How they lived in the USSR. life in the Soviet Union. Life in the USSR: education, culture, life, holidays How we lived in the USSR

Over the seven decades of its existence, the USSR drank a lot of dashing, but were in history Soviet Union and the times that the citizens of the USSR remembered as happy.

Brezhnev stagnation

Despite the negative name of the era, people remember this time with good nostalgia. The dawn of stagnation came in the 1970s. It was a time of stability - there were no major upheavals. The stagnation coincided with the improvement of relations between the US and the USSR - a threat nuclear war faded into the background. This period is also associated with the establishment of relative economic prosperity, which affected the well-being of Soviet citizens as well. In 1980, the USSR took first place in Europe and second in the world in terms of industrial and agricultural production. In addition, the Soviet Union became the only self-sufficient country in the world that could develop solely thanks to its own natural resources.

It was at the end of the 1960s - the beginning of the 1980s that the peak of the achievements of the Soviet Union in science, space, education, culture and sports fell. But the main thing was that for the first time in the history of the USSR people felt that the state was taking care of them.
The apogee of the era was the Moscow Olympic Games, which took place in 1980, and its symbol (and a bad omen) is the Olympic Bear flying away in balloons at the closing ceremony of the Olympics.

Thaw

The forerunner of this era was the death of Stalin in March 1953. The government of the USSR closed several fabricated cases and thus stopped a new wave of repressions. However, the speech of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev at the 20th Congress of the CPSU, in which he debunked the cult of Stalin, can be considered the real beginning of the “thaw”. After that, the country breathed more freely, a period of relative democracy began, in which citizens were not afraid to go to jail for telling a political anecdote. During this period, there was an upsurge in Soviet culture, from which the ideological shackles were removed. It was during the “Khrushchev thaw” that the talents of poets Robert Rozhdestvensky, Andrei Voznesensky, Bella Akhmadulina, writers Viktor Astafiev and Alexander Solzhenitsyn, theater directors Oleg Efremov and Galina Volchek, film directors Eldar Ryazanov, Marlen Khutsiev, Leonid Gaidai were revealed.

Publicity

Now it is customary to scold Mikhail Gorbachev, but the period 1989 to 1991 can be called a standard in terms of democracy. Probably no country, even the most liberal, had such a level of freedom of speech as the Soviet Union in its last years of its existence - the leaders of the USSR were criticized both from high tribunes and at millions of rallies. During the era of glasnost Soviet man literally collapsed such a volume of revelations about the history of the country in which he lives, which in a matter of months devalued the cult October revolution, Lenin, the Communist Party, Brezhnev and other leaders of the USSR. People sensed that turning times were coming and looked to the future with enthusiasm. Alas, times have come even more difficult.

On the eve of the Stalinist terror

“Life has become better, comrades. Life has become more fun. And when life is fun, the work is argued ... ". These words were uttered by Joseph Stalin in 1935 at the First All-Union Conference of Workers and Workers - Stakhanovites. Later, Stalin was accused of cynicism, but there was some truth in the statement of the leader, whose cult was just beginning to take shape. After the industrialization carried out in the USSR, by the mid-1930s, the standard of living of citizens improved markedly: wages increased, the rationing system for food was canceled, and the assortment of goods in stores increased markedly. Cheerful mood was supported by the Soviet cinema: for example, the comedy "Jolly Fellows" with Leonid Utyosov was filmed in the best traditions of Hollywood. However, the "fun life" ended in 1937, with the onset of mass repressions.

Wave of enthusiasm after the Civil War

After the end of the Civil War and the restoration of the country, Soviet Russia was swept by a wave of enthusiasm. The Bolsheviks announced that they were open to all advanced ideas, from psychoanalysis to industrial design. It was during this period that the dawn of the Soviet avant-garde in art, architecture and theater falls. Rumors flew to Europe and America that the Bolsheviks were not so bloodthirsty, and most importantly very advanced. Emigrants began to return to the country, as well as creative people and scientists from all over the world to come to realize their ideas. For them, the USSR became a real creative incubator, an experimental laboratory.
True, not all ideas were supported by the Bolsheviks: for example, in Soviet Russia representatives of the most radical directions of psychoanalysis found support, and at the same time the whole world of Russian philosophy was forcibly expelled from the country. Most unlucky at this time Orthodox Church, on which cruel persecution and repression were unleashed. True, the bulk of the citizens of the USSR supported this campaign against religion. "Everything old had to die in order to reveal the dear new."

"Internal emigration" in the late 1960s

In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU thanks to an organized conspiracy of his "party comrades." With his displacement, the "thaw" also ended. Many were waiting for the restoration of Stalinism, but it never happened. Although about mass Stalinist repressions now it was impossible to speak publicly. During this period, when all social informal life froze, a new trend arose, which eventually embraced millions of people - the “movement of hikers”. Instead of relaxing in the Black Sea resorts, Soviet intellectuals packed their backpacks and went on long hikes - conquer mountain peaks, descend into caves, explore unknown places in the taiga. It was probably the most romantic time in the history of the USSR. The geologist has become a "cult" profession, and mountaineering has become a "cult" sport. In just a few years, the USSR has become the largest number of people with a category in sports tourism. In large cities, there was practically no family in which there was no tent, kayak and camping kettle. So, the Soviet intelligentsia found, in “singing to the guitar by the fire in the wilderness” its ecological niche, where there was no pressure from countless communist slogans that had long lost their meaning, hung on almost all the buildings of the Soviet Union.

Childhood, as a rule, is always happy. In the summer, you might as well not dress up. They ran in shorts and barefoot. Some of the boys took out a piece of bread with margarine and shouted loudly - forty-one eat one. But if someone shouts ahead - forty-eight we ask for half, we had to share. Salary depends on the industry in which you work. For example, in trade or light industry, he was "light". In the early 60s, after the monetary reform, it was 30 rubles. An engineer, a doctor and a school teacher received about 80-90 rubles. A motorcycle with a sidecar "Ural" or "Irbit" was an unprecedented luxury and one for the whole street. Televisions with lenses went to the agitation centers to watch. There were televisions for free sale in the villages, since there was no broadcast at all. For example, TVs "Yenisei-2" or "Record" cost 160 rubles. The program was one and only local from 19:00 to 23:00. They went to work on the horns of factories. At what each had his own. The last, third beep was given already 5 minutes before the start of the shift. According to the Labor Code of 1957, for absenteeism, one could get corrective labor for up to 6 months with the deduction of part of the salary and lose the queue for housing. But there was no unemployment. All information boards and pedestals were covered with advertisements - "required, required." The unemployed were classified as parasites and sent to forced labor at "construction sites of the national economy." Restaurants, except for the railway ones, were empty.

On days of pay and advance, men flowed in streams to the pubs after their shifts. Or they were upset with one to three under the bushes in the squares, discussing their "evil" bosses along with questions foreign policy. They sympathized with Partis Lumumba, they cursed Eisenhower. The ubiquitous boys darted about with string bags of empty bottles they had collected. Cleaned them from sealing wax, labels and traffic jams. And then, if they had time before closing, they carried them to the glass container collection point. One bottle - one ice cream or a movie ticket. They themselves made ball-bearing scooters, bows, crossbows, sticks, pugachi and igniters. Leather balls in the yard were rare. Played rubber for 90 kopecks. For one game, 2-3 balls were required, as for some reason they were quickly pierced and blown away.

But almost everyone had a bike. "PVZ" and "KhVZ" (adults) cost around 50 rubles. Children's "Schoolboy" -28, and "Eaglet" (teenager) with chrome wings - 43 rubles. In the evenings, in the yards, the peasants played dominoes, banging loudly on the table. They quietly poured into the only faceted glass of fruit and berries in the company. The sound of playing dice became louder and more distinct. Tomorrow early to work. Players at the tables were replaced by young people, discussing pressing matters. The guitar appeared. And someone, playing the "eight" on the strings, started a song about a meeting in the city garden or at the "fountain in a dark blue dress."

They did not live richly, but not viciously. Everyone in the yard knew each other. Asking a neighbor for salt or bread until tomorrow was a common thing. Just like inviting the kids playing in the yard to dinner. Today we had a bite to eat at one - tomorrow at the other. There were fights, but before the first blood. Beating a recumbent was strictly forbidden. After the first blood (usually from the nose), the fight stopped and everyone became friends again. In a personal showdown, they fought one on one in the presence of friends in the yard or school class. The judge was chosen, the rules were established. The one who violated the rules was considered prematurely defeated and the fight was stopped.

The public holidays of November 7 and May 1 were special. They united people, rallied collectives. In the columns of demonstrators, children walked with their parents holding a trade union cardboard dove on a stick or balloon, which remained to him. On the chest each had a commemorative badge presented on the occasion of the holiday. Immediately from the cars they sold sweets in paper bags for rubles. per piece, lemonade and ice cream. This is not counting the fact that such "gifts" were given to all parents according to the number of children they had for free at the place of work. There was indeed a general atmosphere of a common holiday.

I remember two incidents from my childhood in particular. The first is admission to the pioneers. The excitement was extraordinary. Two of the class were released from admission. One did not come out of age, the other for bad behavior. On that next anniversary of Lenin's birth on April 22, the day turned out to be sunny, but rather cool and windy. We were lined up on the square near the school according to the uniform - white top, black bottom. Of course, in the same shirts and blouses. We were covered in goosebumps and chattering our teeth. Someone was running snot. But the desire to become a pioneer was stronger than all this. Then they took us to the cinema hall, in the foyer of which we were lined up in a half-car. School authorities and teachers stood opposite. They swore an oath in chorus - "I am a pioneer of the Soviet Union ...". The school pioneer leader called everyone according to the list, tied a pioneer gastuk around his neck and handed him a badge with the image of little Volodya Ulyanov ... Be ready! she said to the newcomer. Always ready! - with pioneer greetings, still not skillfully raising his hand above his head, answered a member of the new communist community. Overflowing with childish happiness and the importance of our significance, having matured at once, for some reason we were taken to another club, where they showed a film about the Cuban revolution. Back to school, we walked in formation and sang the song "Cuba, my love, the island of crimson dawn ...". At the same time, everyone imperceptibly looked at his tie. So until the evening they ran in the yard with a tie around their neck, attracting attention with their new status.

The second incident also happened in April. Then the banknotes were brand new, smelling of paint, and they tried not to wrinkle them. New coins did not even have time to fade. On the radio, before the broadcast of the Moscow exact time, the familiar call signs "beep, beep" were already sounding. Spring came early. It was a sunny warm day. Ant-grass sprouted in a soft green rug in the dry warm thawed patches. Starlings equipped their birdhouses, residents of houses under the windows broke flower beds. Women scraped the winter putty off the window frames and washed the glass with laundry soap. The boys and I played in the wall for candy wrappers. What else to do in early spring in such weather? Suddenly, from some open window, we heard a loud and joyful female voice- listen to the radio, listen to the radio! The astronaut has been launched! People began to go out into the street asking each other questions. Someone said that we launched a man into space. Everyone wanted details. They called to listen to the TASS message. I ran home and heard this message. It was short. I remembered the name of the cosmonaut and learned that he safely returned to earth in excellent health. What started here! The whole city took to the streets. They hugged, kissed and congratulated each other. The woman was crying. The men shrugged. It was something like declaring the end of the war in 1945. The unity of the people and pride in the USSR were incredible. In the evening, the men argued in what rank Gagarin flew into space. Either starley, or captain. Who will fly next and when will they fly to the moon. Discussed in all courtyards until late at night. At that time I did not even suspect how many accordion players were in the city. Almost until morning there were songs and dances. Although it was a normal work day. Wednesday.

For clarity, some examples of salaries:

1) associate professor (with a scientific degree) - 320 rubles.
2) lieutenant - 230 rubles.
3) judge - 210 rubles.
4) senior teacher (without degree) - 170 rubles.
5) trolley bus driver - 140 rubles.
6) teacher - 132 rubles.
7) an accountant in a bank - 120 rubles.

One ruble:
- a full meal in the dining room;
- a trip of 100 km by hitchhiking (penny - kilometer);
- 33 glasses of lemonade with syrup;
- 50 calls from a pay phone;
- 100 boxes of matches;
- 5 cups of Plombira or 10 - milk ice cream;
- 20 trips by trolleybus or metro;
- 4 loaves of white bread (900-1000 grams each);
- 5 liters of draft milk;
- 20 trips to the cinema for a daytime session;
- 2 bottles of good beer (also change);
- 8 packs of bad cigarettes (Pamir);
- by the end of summer, it was possible to buy 6 kg of watermelons or 3 kg of melons at the market;
- 5 trips to the men's hairdresser or bath;
- the cost of a daily bed "savage" in the holiday season in the south.

Three rubles:
- lunch for 5-6 persons in a factory or school canteen;
- lunch in a restaurant for one;
- good book;
- a doll or other toy of domestic production;
- a bottle of normal wine (such as "Crimean");
- weekend cultural trip with the whole family, including a snack;
- a pack of imported cigarettes;
- the amount in the child's pocket, at which other children were terribly jealous of him.

Five rubles:
- a kilogram of tenderloin in the market or 2 kilos of meat in the store;
- a bottle of vodka (with a snack);
- almost a monthly rent for a family;
- taxi ride "with chic";
- a kilogram of very good sweets.

Ten rubles:
- the amount that was borrowed before payday, it is the same - about which it is not a shame to remind the borrower;
- universal currency for various household services;
- a huge stick of expensive cooperative sausage;
- an expensive technical or desktop toy, such as a typewriter or billiards.

Twenty-five rubles:
- a ticket for an airplane of local airlines (for example, Leningrad - Moscow: 18 rubles);
- revelry "in full" in the restaurant;
- the services of an expensive prostitute.

Fifty rubles:
- teenage bike;
- a small pension;
- good student scholarship;
- trade union ticket to the Elbrus region for 2 weeks - 30 rubles.

One hundred rubles:
- plane ticket to the south (round trip);
- the monthly salary of a poor engineer graduate of a university (more precisely, a salary of 120 rubles);
- a good pension.

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They lived modestly, but cheerfully and amicably. During the holidays, after the demonstrations, the whole family gathered with all the closest relatives. There was a table, there was booze and there were songs. My brother and I loved listening to songs. My grandmother knew a lot of folk songs and we children listened to these sometimes sad howls about how a coachman was freezing somewhere or about love. Then they certainly ran into the yard and played there climbing trees, tying ropes and making an impromptu swing, and in winter breaking through entire tunnels in the snow and making caves. We children were happy. Remembering childhood, I do not remember gloomy faces. I never saw homeless people lying around drunk or people begging in my childhood. No, I saw grandmothers near the church once. Cartoons and children's films were very rarely shown on TV, mostly only on weekends and during holidays. Therefore, all the children rushed out into the street, there were friends, there were hide-and-seek, catch-up, leapfrog, baker, blind man's buff, Cossack robbers, freeze the marine figure, pioneer ball, football, twelve sticks, Moscow hide-and-seek, a deaf telephone and many other games. Sweets were mostly on holidays, and toys were rarely given, mainly for birthdays and New Year. In the spring, we ran barefoot through the puddles, and on July 7 we always poured ourselves. They also showed movies on Saturdays. There were propaganda sites all over the city, and on Saturday the projectionist came and showed us a movie for free. When it started to get dark, adults and children occupied the benches and watched a movie. Parents never scared us with some kind of maniacs or drug addicts. We didn't even know such people existed. Ice cream cost 10-15 kopecks. And a ticket to the cinema is 15-20 kopecks. It was a happy childhood.

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I remember a March blizzard on a rural school playground. And the faces of people, petrified in mourning, about the death of the Leader. I remember a scraped wooden table in the corner, illuminated by a kerosene stove, and my mother bent over school notebooks with a red pencil in her hand. And the taste of zatirukha brewed by my father - a broth made from flour pellets, flavored with a teaspoon of vegetable oil. I remember a wooden two-story hut, shaking day and night from the railroad sellers nearby. formulations. And the black snow of my childhood from smoking factory chimneys and locomotive soot. Factory horns in three shifts, in a thoroughly industrial town with its prison barracks and cells along long corridors, transferred by the authorities for housing for working families. And cottages for party farm activists with housekeepers and the smell of smoked meats. I remember my summer minimum of clothes - a pair of shorts; satin for the street, and twill "to go out", sewn at home on a Podolsk typewriter, bought on "maternity leave". And store shelves filled with canned crabs and pineapples, champagne and fragrant brown sausage carriages. And how we looked at it with wide eyes. Like an unrealizable dream, chewing a delicious bread crust, smeared with a novelty of the food industry - margaguselin. I remember the childhood joy of bathing in the city's public bath in the "royal" room with bath and shower. And good luck touching the shiny car of the factory boss at the checkpoint. I remember unaffordable bazaar fruits from visiting Uzbeks. And the taste of my first New Year's tangerine in the inpatient department of gastroenterology. Long queues for bread, two loaves of gray in hand and a bun for children under 5. And, of course, the obligatory kindergarten tablespoon of fish oil before dinner. And it was also the USSR.

*************

I remember that somehow I could not fly from Blagoveshchensk to Moscow in the summer. There were no tickets and people spent the night near the ticket office. I plucked up the nerve and went to the command post to the pilots. And she asked me to bring to Moscow, it was very necessary to get there on time. They looked at me as if I had fallen from the moon. But I really really needed it, my beloved was waiting for me at Domodedovo and even ordered a car for all my salary to Krasnogorsk. I explained everything so honestly. And I was taken through the checkpoint and put into the cockpit. In Novosibirsk, however, the flight attendants helped to change clothes, put on a cap and a shirt, just in case, so that the control did not suspect anything. They didn’t even take the money ... And I still don’t know how to thank that crew, I suffer ...

************

Shortly after the Daman events, I, on an urgent basis, ended up in a regiment that fought off the island from the Chinese. Opposite the checkpoint there were 9 marble tombstones of the soldiers who died there with the nineteen-year-old hero of the Soviet Union V.V. Orekhov. At the headquarters of the regiment, one of the rooms was equipped as a museum, where, among other exhibits about that "war", according to the established tradition, there was a freshly cut birch from about. Damansky. Sometimes border guards brought birch trees, sometimes they themselves went for them for 70 km. The times were turbulent and restless. Somehow they quickly got used to combat training alarms at night. But there were also battles. They went to war. The feeling is indescribable. Complete detachment, and you are no longer you, but part of the combat mechanism. There was hazing back then. But it did not come to assault. One "grandfather" was given 2 years of a penal battalion for making a young soldier-driver pretend to crawl on cars with a bedside table on his head. And for a fight in the dining room, the other went to 5 years in a colony under the article "hooliganism." Usually hazing was expressed in forcing oneself to sew on a collar, clean boots or go to the dining room to beg for bread. For refusal, one could get an outfit out of turn, and then, as a rule, they fell behind. Everyone understood that the border was four kilometers away.

Nature in the Far is amazing. The black knotty branches of trees and shrubs against the background of the yellow sky at sunset are so reminiscent of the paintings of Chinese landscape painters! Winter starts late, and snow-covered hills with red oak groves look absolutely fantastic! The lindens bloom there in June, filling the entire space with the smell of honey. And in the evenings - a powerful frog choir, comparable in strength to the noise of an aviation jet engine. It happened in tactical exercises, on command - "flash on the right", you fall into the grass with your feet to nuclear explosion, raise your head, and before your eyes are huge pink peonies ... And the disturbing smell of civilian life, tangible with the whole body, every cell, youth ... Oh, where are you, our girls? So many flowers are wasted here!

Well, forty years have passed. Half of them were drawn to those places. There, in the army brotherhood. I still dream of the faces of fellow soldiers, I remember many by their full names. and where they come from. We are with them every day, we counted how much we had left to the demobilization echelon. And the same dream to dream all my life. I served two years, demobilization already. And they persuade me to serve another two years. Stay, stay. Necessary! Stay. I, as it were, in my dream understand that the service has ended and, it seems, I have been at home for a long time. And, I agree. I think the next time I dream about it - I’ll definitely refuse. And I stay again.

At that time, in the army, vacation was not given to everyone, but as an encouragement. 10 days without a road. Late back for a day - penal battalion. Already in the second year of service, I received a travel order at the headquarters for travel by rail. and 10 rubles of vacation pay, in addition to the salary. To 10 days added 14 for the road. By train, I got to Khabarovsk on my "hard money", and there at the airport, on a business trip, I took plane tickets home and back, paying one ruble extra. Those were the rules back then. And first to Novosibirsk, and then by plane of a local airline. Then they were. Who flew from Khabarovsk zanet airport. On the second floor there is an exit to a long terrace overlooking the airfield. Here I was waiting for my IL-18 on it, every five minutes running to the dispatcher with questions about whether the landing was soon. Wait, look at the scoreboard, wait, look at the scoreboard. Tolley scoreboard strongly gleamed, whether my line is not included. In general, I missed my Il. I saw it when he started to taxi to the takeoff. There was no limit to despair. Return to unit? It was also possible to exchange a ticket by paying half the cost of the flight. Forty rubles. And I only have 15 left. True, the nearest Tu-114 aircraft departed in 30 minutes to Omsk. Omsk is also in my direction, I decided, I’ll fly, and then I’ll come up with something. Since the ticket from Novosibirsk to the place was no longer good. I jumped out onto the airfield and to Tu. And there the landing was already over. The crew is waiting. I'm to the stewardess, so they say so. There were good people back then! She hid me under the ladder, let the carriage through, and then gave me a sign. No, that's just the beginning of the adventure. The route is long. We landed in Irkutsk for refueling. And there is a wall of snow. Darkness is total. All the passengers left for the airport, and I, as an illegal, was ordered not to stick my head out. Half an hour has passed. My guide went on board with one of the crew members. He looked at my ticket, laughed wildly and said - your IL has landed, go there to your place, they lost you in Khabarovsk. It was lucky that Tu was a jet and we already overtook Il in flight, and arrived in Irkutsk much earlier. Or maybe the one where he sat down along the way. It was October, but they flew to Novosibirsk before dark. Due to the time difference. An hour later I was already at the city airport, but their working day had already ended. Fortunately, there was a hotel for its staff. My local plane was supposed to fly at 8 am. Well, that's probably how he got away. Without me. The overnight stay also cost a ruble. I remember it well, I had a metal one with the profile of a leader. There were only two rooms. And there were no empty beds. Well, not on a chair in the corridor ... The housekeeper took pity on me, or maybe she didn’t want to return the ruble and took me to another wing to a room with a single bed. Do not worry, we wake everyone here at 6 am and close until the evening - she assured. Dear mother! A feather bed, two hefty feather pillows smelling fresh, clean linen! This is not a foam mattress on a solid bed. Whether I lost the habit of such luxury, whether I was tired, or worried during the day, I woke up from the bright sunlight coming through the window above my head. 11 am! And deathly silence. We were taught to dress during the burning of a match. But in vain I broke a personal record. The front door was locked, there was not a soul in the hotel. True, the watchman soon came to make some tea. Yes, he confirmed. At six o'clock they all left, but here I am guarding here. And the planes until the evening only to land. Everyone flew away, he added. As luck would have it, at the station there were only seats left in the compartment. The air ticket was not exchanged. He gave away a chervonets. On the last he gave home a telegram and bought two pies with liver for 4 kopecks. a piece. There are 2 pennies left. Drive 12 hours into the night. As soon as I got settled in my compartment in an empty carriage, a young girl, the conductor, came up and insistently began to offer to take linen for a rupee. And I don’t even have a ruble ... I felt so embarrassed, I’ve never been greedy, and she loses the proceeds from this. I showed her my air ticket as proof of what happened to me. He politely refused to take underwear for free and went out into the cold without an overcoat. In the vestibule. So he stood all night in his punishment. to your station.

A holiday was approaching: the wedding anniversary of my parents. Mom was categorically against me paying for dinner in a cafe. Then a brilliant plan was born. Arrange a home party in the style of the nineties. Let me remind them of the past, because they got married in 1985, the dawn of their youth fell on Soviet years. She kept silent, surprise. She invited guests, downloaded the hits of the nineties and began to decorate the living room in a retro style.

USSR: a bygone era

You can regret the past, remember fragments with a smile. But it cannot be returned. I propose to "pull out of memory" good moments because life goes on. Today I will tell how they lived in the USSR. To support my words, I will cite weighty facts.


Life in the Soviet style:

  • Parents dreamed that their children would become cultural workers in the future. Librarian, historian, teacher, cultural historian, musician - prestigious professions.
  • Private Taxi prohibited. Cabbers who wanted to earn money risked paying a fine. At any moment, the car could be stopped and asked who you are carrying and what route. And to confirm the relationship, they even asked for documents. Public taxi was affordable, average cost trips - one ruble.
  • Soviet ballet became famous all over the world. In the evening, we watched performances in front of a blue screen. Loving this art is a sign of education.
  • Fartsovschiki made good money. Because they secretly sold scarce goods. Today the word "fartsovka" is unknown to young people.

How they lived in the USSR: luxury

The idea of ​​wealth then and now differ significantly. I would never have concluded that the family is rich, having seen a crystal chandelier and a sideboard with dishes in their apartment. And before that they were pride. If the family moved, they packed carpets and dishes (especially crystal) first. Soviet citizens, who did not suffer from a lack of money, tried not to display their wealth for showing.


A person who has an apartment, a car, a dacha, a TV set, an imported household appliances and thousand rubles under the mattress. You won't surprise us with a Model 7 car or a dacha where you have to bend your back.

Instruction

The “period of developed socialism”, as the era of stagnation in the USSR was officially called, was not so carefree as it seems to many now. Very low wages for the majority of the population and a shortage of high-quality consumer goods and foodstuffs added a very large fly in the ointment to the socialist barrel of honey.

And yet there were many positive aspects of life in those years. First of all, life in the stagnant years was very calm. There was no crime. That is, it was not that she was completely absent, but the press preferred to keep silent about her. Crime in the USSR, according to party ideologists, was considered a relic of the capitalist vulgarity. And many Soviet people willingly believed in it. Indeed, it was almost safe along the city streets, and cases of bloody maniacs and other murderers were carefully hidden from society. For the same reason, there were no man-made disasters in the USSR.

Medical care in the Soviet Union was absolutely free and medicines were very expensive. But it was very problematic to buy good, especially imported drugs.

Soviet system education was considered one of the best in the world. It was also free. But in order to enroll in prestigious university, Soviet applicants had to either have high-ranking parents or pay considerable bribes. And in the Central Asian republics, the system of bribes existed in almost all universities and was almost legalized.

Public free housing in the USSR prevailed. However, there was still cooperative and private housing. Every Soviet citizen in need of better living conditions had the right to receive an apartment on gratuitous terms. Another thing is that for this it was necessary to defend a long-term queue. Sometimes its term reached two decades. People who wanted to speed up this process joined housing cooperatives. But in order to build a cooperative apartment, it was necessary to lay out several annual earnings of a simple engineer or teacher for it.

Providing the population with food in the Soviet Union was carried out extremely unevenly. The most well-off in terms of food were the cities of Moscow and Leningrad. A Moscow grocery store in the stagnant years was considered good if it had fresh meat and poultry, 2-3 varieties of boiled sausage, a couple of varieties of fresh-frozen fish, butter, sour cream, eggs, chocolates, beer and oranges on its shelves. But in many, even Moscow stores, products in such an assortment were available only at certain times of the day and not every day. In the Russian hinterland, the situation with food was much worse: meat on coupons, sausage on holidays. But almost all products were of high quality and very cheap.

Industrial goods of domestic production were distinguished by extremely poor quality. Therefore, imports were held in high esteem. Imported things cost, often insanely expensive, but they were still in crazy demand.

Soviet ideologists, proving the superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist, constantly emphasized that in the West money decides everything, while in the USSR there are other, much greater human values. Indeed, money Soviet people were nothing compared to blat. The presence of useful connections, for example, in the areas of trade and catering, opened up real access to socialist benefits.

How did we live in USSR?

People tend to remember in life, basically, only good things. And this is a very useful evolutionary acquisition. Thanks to him, we live like people, and not like angry dogs barking at everything around for no apparent reason. Almost everyone who shares their memories of life in (these are those who were already adults 25 years ago) write that they have preserved the kindest feelings about that time; memories of a carefree childhood, first love, ice cream for 9 kopecks, cheerful student life and many other, of course, pleasant and positive events, causing a storm of emotions. Without denying the pleasantness of good feelings and remembering that the assessments of the same events can be completely different if they are analyzed with different goals, I will try in this article to deal briefly not with the feelings that different people caused different events, and with that, what was the USSR really.

This is necessary because today many public and politicians very insistent, rather obsessive, praise the USSR, tirelessly repeating that there we had supposedly free education, free medical service; supposedly free housing, free or very cheap vacation; and a lot of everything else, just as tasty, beautiful and also allegedly free. This enemy Zionist propaganda, with all its might untwisted by enemies, is designed primarily for youth, which at one time did not have time to thoroughly consider all the "charms" of the Soviet life order and therefore is forced to take such clever oracles at their word.

In order to understand what the USSR was like in reality, we need quite a bit:

  • Find out who invented communism and when?
  • Find out why the USSR was created?
  • Find out who was the main beneficiary of this project?

So let's look for answers to these questions, especially since there is more than enough information for reflection today.

Who invented communism and when?

It is generally accepted that communism was invented by two Jews: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In 1848 they published The Communist Manifesto, in which these lines stand out: “Communists consider it a contemptible thing to hide their views and intentions. They openly declare that their goals can only be achieved by the violent overthrow of the entire existing social order. Let the ruling classes tremble before the Communist Revolution…” However, it is known that these works of the "German" philosophers were generously paid.

"Communism is the brainchild of the Jews!"

In 2001, a book by an American historian and publicist appeared in Russia David Duke titled "The Jewish Question Through the Eyes of an American". The author describes how, while still a schoolboy, he accidentally stumbled upon the truth about the creators of communism in America, while working as a volunteer in the office of one public organization. But he did not believe what was written in the newspapers and decided to check everything himself ... Now he has been speaks the truth out loud about the real role of Jews in many social processes on the planet, from the organization of the slave trade, and ending with wars, revolutions and environmental disasters. Dr. David Duke maintains its website on the Internet (on English language) and constantly uploads on his channel in YouTube video messages dedicated to the next revelations of the subversive role of the "chosen people" on Earth. We translate these small, unique films into Russian and post them on Sovetnik and Molvitsa…

"The CPSU was created by the Jews!"

April 24, 2013 Nikolai Starikov on his website very well described who, how and when founded the party RSDLP, which later became known as CPSU. You can read about this in the article. The author writes that in Minsk there is a house-museum, in which on March 1-3, 1898 constituent The first congress of the RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party - the predecessor of CPSU). All program and other necessary documents of this party were adopted later, at the II Congress in 1903 in London. And this congress was only to create a party. The founders of the future were the following Jewish comrades:

  • Eidelman Boris Lvovich (1867-1939)
  • Vigdorchik Natan Abramovich (1874-1954)
  • Mutnik Abram Yakovlevich (1868-1930)
  • Katz Shmuel Shneerovich (1878-1928)
  • Tuchapsky Pavel Lukich (1869-1922)
  • Radchenko Stepan Ivanovich (1868-1911)
  • Vannovsky Alexander Alekseevich (1874-1967)
  • Petrusevich Kazimir Adamovich (1872-1949)
  • Kremer Aaron Iosifovich (1865-1935)

This is the definitive answer to the question: who invented communism?. I repeat, communism was invented by people of Jewish nationality who have the Jewish faith. Why is it so important? Because this people had the misfortune of being chosen by certain Powers to achieve certain goals. Information about which Powers they chose, and what tasks they set for the Jews, is discussed in detail in the book of the academician Nikolai Levashov .

This is more or less clear. Now - next question: « Why was communism invented??».

This question is answered "Communist Manifesto", into which the text has become "Draft Communist Creed", written in early 1847 by the son of a merchant, Friedrich Engels, and his partner, the son of a rabbi, Karl Marx, members of the Union of Communists, based in. Here is a relevant quote from the Manifesto: “The history of all hitherto existing societies has been the history of the struggle of classes ... Modern bourgeois private property is the last and most complete expression of such production and appropriation of products, which rests on class antagonisms, on the exploitation of some by others. In this sense, communists can express their theory in one proposition: destruction of private property…»

I hope everyone understands that if private property is destroyed somewhere, i.e. take away, then in another place (from customers who paid for the work of the authors), it arrives, i.e. increases. Those who do not understand this "law of preservation of property" can remember how the Jews carried out privatization in Russia in the early 90s. That's the whole answer. Although, it can be supplemented a little, to expand, so to speak, horizons ...

If you look at least a little bit at the revolutions organized in France and in other countries, and compare the methodology with the modern so-called. “orange revolutions”, then we will see an amazing coincidence! Moreover, communist slogans "Equality, Brotherhood, Happiness" were used by the Jews when organizing the first revolution (coup d'etat) in Persia in the 4th century BC! And then - again during the second coup and robbery of Persia in the 5th century AD. (they then substituted the vizier Mazdak in their place).

Why was the USSR created?

The Treaty on the Formation of the USSR was signed on December 29, 1922, and the next day, on December 30 of the same year, the First All-Union Congress of Soviets promptly and unanimously approved it.

Knowing who and for what purpose created the communist idea and put it into practice in , the answer to the question can be obtained almost automatically: the USSR was created by the Jews for enslavement, subsequent robbery and destruction Russian Empire, the Russian people and subsequently the whole white race on the planet. You can read about how the founders of the ideology of communism actually treated the Slavs in general and the Russians and Russia in particular in the article by A. Ulyanov. Hatred of the highest degree and a wild desire to destroy these "unhistorical", reactionary peoples, standing in the way of the world revolution, as "special enemies of democracy."

It was for this that he came to Russia with a lot of money, with weapons and hired bandits from New York Leiba Bronstein(Leo Trotsky), on whose conscience later there were millions of ruined lives of Russian people. Leiba Trotsky, among many others, was supplied with money, weapons and bandits by his distant relative Jacob Schiff- American banker and pathological Russophobe.

Comrade Bronstein was the ideological enemy of everything Russian and did not hide this, openly expressing the aspirations of his sponsors: “... We must turn Russia into one inhabited by white Negroes, to whom we will give such a tyranny that the most terrible despots of the East never dreamed of. The only difference is that this tyranny will not be from the right, but from the left, and not white, but red, for we will shed such torrents of blood before which all the human losses of capitalist wars will shudder and turn pale ... "

During civil war the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council, Leiba Trotsky, was actively helped by both the Americans and the Europeans. They even sent him a special armored train, equipped with the most modern means of communication at that time and many other wonders. Here is how Leiba Davydovich himself wrote about this miracle of technology: “... It was a flying control apparatus. The train had a secretariat, printing house, telegraph, radio, power plant, library, garage and bathhouse. The train was so heavy that it went with two engines. Then I had to break it into two trains ... "

Trotsky managed to do a lot during the time that he was actually at the helm of the USSR (Trotsky's Revolutionary Military Council was a body of power parallel to Lenin's Council of People's Commissars). And he would complete his work - until the last Russian if, fortunately for us, he had not been stopped Joseph Dzhugashvili(Stalin). Comrade Stalin, after conferring with his other comrades, rightly reasoned that, since they had seized power in Russia, it was useless to give the country and all the goods completely to the American and English, but it would be better to try to reign to your heart's content, especially since the banksters investment in "Revolution" returned, and even with huge interest.

Stalin and his comrades also had plans to rule the world. They sought to create a Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Mira ( USSR). Speaking to the delegates of the Fifth Congress of the Comintern on July 17, 1924, the chairman of the executive committee of the Comintern, Grigory Zinoviev, said: "There is no victory yet, and we still have to conquer five-sixths of the earth's land mass so that there is a Union of Soviet Socialist Republics". It is clearly seen that the name of the state does not contain even a hint of either nationality or territorial affiliation. And the purpose of this state was quite clearly expressed in the Declaration on its formation, namely: "... it will serve as a true bulwark against world capitalism and a new decisive step towards uniting the working people of all countries in the world Socialist Soviet Republic". The slogan of the USSR was the call: "Proletarians of all countries, unite!", And the anthem until 1943 was the "International".

This is how the country appeared, which will soon be called USSR, and in which everything leading positions have always belonged to Jews, some of whom were accomplices of a comrade Trotsky(Trotskyists were mostly Jews Sephardim), and some were accomplices of a comrade Stalin(these were mostly Jews Ashkenazim). To receive you need to documentary evidence about who actually led the Union, I recommend reading the wonderful book by Andrei Wild "Jews in Russia and the USSR".

What was wrong in the USSR?

Trotsky's Sephardim were constantly at war with Stalin's Ashkenazim. It was an old war Levites managed to arrange in order to be able to somehow manage their hyperactive fellow tribesmen. And although in 1937 Comrade Stalin slightly thinned the ranks of the Trotskyists, this struggle has not subsided to this day and has a decisive influence on most of the events taking place in Russia. We need to be well aware of what USSR created by Jews NOT for Russians but for yourself. In addition, it must be remembered that the Sephardic Trotskyists are still carrying out the task of total destruction on the planet. And the Ashkenazim do not interfere with this, but only try to make sure that enough slaves remain in Russia for them. Those. in fact, the Russian people are hostile and Trotskyists(Sephardi), and Stalinists(Ashkenazi). But the former want to destroy the Rus completely, while the latter agree to leave a little Rus for their own service. That's the whole difference between true creators USSR!

Now, let us briefly analyze, point by point, several specific statements about what and how it was in the USSR, especially since the author lived almost all his life in and personally observed and was a participant in much that happened there. Let me remind you that I am trying to analyze what really happened to us in the USSR, and not what it seems to someone today or what some circles want us to think.

1. Public ownership of the means of production. This is pure water deception(enemy propaganda), because, apart from these words, the “general people” never had anything else. The Constitution indeed had such a general phrase, but there was no clarification, what kind of people in the Soviet multinational state is this owner, and nowhere was it written exactly how this nationwide form of ownership is implemented. In fact, none of the people had even the slightest opportunity to dispose of any part of public property, and therefore, in fact, was not its owner or co-owner! CPSU just powdered brains semi-literate population, masking the fact that Russia was the real owner, which had long lived under communism, even during the war. So, there was no “public property” in the USSR for anything, and Nikolai Levashov quite rightly wrote that "socialism is state capitalism, plus a slave system!"

4. Free housing. And this is a brilliant example of communist ingenuity and Jewish shamelessness! If in the West almost the entire population has long been buying housing, cars and much more on credit (there are big problems with a loan there, because 200-300% is paid for a loan), then in the USSR it was done it's the other way around! Workers received allegedly free housing, but after standing in line for 15-20 years, and in fact forward paying the cost of housing, and education, and honey. service, and everything else "free" with their hard work throughout their lives. That's so cunning "free" was in the USSR. And so much was shown and written about the quality of the housing being built at one time that only the blind-deaf-dumb did not know about it. By the way, today they build housing almost the same way as it used to be in the Soviet Union. And not because they don’t know how, but because they deliberately deceive apartment buyers, trying to save money wherever possible and impossible, starting from the thickness of the walls, and ending with the lack of ventilation, central heating, inferior windows and doors! But the prices for this shame are set as if everything was made of pure gold ...

5. The country's governance system was truly democratic. Many probably remember that the country was called Soviet, i.e. all power was formally concentrated in all sorts of councils, ranging from settlement and rural, and ending with the Supreme Council. This was done so that the official could avoid personal responsibility for the decisions made: they say, the Council decided so, and "bribes are smooth from him." And the real power everywhere belonged party bodies. The small party god of the regional scale was a real king in his fiefdom, but at the same time he was completely subordinate to another god, who was sitting on the floor above; and so on, up to . So they lived: decisions were made by some, executed by others, and popular discontent, which very often took place in the USSR, was suppressed by others. Reading newspapers with various Decrees and Decisions, it was impossible to understand anything, just like today, and only much later the picture began to gradually clear up ...

6. Real poverty reigned in the USSR! Of course not everywhere! In the Union, in addition to party secretaries and instructors, workers of numerous Soviets lived well, and, most importantly, a populous caste of trade workers. More or less, the heads of enterprises and organizations, workers in hazardous professions, and very few artists and writers could make ends meet. And the bulk of the population (percent 90-95 ) made ends meet with great difficulty. For example, my parents were doctors with higher education. But they were honest and decent people and did not stoop to extorting gifts from the sick, i.e. lived on wages. Therefore, I remember that, although we lived very modestly, for many years my mother could not make ends meet in the family budget and constantly borrowed several rubles from her neighbors "before payday". And this despite the fact that dad never spent money on because he didn’t drink because of a stomach ulcer he got as a student. The salaries of people were extremely low, and the population was deliberately lowered by such a system of remuneration both professionally, and morally, and ethically. In order to live more or less tolerably, people were forced to "chemize"- steal, i.e. break the law, become criminals! By this very Jewish Soviet authority, following the precepts, reduced the speed or even completely stopped the evolutionary development of the population, slowly but surely turning it into a large herd of rams (rams).

7. Nepotism and protectionism reigned in the USSR. It was possible to get to any leading positions only (!) By patronage. And to positions, relatively speaking, higher than the head of the housing office, one could get only by Jewish patronage, which non-Jews could never get in principle. The only exceptions are those cases when it was impossible to do without a goy-specialist, when he had to pull all the work on himself. And basically, all any significant positions were occupied by people of revolutionary nationality. One of the confirmations of this may well be the following example, which I saw for several years in the main building of the Donetsk Polytechnic Institute, where I happened to study at one time. There, on the long wall near the Rector's office, there were large portraits all former rectors of this once highly respected university. And passing by this gallery hundreds of times, I gradually read almost all the names of the “patriarchs”, which, of course, turned out to be every single one. Then I did not see anything unusual in this, after all, we were taught internationalism from the cradle. And now, remembering this little touch of my student life, I also remembered that all vice-rectors, all deans and all heads of departments at that time were also Jews and… communists. And then I noticed that the secretaries of the district committees, city committees, regional committees, and the chairmen of the councils of all levels, and all the rest of the “bosses” were either Jews (in most cases) or representatives Semitic peoples(Armenians, Georgians, Chechens and others (more than 30 peoples)).

8. In the USSR there was utter lawlessness and total. This was inevitable in conditions when all power was concentrated in the hands of party functionaries who did not bear before anyone no responsibility for your actions. Therefore, it was not the Law that reigned in the USSR, but the real tyranny of party secretaries and punitive organs. And the entire population was forced to submit to this evil will. Because, with any disobedience, any person could simply be destroyed, depriving him of his job and, accordingly, his livelihood, or putting him in prison or a psychiatric hospital on fabricated grounds or even without them. Party bosses were not afraid of anyone and nothing, because they diligently performed "party line", which possessed sufficient forces to quickly neutralize any person or organization. You can get some idea of ​​the level of corruption in the USSR from the articles, and many others.

9. In science, culture and art almost everything was occupied by Jews. Accurate estimates will surely appear someday, but offhand we can say that about 90% of all figures in these areas were Jews. One of the documentary evidence of the above is the text of the memorandum of Agitprop of the Central Committee M.A. Suslov "On the selection and placement of personnel in the Academy of Sciences of the USSR" dated October 23, 1950, where it is also said in a direct test that the Academy is sabotaging work in the most important areas ... To clarify the situation with culture, you can read a short article “Russian culture with a Jewish mark”. And be sure to read the wonderful books of the real Russian writer Ivan Drozdov, who began his writing career immediately after the Great Patriotic War, and became a victim of the victorious jewish wars for Russian literature.

This is not a complete list of what those people who sincerely regret the collapse of the USSR do not know or have forgotten. As Vladimir Putin very aptly and accurately noted recently: “Whoever does not regret the collapse of the USSR has no heart, and the one who wishes for its revival has no head!” But, besides the CPSU, there was also the KGB, there was the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there was the OBKhSS, there was the Army, in which all leadership positions always occupied by people who defended the interests of the ruling, and not Russian people. Let us recall, for example, in August 2008, organized by the United States and Israel: the military authorities of Russia did not dare to resist the Zionists! Vladimir Putin, being at that time the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation ( Supreme Commander was then President D. Medvedev), urgently left the Olympics in China and flew to organize a rebuff to the aggressor! And only then Russia began to fight ... Those who wish can always find themselves a lot of additional and confirming materials on the Web and make sure that he was really slave state , only slavery was organized not as shown in the movies - with chains and shackles, but in a modern way, when slaves consider themselves free people and work independently for the slave owner! ..

Who destroyed the USSR and how?

The USSR was a creation of the Jewish financial mafia, it performed its functions of keeping a huge country in slavery very well, and, of course, no one was going to destroy it! The imitation of the confrontation between the "two systems" was necessary to separate the peoples of the planet and instill hatred among the peoples of the whole world for the Russians, whom the Jews exposed as the creators. And, of course, neither the Sephardim, led by the Rockefeller family, nor the Ashkenazim, commanded by the Rothschilds, nor the Levites, nor other clans more high level had no plans to destroy the "system of socialism", with the help of which a good half of the white race of the planet was kept in slavery ...

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