, you would train more regularly.
Compound verbal predicate auxiliary verb + infinitive The wind began to intensify. She doesn't want to leave. I have to write every day. Auxiliary verb - grammatical signs (mood, tense, person, number; in the form of past tense - gender) Infinitive - the action itself
In the role of an auxiliary verb, the verbs are able, want, wish, decide, order, ask, be afraid, love, hope, start, continue, finish, stop 2) special short forms adjectives glad, ready, obliged, must 3) combination short adjective with a bunch to be (I would be glad) and phraseological combinations (to have a desire, to have an intention) 1)
Compound nominal predicate Linking verb + nominal part (noun, adjective, participle, numeral, adverb, pronoun, indivisible phrase) I was upset, she was cheerful. The house looked like a fairy tale.
In the role of a linking verb 1) the verb to be The night was cold. The night is cold. 2) verbs become, become, become, appear, seem, be called The night seemed cold.
1. Underline the subject, indicate how it is expressed. Set up punctuation marks. None of us slept that night. Children without education are more unhappy than orphans. Huge sad eyes looked at me attentively. 4) Everyone knows how difficult it is sometimes to forgive an offense. 5) The air is permeated with spring freshness. 6) People and animals, not finding a place for themselves, rushed about in anguish. 7) To love means to fight and win. 8) Everyone kept looking down. 9) One hundred and sixty people went into the unknown. 10) Several people were carefully examining the picture. 11) The dancers danced merrily and provocatively. 12) "History of Peter" the first historical work of A. S. Pushkin. 1) 2) 3)
2. Find the predicate different types, underline them, indicate how they are expressed. Set up punctuation marks. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) I was impatiently waiting for the summer, watching its approach according to signs well known to me. The earliest herald of summer was the striped sack. He was pulled out of a huge camphor-scented chest and a pile of canvas jackets and panties was thrown onto him for fitting. I had to stand in one place for a long time, take it off, put it on again, take it off and put it on again, and they twisted me up, stabbed me through and let me go - “half a vershochka”. I was sweating and fidgeting, and behind the frames that had not yet been set, poplar branches swayed with buds golden from glue, and the sky was joyfully blue.
3. Find predicates of different types, underline them. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) He started to run at full speed. I don't intend to wait for you any longer. He was glad to rest. Are you ready to explain your thoughtless act? There was a snowy white plain. The road is filled with moonlight. The conversation grew noisier by the hour. The cherry orchard is mine now. He was twelve inches tall.
4. Write out the grammatical basis of the sentence 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Let them leave Godunov. The monkey decided to work. I'm definitely wooden now. The sun would grow dim, seeing our souls golden placers! Landscape in literature usually plays an auxiliary role. Let everything be your way around. Here in my homeland the grass is up to the shoulders. Managing people means foreseeing. There is simplicity necessary condition beautiful.
5. Emphasize grammatical basics, place punctuation marks. The door to the chamber, upholstered in black oilcloth, swung open and a bearded man with a backpack over his shoulders stepped out. 2) For sixteen years she was a class lady at the Institute for Noble Maidens and enjoyed the exclusive respect of all the authorities. 3) There were no more instructions and Misha pushed the door into the upper room. 4) The lanterns were far apart from each other and Misha's shadow grew to an unimaginable size. 5) The golden-light west has cleared and opened its arms to weary travelers. 6) The last houses were already asleep and blindly staring at the traveler with dark windows. 7) He sat down in the usual place to the left of the piano and played some strange long sad songs. 8) The woman worked as a librarian in a technical school and she could not be suspected of excessive superstitions. 9) The fat man had no listeners except Misha and he turned to him with a question. 10) The water froze in them and the moon shone in every puddle. one)
Two-part sentences are sentences in which there are two main members necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence - both the subject and the predicate. At the beginning of the 20th century, the government canceled the election of M. Gorky as an academician.
One-part sentences are sentences in which there is only one main member of the sentence necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence - the subject or the predicate. The second main member of the sentence is not needed to understand the meaning of the sentence. As you get older, you begin to understand the criticisms of your parents.
Types of one-part sentences Nominal (with the main member - subject) Verbal (with the main member - predicate) Name sentences Autumn. Morning. Good morning. 1) Definitely-personal Will you call me? 2) vaguely personal Knock on the door. 3) impersonal sentences It is getting dark. 4) generalized-personal If you like to ride - love to carry sleds.
Nominative sentences These are one-part sentences in which the main member (subject) is expressed by a noun in the nominative case. These sentences affirm the existence (presence, existence) of objects or phenomena. Autumn. Fairy-tale palace, open to everyone for review. A clearing of forest roads Looking into the lakes. (B. Pasternak)
Definitely personal sentence This is a one-part sentence with a predicate-verb in the form of 1 and 2 persons. Since the verb endings in these forms definitely indicate the person and number of pronouns (I, you, we, you), the subject in such sentences is not necessary. The subject here is easily restored by substituting pronouns, and the sentences themselves can be converted into two-part sentences. Learn my son! Science shortens Us the experiences of fast-flowing life.
Indefinite personal sentences are one-part sentences with a predicate in the form of 3 l. plural hours (present and weekdays) or in the form of plural. h past. temp. In such sentences, the action itself is important, and faces are thought indefinitely. The windows on the veranda of the neighboring house were replaced.
Generalized personal sentences are one-part sentences whose actions refer to a generalized person. Main Member sentences - usually a verb of 2 persons singular. h (less often - 3 persons plural) This type includes proverbs, sayings, aphorisms. You can't fill a bottomless barrel with water.
Impersonal sentences These are one-part sentences with a predicate-verb, in which there is not and cannot be a subject (the form of the predicate does not indicate the actor). In such sentences, the state of nature and man is reported. Refreshed. I have nothing to worry about.
DEFINITELY PERSONAL INDEFINITELY PERSONAL GENERALIZED PERSONAL verb in the form of 1 or 2 person indicative; imperative verb 3rd person plural verb h. or bud. temp. verb in past form temp. pl. h. verb in the form of 2 l. units h. (LESS) verb in the form of 3 l. pl. h.
Forms of expression of the predicate in an impersonal sentence 1) An impersonal verb (evening, unwell, dusk, etc.) It is already dawning. 2) Personal verb in the meaning of the impersonal It smells of hay over the meadows. 3) Infinitive You will not see such battles. 4) Brief passive participle of the neuter gender. So much thought, so little done. 5) Adverb with the meaning of the state. In heaven solemnly and wonderfully! 6) Negative word NO There are no clouds in the sky.
Incomplete sentences These are sentences in which a member is omitted, easily recovered from the context. Usually a dash is placed in place of the gap. I took a step towards the road, he is behind me. It is necessary to distinguish two-part incomplete from one-part!
6. Write down the text. Emphasize grammatical basics. Find one-part sentences, write out their numbers, determine the type. Set up punctuation marks. (1) A year has passed. (2) A bad wet autumn has come. (3) It rained incessantly. (4) Grey, gloomy days dragged on, dark long nights. (5) From day to day they were waiting for snow. (6) As I remember now, it was November 22 when I was waiting for a train on my way to St. Petersburg at one of the large cross stations. (7) It took a long time to wait 8 hours. (8) In a long wooden station, a bored audience scurried about, some slept on sofas, others drank tea, ate almost the tenth time ... (9) Twilight reigned in the hall. (10) A gray wet day poorly poured light into the large weeping windows. (11) Getting bored of walking up and down the hall, I went out to the platform. (12) In the yard it was even more unprepossessing, more dreary breathed with dampness. (13) A fine cold rain drizzled, dousing the open plank platform and monotonously drumming on the iron roof of the station. (14) It was quiet in the wet air ... (A. Ertel)
7. Make definite personal sentences, putting the verbs in the correct form. Underline the predicates, indicate how they are expressed. Sample: Forget. - Forget about the trouble! Познакомиться. Get up. Get ready. Rest. Sing. Quit. Leave. Be in love. Choose. To be.
8. Make indefinite personal sentences, putting the verbs in the correct form. Underline the predicates, indicate how they are expressed. Sample: Make noise. - Noise in the audience! Recall. Erect. Send. Manufacture. Spend. Fall asleep. Talk. Write. Permit. Build.
9. Remember the proverbs and make generalized personal sentences, putting the verbs in the right form. Underline the predicates, indicate how they are expressed. Sample: Read. - A smart head is revered from a young age. 1) Take out (labor) 2) Ride (sleigh) 3) Feed (nightingale) 4) Do not cut down (axe) 5) Do not catch (sparrow) 6) Protect (honor) 7) Wave (fists) 8) Sow (storm) 9) Meet (clothing) 10) Hurry (business)
10. Replace two-part sentences with synonymous one-part impersonal ones. Underline the predicates, indicate how they are expressed. Example: He can't sleep. - He can't sleep. 1) We won't be able to leave today. 2) I was assigned to write an article for a magazine. 3) Are you bored? 4) Can I enter? 5) The room is clean and comfortable. 6) The exhibition will be interesting. 7) Green spaces around the house. 8) Smoke stings eyes. 9) Something rustles in the grass. 10) At the meeting, we talked about the prospects for work. 11) Evening is coming. 12) It was frosty in the morning. 13) I did not take any money with me. 14) The father is not feeling well. 15) Dawn will come soon.
Read the sentences. Point out cases of incorrect characterization of sentences. 1. My eyes darkened. One-part indefinitely personal 2. If you write it - you won't erase it, if you let it out - you won't catch it. Difficult sentence; consists of 2 parts; each part is a one-component generalized-personal 3. The school is waiting for the start of the exams. Two-part sentence 4. Heat ... One-part, impersonal 5. The room is stuffy. One-part definitely personal 6. Not a soul around! One-part impersonal 7. Silence! Two-part incomplete 8. If you want to know the truth, start with the ABC. Difficult sentence; from 2 parts; 1 - definitely personal, 2 - generalized personal 9. Will you drink tea? Two-part incomplete 10. Everything is light around. One-part impersonal
Test in USE format. B 4. Among sentences 1 - 4, find a complex one that includes a one-part impersonal sentence. Write the number of this offer. (1) On the scales of time, life weighs mercy and cruelty, pain and shamelessness. (2) And only he is rightfully called a man who is kind not only to his own, but to all, whose love is disinterested, and the deed is not imaginary. (3) If we test ourselves with this truth, then we can perhaps save our childhood. (4) One must be ashamed, startled, atone for sins and commit an act. (A. Likhanov)
Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) In winter and summer, autumn and spring, the Russian forest is good.
2) The performance turned out to be funny and instructive and relevant.
3) Gray gloomy days and long nights dragged on.
5) The bell cries loudly and laughs and squeals.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
1) The Russian forest is good in winter and summer, autumn and spring.
2) The performance turned out to be funny, and instructive, and relevant.
3) Gray, gloomy days and long nights dragged on.
4) Old and young still laugh at the adventures of the hero Alexander Demyanenko.
5) The bell cries loudly, and laughs, and squeals.
One comma must be placed:
in the first sentence: it separates two pairs of homogeneous members of the sentence;
in the third: homogeneous members are connected with the help of intonation.
The correct answer is numbered 1 and 3.
Answer: 13|31
Relevance: 2016-2017
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Punctuation marks in SSP and a sentence with homogeneous members
Rule: Task 16. Punctuation marks in SSP and in a sentence with homogeneous members
PUNCUNCATION IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE AND IN A SENTENCE WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
In this task, knowledge of two punctograms is tested:
1. Commas in a simple sentence with homogeneous members.
2. Commas in a compound sentence, parts of which are connected by coordinating unions, in particular, the union I.
Target: find TWO sentences in which you need to put ONE comma in each. Not two, not three (and this happens!) commas, but one. In this case, it is necessary to indicate the numbers of those sentences where the missing comma was PLACED, since there are such cases that the sentence already has a comma, for example, with adverbial turnover. We don't count it.
You should not look for commas at various turns, introductory words and in NGN: according to the specification, only three indicated punctograms are checked in this task. If the sentence needs commas for other rules, they will already be placed
The correct answer will be two numbers, from 1 to 5, in any sequence, without commas and spaces, for example: 15, 12, 34.
Legend:
OC - homogeneous members.
SSP is a compound sentence.
The task execution algorithm should be as follows:
1. Determine the number of bases.
2. If the sentence is simple, then we find ALL series of homogeneous terms in it and turn to the rule.
3. If there are two bases, then this is a complex sentence, and each part is considered separately (see paragraph 2).
Do not forget that homogeneous subjects and predicates do NOT create a complex, but a simple complicated sentence.
15.1 PUNICATION WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
Homogeneous members of a sentence are those members that answer the same question and refer to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members of a sentence (both main and secondary) are always connected by a coordinating link, with or without a union.
For example: In the Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson, S. Aksakov describes both summer and winter pictures of Russian nature with truly poetic enthusiasm.
AT this proposal there is one series of OCs, these are two homogeneous definitions.
In one sentence there can be several rows of homogeneous members. Yes, in the proposal Soon a heavy downpour hit and covered with the noise of rain streams and gusts of wind, and the moans of a pine forest. two rows: two predicates, hit and covered; two additions, gusts and groans.
note: each row of OC has its own punctuation rules.
Consider various schemes of sentences with OC and formulate the rules for setting commas.
15.1.1. A number of homogeneous members, connected ONLY by intonation, without unions.
General scheme: OOO .
Rule: if two or more OCs are connected only by intonation, a comma is placed between them.
Example: yellow, green, red apples.
15.1.2 Two homogeneous members are connected by the union AND, YES (in the meaning of AND), OR, OR
General scheme: O and/yes/either/or O .
Rule: if two EPs are connected by a single union AND / YES, a comma is not put between them.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and red apples.
Example 2: Everywhere she was met cheerfully and friendly..
Example 3: Only you and I will stay in this house.
Example 4: I will cook rice with vegetables or pilaf .
15.1.3 Last OC added by union I.
General scheme: O , O and O .
Rule: If the last homogeneous member is joined by the union and, then a comma is not placed in front of it.
Example: The still life depicts yellow, green and red apples.
15.1.4. There are more than two homogeneous members and the union And repeated at least twice
Rule: For various combinations of allied (clause 15.1.2) and non-union (clause 15.1.1) combination of homogeneous members of the proposal, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members and the union And is repeated at least twice, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous members
General scheme: Oh, and Oh, and Oh.
General scheme: and O, and O, and O.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and green and red apples.
Example 2: The still life depicts and yellow and green and red apples.
More complex examples:
Example 3: From the house, from the trees, and from the dovecote, and from the gallery- long shadows ran far away from everything.
Two unions and four points. Comma between OCH.
Example 4: It was sad in the spring air, and in the darkening sky, and in the car. Three unions and, three och. Comma between OCH.
Example 5: Houses and trees and sidewalks were covered in snow. Two unions and, three och. Comma between OCH.
Note that there is no comma after the last EP, because it is not between the OC, but after it.
It is this scheme that is often perceived as erroneous and non-existent, keep this in mind when completing the task.
note: this rule only works if the union AND is repeated in one row of OC, and not in the entire sentence.
Consider examples.
Example 1: In the evenings they gathered at the table children and adults and read aloud. How many rows? Two: children and adults; gathered and read. The union is not repeated in each row, it is used once. Therefore, commas are NOT put according to rule 15.1.2.
Example 2: In the evening Vadim went to his room and sat down reread letter and write a response. Two rows: left and sat down; sat down (why? for what purpose?) to re-read and write.
15.1.5 Homogeneous members are connected by the union A, BUT, YES (= but)
Scheme: O, a / no / yes O
Rule: In the presence of the union A, BUT, YES (=but), commas are put.
Example 1: The student writes quickly, but sloppily.
Example 2: The baby no longer whimpered, but wept uncontrollably.
Example 3: Small spool but precious .
15.1.6 With homogeneous members, unions are repeated NO NO; NOT THAT, NOT THAT; THAT, THAT; OR EITHER; OR OR
Scheme: O, or O, or O
Rule: with a double repetition of other unions (except And) neither, nor; not that, not that; then, then; or either; or, or a comma is always placed:
Example 1: And the old man paced the room, now humming psalms in an undertone, now impressively instructing his daughter.
Please note that there are also homogeneous circumstances and additions in the proposal, but we do not single them out for a clearer picture.
There is no comma after the predicate “paced”! But if instead of the union AND THAT, AND THAT would be just AND, there were three commas (according to rule 15.1.4)
15.1.7. With homogeneous members, there are double alliances.
Rule: With double unions, a comma is placed before its second part. These are unions both ... and; not only but; not so much... how much; how... so much; although... but; if not... then; not that ... but; not that ... but; Not only not, but rather... than others.
Examples: I have an assignment how from the judge So equals and from all our friends.
Green was Not only great landscape painter and storyteller, but It was still and very subtle psychologist.
Mother not that angry, but she was still dissatisfied.
There are fogs in London if not everyday , then in a day for sure.
He was not so much upset , How many surprised by the situation.
Please note that each part of the double union is BEFORE OC, which is very important to consider when completing task 7 (type “error on homogeneous members”), we have already met with these unions.
15.1.8. Often homogeneous members are connected in pairs
General scheme: Scheme: O and O, O and O
Rule: When combining secondary members of a sentence in pairs, a comma is placed between the pairs (the union AND acts locally, only within groups):
Example1: Alleys planted with lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars led to a wooden platform.
Example 2: The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the past day and the day to come.
Example 3: Books on geography and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria.
15.1.9.They are not homogeneous, therefore they are not separated by commas:
A number of repetitions that have an intensifying shade are not homogeneous members.
And the snow came and went.
Simple compound predicates are also not homogeneous.
He said so, I'll go check it out.
Phraseologisms with repeated unions are not homogeneous members
Neither this nor that, neither fish nor meat; neither light nor dawn; neither day nor night
If the offer contains heterogeneous definitions, which stand in front of the word being explained and characterize one object from different sides, it is impossible to insert a union between them and.
A sleepy golden bumblebee suddenly rose from the depths of the flower.
15.2. PUNCIATION MARKS IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE
Compound sentences are complex sentences in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and connected by coordinating unions. The parts of a compound sentence do not depend on each other and form one semantic whole.
Example: Three times he wintered in Mirny, and each time returning home seemed to him the limit of human happiness.
Depending on the type of the coordinating union that connects the parts of the sentence, all compound sentences (CSP) are divided into three main categories:
1) SSP with connecting unions (and; yes in the meaning of and; neither ... nor; also; also; not only ..., but also; both ..., and);
2) BSC with divisive unions (that ..., then; not that ..., not that; or; or; either ..., or);
3) SSP with opposing unions (a, but, yes in the sense of but, however, but, but, only, same).
15.2.1 The basic rule for setting a comma in the SSP.
A comma between parts of a complex sentence is placed according to the basic rule, that is, ALWAYS, with the exception of special conditions that limit the effect of this rule. These conditions are discussed in the second part of the rule. In any case, in order to determine whether a sentence is complex, it is necessary to find its grammatical foundations. What should be taken into account in this case:
a) Not always every simple sentence can have both a subject and a predicate. So, frequency sentences with one impersonal part, with the predicate in indefinite personal offer. For example: He had a lot of work to do, and he knew it.
Scheme: [to be], and [he knew].
The doorbell rang and no one moved.
Scheme: [they called], and [no one moved].
b) The subject can be expressed by pronouns, both personal and other categories: I suddenly heard a painfully familiar voice, and it brought me back to life.
Scheme: [I heard ] and [it returned ]. Don't lose a pronoun as a subject if it duplicates the subject from the first part! These are two sentences, each with its own basis, for example: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests, and he was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.
Scheme: [The artist was familiar], and [he was surprised]. Compare with a similar construction in a simple sentence: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests and was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.[O Skaz and O Skaz].
c) Since a complex sentence consists of two simple ones, it is likely that each of them can have homogeneous members in its composition. Commas are placed both according to the rule of homogeneous members, and according to the rule of a compound sentence. For example: Leaves crimson, gold fell silently to the ground, and the wind circled them in the air and tossed them up. Sentence scheme: [Leaves fell], and [wind O Skaz and O Skaz].
15.2.2 Special conditions for setting signs in a compound sentence
AT school course of the Russian language, the only condition under which a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence is the presence common minor member.
The most difficult thing for students is to understand if there is common minor member of a sentence, which will give the right not to put a comma between the parts, or it does not exist. General means referring to both the first part and the second part at the same time. If there is a common member, a comma is not placed between the parts of the SSP. If it is, then in the second part cannot have a similar minor term, he is only one, stands at the very beginning of the sentence. Let's consider simple cases.
