Immortal maternal feat. Maternal feat. Story-tale Woe to mothers during the Second World War
In different parts of the former Soviet Union a few monuments were erected to mothers who did not wait for their sons from the front.
On May 7, 1995, on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, in the village of Alekseevka, Kinelsky District, Samara Region, Grand opening memorial of the Volodichkin family. The mother of warriors, Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina, is surrounded by nine cranes, as a symbol of expectation and faith. Nine cranes - nine sons who gave their lives in the name of Victory. Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina accompanied nine of her sons to the front. The woman was left alone - her husband died back in 1935. With the youngest - Nikolai - the mother did not even have time to say goodbye before the war. Having finished his service in Transbaikalia, he was supposed to return home, but he drove past his native places, only throwing a note folded into a tube out of the window of the car: “Mom, dear mother. Don't grieve, don't grieve. Don't worry. We're going to the front. We will defeat the Nazis and we will all return to you. Wait. Your Kolka. He never returned. As well as five of his brothers. After the sixth funeral in January 1945, the mother's heart could not stand the loss. Three of her sons returned from the front seriously wounded. From a huge family, in which, if not for the war, there were many children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, there was no one left.
Anastasia Akatievna Larionova, a resident of the village of Mikhailovka, Sargatsky district of the Omsk region, accompanied her seven sons to the front: Grigory, Panteley, Procopius, Peter, Fedor, Mikhail, Nikolai. All of them died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. On June 22, 2002, in the regional center of Sargatskoye, she was given a concrete monument for her maternal feat, which was dedicated to all Russian mothers who lost their sons during the war years. The monument is a figure of a woman who is depicted standing at the gate in simple strict clothes. A mournful face is framed by a handkerchief, grief is imprinted in the wrinkles of the forehead. Eyes are directed into the distance in the hope to see the native silhouettes of children. Left hand pressed hard against her heart to contain his pain. On May 9, 2010, on the day of the 65th anniversary of the Victory, the concrete monument was replaced by its exact copy, but made of bronze.
In November 2010, at the initiative of the employees of the rural library of the Sokolovsky rural settlement of the Gulkevichsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, a monument to a mother of many children was erected at the burial site Efrosinya Babenko, all four of whose sons died on the battlefields during the Great Patriotic War. The woman herself died 15 years after the end of the war, she had no relatives and friends left.
In 1975, in Zhodino (Republic of Belarus), near the road Brest - Moscow, a monument to the Patriot Mother was opened, the prototype of which was Anastasia Fominichna Kursevich (Kupriyanova) who lost five sons during the Great Patriotic War. The sculptural composition represents the moment of farewell of a mother with her sons, who leave along a symbolic road to protect their Motherland, liberate their home from the enemy, restore peace and happiness to all mothers on Earth. The youngest son, Petya, his mother's favorite, looked back in her direction for the last time ...
Mother's Monument Tatyana Nikolaevna Nikolaeva who lost six of her eight sons in the war. Izederkino village, Morgaushsky district, Chuvashia. Tatyana Nikolaevna gave birth and raised 8 sons. Grigory, Alexander, Rodion, Frol, Mikhail, Yegor, Ivan, Pavel participated in the Great Patriotic War. Grigory, Yegor, Ivan, Pavel died in battle. Frol and Rodion died shortly after the war from their wounds. In his native village in May 1984, a monument to the glorious Chuvash mother T.N. Nikolaeva was opened. She was included in the Honorary Book of Labor Glory and Heroism of the Chuvash ASSR in 1978.
Monument Kalista Pavlovna Soboleva in the distant Arkhangelsk village of Shakhanovka, Shenkur district. In 2004, an article was published in the Pravda Severa newspaper: “In our region, in the Shenkur district, in the village of Shakhanovka, there lived a woman whose name should also be well known. This is Kalista Pavlovna Soboleva, whose sons did not return from the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War. Kalista Pavlovna did not wait for a single blood - from 1905 to 1925 years of birth. Having learned about the Victory, she put seven photographs on the table, filled seven piles of bitter, invited her fellow villagers to remember her sons - Kuzma, Ivan, Andrey, Nikita, Pavel, Stepan, Joseph ... Kalista Pavlovna lived poorly, walked in bast shoes. She worked on a collective farm, was awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945." Like all collective farmers, she did not receive a pension for a long time, only in Khrushchev's time they began to pay her six rubles a month, then - 12, and after - 18. The countrymen sympathized with her, helped her plant and dig potatoes. She died in the mid-sixties. "
In 2004, a monument was erected on the central square in the Omsk region in the village of Krutinki Akulina Semenovna Shmarina, mothers of five sons who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.
In the city of Zadonsk - a monument to the mother Maria Matveevna Frolova. Diagonally from the monastery, in a square, near the monastery hotel, there is a sculptural group - the Sorrowing Mother and a number of obelisks with the names of her sons. Mikhail, Dmitry, Konstantin, Tikhon, Vasily, Leonid, Nikolai, Peter... This Russian mother, who raised and raised 12 children, had eight sons taken away by the war.
A monument was erected in the village of Bub, Perm Territory Yakovleva Matryona Ivanovna. During the war, she sold everything she had: a house, cattle, things. She came to the village council with a bag of money (100 thousand rubles) with the words: "Buy a plane with this money. My sons are at war, we need to help." The plane was bought. None of the sons returned from the war. And for the rest of her life, Matryona Ivanovna lived in the houses of fellow villagers in turn, it was an honor for everyone that she would live in their house. The monument to Matryona Ivanovna was erected by fellow villagers.
The Kuban peasant woman became the personification of all mother-heroines. Epistinia Stepanova, who laid on the altar of Victory the most precious thing she had - the lives of her nine sons: Alexander, Nikolai, Vasily, Philip, Fedor, Ivan, Ilya, Pavel and Alexander.
Marshal of the Soviet Union A. A. Grechko and Army General A. A. Epishev wrote to her in 1966:
“Nine sons were raised and brought up by you, nine people dearest to you were blessed for feats of arms in the name of the Soviet Motherland. With their military deeds, they brought the day of our Great Victory over enemies, glorified their names. ... You, a soldier's mother, are called by the soldiers their mother. They send you the filial warmth of their hearts, before you, a simple Russian woman, they kneel."
In the Kuban, in the village of Dneprovskaya, a museum has been opened. It bears the name of the Stepanov brothers. People also call it the Museum of the Russian Mother. After the war, the mother of all her sons gathered here. The things that are stored in it can hardly be called the museum word "exhibits". Each item speaks of maternal love and filial tenderness. Here is everything that the mother took care of: Vasily's violin, a notebook with Ivan's poems, a handful of earth from Sasha's grave ... Appeals to the mother are full of filial love and care: “I think about you a lot, I live mentally with you, dear mother. I often remember my home, my family.”
In recent years, Epistinia Fedorovna, a personal pensioner of federal significance, lived in Rostov-on-Don, in the family of her only daughter, teacher Valentina Mikhailovna Korzhova. She died there on February 7, 1969. The soldier's mother was buried in the village of Dneprovskaya in the Timashevsk region of the Krasnodar Territory with full military honors, where her sons were "placed" in a symbolic mass grave. Soon there was a whole memorial dedicated to the Stepanovs. Having equated her maternal feat with a military one, the Motherland awarded Epistinia Feodorovna Stepanova with the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
On the big arms of a tired mother
Her last son was dying.
Field winds gently stroked
The silver linen of his gray hair.
Gymnastics with an open collar
Dull spots on it.
From severe wounds
In the wet plowing
His blood fell like fire.
- I didn’t cherish you, son,
Didn't I take care of you, dear? ..
clear eyes,
Those curls are white
She gave her heroic strength.
I thought the holidays would come together in life ...
You were my last joy!
Now your eyes are closed
White light in eyelashes
Was not nice. -
Seeing her sad tear,
Surrounded the mother among the fields
Nine troubles that broke the Russian heart,
Nine sons who fell in battle.
The tanks were cold, they were torn apart by thunder,
The horses of the occasion stepped in.
... Mother stood up in the village on the main square
And petrified forever.
(Ivan Varavva)
She was not a brave pilot, she was not a foundry worker, she was not a front-line sapper, she was a mother from whom World War II took all the children. Why talk about mothers? Because they never talk about the mothers of war, it’s as if they didn’t exist. And at the same time, what they experienced, no one experienced. The first person I want to talk about is Proskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina. She is one of those few, and maybe the only one, who has been awarded real memory. In the village Alekseevka near the city of Kinel in the Samara region. costs memorial Complex in her honor. It's called "Mother's Courage". The monumental granite sculpture of a woman is surrounded by 9 bronze cranes - her nine dead children. And at the bottom there is an inscription: “To the Volodichkin family. Grateful Russia. Six sons of Proskovia Eremeevna died at the front. She didn't even say goodbye to her younger brother before leaving for the war. Kolya was a conscript, he was already supposed to be returning home from Transbaikalia. But he was immediately sent to the front. He rode towards his death past his home. From the window of the car he threw a piece of paper with the words for his mother: “Mommy, dear. Don't grieve, don't grieve. We will defeat the Nazis and we will all return to you. Wait." He did not return, and neither did his brothers. From the 41st to the 43rd, Alexander, Nikolai, Andrei, Mikhail, Fedor were killed at the front. In the 45th - Vasily. The woman held six funerals in her hands. It's hard to imagine what she experienced. Three were still alive, but the last funeral killed her - her heart could not stand it. Three died shortly after the war from wounds. Forty years after the war, in the 80s, a local teacher decided to create a museum in memory of the Volodichkin family. I placed it in one room of their house, then the exposition grew. And then the initiative group of the Book of Memory and many other enthusiasts got down to business. On the next anniversary of the victory, or rather in the 95th, a memorial appeared. And he immediately became very famous all over the world, he was visited by many famous political public figures. A. Solzhenitsyn's visit to Alekseevka was symbolic. This memorial is not the best, and this family is not the only one, and not the most heroic, but it is a symbol of our common memory of such families. About those who sacrificed several generations of their loved ones for the sake of Victory and future Freedom. And how many more mothers there were throughout the Union, unfortunate, waiting and not waiting for their children from the crucible of war. Anna Aleksakhina sent 8 children to the front. Four did not live to win. Tatyana Nikolaevna Nikolaeva from Chuvashia sent all her 8 sons to the war. Four did not return from the war. And the story of each of them is not just the story of death at the front - it's the story of heroes. One of them was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Epistinia Fedorovna Stepanova gave 9 sons to the war. She was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, and the Order of the Mother Heroine. Stepanova's life was more than tragic. The war took 9 sons from her, 9 young men died in the war or later died from their wounds. In the city of Timashevsk, a memorial bust was erected to one of her sons, and she herself became known throughout the Union. A lot was written about her in the newspapers, her name was included in memorial books, a museum in Timashevsk is dedicated to the memory of her family, a film was made about her. Marshal Grechko once wrote an appeal to Stepanova, which should become an appeal to the memory of all mothers of war. He said that having raised her sons as soldiers, she brought Victory closer for the whole country, all the soldiers of the country "kneel before you, a simple Russian woman."
Mothers who lost all or several of their sons in the war were especially revered in Russia.
In long-suffering Russia, the mother's name and attitude towards her has always been sacred. But, to our greatest shame, only a few of those mothers who lost all or several of their sons in the war are worthily immortalized in the memory of their descendants.
Such a rare exception to the sad rule is the majestic memorial complex "Mother's Valor" in the village of Alekseevka in the city of Kinel, Samara Region, dedicated to Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina. The memorial is a bronze sculpture of the mother-heroine, surrounded by nine bronze cranes located on a granite stele, symbolizing her nine sons. Six sons of Praskovya Eremeevna died at the front of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. the death of the brave, three later died of their wounds. She did not wait for these last surviving sons: she received news of the death of her sixth son, and her heart could not stand it ... Praskovya Volodichkina was awarded the Order "Mother Heroine" number 1.
Anna Savelyevna Aleksakhina, the mother of ten children, sent eight sons to the front. Four of them did not live to see the Victory. The Kuban peasant woman Epistimia Fedorovna Stepanova, who lost her six sons at the front, was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class. Tatyana Nikolaevna Nikolaeva from Chuvashia also gave six of her eight sons to the Motherland.
And how many unknown Russian heroine mothers lost their sons on the fronts of the First World War!.. From the surviving historical chronicle of that time, there are known cases of the death of all or most of the officer brothers from hereditary military families. At the same time, for example, the fate of six officer brothers - the sons of Major General Mikhail Ivanovich Stavsky - was widely reported. The eldest of them was killed in Japanese war. The remaining five brothers ended up on the fronts of the First World War, and three of them died in battle. And it is not surprising that their death was spoken of as a heroic deed of three Russian heroes. The first brother, lieutenant Nikolai Stavsky, died attacking the enemy and raising a battalion into battle, which had lost its commander. The soldiers utterly defeated the enemy, but their new commander was mortally wounded in the head. For this feat, by decree of the emperor, Lieutenant Stavsky was posthumously awarded the honorary Golden St. George's weapon. His brother Ivan exactly repeated this feat, raising two companies of soldiers to attack, and was also struck down by an enemy bullet. The third brother, Alexander Stavsky, had the opportunity to stay in the rear, as he held a public position, but went to the front after his brother officers, and was awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree for a number of exploits. All the newspapers wrote about one of his feats. He, already an officer of the Life Dragoon Regiment, while on horseback reconnaissance with a dozen cavalrymen, broke away from his unit and fought behind enemy lines for six months until he broke through to his regiment. It was a dashing cavalryman and also laid down his head in the attack, directing his horsemen to the enemy.
When talking about these heroes, the newspapers never mentioned the unfortunate mothers of the fallen soldiers, but one maternal tragedy of that war left its mark both in the memory of her contemporaries and on the pages of the surviving newspapers.
This is the story of Vera Nikolaevna Panaeva, the mother of three sons - hussar officers. These were captains Boris and Lev Panaev and staff captain Gury Panaev. They served in the famous 12th Akhtyrsky Hussar General Denis Davydov Regiment (the same partisan poet, hero of the war of 1812). The Panaev family was well known in Russia. Vladimir Ivanovich Panaev (1792-1859) was once a popular poet. His nephew Ivan Ivanovich Panaev (1812-1862) became a writer who, together with the great Nekrasov, revived the Sovremennik magazine. His wife, Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva (Golovacheva), also left a noticeable mark in the memoirs of that time. Many Panaevs served in the Russian army. The grandfather of the brothers-heroes Alexander Ivanovich, a university friend of the writer S.T. Aksakov, participated as an officer in the Patriotic War of 1812 and was awarded for bravery with two types of award weapons - Golden and Anninsky. His son Colonel Arkady Alexandrovich Panaev (1822-1889) was a hero Crimean War and adjutant of the commander-in-chief of naval and ground forces in the Crimea Alexander Sergeevich Menshikov. Possessing hereditary literary talent, he wrote a book of memoirs about his commander. Arkady Alexandrovich was married to Vera Nikolaevna Odintsova. In his family, living in the city of Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg, four sons were born, whom he raised as future military men. His early death shifted the upbringing of the children to a widow, who not only did not interfere with their military aspirations, but also helped them to establish themselves in their choice, although they chose the most difficult and dangerous military professions - light cavalry and fleet. The mother was the closest person for the brothers, and they were the greatest joy and care in her life for her. By the time the Great War began, they were already thirty years of experienced officers: three served, as already mentioned, in the 12th Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment, and one in the Navy. The eldest of the brothers, Boris Arkadyevich Panaev, had already gone through the Russo-Japanese war, experienced all its hardships and was wounded twice. For his bravery, he was awarded four military orders, and was not only a caring commander, but also committed an act that the whole army was talking about. In one of the battles, Panaev saw that the orderly, who was galloping with a report, was wounded, and the Japanese wanted to capture him. Under heavy rifle fire, a brave officer rode up to him and took the wounded soldier from the battlefield to the Russian trenches.
Service in the Akhtyrsky regiment was not easy, I had to take care not only of personal training, but also of the maintenance and training of my horse. But, despite being busy, the Akhtyr hussars found time both for literary impromptu and for a funny joke. Photographs of the dashing horse riding of the Panaev brothers and the playful training of the horse, which helped to put on his master Gury Panaev's overcoat, have been preserved. And the family literary gift manifested itself, in particular, in the writing by Lev Arkadievich of the poem “On the revival of the hussars”:
Hurry up put on your dolmans
Hussars of former glorious years,
Insert sultans into the shako
And buckle up your menticoat.
Today is a great day for us
Hussar and partisan Denis,
Hear our voice and clicks
Arise from the grave, come here...
The war forced the brothers and their fellow soldiers to forget all the hussar amusements and plunge into the fiery military abyss, which instantly swallowed up many of them.
Russian officers have always been distinguished by selfless courage and the desire to be ahead of their soldiers, which ultimately led to their mass death. So, by 1917, in some parts, up to 86% of the officers were killed or incapacitated.
In addition, Russian officers had difficulty getting used to modern methods wars, where not only courage was required, but also reasonable cold prudence in battle. This largely explains the successes of the enemy troops in a number of battles in which German and Austrian officers only as a last resort went ahead of the soldiers. In his memoirs, the Minister of War of that time, Infantry General A.A. Polivanov noted that the Russian soldier fights stubbornly and climbs anywhere when there is an officer who leads him ...
The first to die was the most experienced, hardened in battles with the Japanese, thirty-six-year-old Boris Panaev. In the most difficult August battles of 1914, he and his squadron attacked the superior forces of the enemy - the enemy cavalry brigade and was twice wounded in a short time. He received a particularly severe wound in the abdomen. Overcoming terrible pain, he continued to lead the squadron on the attack and entered into battle with the commander of the enemy unit. The enemy, seeing this, concentrated all his fire on the Russian officer. Several bullets pierced his head ... The hussars, inspired by the feat of the commander, forced the enemy to retreat with a desperate attack. Boris Panaev died on August 13, and posthumously, by decree of October 7, 1914, was awarded the order St. George 4th degree. In his book on cavalry tactics, "Squadron Leader in Battle," he wrote in 1909: "It's a pitiful chief, whose attack part failed - repulsed, but he is safe and sound." And he remained true to himself not only in words, but also in deeds ...
We don’t know when his mother received the news of her son’s death, but most likely, two terrible news came at the same time ... Two weeks later, in the same attack, in Galicia, the second brother, thirty-five-year-old staff captain Gury Panaev, also died. At the same time, a few minutes before his death, he repeated the feat of his older brother: he carried a wounded private hussar from the battlefield. He was posthumously awarded, like his brother, the Order of St. George 4th degree. Here is how one of the brother-soldiers described the feat of Guria: “... Gury Panaev, fighting off him, fell struck by a bullet and a fragment of a shell in the chest. His body was found on a dead horse, the bridle of which he continued to hold in his hand even when he was dead. Death had cast a striking beauty upon his face. Guriy buried his brother Boris, Lev buried Guriy ... ".
In the same battle, the third brother, captain Lev Panaev, earned the Golden St. George weapon for capturing enemy trenches and artillery pieces by horseback. Struck by the double blow of fate - the death of his brothers, he, nevertheless, finds in himself the spiritual strength to write a letter of consolation to the mother of his fighting friend Nikolai Flegontovich Temperov, who also died in battle:
“... May the Lord God send you consolation in sorrow and rest the pure soul of Nikolasha with the righteous ... three days later, next to him, I buried my brother Gury, who also died a glorious death during the attack ... Earlier on August 13, the Lord called my elder brother in the same way Boris. These are the losses, dear Maria Nikolaevna, that you and my mother suffered, laying expensive sacrifices on the altar of the Fatherland ... May the Akhtyrskaya Mother of God help you in sorrow, standing before the cross and looking at the suffering of her Divine Son ... ".
In less than a few months, the unfortunate Vera Nikolaevna received the third terrible news. On January 19, 1915, her third son, thirty-two-year-old Lev Panaev, accomplished a truly unprecedented feat.
He and his cavalry soldiers stopped the retreating infantry regiment and, leading it, went on foot through the deep snow. bayonet attack on the machine guns of the enemy, and captured his impregnable defensive positions at the cost of his life. Posthumously, he, like his brothers, was awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree. An eyewitness of the battle wrote: “... Not only was the enemy’s attack repulsed, part of his positions were taken, many prisoners were captured, several machine guns, but in this attack Captain Lev Panaev was killed on the spot with two bullets in the liver.” The feat of the Panaev brothers not only struck the whole of patriotic Russia, but also became an example and a call for everyone to volunteer for the front. In the Nikolayevsky Cavalry School, native to the brothers, they decided to open a marble plaque with a description of their feat and place it in a new training room. Sculptor V.V. Lishev portrayed V.N. Panaev in the form of a noblewoman, who, with a three-fold fold-icon and three swords in her hands, blesses her three sons bowing before her in the form of ancient Russian knights ... One cannot but admire the act of the last of the Panaev brothers - Plato. He, a career officer of the Russian navy, left the naval service for Far East where he was commander gunboat"Siberian" to go to the front and face the enemy face to face. The response to this act of the commander of the 8th Army, General of the Cavalry A.A. Brusilov, who said that the Panaevs are a truly heroic family, and the more of them, the better. Meanwhile, the command of the fleet, wishing to save the life of the last of the Panaev brothers, prevented him from being sent to the front and sent him to serve in a naval headquarters post in Petrograd.
And then the great mother turned to his superiors with a demand to immediately send her son to the front, where his brothers died, and defend their Fatherland with weapons in their hands. The admirals, amazed by Panaeva's act, could not refuse her and sent Platon Arkadyevich to one of the active squadrons of the Russian fleet.
From April 1, 1916, he already participated in hostilities, and on April 2, an imperial rescript was signed and widely publicized on awarding Vera Nikolaevna Panaeva with the distinction of St. Olga, 2nd degree. This badge was instituted on July 11, 1915 by Emperor Nicholas II to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty, “taking into account the merits of women in various fields of state and public service, as well as their exploits and labors for the benefit of their neighbor.” I think it would be appropriate to quote here the text of the royal rescript in full.
Order
at the Nikolaev Cavalry School
I announce with pride and happy joyful feeling the HIGHEST rescript addressed to the Minister of War. In the current great war our army showed an endless series of examples of high valor, fearlessness and heroic deeds, both of whole units and individuals. Particular attention was drawn to the heroic death of the three Panaev brothers, officers of the 12th Hussar Akhtyrsky General Denis Davydov, now Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of the regiment of captains Boris and Leo and staff captain Guria, who valiantly fell on the battlefield. The Panayev brothers, imbued with a deep consciousness of the holiness of the oath they had given, fearlessly fulfilled their duty to the end and gave their lives for the Tsar and the Motherland. All three brothers were awarded the Order of St. George 4th century, and their death in open battle is an enviable lot of soldiers who have become their breasts to protect Me and the Fatherland. I fully attribute such a correct understanding of their duty by the Panaev brothers to their mother, who raised her sons in the spirit of selfless love and devotion to the throne and Motherland. The consciousness that her children honestly and courageously fulfilled their duty, may it fill the mother's heart with pride and help her steadfastly endure the test sent down from above. Recognizing it as a blessing to note the merits to me and the Fatherland of the widow of Colonel Vera Nikolaevna Panaeva, who raised the heroes of her sons, I pity her, in accordance with Art. 8th Statute of the insignia of St. Equal-to-the-Apostles Princess Olga, this badge of the 2nd degree and a lifetime annual pension of 3,000 rubles.
I remain kind to you.
Nikolay.
For another two years, the mother lived in the hope that the last son would still return home, and every day she prayed for him and all Russian soldiers, but in 1918 the last brother-officer Platon Panaev was gone ...
It was already a different time, no one cared about the heroic or tragic death of a front-line Russian officer - revolutionary confusion and madness swept Russia. And in 1923, the heart of the mother of the fallen heroes of the First World War, the hereditary Russian noblewoman Vera Nikolaevna Panaeva, could not stand it, just as it could not stand it much later with another mother - a simple Russian woman Praskovya Yeremeevna Volodichkina ...
The Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Princess Olga exists today. It was established by the decision of His Holiness Patriarch Pimen of Moscow and All Russia and the Holy Synod of December 28, 1988, to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Russia.
Special for the Centenary
"Let's remember everyone by name"
Nikolai Stepanovich Fedorov, methodologist of the Yakutsk State United Museum of the History and Culture of the Peoples of the North. Yaroslavsky, together with colleagues from regional museums, did a great research work- established the names of mothers who sent four or more sons to the front for war. There were 24 of them. Just think and imagine - 24 mothers from Yakutia sent more than 90 of their sons to the front. In total, historians and local historians identified 188 mothers who sent three or more children to the front.
The most famous of the mothers of Yakutia, who sent their sons to the front, in Soviet period was and still is Fevronya Nikolaevna Malgina from the Tattinsky (Alekseevsky) district, who accompanied five of her sons to the war.
She became a symbol of all mothers who lost their children in the war. And most mothers remained unknown to many. In the post-war period, it was necessary to work, to raise the country from ruins, and there was no time for honors and glory.
“Most of their sons died in battle, went missing, died in captivity in fascist camps. We know of a case when a mother lost all her four sons, and the places of their death are unknown, they are still considered missing, ”says Nikolai Fedorov, who established the names and surnames of mothers previously unknown to many.
"I was killed near Rzhev, He - still near Moscow ..."
Krivoshapkina Irina Mikhailovna (1857-1958). A resident of the Namsky ulus.
Irina Mikhailovna sent her six sons and four sons-in-law to the war. A unique case when ten people stood up from one house to defend the Motherland. Of these, two sons remained on the battlefield. Irina Mikhailovna at the age of 60 gave birth to the eleventh child, and at the age of 61 she gave birth to the last, twelfth. In 1947, she was awarded the title of "Mother Heroine".
Sons' names:
1. Krivoshapkin Mikhail Fedotovich (1889-1977). Called into the army 10.10. 1943
2. Krivoshapkin Petr Fedotovich (1899-1973). Called into the army 10.10. 1943
3. Krivoshapkin Zakhar Fedotovich (1910-1995). Drafted into the army on August 19, 1942.
4. Krivoshapkin Innokenty Fedotovich I (1913-1989). Drafted into the army on June 26, 1942.
5. Krivoshapkin Vasily Fedotovich. Killed in 1942 near Smolensk.
6. Krivoshapkin Innokenty Fedotovich II (1917-1944). The place of death is unknown.
Maria Tutukurova lost her husband and four sons at the front.
The father and two sons of the Tutukurovs fought near Stalingrad. They were buried in the same mass grave.
She was born in the Orgetsky nasleg of the Verkhnevilyui ulus. Collective farmer. Mother of a large family. From morning to evening she worked tirelessly. She took her husband and four sons to war.
1. Tutukurov Anisim Matveyevich (1916-1943). Missing.
2. Tutukurov Kirill Matveyevich (1920-1942). Killed near Stalingrad.
3. Tutukurov Gavril Matveyevich (1922-1942). Killed near Stalingrad.
4. Tutukurov Fedor Matveevich (1923-1944). Died in Karelia.
Father Tutukurov Matvey died in 1942 near Stalingrad. Together with his sons Kirill and Gavril, he was buried in the Grachevka gully near Stalingrad.
Borisova Evdokia Yakovlevna Vilyuysky ulus. Balagachchinsky is nasleg.
She worked at the Molotov collective farm. Skillful needlewoman. Any work argued under her hand. Evdokia Yakovlevna did not believe in the death of her sons until her death, and every spring she aired their clothes, waiting for them.
1. Borisov Nikolai Petrovich I. In 1944 he died near Leningrad.
2. Borisov Nikolai Petrovich II. In 1943 he died near Leningrad.
3. Borisov Alexey Petrovich. He died in 1943. The place of death is unknown.
4. Borisov Egor Petrovich. He died in 1943. The place of death is unknown.
5. Borisov Sergey Petrovich. He died in 1944. The place of death is unknown.
Fedorova Daria. Verkhnevilyuisky ulus. Kharbalakhsky nasleg.
With her husband Gavril joined the artel. They gave their cows and a bull to the public yard. Started building new life. She gave birth to seven children: two daughters and five sons. All sons died at the front.
1. Fedorov Nikolai Gavrilovich. (1912-1942). Missing.
2. Fedorov Innokenty Gavrilovich. (1913-1944). Killed near Leningrad.
3. Fedorov Samson Gavrilovich. (1914-1942). Died near Starorussa.
4. Fedorov Savva Gavrilovich. (1919-1942). Killed near Kharkov.
5. Fedorov Efim Gavrilovich. (1921-1942). Missing.
Byastinova Maria Efimovna (1869-1952), Taattinsky ulus, Chymnaisky nasleg. Like Fevronya Malgina, she sent five sons to war. During the war, she waited for rare letters from the front.
1. Byastinov Yakov (1910-1942). Missing.
2. Byastinov Gavril. Killed in 1945 in the Vistula-Oder battle.
3. Byastinov Makar. Killed near Stalingrad.
4. Byastinov Gerasim. Killed near Stalingrad.
5. Byastinov Egor. In 1942 he was missing carrying news.
Vasilyeva Anna Pavlovna She lived in the Espekh nasleg of the Ust-Aldan ulus. She married the widower Vasiliev Grigory Romanovich with ten children in her arms. His first wife died while giving birth to their tenth child.
Anna Pavlovna and Roman Grigoryevich got married in 1917 in a church. Anna took care of ten children and six infirm old people on her shoulders. The children accepted her as their own mother. She was laconic, hardworking. She sewed all the clothes for a large family herself, bought an American sewing machine.
1. Vasiliev Petr Grigorievich (1913-1943). Died on Lake Ilmen.
2. Vasiliev Mikhail Grigorievich (1914-1945). The place of death is unknown.
3. Vasiliev Gavril Grigorievich (1914-1942). Killed near Kharkov.
4. Vasiliev Kirill Grigorievich 1942. Killed in Ukraine.
Gabysheva Varvara Fedorovna
Born in the Legeysky nasleg of the Ust-Aldan ulus (1884-1962). She gave birth to 16 children, nine of them survived, four sons. All died, the place of death or burial is unknown.
1. Gabyshev Dmitry Fedorovich (1909-1944). The place of death is unknown.
2. Gabyshev Roman Fedorovich (1910-1944). The place of death is unknown.
3. Gabyshev Xenophon Fedorovich (1922-1942). The place of death is unknown.
4. Gabyshev Mikhail Fedorovich (1924-1945). The place of death is unknown.
Spent her only son
Of all the stories described above, the life and fate of Maria Ivanovna Semenova from the Verkhnevilyuisky ulus stands out.
When the war began, her only son was the secretary of the local Komsomol organization, and he had a reservation against being drafted to the front. But he was very worried that all his peers were fighting, and he remained in the rear. He repeatedly asked to be sent to the front, but the military enlistment office refused, saying that, as a responsible worker, he was needed here. Seeing all this, his mother herself went to the military commissar and asked to take her only son to the front.
The son was called up, he left to fight and never returned to his native village, to his mother who was waiting for him ...
Another 188 mothers saw off their three sons.
Can you imagine how many children all the dead soldiers could have?
They waited all their lives for their sons. They kept their things and even food for them - meat, milk, if they suddenly come.
According to Yakut beliefs, one should not worry too much, grieve over death loved one. Apparently, this belief and the fortitude of women of those times affected their longevity. Even after the news of the death of their sons, their mothers lived a long life - 80 and 90 years each.
According to Nikolai Fedorov from the Museum of the History and Culture of the Peoples of the North. Yaroslavsky, they collected materials, facts from the biography of heroine mothers in all uluses of the republic.
We were helped by colleagues from regional museums, local historians. Materials were sent from Amginsky, Megino-Kangalassky, Ust-Aldansky uluses, Ytyk-Kyuelsky literary museum, the remaining relatives were interviewed, and so on. Unfortunately, we found few documents about these mothers in the archives, mostly collected oral materials. In the archives, after all, there are only official documents, pre-revolutionary, church documents, extracts from metrics, and that's it. And only eyewitnesses, old-timers could tell about how they lived in everyday life, how they worked, how many children really were in the family, but every year there are fewer of them. But we tried to find fellow villagers, countrymen mothers. For some mothers, we could not establish a patronymic, date of birth, there were no photographs.
Our relatives helped us a lot. Great help was provided by Margarita Konstantinovna Petrova from the All-Russian Society "Knowledge". They also helped us with the design of the exposition by financing the production of a sliding wall from panels. The exposition "The Holy Sorrow of Mothers", dedicated to the mothers of Yakutia, who sent four or more sons to the front, opened in the Yakut Museum of the History and Culture of the Peoples of the North named after I. Yaroslavsky in May 2015 in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.
The work continued the following year. In 2016, a book was published in which the names of 188 mothers of soldiers of the Great Patriotic War, whose three sons went to the front, were already indicated.
Class hour on the topic "Maternal feat"
The purpose of the lesson: perpetuating the memory of F.N. Malgina and her five sons.
educational : the study of the history of the Yakut people in the Great Patriotic War, the life and work of the Malgin family.
Educational : to teach independent search for information, joint intellectual activity, improve the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, evaluate the relevance of events, develop emotional perception.
Educational: education of interest and needs of schoolchildren to intellectual and creative activity, to bring up moral ideals: love for the Motherland and pride in it, love for the mother, respect for the older generation.
Equipment: a portrait of F.N. Malgina, a presentation “The Malgin Family”, a video clip about the beginning of the war, phonograms of military songs, a model of the monument - an obelisk of Glory, garlands of flowers, a model of the Eternal Flame, paper cranes, class design materials, a quote.
“Let us glorify a woman - a mother, whose love knows no barriers, whose breast fed the whole world! Everything beautiful in a person - from the rays of the sun and from mother's milk - that's what saturates us with love for life ”M. Gorky.
During the classes
Teacher: Victory Day is a solemn holiday, when joy is intertwined with grief, laughter with tears. And we are all united by memory...Let's bow to the living and the dead, immortal and fearless. To those who took the fight at dawn on June 22, 1941 near the walls of the Brest Fortress. Let us bow to the women who, having seen off their husbands and sons to the front, went out into the field, stood behind the machines, sat on the tractors - this labor watch lasted 1418 days and nights. 1941 The beginning of the war. First days, months.(On the screen is a video fragment about the beginning of the war)
The boys left - overcoats on their shoulders,
The boys left - bravely sang songs.
The boys retreated - dusty steppes,
The boys were dying, where - they themselves did not know.
Teacher: Mother. There are millions of them, and each carries a feat in the heart - maternal love. It fell to their lot to educate a generation that took upon itself the heaviest blow - the war. A maternal feat is a feat of the Motherland itself. This is the feat of the people. His greatness will be sung for centuries.
Student: A Russian mother in the Dnieper region, Epstimia Fedorovna Stepanova, sent 9 sons to defend the Motherland, and none of them returned ...
Pupil: A Belarusian mother from the city of Zhodino, Anastasia Fominichna Kupriyanova, saw off her five sons to the war. None of them returned...
Student: Before the war, Yakutia was dominated large families. Five sons - brothers were sent to the front by more than 20 families. The families of the Prokopievs from the Ust-Amginsky ulus, the Karataevs from Vilyui, the Polishchenkos from the Namsky ulus, the Petrovs from the Ordzhonikidzevsky ulus, the Nikanorovs from the Megino-Kangalassky ulus, etc. But some of them returned.
Teacher: A tragic fate also reached a simple Yakut woman - a mother from the taiga village of Bayaga, Alekseevsky (Tattinsky) district, Fevronya Nikolaevna Malgina. Fevronya Nikolaevna gave five sons to the Motherland, she gave five of her lives ...
(Presentation of “Malgina”.)
Teacher : Look into the face of this old woman, look into her eyes, faded from old age and grief, from a great life, from tears of expectation. A black scarf habitually fits her head, gray strands of hair peek out from under the scarf. Fevronya Nikolaevna Malgina lived for 90 long years. Born in 1888 Of these, only 16 years she lived carefree and happily. Of the 20 children born, seven remained by the beginning of the war: five sons and two daughters.(Presentation continues)
Student 1 : The eldest son Alexei was born in 1915. Since childhood, passionately in love with the expanses of the taiga, with hunting, he connected his life with the fur trade. He received the title of an excellent hunter of the republic, was awarded a nominal watch.
Student 2 : The second son is also Aleksey, he graduated from the Yakut medical and obstetric school, was in charge of the Ust-Tattinsk medical center, then the district health department. In 1938 he left to study at the Tomsk Medical Institute.
Student 3: The third son, Spiridon, born in 1918, graduated from the Yakut Agricultural College. He became a livestock specialist, but did not have to work long. He entered the military school on October 4, 1940.
Student 4: The fourth son, Peter, like his older brother, Alexei became a hunter.
Student 5: The fifth, the youngest, Vasily became a paramedic.
Pupil: Two daughters, two Marys, got married.
Teacher: The war with the White Finns began. Alexey Jr., student of Tomsk medical institute, volunteered for the front. He participated as a military doctor and on the very last day of the war, saving the life of a wounded soldier, was seriously wounded and died of wounds in the Tomsk hospital on April 9, 1940.
The mother took the news of her son's death like a bolt from the blue. They say time heals wounds. Maybe so, but not the wounds of a mother who lost her child. Although she used to bury her young children before, it was completely different - after all, she buried with her own hands, in her own land. And the fact that the son was killed in a foreign country and his body does not rest in the land of his ancestors deepened the grief and suffering of the mother.
Pupil: In the autumn of 1940, another misfortune suddenly overtook ... The head of the family, the husband of Fevronya Nikolaevna, Yegor Petrovich Malgin, tragically died. Now all household chores, overwork on the collective farm fell on the fragile shoulders of Fevronya Nikolaevna. She hoped for her four sons ... Sons-in-law Terenty Khatylaev and Sidor Neustroev also got good workers. But the war began. All sons and sons-in-law went to the front. Only women and small children remained in the large Malgin family.
Teacher: The difficult days of waiting for news from the front dragged on. Letters from the front! Which of the older generation does not know homemade paper triangles.(envelopes - triangles). Each letter from the front contains a story about fortitude, stamina and courage Soviet people, breastfeeding for the defense of the Motherland.
Teacher: Years passed, and more and more letters came to the villages, which said; “ He died ... died the death of the brave ... soldiers did not return from the battle. There were funerals… They burned hearts, dressed women in black, orphaned children.
…Sometimes Fevronya Nikolaevna also received letters and begged the postman to read them right there. She herself sat with her wrinkled hands folded on her knees, hardened from work, and nodded her head in agreement, trying to catch the mood in the lines, every word understandable only to her mother. The mother received the last letter from the younger Vasily in October 1942. He wrote that he was going to the front, that 100 kilometers were left to Moscow ... After this, the letters stopped coming ... For almost two months, Fevronya Nikolaevna did not know anything about the fate of her sons. And then I found out...
Teacher: Almost a month later, she received two more notices. Four Malgins died: Alexei Jr. died in 1940 in the war with the White Finns; Alexei senior, Peter, Vasily went missing at the end of 1942. Only Spiridon, lieutenant, deputy commander of the 8th rifle company of the 889th regiment of the 189th division remained.
Everyone fought, thinking only about the defense of their Motherland, fought for every inch of the Pulkovo Heights, on the most decisive sectors of the Leningrad Front. Words of appeal ... Spiridon and his comrades realized that right now it was necessary to speak out, to strike at the enemy. And they hit Days, months of fierce fighting. The 900-day blockade has been broken. In these battles on March 23, 1943. Spiridon Malgin died. Fevronya Nikolaevna lost her last son.
Teacher: Five sons, five of their lives Mother gave... The sons died young unexpectedly. The last hope was for sons-in-law. But they didn't live long either. Both returned from the war, died from old wounds ...
Teacher: The volleys of war have long died down. But no run of time can erase the mother's grief from memory ... And at the age of 82, Fevronya Nikolaevna is going on a long journey to bow to the graves of her sons. Not everyone dares to make the journey from Yakutia to Leningrad at that age. And she is traveling as part of a delegation that was supposed to visit the places where the soldiers fought - the Yakutians near Novgorod, Staraya Russa, Leningrad. At the lake Ilmen in the village Oyster of the Novgorod region laid wreaths at the monument to the soldiers - Yakutians who died a heroic death in battles against fascism.
No matter what, life goes on. After this trip, Fevronya Nikolaevna Malgina, an honorary citizen of the Alekseevsky district, a personal pensioner, lived for another 8 years to the delight of her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Fevronya Nikolaevna died on April 11, 1978. She was buried with full honors in the village. Bayaga of the Alekseevsky district at the obelisk of Glory, next to marble slabs, where the names of five sons are carved. The bright love of the mother, the feat of the sons-brothers of the Malgins will be an example for many generations, their life goes on.
Student: Bowing before her, we remember the innumerable victims suffered by our people in the past war.
Bowing before her, we remember the unfading deeds of the soldiers, whose hard work, sweat, blood and life brought our historic victory.
Bowing before her, we bow our heads to mothers whose hearts, tears, love, grief, whose incredible sacrifices helped us win the freedom and happiness of present and future generations. The example of mother Fevronya Nikolaevna Malgina is worthy of the memory of people.
