Functionally similar software systems are offered for training and certification of personnel in production safety and labor protection:

Automated workplace responsible for the training and certification of production safety personnel (AWP OPBP)

OPBP automated workplaces are designed, as a rule, for use in organizations and enterprises with a developed labor protection service, where it is required to maintain a detailed, adjustable database of information about employees instructed and trained in labor protection, the formation and printing of reporting output documents, in accordance with established requirements (logs , protocols, information).

Integrated system of training and certification of personnel for industrial safety (KSA BP)

KSA BP is most appropriate to use in classes for training and testing knowledge of training centers, at enterprises and organizations with a small number of employees and where computer-based maintenance of approved reporting on briefings and knowledge tests on labor safety (labor protection) is not required.

AWS OPBP and KSA BP provide training, knowledge control and consultation of employees in full in a flexible dialogue mode essential rules and requirements as part of multifunctional electrical safety systems; safety of thermal power plants; pressure equipment; lifting structures; oil and gas industry; gas facilities; compressor units; refrigeration units; road transport; railway transport; labor safety in construction; general rules on labor protection; safety of work on means of communication; fire safety; safety of agricultural production.

AWS OPBP and KSA BP are installed on a separate device (computer, tablet) or in a local corporate network and allow you to adapt the system to the specifics of a particular production and concentrate any professional information about the personnel undergoing training and certification.

Multi-level protection of personalized and corporate information is provided.

Printing of customized working and reporting documentation is provided.
A system for monitoring the timing of briefings and knowledge testing has been implemented.

Upon delivery of software systems, each purchased software package is issued with a Software Product Certificate confirming the quality characteristics of the software package, and a User License for the legitimate use of the software package.

A Web application is being developed in the form of a multifunctional software package for training and certification of personnel in production safety and labor protection:

Production safety e-learning system (SEO BP)

SES BP is designed to be placed on corporate Web-portals and on servers of local corporate networks, in classes for training and testing knowledge on the security of production at training centers. SES BP is functionally similar to the previous software systems and includes advanced functionality in the form of a reliable network resource, taking into account the results of many years of operation of the systems.

The unique interface of the system allows the person in charge of learning to turn work with large volumes of questions into an exciting one. creative process, invest your knowledge or effectively use the resources presented using any type of network communication devices. Transparency, simplicity and clarity of the usual actions when using the functionality of the SEA BP do not require additional training in working with the system. Minimized input of information and data from the keyboard. All this contributes to a quick immersion in working with a web application for any beginner and the exclusion of any negative emotions.

The interface of the learner and the assessed person supports friendly interaction, completely excludes the input of any data when studying the material and controlling knowledge, contributes to obtaining the necessary professional skills and knowledge, allows organizing objective certification, provides for training on any network communication device without time and place restrictions.

STP 12.0213.004-2005

ENTERPRISE STANDARD

SWAT. Administrative and public control (AOK) for labor protection, industrial and fire safety. Order of conduct

Approved
by order of the general director
OAO Volga
dated 14.06.05 No. 198
Date of introduction - from 14.06.05

This Standard establishes the procedure for monitoring compliance with the norms, compliance with the requirements of the rules, instructions for labor protection, industrial and fire safety, labor safety standards at all stages of production activities.

The standard was developed in accordance with the Guidelines for the organization of a three-stage control over the state of labor protection, taking into account the management structure of OAO Volga.

The standard applies to all structural divisions of the enterprise.

1. General Provisions

1.1. .Administrative and public control on labor protection, industrial and fire safety along with operational control carried out by the work manager and other officials; control carried out by the labor protection, industrial and fire safety service of the enterprise; the control exercised by state supervision and control bodies is the main type of control exercised by the administration of the enterprise, together with the trade union organization (represented by representatives of its elected bodies), over the state of working conditions and safety at workplaces, production sites, in workshops, as well as over compliance all services, officials and employees of the requirements of labor legislation, labor protection legislation, labor safety standards, rules, norms, instructions and other regulations on labor protection, industrial and fire safety.

1.2. The purpose of administrative and public control is to identify shortcomings in the field of labor protection, industrial and fire safety at all stages of production activities, their timely elimination, analysis of the causes and development of measures to prevent their recurrence.

1.3. Administrative and public control does not replace or cancel other types of control (control carried out by officials in accordance with their official duties, as well as public control carried out by a trade union represented by its elected bodies and labor protection commissioners).

1.4. Administrative and public control is carried out at three levels (in three stages):

At the site level (shift, laboratory, warehouse) - the first step;

At the level of the workshop (department, service) - the second stage;

At the enterprise level - the third step.

2. The first stage of administrative and public control

2.1. The first stage of control is carried out by the head of the relevant section (foreman, head of the section, shift supervisor, etc.) and the authorized person for labor protection at this site.

2.2. The head of the site, together with the commissioner for labor protection, daily (every shift during shift work) at the beginning of work checks the condition of workplaces at their site (maintenance of passages, territories); serviceability of equipment, tools, fixtures; availability and serviceability of fences; operation of ventilation units and dust and gas trapping devices; illumination of workplaces and passages; availability and serviceability of primary fire extinguishing means; availability of the necessary instructions at the workplace and immediately take measures to eliminate the identified deficiencies.

If the shortcomings cannot be eliminated immediately by the site workers, measures are taken to prevent workers from entering the danger zone (if necessary, when there is a real threat to the safety of life and health of personnel, by stopping the faulty equipment) and report to the shop management.

On the results of the inspection, the inspectors make appropriate entries in a special journal of administrative and public control on labor protection (the journals must be numbered and laced).

2.3. During the working shift, the head of the site and the commissioner for labor protection control the observance by employees of instructions on labor protection, industrial and fire safety; timely cleaning of production waste and finished products, avoiding clutter and clutter of workplaces, passages and driveways; availability and correct use of overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment, safety and blocking devices.

2.4. If employees fail to comply with safe working methods or labor protection, industrial and fire safety requirements, the head of the site suspends the work and conducts an unscheduled briefing to the violator with an entry in the briefing log. The name of the violator, the violations committed by him and the measures taken are entered in the journal of administrative and public control.

2.5. The head of the workshop (department) daily reviews the entries in the journal of administrative and public control, appoints responsible persons for eliminating the shortcomings noted in the journal, determines and controls the timing of their elimination, and takes measures against the guilty persons.

3. The second stage of administrative and public control

3.1. The head of the shop (department) with the chairman of the trade union committee of the unit or the senior commissioner for labor protection with the involvement of shop specialists (mechanic, power engineer, technologist, etc.) and the inspector of the State Fire Supervision (22-PC) at least once a week conduct a targeted inspection the state of labor protection, industrial and fire safety in the workshop.

3.2. When checking, the commission controls the proper maintenance and safe operation of production and auxiliary premises, structures, equipment, tools, inventory, transport and lifting equipment, pressure vessels, safety and blocking devices; proper organization of work and workplaces; safe storage, transportation and use of poisonous, caustic and explosive substances; availability and serviceability of primary fire extinguishing means; timeliness and completeness of training and briefing of employees on labor protection, industrial and fire safety; provision and use by employees of overalls, special footwear, necessary means of individual and collective protection; sufficiency and proper operation of sanitary and household appliances and drinking water supply, ventilation installations and dust and gas trapping devices.

3.3. When conducting the second stage of control, the effectiveness of the administrative and public control of the first stage is analyzed, the timeliness of eliminating the shortcomings identified during previous inspections is controlled, and the attitude of the responsible officials of the workshop (department) to the issues of labor protection, industrial and fire safety is assessed, with the adoption, if necessary, of appropriate measures. .

4. The third stage of administrative and public control

4.1. The third stage of administrative and public control is carried out monthly in 4-6 subdivisions of the enterprise according to the schedule approved by the general director of JSC "Volga" and agreed with the trade union committee of the enterprise.

4.2. Control is carried out on a commission basis under the leadership of the department (deputy), to which the corresponding unit is subordinate. The head of the technical department takes part in the work of the commission for checking paper shops, DPC, DMC, TMM shop.

4.3. The commission consists of chief specialists, representatives of the labor protection, industrial and fire safety service, the trade union committee of the enterprise and the senior inspector (inspector) of the State Fire Supervision Service (22-PC).

4.4. During the third stage of control, the following is checked:

Organization and results of the work of the first and second stages of control;

elimination of deficiencies identified during previous inspections;

Execution of orders for the enterprise, decisions of the trade union committee of OAO Volga on labor protection issues;

Fulfillment of instructions of state supervision and control bodies;

Implementation of measures provided for by the collective agreement, labor protection agreement, acts of investigation of accidents at work, incidents and accidents;

Certification of the sanitary and technical condition and working conditions in the workshop;

Technical condition and maintenance of buildings, structures, premises of workshops and adjacent territories; compliance with their regulatory and technical requirements for labor protection, industrial and fire safety; condition of roads, tunnels, passages and galleries;

Compliance of technological, lifting, transport, energy and other equipment with regulatory requirements for labor protection, industrial and fire safety;

Efficiency of supply and exhaust ventilation, dust and gas trapping devices;

Fulfillment of schedules for preventive maintenance of equipment, availability of communication schemes and connection of power equipment;

Availability and serviceability of primary fire extinguishing means;

Provision of workers with personal protective equipment, sanitary facilities and devices;

The state of visual agitation on labor protection, industrial and fire safety; organizing and conducting training and briefings for employees on labor protection, industrial and fire safety;

Preparedness of personnel to work in emergency conditions;

Compliance with the established regime of work and rest, labor discipline.

4.5. The results of the audit are documented in an act-prescription (having the force of an order) indicating the deadlines for eliminating the identified deficiencies.

Designed by:
chief industrial engineer
and fire safety
E.G. SHMELEV

locomotive depot Pechora. Uvarova M.V.: TC Pechora. - Yaroslavl, 2009.

- 2s. - ( IK/DTsNTI Northern Railway No. 24446)

ISTOK is a universal system that allows you to create training courses and

Conduct training in any subject area. Automation of the learning process

allows for both individual and group lessons under control

teacher. Technical basis complex - local computing

network classroom with a set of automated workstations.

The ISTOK complex offers several methodological schemes for its use.

A comprehensive system of labor protection measures carried out in the locomotive

depot Pechora, contributes to increasing the knowledge of employees, responsibility

in compliance with labor protection rules, high production culture,

which ensures the prevention of industrial injuries.

Equipping the classroom for labor protection in the locomotive

Operational depot Novosibirsk.- Novosibirsk, 2008. - 4s., ill.

- (IL / DTSNTI of the West Siberian Railway, city No. 2361 (T 105)

Inv. No. 63758

Training in occupational health and safety, electrical safety and

first aid to the victim and the corresponding check

knowledge of employees of the locomotive operational depot

Novosibirsk (most of which are machinists and

assistant locomotive drivers) are held in a specialized

classroom.

General view of the classroom

The area of ​​the occupational safety class is 65.3 m2, which corresponds to

the requirements of SNiP 2.09.04-87 (the norm with a payroll of 1860 people

is 48 m 2). The level of illumination on the surface of study tables

corresponds to the norm.

The office of labor protection is equipped with:

 methodical and informational materials;

 normative documents on labor protection;

 a complete set of labor protection instructions in force at the depot;

 visual teaching aids for safety and

industrial sanitation;

 curricula on labor protection to test the knowledge of workers;

 technical means of labor protection training (personal

computers, TV, VCR);

 teaching aids and periodicals on labor protection;

 teaching materials for certification of jobs.

Regulatory documents in the office of labor protection

In the office for labor protection there are stands:

- Safety while on the railway track;

- Computer and security;

- Fire safety;

- First aid;

- Safety signs.

And posters:

- Assistance in cardiac and respiratory arrest;

- Assistance with arterial bleeding;

- Traumatic amputation;

- Assistance with bone fractures;

- Assistance with burns;

- Step and touch voltage;

- Installations with isolated neutral;

- Installations with dead-earthed neutral;

- Electrical protective equipment;

- Movement on railway crossings;

- Power tool.

Stand "First aid"

To develop the practical skills of the first medical

and resuscitation care complex-simulator KTNP-01 was purchased

ELTEC. Practical development of techniques

emergency care in the mode of 12 programs is carried out directly

on a mannequin. The mannequin is controlled from a remote control mounted

on the waist belt model on the mannequin's torso. This model has

There is an anatomical display that allows you to visually simulate

vital organs. Usage

of this simulator allows you to visually and effectively train employees to provide

first medical and resuscitation aid to a person in

Introduction

I. Industrial injuries and the state of training in the rules and norms of labor safety 8

II. Theoretical basis training in the rules and norms of labor safety 31

2.1. Classification of techniques and teaching methods

2.2. Intelligent Learning Features 34

2.3. The structure of the training system 39

2.4. Representation of knowledge in the knowledge base and decision-making technique 41

2.5. Building an inference machine 45

2.6. Material means of education

2.7. Requirements for building a software package 56

2.8. General composition and structure of the software package 62

III. Structural diagram and principles of formation of the initial parameters of the training system for the rules and norms of labor safety

3.1. Structure and parameters of the system model as a learning object 74

3.2 Ways to describe the structure of a learning system 79

3.3 Method for choosing the optimal strategy of the learning system 32

3.4. Learner model 89

3.5. The criterion for the effectiveness of the functioning of the training system 96

IV. Automated complex for training the rules and norms of labor safety

4.1. Structure of the complex 99

4.2. Information retrieval system of normative and technical documentation 101

4.3. Knowledge control system with learning elements 103

4.4. Subsystem for monitoring the timing of verification and quality of knowledge

4.5. business game training in labor protection 108

References

Introduction to work

The urgency of the problem. In 1993, despite a sharp decline in production and a reduction in working hours, 340,000 people were injured in the country, including 7,600 who died and 13,800 became disabled. In relative terms, this is significantly higher than in most developed countries. According to the State Statistics Committee, with a 50% decline in production and a 2/3 reduction in capital investments. the number of victims decreased by only 5%, while the number of fatal injuries increased.

Therefore, the task of improving working conditions and labor protection is not only not removed from the agenda, but is becoming more and more urgent. It is solved by improving the "man-machine-environment" system. Man is its central link, because. as a result of his inadequate actions, ui 50 to 95% of all accidents occur.

One of the main reasons for such actions is insufficient staff training. This is explained by the fact that modern production requires complex practical skills, especially in emergency and emergency situations, when performing high-risk work (mining, oil and other industries), the acquisition and assimilation of which requires knowledge of a large number of provisions from regulatory and technical documentation.

The organization of training for all categories of workers in the rules and norms of labor safety is regulated by the standard. However, it does not provide any methods. In turn, there are a significant number modern methods, but they do not take into account the specifics of occupational safety training. Therefore, it is required, on the basis of modern methods, to create a methodology for teaching the rules and norms of labor safety and thus, due to the quality of personnel training, to stabilize, and subsequently. and improve the state of labor protection.

Objective consists in the development of an automated training complex for the rules and norms of labor safety, taking into account the personnel, their qualifications, forms of training, the content of the studied material, etc. To achieve this goal, the following scientific tasks are solved:

creation of a methodology for assessing the impact of personnel training on the occurrence of the causes of an accident;

creation of a methodology for determining the sequence of study educational material based on the development mathematical model formation of a learning strategy;

development of a methodology for determining the optimal amount of educational material based on the creation of a student model;

development of methods for automated 065 "learning and control of knowledge by trainees, as well as assessing the degree of assimilation of educational material.

Research methods. The studies were carried out using theories -probabilities, mathematical statistics, matrices, graphs, differential calculus, expert systems, database systems; methods - mathematical analysis, mathematical modeling, analysis of complex systems based on their representation in the form of reduced disjunctive normal forms. representation of the object under study in the form of a two-mode control object, approximate calculations, computer simulation.

Scientific novelty consists in the developed principles, models and methods for assessing the impact of personnel preparedness on the likelihood of its inappropriate actions; mathematical models for determining the level of preparedness of personnel and their training programs; creation of a training complex based on the developed models using computer technology.

The following main scientific provisions are submitted for defense:

the structure and principles of creating an intelligent automated system for teaching the rules and norms of labor safety;

a technique for choosing the order of presentation and volume of educational material based on the use of a mathematical model of the learning strategy. using the representation of the learning system in the form of reduced disjunctive normal forms (abbr.d.n.f.);

9 a method for assessing the individual abilities of a student based on the use of a model that represents him as a two-mode control object, the mode of operation of which is determined by the nature

ft the process of mastering or controlling knowledge (the processes under study are described

as differential equations with uncertain

coefficients).

Practical value. Driven by a reduction in injury rates by improving the quality of training achieved through the use of an individual approach, generalization of best practices and wide opportunities for independent work trainees.

Work implementation. The work was carried out within the framework of topic 01.28 "Develop a regulatory legal and program-information base for professional selection, training and certification of personnel at fuel and energy complex enterprises" on the basis of Decision N8 / 8 of 09/30/92 of the Collegium of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy and Gosgortekhnadzor "On the state of safety and protection of the fuel and energy complex" yes at enterprises TEK".

The main results of the research are reflected in the developed automated training complex, implemented at a number of enterprises of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy and consisting of the following parts:

information retrieval system of regulatory and technical
documentation;

knowledge control systems with learning elements;

subsystems for monitoring the timing of verification and quality of knowledge;

business game of controlling the level of mastering the material in the collective training of personnel.

Approbation of work. The main provisions of the dissertation were reported and discussed at:

"School-seminar on life safety "Poisk-92", Moscow, 1992;

interuniversity with international participation of scientific and practical
conference dedicated to the 20th anniversary of SamIIT "For technical progress
on the railways", Samara, 1993;

in the "VIII state scientific and methodological conference" New educational systems and technologies", Samara, 1993;

in the All-Russian Scientific and Methodological Conference "Integrated Systems continuing education", Samara, 1994;

scientific and methodological conference following the results of scientific and methodological work dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the University "Experience and problems of practical implementation of a multilevel education system", Samara, 1995;

International scientific conference "Problems of safety of railway transport", Novosibirsk, 1995;

International Symposium "Ecology and Life Safety, Scientific and Applied Aspects, Engineering Solutions" within the framework of the International Congress "Ecology, Life, Health", Volgograd, 1996;

International scientific and methodological conference "Problems of security and continuous education in ecology and the Belarusian Railway", St. Petersburg, 1996.

Representation of knowledge in the knowledge base and decision-making technique

A learning technique is the actions of the teacher leading to the achievement of the nearest specific learning goal.

The purposeful cognitive action of the student, carried out either in the external or in the ideal plan hidden from us, is called the method of teaching.

Under these conditions, the teaching method can be defined as a system of teaching methods, determined by the content of education, learning objectives and the structure of learning.

The definition of the teaching method through a system of teaching methods allows us to talk about the structure of the activity of the teacher and trainees. The approach to the method as to the structure of the activity of mutual communication determined the identity of the identified common methods training: information-receptive, reproductive, heuristic and partially search, research.

The method differs from one another in a set of training methods, their number and sequence. In addition, one of the learning techniques is dominant both in frequency of use and in time. If I dominate! methods of explanation and demonstration, then they determine the information-receptive method of teaching or the information-reporting method, and if the variation of questions and the setting of tasks, then such a teaching method will be research, which is in binary nomenclature (by binary lodlid we mean the classification of methods on two grounds, one of which related to the activity of the teacher, the other - to the activity of the student) as well as the incentive method of teaching and the search method of teaching. The definition of the teaching method through a system of techniques makes it possible to consider it from the point of view of the general functional activity of the teacher. So, when transferring to trainees theoretical knowledge or instructive provisions on the organization of cognitive activity, such techniques will dominate that organize the perception of students as an activity or imitate conditions creative activity. In the case of control over the level of assimilation, the method is determined by the variation of questions and a set of knowledge that is adequate to the objectives of the test. According to the nature of the most common functional activity of the teacher, two methods can be distinguished: information transfer and control. It is important to consider here that it is not a classification of methods that is presented, but they themselves, and that they can become the object of classification. Depending on the purpose of using this or that source of knowledge in teaching, the methods of transmitting information and control are divided into verbal, visual and practical. In turn, each of them can be productive or reproductive, depending on the purpose of organizing the cognitive activity of students, inductive or deductive, depending on the purpose of the logical aspect of the presentation of knowledge, research or programming, depending on the organization. independent activity etc. (fig.2.1). Considering learning techniques for more high level abstraction, it will be possible to single out a relatively small number of dominant techniques. These include: an explanation in any of its forms (explanation, message, description, briefing); demonstration of experiments, diagrams, drawings, drawings, models, paintings, etc.; 34 showing a practical action or an example of performing an action, solving a problem, writing rules, pronunciation rules, construction rules, etc.; setting questions, tasks, assignments; variation, that is, changing the conditions of tasks, questions, assignments, schemes, as well as a number of other techniques. In connection with the allocation of the concept of learning as the most important component of the concept of a method, it must be taken into account that the method itself involves the achievement of a number of specific goals, depending on which certain teaching methods are selected. Moreover, it can acquire independence from the method in which it enters, or become independent. Means of education can be divided into intellectual and material. Analyzing the activities of the teacher, one can single out a number of purposeful intellectual actions and their various types, but the learning process is not feasible. For example, the activities of the teacher, related to the replenishment of their own knowledge, are carried out systematically in preparation for classes. In fact, the process of THIS ACTIVITY REPRESENTS COOS cognitive activity, and it is characterized by all known patterns, methods and techniques of teaching, as well as creative activity. When preparing for classes, the teacher also performs actions for programming the learning process: selects the necessary and sufficient special information, as well as information of an instructive nature to manage the activities of students and provide feedback; plans study time, selects methods of transferring information and control (training methods), traces the sequence of THEIR application; selects the necessary material resources to illustrate material that is not well known to students and to directly include them in the learning process in connection with a special pedagogical task (to reveal the essence of the phenomenon, explain the laws, bring students to scientific generalizations); predicts possible training methods and decides the question of how adequate the selected methods will be individual characteristics trainees, etc. The activity of the teacher is, first of all, the activity of the intellectual system in solving a number of pedagogical problems. The first step is to extract knowledge.

Two main directions can be distinguished here: the formalization of qualitative knowledge and its integration. The first direction is associated with the creation of various methods that allow one to move from knowledge expressed in textual form to their analogues suitable for entering into the memory of an intelligent system. In connection with this problem, not only traditional methods for processing experimental data were developed, but also a completely new direction, called fuzzy mathematics.

The next big problem when considering intelligent systems is the representation of knowledge in memory. At present, four main knowledge models are used in intelligent systems: the model for nerves is closest to how knowledge is represented in natural language texts. It is based on the idea that any necessary information can be described as a set of triples of the form (a, x, b) where a to b are two objects or concepts, and x is a binary relation between them. Such a model graphically (Fig. 2.2) can be represented as a network in which objects or concepts correspond to vertices, and relations between THEM correspond to arcs.

Requirements for building a software package

With these principles in mind, the system software functions as follows. The system is started by activating the dispatcher. which resides permanently in memory. The dispatcher invokes the end user interface. After the user makes a choice within the window menu, the dispatcher loads the corresponding program module into the RAM. After its completion, control returns to the dispatcher, which activates the end user interface, and the described process is repeated.

In order to save RAM, the program modules of the dispatcher and the end user interface are written in the Borland C ++ programming language, the built-in libraries for working with graphics are written in the Mickrosoft C language, the rest of the modules are written in the Clipper language (in order to facilitate access to DBF files in the DBF format). In accordance with the requirements for construction, the PC has the following main components (Fig. 2.4): databases (DB);

Databases with source data are populated by end users with. using special application programs made in the form of information retrieval systems and contain data intended for long-term storage. They include the following databases: a database with educational material (as a rule, these are texts related to the relevant educational topics); DB with control m and questions and; in the database characterizing various topics of training (the names of TEM, BZLNPІSSBYAZЇЇ between topics, the amount of educational material, etc.). Databases with calculation results are formed in the course of operation of applied calculation programs. As a rule, in the course of their work, such programs change the contents of these databases. This includes databases containing the characteristics of specific trainees (the level of knowledge of the trainee on various topics, the ability of the trainee to assimilate information, etc.). Information from these databases is used when planning educational process, The database management system (DBMS), which is part of R. gosta R PC, is designed to implement centralized database management and provides access to data. Therefore, programs that use information from the database access the database not directly at the level of working with files, but through the DBMS. Since the information in the database files is stored in a special format, this software allows you to greatly simplify access to it. The DBMS performs the following main functions: “data entry, while providing the opportunity to accumulate data and make changes; processing requests for reading data; providing opportunities for organizing various types of information search in the database; deleting information from the database; other functions, such as reorganization of the location of data (records), allocation for processing of a part of the database strictly defined in accordance with the NUCLEAR condition, error handling when entering data and when processing requests to read data. The DBMS functions are performed by the built-in libraries of the "Clipper" programming language. Data dictionaries included in the PC are designed to store uniform and centralized information about all PC resources, which contain information about data, their properties and relationships, and names. semantic descriptions, structure, relationships with other data, possible meanings and formats of data presentation, sources of data. Data dictionaries serve the purpose of reducing data redundancy and inconsistency.

In the process of working with the PC end user, as well as prop-mshmm. using information from the database, work in terms of the conceptual data model (Fig. 2.5), i.e. with real data names. When accessing the data dictionary, the set of real names is converted to B MCSSTSBS (S], which describes the logical data model. According to the logical data model, the following information is stored in the data dictionary: grouping of data elements with indication of key elements, data model used, data group relationships within the framework of the logical model, about external models supported by the logical model (different logical data access paths), about programs and modules. The DBMS stores information about the physical representation of the data, such as length (in bytes), representation type (bit or character string, integer, float), precision (for numeric data), alignment (left, right, center), template (for data entry), validation rules (constant, range of values), location (consecutive position at which to place the entire data element inside the data block), the devices on which the database is located. Next, there is an appeal to the physical media (magnetic disk).

For example, the user needs to change the characteristic of the educational material "Training topic", while = "Training topic". After accessing the data dictionary, it is converted to is converted to [сі] - addresses of information blocks on a magnetic disk.

The data dictionaries included in the PC are implemented in software and based on fixed structure DBF format DB files. For example, a data dictionary that describes how tabular data is presented on the screen is a DBF file with the following fields:

Method for choosing the optimal strategy of the learning system

After the end user interface is activated, it checks for the existence of the intermediate file (block 2) used to communicate the end user interface with application programs. If GRT o "1 \j)vLI JJ does not exist, then this means that the end user interface is activated for the first time (after starting the PC). In this case, the user menu of the first \funny (block 3) is activated and the user either selects, or enters a command to shut down the PC. If the user makes a choice, the second level menu is activated (block 9. In this case, the user can give a command to return back (to the first level menu - block 3) or make a choice (i.e. give the command to activate the program module corresponding to the selected menu item. In this case, the name of the corresponding program module is written to an intermediate file (this file will be read by the dispatcher) - block 12 and the end user interface ends its work (block 8), passing the termination code "zero" to the dispatcher (so that the dispatcher "knows" that he needs to run the program whose name is contained in the intermediate file) - baok! 3. On subsequent launches of the end user interface the intermediate file will exist (block 2), while I perform the activation of the second level menu (block 9) and the described process is repeated (the contents of the intermediate file are first read in order to determine which second level menu to activate). In the case when the user enters the command to shut down the PC (block 4). first, the intermediate file is deleted (so that the next time the PC is started, the end user interface activates the first level menu - block 6), then the end user interface exits (block 8), exit code "one" to the dispatcher (so that the dispatcher "knows" that he it is necessary to shut down the PC) - block 7. The PC Manager is designed to manage the entire process of PC functioning. The dispatcher, constantly being in the RAM of the PC, launches the remaining components of the PC in the required sequence. 70 The dispatcher is launched at the initial start of the PC. when lip variable M is assigned the left value (block 2). This variable is used to ensure that the dispatcher "knows" which program has previously completed its work - the application program or the end user interface. Next, the value of the variable M is checked. If it is equal to zero. the dispatcher activates the end user interface (block 8). The end user interface module in the course of its work (depending on the user's choice) creates an intermediate file into which the name of the program to be launched is written and, at the end of its work, sends the termination code to the dispatcher (through the onqvannoHHort system), which is read by the dispatcher into variable C (block 9). B case. if the exit code is not equal to zero (this means that the user gave the command to end the session with the PC) - block 10, the dispatcher stops its work. Otherwise, the variable M is assigned a single value (block 7) so that the dispatcher "knows" about the need to run the next application program. Next, information is read from the intermediate file into the FILE variable (block 4) and the application program with this name is launched (block 5). After that, the variable M is set to zero (block 6) due to the fact that the next activated module should be the end user interface, and the described process is repeated. Application programs included in the PC, as a rule, use information from database files. These programs are divided into four classes: information retrieval systems; » settlement programs; » interactive survey programs; reporting programs. і Information retrieval systems are designed for input, data correction by the end user, independent work of the student with educational material, viewing the progress of the learning process. As a rule, these programs interact with the user using a non-procedural query language in a hierarchical menu system and upon request provide data in tabular form (for example, data on control questions, educational topics, educational material, etc.). Calculation programs are designed to carry out various used in the planning of the educational process. As a rule, they use a database with initial data and a database with the results of previous calculations as input parameters, and the obtained values ​​are rewritten into a database with the calculation results. The dialogue with the user usually comes down to issuing information about the stage at which the calculations are, as well as the user's ability to interrupt the work) of the program. The PC includes the following main calculation modules: a module for choosing a preferred topic of study; a module that calculates the required amount of educational material, which is presented to the student during the training session (lesson); a module that determines the required intensity of the survey.

Interactive polling programs are designed for conducting control polls. As a rule, these programs completely take the initiative of conducting a dialogue on themselves, asking the trainee control questions and fixing his answers.

Reporting programs are used to generate output documents using data from the database with the results of calculations. Upon request, they provide the user with generalized information about the course of the educational process (at what level is the knowledge of the training group as a whole, what is the dynamics of learning for a particular student, etc.). Output documents can be presented in the form of tables, as well as in the form of graphs, charts and histograms.

Subsystem for monitoring the timing of verification and quality of knowledge

The information retrieval system (IPS) of normative and technical documentation k is designed for prompt issuance of information from normative and technical documentation on labor protection and improving the quality W of studying safety rules and standards. The collection of this information is carried out by the labor protection services of the enterprise.

Output information is issued promptly, at the request of the user. The result of the work of the information system of normative and technical documentation is the formation of a document (or a group of documents) obtained as a result of an organized search in the database of normative and technical documentation on labor protection. All information is displayed on the display screen, if desired, you can get a printout on the printer. The input information necessary for organizing the search for regulatory documents is formed in the form of a dialogue with the user. This subsystem provides a flexible dialogue system and has the ability to adapt to the level of user knowledge. The dialogue language for information retrieval in the database of documentary and factual data includes the following main services: training in working with the system (hint); step-by-step descriptive-characteristic search in the database of documents; searching for documents by values, fragments and other reasons. The IS forms an array of data, including: catalogs of regulatory and reference documentation; content or excerpts from regulatory and reference documents in force in the industry. The array in accordance with is divided into four blocks: legislation on labor protection; occupational health and industrial sanitation; safety precautions; fire and explosion safety. The first block includes the following documents: legislative acts, fundamental standards of the SSBT and an agreement on labor protection or a collective agreement. The second block contains reference materials on the regulation of harmful production factors from SSBT, SN, SNIP, regulatory material regulating the use of PPE, therapeutic and preventive measures, labor protection measures, maintenance of buildings, structures and premises. The third block consists of all-Union and industry rules and norms governing the provision of labor safety requirements (PTE and PTB, RD, etc.). The fourth block contains indicators of fire and explosion safety used in the industry and regulatory documents regulating the prevention and protection against fire and explosion. An array of information and reference documentation by its importance. frequency of use and importance is divided into three groups: documents entered in full; documents from which excerpts are given; i 03 titles of documents referenced. The IPS array consists of a document description and text. Its structure includes: keywords; a source of information; Document Number; Title of the document; document text. The initial information is recorded on a magnetic disk for storage. If necessary, it can be partially corrected or completely replaced. The search for information is carried out either by "keywords", separate fragments. By "key" is called a word or phrase that carries the most significant information. The knowledge control system with training elements is designed to intensify the training process and improve the quality of personnel training on labor protection issues. The system uses two methods of preparation - according to one normative document or several, while it is necessary to determine: which specific documents to prepare (control); what specific places (excerpts) to take from each document. This is done by an expert in accordance with the methods set out: in 3.3 and 3.4, while assessing the degree of assimilation of the material (score) and the quality of preparation (which topics are learned and which are not). Regardless of the type of training, in accordance with the methods set out in 3.3, 3.4 and 2.5, the following is calculated: a set of topics in the ticket; equivalence of tickets in terms of complexity; the number of questions in the ticket; a specific set of questions from a large normative document, covering its most significant parts; passing score, taking into account the contingent of trainees, intelligence, complexity and volume of tasks assigned to the trainee, determined by the work (position) performed by him. In accordance with Section 2, the following basic requirements are imposed on a knowledge control system with learning elements: ease of operation (it is possible to use it by a non-specialist in computer technology); the ability to quickly make changes to the content control questions and documents on which prokvo; education; exclusion of the possibility of guessing the correct answers; the presence of an element of training and the possibility of self-training; the possibility of obtaining a differentiated assessment of knowledge; “the ability to control knowledge without contact between the student and the teacher: taking into account the contingent, the intelligence of the students, etc. The result of the work of the knowledge control system is a differentiated assessment of the level of training on labor protection issues for employees of the enterprise. The resulting assessment is used to make a decision to improve the quality of training of employees of the enterprise in the sections of labor protection. In addition, you can get information about the answers that were given to the questions being checked, as well as the correct answers to the questions of the ticket. All information is displayed on the display screen. The input information necessary for solving the problem is formed in the course of a survey of the subject. It is presented in the form of answers to the control questions set in the "exam mode", from which the tickets are composed. i 05 Each ticket contains ten questions. Questions (except sequence questions) can have one or more answers, and a hint may be displayed if the answer is wrong. The algorithm of the task forms an array based on the normative and technical documentation exam tickets. Questions in the ticket, as a rule. paired. The purpose of the second question is to provide a dialogue by: dividing a complex issue into two simpler ones; from the simpler first part lead to the correct answer to the second more complex part of the question; by means of hints in the second part, give the opportunity to answer the question again. Each question is built according to one of the following principles: choosing one correct answer out of five; constructing an answer from several (two - three) answers out of five; constructing an answer by building five answers in a certain sequence. Each paired question is worth ten points. The number of balls for each of the two parts of the question is set depending on their complexity. The correct answer to the question of the first type is estimated by the set number of points. If the examinee answered the question of the second type partially, then he receives, accordingly, an incomplete number of points. For example, if a question contains three correct answers and scores B six points, then two points are assigned for the correct choice of one, four points for two, and all six points for three. In case of errors in constructing an answer to a question of the third type, an incomplete number of points is also assigned.

Grigoriev, Anatoly Artamonovich

Real learning

In occupational safety classes you will learn:

• basics of OT management in production;
• how to ensure the safety of production activities;
• ensuring the requirements of OT and issues related to it;
• methodology for organizing training on labor protection in the workplace;
• subtleties of social protection of those who suffered at work.

It is worth remembering that the management of the organization and production specialists are required to undergo OT training at least once every 3 years. However, employers have the opportunity to create personal labor protection commissions, which is regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Art. 218. Members of the commission are trained according to an expanded program, after which they have the right to conduct training on labor protection in the workplace on their own.

Who should be trained in occupational health and safety?

Our center offers OT training courses that comply with the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated 13.01.2003 No. 1/29 on the sequence of training and testing knowledge of OT employees of organizations.

Compulsory education includes:

• management personnel of organizations and departments;
• employees who are responsible for labor protection;
• members of the commission for the protection and assessment of working conditions;
• managers and specialists responsible for organizing and performing work on the ground, exercising technical supervision and control;
• authorized persons of trade unions and other organizations that represent the interests of employees of organizations.

We are professionals! Every year in our organization more than 2000 people are trained throughout Russia (according to the labor protection program). The teachers of our center regularly improve their knowledge in organizations controlled by the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. OSH programs used by our specialists are constantly upgraded in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation.

We use modern remote educational technologies, which allow students to receive training on the job, being anywhere in Russia and the world.

We have all permits for training and have a license from the Moscow Department of Education.

How is OT training going? Our center offers a complete OT training in just 40 hours. But since the specifics of the work of enterprises are different, our specialists will help you choose the best course and amount of information that will correspond to the activities of your organization. In this case, you have the right to choose the most convenient way of learning:

• remote;
• with the departure of the teacher to the enterprise;
• in the auditorium of our center;
• according to an individual schedule created by our company specifically for your organization.