Fatherland. Honour. Duty. The tasks of the officer corps in information support of the reform process The role of the officer corps in their implementation

The activities of each society most of all depend on its leaders. This psychological axiom prevails all the more in the army, where discipline reigns.

Some officers now serve for a long time, they educate, they are the source of knowledge, they are the highest commanders and they are the guarantee of victories and defeats.

The basis of the entire life and combat activity of the army should be its officers.

If the character of a nation declines, then the great feelings that inspire the warriors also decline: the material goods of the world come to the fore.

Happy are those nations where there is a consciousness that not everything can be bought with money, happy are those where there is an estate of knights who value iron and steel more than silver and gold.

Such a class always gives energy from the idea, the class of martyrs, which is not equal to the energy of interest, to the class from the philistines. The efforts of pseudo-philosophers and subject peoples who dream of independence will always be directed towards destroying the foundations of the army.

Finally, many civilians still do not like officers simply because of petty everyday reasons.

Thus, from various sides, both external and internal, they are trying to prevent, consciously and unconsciously, the development of the army and improve the composition of its officers.

And meanwhile, who does not know the axiom that for the state a lost campaign will always be more expensive than preparations for a victorious war. And who will dare to fight with us when they know our strength and readiness.

Even before the unfortunate Russo-Japanese War, it seemed that in the life of our army and its head - officers - there are many aspects where improvements are necessary and possible.

At the beginning of 1903, I published my work "Statistics of Generals" where, examining the conditions for the service of a higher command element, I tried to find ways to improve.

Although the book was written with great restraint and, it seemed to me, justly, nevertheless, troubles had to be endured. The bottom line was that some unknown person dared to look for new ways in the training of the officer corps and did not say that everything was fine.

It seemed to me that our army had deviated from the path indicated by the great commanders, the great connoisseurs of man. They began to educate her in a wrong way and teach her not what was needed for the war.

In it, the main attention was paid to the appearance, partly to the life of a soldier, but little attention was paid to the essence of the improvement of an officer.

Gone was the spiritual power, the great connection between fathers-commanders and their subordinate children. The ability to lead and manage, the ability to make everyone and everything go to death has ceased to be valued in practice. There was no need, and I did not want to look into the future. More attention was paid to the exact knowledge of forms, to the ability to manage the household, in a word, to the valor of a peaceful citizen and a good owner.

I repeat, a good composition of officers is the basis of a good combat activity of the army. The Russian army has never had better soldier material than at present, and yet it has only experienced defeat.

At all times, success in battle was decided not by the most advanced technology, but by people. They control powerful equipment, and the solution of the assigned tasks ultimately depends on their military and fighting spirit, patriotism, and moral strength.

Therefore, the issues of educating servicemen of all categories, maintaining their high vocational training and strong military discipline, constant readiness and ability to fulfill one’s duty to protect the interests of the Russian people were, are and will be the main content of educational work in the Armed Forces Russian Federation.

The object of educational influence in a military unit is the entire personnel, but special attention is paid to the education of the officer team, which forms the basis of the entire military team of the unit and contains huge educational opportunities.

opportunities.

In the history of the development of the Russian Armed Forces, great importance has always been attached to officer cadres. At different stages, in different historical conditions of our country, the issues of officer training were raised in different ways, but the understanding of one indisputable truth was unchanged: officers are the basis of human

factor of the army, the foundation of the morale of the troops. Success in combat directly depends on the level of professional training of officer cadres, their readiness and ability to carry out the tasks assigned to them with full responsibility. Thousands of examples from the history of our army and navy confirm this. The basis of the regiment, brigade in social, professional and moral terms is always composed of

lyal officer team. The officer team has always acted as a highly organized group of professional military men, united by common goals and interests, joint socially useful activities, military discipline, mutual demands

diligence, responsibility, help. It is called upon to maintain the high combat readiness of the regiment (ship) in every possible way, and to effectively solve training and educational tasks. This circumstance predetermines the need for constant purposeful work with a team of officers in the interests of increasing its pedagogical potential. It is carried out on the basis of pedagogically reasoned influences of the organizational and substantive order, including a set of measures aimed at ensuring the comprehensive and harmonious development of the officer's personality and the unity of the officer team.

The functioning of the officer education system presupposes the close unity of all the components (directions) of education, the use of the maximum possible arsenal of forms and methods of work, the coordination of the efforts of all interacting subjects of the educational process in terms of time, events, etc.

In a regiment (on a ship), such activities are carried out in two main directions. The first of them involves the improvement of the personal qualities of an officer with a special military social status, the social significance of his activities, as well as as a leader and military specialist.

Officers as leaders and participants in the educational process have always been characterized by selfless devotion to the ideals of protection and service to the Fatherland, democratic style in work, deep, comprehensive, professional readiness, brilliant knowledge and masterful use of weapons and military equipment, high organizational skills, broad outlook, large-scale thinking, a sense of the new, the ability to fully use the power

new intellectual potential in military professional activity.

The second direction is the rallying of the officer team, increasing the strength of its educational influence on the entire personnel of the regiment (ship).

Solidarity is an important characteristic of the officer corps, an indicator of its maturity and capability. It represents the ideological, socio-political, moral-ethical, psychological and organizational unity of officers. It is on the basis of the strong unity of the named components of the cohesion of the officer team that it is possible to implement effective educational measures in the interests of the combat readiness of the unit. And above all measures to

ensuring a healthy moral and psychological climate in the team, fostering a sense of pride in belonging to one's team, introducing and developing the traditions of the officer corps of the Russian army.

Consequently, the education of the officer team is the process of forming its qualitative characteristics, which are most

to a greater extent would correspond to the needs of military affairs, combat readiness, the improvement of the personal qualities of an officer in a team, the performance of his characteristic functions in the field of educational work and the social life of the unit.

The personal qualities of an officer are formed and developed directly while studying at a military educational institution, professional development and his further development as a commander, teacher and mentor of his subordinates occurs while serving in units (subdivisions). It is in the process

official activity reveals the officer's personality in many ways, his qualities, abilities and inclinations are manifested.

While serving in the army, an officer performs many tasks, one

However, the main content of its activities is reduced to the implementation of the following main functions: socio-political, organizational and managerial, military-pedagogical, military-special and administrative-economic.

One of the most important functions of an officer's activity is socio-political. The complexity of the implementation of this function is due to the following factors.

First, Russian military construction is carried out in a complex and contradictory socio-political, socio-economic, national-demographic, informational, criminal and religious environment.

Secondly, the social portrait of the army has changed significantly in recent years. Among the young recruits coming

military service, the level of education dropped significantly. The physical health and mental state of conscripts deteriorated. Pacifist and anti-army sentiments increased. Religious and national factors, the problems of drunkenness and drug addiction among young people are becoming increasingly important. The personnel are seriously affected by the criminal situation in the country. The dynamics of crime in the Armed Forces correlates with the general direction of the development of crime in the country. intensifies

tendency of penetration of organized crime into the military environment.

Thirdly, the implementation of the socio-political function is of an acute contradictory nature. The main components of the contradictions are: a) the contradiction between the necessity, the duty of each officer to steadily implement the state's policy in the field of defense construction and the uncertainty, vagueness, lack of clear guidelines for this policy; b) the contradiction between the interest of the state in a strong, combat-ready army and the lack of decisive measures in creating such an army; c) the contradiction between the constitutional obligation of every citizen to defend the Fatherland and the deliberate destruction of ideals military service by conducting anti-army campaigns in the media; d) the contradiction between the need to staff the Armed Forces with the best representatives of the people and the decline in the prestige of the officer's service; e) the contradiction between the constitutional duties of an officer and social lack of rights, social insecurity, etc.

There are a number of contradictions that complicate the implementation of the socio-political function of the officer's activity, namely: between military duty and civil rights; between the need for an officer to have a formed scientific worldview and the conditions, ways of its formation; between officer duty, official duties and ensuring the democratic rights of the individual, etc.

At present, in units (subdivisions) it is necessary to sharply raise questions of the formation and development of a scientific worldview among officers, ideological conviction and political maturity, development

their political culture, which in its most general form is considered as the unity of political consciousness and political action (behavior), as a comprehensive political awareness and ability to defend their political convictions in a reasoned and convincing manner.

Each officer is primarily a military leader, so the organizational and managerial function is of great importance in his professional activities. The content of this function includes organizing, planning, conducting training sessions and educational activities, streamlining, regulation of various

activities of subordinates, setting tasks and their implementation, monitoring the execution of their orders, mobilizing subordinates to solve specific tasks management of various social processes in subordinate units, leadership of military teams and individual servicemen, etc. The inconsistency of the implementation of this important function in the activities of an officer lies in the fact that, on the one hand, the processes of organizing the activities of units and units have become much more complicated, and on the other hand, new requirements are imposed on the managerial activities of officers. An attempt to solve new, complex problems with old approaches and methods does not always give a positive result. Therefore, the personality of a modern leader should be characterized by a high ideological and theoretical outlook and political maturity, strong moral principles, the ability to convince and lead people, competence, organization, efficiency, discipline, independence, the ability to create conditions for highly productive work of people, to establish in the collectives an atmosphere of creative search, intolerance for manifestations of rudeness, inattention to a person.

Officers carry out combat and public-state training, educational process, conduct individual work with subordinates. Here, a commander's success is not possible without the ability to study the personal characteristics of soldiers, their social, national and other characteristics, observe the principles of education and training, correctly use their methods and forms, and personal example. It is important for a commander to know how to plan combat and public-state training, independent work of his subordinates. A well-thought-out plan disciplines people and mobilizes them for high-quality performance of the tasks assigned to them.

At present, the importance of the all-round development, erudition and general culture of officers is increasing. The outstanding Russian commander M. V. Frunze emphasized that only the commander who would inspire respect with his knowledge and experience would be able to truly educate, train and discipline his subordinate unit. Only when the appropriate commander relies on knowledge can true discipline be achieved. When this knowledge is not available, then you can only rely on

compulsion. In modern conditions, this indication of M. V. Frunze is especially relevant.

Many officers - commanders of subdivisions, military collectives, today lack special knowledge in management theory, they sometimes have insufficiently formed organizational skills, the ability to effectively manage subordinates. Official authority in work with subordinates is preferred to the authority of the personality of the leader, exactingness towards subordinates is sometimes not combined with respect for the personal dignity of a serviceman and the manifestation of care for him. Rudeness, rudeness, arrogance are often allowed in relations with subordinates. For many leaders, words are at odds with deeds; there is no personal example in service, behavior, communication, etc. This causes serious harm to the authority of the officer in charge and undermines the moral foundations of the managerial activity of officer cadres. Formation and improvement

instilling in officers a managerial culture based on democratic and moral principles is the most important task in educational work with officers of units and ships.

The implementation of the military-pedagogical function in the activities of an officer occupies a special place. The organization, implementation of training and education of subordinates, in order to qualitatively solve the tasks of service activities, maintain combat readiness, strengthen military discipline, form the moral, political, combat and psychological qualities of military personnel, requires the officer to have special knowledge of pedagogy and psychology, methodological skills and abilities , pedagogical culture. The complexity and inconsistency of the pedagogical activity of an officer in a unit (unit) lies in the fact that, on the one hand, the training and education of

military personnel are subject to high demands, and on the other hand, for the implementation of the tasks of training and education, not only are there not enough material resources, an educational base, but there are also no opportunities to organize the educational process in a quality manner. The reduction of personnel does not allow the deployment of full-fledged combat training activities, the personnel are busy with service, performing various household and other work. Household problems take away all the time, study remains only a good intention. Under these conditions, military personnel do not receive full-fledged combat training, training is carried out formally, and officers lose the qualifications of teachers and participants in the educational process, they

all interest in military pedagogical activity is lost. It cannot be allowed to continue like this. A whole generation of officers can grow up in the army who will have only a vague idea of ​​real combat training.

The military special function in the activities of an officer involves the fulfillment of the tasks of a military specialist, knowledge of the theory and practice of military affairs, weapons and military equipment of his unit, unit, ship and potential enemy, his strengths and weaknesses. The inconsistency of the implementation of this function lies in the fact that every year there are changes in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of equipment and weapons. Less and less new equipment enters the troops, more and more remains old, which has served its due date. New complex equipment requires large material and financial costs, highly qualified specialists. Failure to comply with these requirements leads to accidents. The use of old equipment that has served its time also becomes a cause of accidents. Violation of the established rules for the operation of equipment and weapons is also associated with the qualifications of specialists, which is noticeably reduced due to the reduction in the training time for specialists, the material insecurity of their training. Flights, hikes, combat firing, driving equipment are carried out less and less.

In his activities, the officer also implements an administrative and economic function. The life of servicemen, food, clothing, accommodation, accommodation, the ecology of the military unit and camps of residence of members of the families of servicemen and many other issues are the subject of attention of officers. There are also many problems here, and it takes a lot of time, material and financial resources to solve them. The manifestation of concern for subordinates, their social security, knowledge of the needs, interests, problems of each serviceman, rendering assistance to them largely contribute to the qualitative solution of other very important problems related to the service.

To implement all of the above functions, it is not enough for an officer to be only a good commander or a specialist, an expert in military affairs, and be able to manage a unit. It is also necessary to be a person with a high moral potential, a model for subordinates. Concepts such as honesty, honor, modesty, simplicity, accessibility, respect, benevolence,

adherence to principles, conviction, justice, officer's duty must be filled for him with deep content. The high professionalism of an officer, combined with moral purity, is undoubtedly attractive to subordinates and causes them respect and desire to imitate.

A professional portrait of a modern officer in general can be schematically represented

The social portrait of an officer is very diverse, there is one part of the officers who have abandoned the ideals of military service and continue to serve, but do not show due interest in the service, many of them are ready to quit the army without hesitation. Not-

MILITARY THOUGHT No. 6/1990, pp. 36-43

To help students of Marxist-Leninist theory

Professional culture of an officer

ColonelV. F. KOVALEVSKY ,

Doctor of Philosophy, Professor

The PRINCIPLE of defense sufficiency, orientation towards the qualitative parameters of the improvement of the Armed Forces pose in a new way the problem of the personality of a serviceman as a specialist, a professional. “Almost all problems,” notes USSR Minister of Defense Marshal Soviet Union D. T. Yazov, - connected with the deepening of the restructuring of the Armed Forces, their qualitative improvement, directly affect the person, his inner world, his worldview and moral image.

The role is rising officers. Modern military equipment, the increasingly difficult conditions for maintaining combat complexes, and combat training bring to the fore such qualities of officers as high general and technical literacy, pedagogical skills, ideological commitment, developed feelings of military duty, and professional honor. In a word, a high military-professional culture is especially needed now.

Based on the generally accepted philosophical definition of culture (lat. cultura - cultivation, processing), military professional culture is a set of developed throughout military history organizational-technical, socio-psychological and spiritual values ​​associated with military activity and ensuring it.

The concept of "officer culture" reflects the level of assimilation of these values, the possession of knowledge, skills and abilities, formed by individual psychological characteristics, as well as the moral and aesthetic properties of the individual, necessary for successful military professional activity. An officer's culture and professionalism are among the most important factors in military activity and the combat might of any army. No wonder the saying has long lived: "What are the officers, such is the army." An insufficiently high professional culture of command personnel reduces the combat potential of the armed forces and can be the cause of failures and major defeats. This has happened more than once in military history.

A certain part of the commanding staff of the tsarist army was characterized by low professional qualities, especially in the period preceding the events of 1905. With great artistic depth and truthfulness, AI Kuprin portrayed the officers of that time in the novel "Duel". Giving a description of the officer corps in a report to the Ministry of War for 1898, the commander of the troops of the Kyiv military district, General M.I. Dragomirov wrote: in the military will be harmful. The weak composition of the highest military commanders requires serious attention.

The outcome of the war with Japan that soon broke out was largely predetermined precisely by this circumstance. One of the obvious and immediate reasons for the defeat of Russia in this war was the professional unsuitability of the commanding and indeed the entire officer corps. “Officers,” wrote V. I. Lenin, analyzing the reasons for the fall of Port Arthur, “turned out to be uneducated, undeveloped, unprepared, devoid of close ties with the soldiers and not enjoying their confidence” (Poli. sobr. soch., vol. 9, p. .155).

Cases of unprofessional actions of some of our military leaders also took place in the Great Patriotic War, especially in its initial period, it showed with particular force the enormous role of the officer corps, ruthlessly laid bare the ever-present pattern - military success, the price of victory directly depend on the combat skills of officers and, ultimately, on professional culture military leaders of all ranks: from platoon commander to commander. The lessons of the war are a stern warning against complacency and gross mistakes in the military personnel sphere, belittling the role of the officer corps and its qualitative characteristics.

It would be a dangerous delusion in today's conditions to underestimate the changes that are taking place in the armies of the countries of the NATO bloc. A fact of great military importance is the transition of the United States and other NATO countries to the recruitment of armed forces. The professionalization of military service means a significant increase in the level of combat training of troops. A reliable counterbalance to this should be the professional skill of Soviet soldiers.

The core of an officer's military professional culture is his competence. This concept includes a high degree of professional and business reliability of an officer, his ability to make unmistakable decisions within the framework of his official functions. The culture of an officer, a military specialist is a capacious and multifaceted concept. It does not come down only to the presence of purely business, functional indicators, but involves an analysis of all aspects of the personality, and above all his moral and political qualities, high social feelings. Professional culture is inconceivable without reliance on extensive general educational and general scientific knowledge, a broad general culture. “Whoever understands nothing but chemistry,” wrote G. Lichtenberg, “understands it insufficiently.”

The general culture includes a thorough knowledge of history, philosophy, political science, law, implies possession of the wealth of world and domestic literature, music, painting and theater, the ability to distinguish genuine spiritual values ​​from fakes. General culture can be judged by whether an officer has a need for reading; classics of literature, does he see depth in the works of Homer, A. Dante, W. Shakespeare, A. S. Pushkin, L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, does he enjoy the music of J. Bach, L. Beethoven, M. Mussorgsky, P. Tchaikovsky, G. Sviridov. In the age of scientific and technological progress, high technical culture and computer literacy are integral facets of an officer's personality.

A common culture is the foundation of an officer's personality. It gives the right orientation in the human world, allows you to be, as they say, at the level of your time, develops the depth of judgment, analytical skills and conceptual thinking. Its role in the structure of the officer's personality is especially great now, when the process of establishing new political thinking and universal human values ​​as priorities is underway. “The power of the mind,” wrote Charles de Gaulle, “requires a variety that cannot be found in the exceptional skills of a particular profession. The true school of command is a common culture... There was not a single famous commander who did not draw his art from the treasury of the human mind. In the end, we always find Aristotle at the basis of the victories of Alexander the Great.

Most Russian officers have always been distinguished by a high general culture. This is one of the national traditions. Many of them themselves have become the pride of national culture, its brilliant representatives. The officers were the writers M. Yu. Lermontov and L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, D. V. Grigorovich, At I. Kuprin, the artists N. A. Yaroshenko and K. A. Trutovsky, the sculptor N.K. Klodt. Known more as a composer, Caesar Antonovich Cui was an outstanding military engineer. Engineer-General C. Cui taught at the Nikolaev Engineering Academy. He left not only the most valuable works on field fortification, but also beautiful operas and romances.

Of course, at any time one can find narrow-minded and even immoral people among the officer corps. But they do not determine the appearance of the domestic officer corps. The honor of the pioneers of the liberation movement in Russia belongs to Russian officers. The names of P. I. Pestel, K. F. Ryleev, N. A. Bestuzhev, P. G. Kakhovsky, the brothers M. I. and S. I. Muravyov-Apostols, and other Decembrists became a symbol of honor, dedication, impulse to freedom . All of them were true Russian intellectuals, enlightened people who set the goal of their lives to serve the Fatherland, the people. Their selfless educational and cultural activities are known - the construction of schools for peasant children, teaching in the Russian outback, the creation of art galleries.

The wives of the Decembrists became a brilliant symbol of love and fidelity. Their civil feat is not only an invaluable moral lesson for all subsequent generations of officer wives, but also the property of the national spiritual and moral culture. The entire history of the revolutionary liberation movement in Russia preserves the names of army and navy officers. Among them - the outstanding Russian Marxist G. V. Plekhanov, the theoretician of populism, a friend of Karl Marx, Professor of the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy Pyotr Lavrov.

It should be noted that military educational institutions have played a prominent role in the history of national culture. A. S. Pushkin called them the nursery of the sons of the Fatherland. Not a forge of personnel, as we call them now, but a nursery! Feel the difference? Not mass, in-line forging of specialists, but organic, long-term nurturing, education of the military intelligentsia. Military educational institutions were not only centers of military education, but also centers of national science and culture.

Wealth, versatility of personality, deep spiritual culture contribute to the development of a person's desire to realize their strengths and abilities for the benefit of society, to establish their personality in some particular business. High professionalism is generated, as a rule, by a high, socially significant goal. Such remarkable Russian commanders and naval commanders as A. V. Suvorov, M. I. Kutuzov, F. F. Ushakov, P. S. Nakhimov, military scientists, engineers, doctors, as A. F. Mozhaisky, N. E. Zhukovsky, A. D. Zasyadko, N. I. Pirogov, completely subordinated their talent, knowledge, skill, all their lives to serving the Fatherland. In this they saw the meaning of their existence, an opportunity to earn a good name from the people. A. V. Suvorov instructed his compatriots "to devote | life to the public good ... Do not worry about our own person, despise the vicissitudes of fortune and sacrifice yourself for the good of the Fatherland and mankind."

Understanding the social significance of their activities and responsibility to the country, the people was characteristic of the outstanding Soviet commanders G.K. Zhukov, A.M. Vasilevsky, K.K. Rokossovsky, L.A. Govorov, I.S. Konev, A.I. Eremenko, R. Ya. Malinovsky, the creators of powerful defense equipment and weapons I. V. Kurchatov and S. P. Korolev. They were ardent patriots, people of great general and professional culture, of inexhaustible spiritual generosity.

With the approval of the new political thinking, the officer's political vocabulary is updated. His life and activities included such concepts as military-strategic parity, defense sufficiency, qualitative parameters of the development of the Armed Forces, military security in the structure of a new security model, defense consciousness, openness and democratization in the army and navy. Without their assimilation, it is impossible for an officer to correctly orient himself in dynamically changing conditions of service, to choose the most effective, modern forms of training and education of personnel. However, this is not just about updating the baggage of political knowledge. No, our ideas about world processes, about the state, ways and prospects for the development of society, about the nature and methods of ensuring the country's security, about military policy and military doctrine are undergoing such profound, fundamental changes that it would perhaps be more correct to speak of the need to form officers of the new political culture.

Such an understanding of the situation presupposes non-traditional approaches to the organization of the political education of officers. In our opinion, the need has come to transform the programs for the ideological and theoretical training of officers in the troops, placing at the center the problems of new political thinking, military reform, education of officers in the spirit of patriotism, loyalty to the Constitution of the USSR, the oath and military duty.

It is difficult to overestimate the role of military educational institutions, and especially academies, in shaping the general and humanitarian culture of officers. The military academy seems to be powerfully equipped with departments of social sciences - world and national history, philosophy, political science, sociology, political economy and military economics. Within the walls of the academies - "Universities of the Armed Forces" - there should be lectures on literature and art, ethics and military etiquette, aesthetics and military rhetoric. It is worth seriously thinking about how to make military academies a favorite place for performances by prominent statesmen and public figures, scientists, poets and writers. While they are rare guests here.

We are talking about the revival of the entire historically formed complex of humanitarian knowledge, because it is humanitarian training that makes an officer the owner of “all the riches that humanity has developed”, introduces universal human values, high morality, determining the level of his intelligence. The humanization of education, overcoming lack of spirituality, technocracy in personnel training is the central idea that runs through all the documents on the restructuring of higher education. The prosperity of the new complex of social sciences, the socio-political, spiritual and moral, educational activities of social scientists will help turn every academy, every higher education institution into a true center of culture and science, into the center of ideas for updating the entire military organization of society, ways of military reform.

An essential worldview and ideological and moral component of an officer's culture is his attitude to the military profession to his work, without a passionate attachment to which it is impossible to achieve the heights of mastery in any area. Therefore, it is important throughout the officer's career to maintain and develop this social feeling, to make sure that in the chosen profession the officer sees, first of all, an opportunity to realize his patriotic aspirations to the fullest extent. At the same time, we must not forget that the professional well-being of an officer, his attitude to the service also depend on how timely and objectively his service and labor efforts, the quality of work, the level of qualification, and how his promotion is going are assessed. An officer, like any soviet man, has the right to count on a fair assessment and public recognition of his activities, on the appropriate receipt of material and social benefits.

An indispensable condition and an important component of the military-professional culture is the legal literacy of an officer. In his work, the officer-commander faces With solving many issues that require both a well-developed legal consciousness and specific administrative and legal knowledge, the exact fulfillment of the requirements military regulations, instructions, orders. An officer's legal preparedness helps him to feel responsible for his decisions and actions, to evaluate any fact of army reality in the light of the tasks facing the Armed Forces. The legal consciousness and high morality of an officer cannot allow him to give incorrect, embellished information to higher authorities, distort reporting, “push” people who are not worthy of it up in the service, and commit other anti-legal acts.

Now, when a law-based state is being formed step by step, and at the same time legal relations are being strengthened in the Armed Forces, the legal service is expanding, its functions are changing, the protection of not only state, official interests, but also the rights of military personnel, the strict legality of the actions of commanders and superiors is coming to the fore. . This process needs people with up-to-date legal knowledge. Only such officers are able to build work and relations between servicemen on a legal basis.

The absolute majority of officers have personnel under their command, manage military collectives, organizing their work, training and education. And this requires a certain psychological and pedagogical culture, mastery of the art of influencing the spiritual world of a person, the ability to create and maintain a fighting mood, the desire to win in the most difficult conditions of a combat situation. The best domestic commanders and military leaders knew the way to the heart of a soldier, they could form a high spirit of the troops, full confidence in themselves.

Psychological and pedagogical readiness is manifested in the ability to study the personal characteristics and capabilities of soldiers, to transfer the necessary knowledge to them, to develop in them the techniques and skills of military and combat activities. To put this into practice, an officer must have pedagogical observation, pedagogical imagination and tact, be able to organize training and educational process.

Psychological and pedagogical culture has a direct impact on the level of methodological skill of an officer. Methodical mastery is a system of general and special knowledge, highly developed skills and abilities, which, together with personal qualities, make it possible to successfully solve educational problems. It is characterized by: firstly, a thorough knowledge by officers of the requirements of orders and directives of the USSR Minister of Defense and other leading bodies for the combat training of troops, its goals and tasks for a certain period; secondly, the ability to competently be guided by programs of combat and political training, psychological and pedagogical principles of training and education; thirdly, a thorough, fluent possession of the subject of study (whether it is the exploitation specific type techniques, combat or physical training, etc.), the achievements of modern military science; fourthly, the practical ability to organize the process of education and upbringing and personally participate in it.

Officers receive basic methodological training at universities. However, exercises, sea and ocean campaigns, combat firing, training missile launches, air tactical flight exercises, and command and staff games are the practical school here. In the course of them, the established forms of combat training are being tested, and new, more effective methods of training troops are being searched for. It is important that, when organizing exercises and maneuvers, one of the basic principles of Soviet military didactics "Teach troops what is necessary in war", the art of fighting not by numbers, but by skill, and not to allow concessions and simplification, be strictly observed. Such an approach to the organization of exercises is an enduring requirement for the professional training of officers, which is of particular importance in the context of the qualitative improvement of the Armed Forces.

An important facet of an officer's military professional culture is operational-tactical and tactical-special literacy, the ability to effectively manage troops and fleet forces. Life and military practice suggest the need to improve the staff culture of officers. “The incompetence of officers,” wrote F. Engels, “never does so much harm as in the staff service” (K. Marx and F. Engels. Works, vol. 11, p. 456). In modern conditions, it is unacceptable not only for officers of staff bodies, commanders. Staff culture is necessary to a certain extent for all officers. In fact, the assessment of the combat situation, decision-making, the execution of combat documents - all this should be able to any officer, and not just a staff officer. Life shows the need to equip future officers with solid skills in staff work. This gap is now being successfully filled.

As for a modern headquarters, especially a large one, only a professional, a person who has received a special education, can work in it. After all, if previously a staff officer was armed mainly with a map, a ruler, a curvimeter and a pencil, now the work of the headquarters is impossible without automated combat control equipment, computers, and various communication systems, including satellite. There is only one conclusion: a staff officer is not only a position, but also a profession.

An important aspect of general professional culture officers is now certain ergonomic and ecological education. For number of students of military academies General professional disciplines should be supplemented, in our opinion, by military professionalism - a science that studies the patterns of professionalization of military activity and is the theory of military personnel work. The central component of the professional culture of officers is their special training, the essence of which is to deepen general military professional training, focusing it on the main, specific business. The military-applied orientation of training ensures the formation of a high culture of professional thinking, versatile practical skills and helps to perform combat training and combat missions in any conditions.

The acquisition and improvement of military professional culture is a process that lasts throughout the service and life. It is known that in the course of the restructuring of general education and higher education in the country, the task is to create a system continuing education. In this regard, it should be noted that the first form of such education historically is the command training of officers, introduced back in the 60s of the last century in the course of the Milyutin military reform. It was caused by the urgent needs of restructuring the system of professional training of officers, a deep understanding of the results of the Crimean War and became a tradition of the Russian, and then the Soviet Army.

Asserting the great role of command and independent training of officers, General A. A. Brusilov wrote: Whatever the case, the academy will quickly lag behind its time and business and become more dangerous for its work than an ignoramus, since it will have backward, and therefore imaginary, but not real knowledge. In the course of the ongoing restructuring in the Armed Forces, command training is changing its forms, being filled with new content, and becoming more and more effective.

Perestroika creates conditions for the use of all the talents, abilities and personal capabilities of each serviceman. Businesslike quality of a specialist, a military leader, is now acquiring particular value. Efficiency is the best side of the culture of military personnel, a quality that is opposite to empty verbosity, the composition of countless directives and instructions, the deliberative "activities" of various commissions and "headquarters" on a voluntary basis.

Unfortunately, among officers there are often people who do not have practical acumen and even weak characters, although this does not fit in with the appearance of an officer. For an officer is the embodied unity of word and deed. To establish an atmosphere of efficiency in a military team, it is equally important whether the officer-commander considers service issues competently and efficiently, whether he takes responsibility for their solution, whether he has enough independence, whether he is fond of all kinds of “coordinations”, whether he sets an example of organization , disciplines. Subordinates very sensitively catch the slightest indecision, unwillingness to take on a new business. Uncertainty, expectancy of the officer-leader immediately affect the mood of people: service activity decreases, interest in the matter fades, indifference, inertia, and even irritation, annoyance begin to penetrate everywhere.

It is impossible not to dwell on one more aspect of the officer's personality, which to a large extent determines the level of his professional competence. We are talking about moral qualities, professional ethics. Even in the charter of Peter I, it was prescribed: “An officer must be healthy, brave, firm, determined, truthful, pious ...” Centuries-old practice shows that the culture of an officer is not just a sum of knowledge and skills, but an integral characteristic of his personality. It is inseparable from morality, merged With such qualities as honor, dignity, professional conscience and pride of an officer. An officer with high professionalism and well-formed military ethics considers the impeccable performance of his official duty, mastery of equipment and weapons, improvement of his qualifications, courage on the battlefield a matter of honor. A military man who values ​​his dignity, aware of his duty as a defender of the Motherland, will never agree to a stagnant, routine life of service, will not degrade himself with incompetence, professional ignorance.

The ability to treat one's official duties with high responsibility, to do everything to prevent an illiterate, ill-considered decision or action, to raise the honor of an officer in the eyes of others is an important indicator of his professional culture. Honor is a sharp, active feeling that prompts an officer to jealously take care of his good name and reputation. It is incompatible with a bureaucratically indifferent attitude towards subordinates, unprincipled insidiousness, opportunism and servility. At the same time, this is the opposite of dilettantism, irresponsibility, official and socio-political passivity of servicemen.

It should be noted that professional activity, especially combat, is a sphere of intense moral life, bright dynamic changing emotional and volitional personality states. And if a high professional culture, competence are associated with the concepts of honor, dignity, happiness, admiration (let us recall what a rare ability of such an emotional and moral experience of military activity was possessed by A.V. Suvorov: “Gentlemen officers, what a delight!”), Then the unskilled, illiterate, and even more irresponsible actions dishonor, discredit the rank of an officer. And this is understandable: the professional unsuitability of a military leader, specialist is a direct, sometimes difficult to predict damage to the combat readiness of a unit, subunit, and in battle - defeat, unjustified victims. The price and consequences of the professional illiteracy of a military leader in modern warfare is generally impossible to imagine. Therefore, they say correctly: unprofessional means immoral, and sometimes criminal.

A high professional culture determines public recognition, the authority of a specialist, his weight and significance in the eyes of the military community, prompting those around him to highly value and reckon with his opinion. It gives the officer's behavior a special style: dignity, confidence in his actions, the ability to make decisions independently, boldly. It has nothing to do with narrow-mindedness, callousness, petty-bourgeois pedantry. On the contrary, a master of his craft is a person, as a rule, restless, dissatisfied with himself, looking for new forms and methods of activity, boldly taking risks. There are many examples of such a revolutionary and creative attitude to business in Russian military history. Here is one of them.

The famous Russian military pilot P. N. Nesterov in In August 1913, for the first time in the world, he performed a “dead loop” on an airplane. Many were amazed at the "desperate courage" of P. Nesterov, but ranked his act as "reckless". In this feat, of course, both courage, and Russian enthusiasm, and a romantic impulse were manifested. However, what was not in it was amateurish recklessness. P. Nesterov at first comprehensively theoretically proved the possibility of such an air maneuver, convinced himself of the success of the upcoming experiment, and then firmly, contrary to the existing instructions, carried it out. “I am not a magician,” the pilot said to his friends, “my dead loop is proof of my theory: support is everywhere in the air.” The true innovators in their profession were the successors of the Nesterov tradition, famous military pilots, three times Heroes of the Soviet Union A. I. Pokryshkin, I. N. Kozhedub. Masters-professionals, specialists-innovators, people with a creative streak, a restless character are especially needed now, when society has set in motion, big extraordinary problems are being solved everywhere.

Along with the personal aspect of the professional culture of officers, one must also see the broader meaning of this phenomenon. After all, Soviet officers are a special socio-professional community with a specific way of life, traditions, customs of service and family life, interests. Along with those common to all Soviet people, she has her own morality, her own ideals.

The officer subculture also includes professional vocabulary, folklore, holidays, and even (which is more common for officers' wives) their own everyday signs and prejudices. This culture captures the peculiar attitude of the military environment towards life, society, and other professional groups. And the people also have their own special attitude towards the military. It is expressed in different ways: from a respectful tone of recognition of their cause to a playfully ironic one.

For all their originality, Soviet officers, as a special socio-professional group, do not represent any sharp difference from other social strata either in terms of material well-being or in terms of social and living conditions. All the attributes of the life of officers evolved as society developed and, on the whole, corresponded to its capabilities. They are in complete harmony with the average, typical indicators of the life of Soviet people, organically fit into the picture of all-Union life with its shortage of housing, food in stores and an excess of domestic hardships. Only the adversity of the officers, perhaps, is much greater than that of civilians.

Among the hundreds of thousands of refugees from Transcaucasia who do not have "their own corner", a large group is made up of the wives and children of the military. And how do officer families “settle down” after the withdrawal of troops from the countries of Eastern Europe? In the same barracks, hostels. Who where! Just because of the restraint inherent in officers, they talk little and reluctantly about their everyday difficulties, referring them to the "natural" features of military nomadic life. Like, he chose a profession himself - that means you have to endure, "endure the hardships and hardships of military service."

True, we can no longer turn a blind eye to the further decline in the prestige of the officer's profession, as evidenced by numerous reports of dismissal. The most frequent motive for leaving the army is the unsatisfactory living conditions, the lack of social protection for officers and their families.

In the course of the military reform, it is necessary to thoroughly analyze the state of the officer corps, develop a system of organizational, legal and social measures that would provide each officer with a decent standard of living, reliably protect him from the arbitrariness of other superiors, protectionism, and guarantee promotion in accordance with the principle " From each according to his ability, .. to each according to the final result of labor.

The military reform must create new, more favorable conditions for the further development of the professional culture of officers. In particular, great opportunities for this are opening up in connection with the establishment of Officers' Meetings as an amateur military-public organization. The decision to create them renews the tradition of Russian officers: after all, the first such meetings appeared in Russia more than 200 years ago, and they have become widespread since the 70s of the last century.

Previously, they were a place for everyday communication of officers during off-duty hours. Even in a remote garrison, the young officer did not puzzle over what to do with a free evening? I went to the Assembly - to a building of good architecture, built and maintained at the expense of the officers themselves, as in my own home. There, a table, billiards, a dance hall, a fencing hall awaited him. And most importantly - comrades in the service, people of the same fate as him. Chiefs and subordinates converged here simply as people of the same trade.

The meeting was an indispensable form of maintaining the spirit of the officer brotherhood, a school of honor, a kind of regimental patriotism. They were dominated by the spirit of regimental traditions, officer youth and panache. The young officers learned lessons in dignified behavior, secular manners and courtesy. Now, when the Officers' Assemblies are being established on a new* social ground, it is important to make the most of the experience of the old Assemblies.

Here, perhaps, the main thing is not to reduce their activities to planned events and meetings. In one of the brochures of the 70s of the last century on the organization of the Officers' Meetings, their amateur character was emphasized: “... if the organization of the Officers' Meetings, in the sense of initiative and conducting the business itself, goes from above ... there is nothing to start this business: the officers will attend own club except in the case when an order is given for the regiment.

This warning, I believe, should be heeded even now, giving the initiative in the activities of the Assemblies to the officers themselves.

It is also worth thinking about how to restructure the work of the Houses of Officers. It's no secret that some of them function as simple cinema halls. How to attract officers, their wives and children to them in the evenings and weekends? And not by order, but by the need for communication, joint leisure. Yes, and the name - the House ... Maybe, after all - the Assembly?

The military practice that is being transformed in the course of the military reform makes ever new demands on the level of professional culture of military personnel. Today, for professional success, it is necessary to work with full dedication, to be creative, to learn how to build a service, to lead military teams in the face of growing demands, expanding democracy and openness. This is not possible for everyone. Further improvement and enhancement of the professional culture of officers is ahead. This is one of the main ways of activating the human factor in the Armed Forces and strengthening their combat might. This is both a condition and, at the same time, one of the expected results of the military reform.

Yazova D.T. New model of security and the Armed Forces // Kommunist. - 1989 - No. 18.- P. 70.

TsGVIA, f. Office of the War Office, op. 2, d. 511, l. 2.

Charles de Gaulle. professional army. - M.: State. military publishing house, 1935.- S. 77.

Suvorov A.V. Letters.- M.: Nauka, 1986.-S. 294.

Brusilov A. A. My memories, - M .: Military Publishing House, 1963. G- S. 73.

Military collection. - St. Petersburg, 1872. - S. 16.

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“There is no doubt that much depends on the general routine in the institution,

but the main thing will always depend on the personality of the immediate

teacher standing face to face with the pupil: the influence of personality

educator for a young soul is that educational force,

which cannot be replaced either by a textbook, or by moral maxims, or by a system of punishments and rewards.

K. D. Ushinsky

Moral qualities occupy the most important place among all social qualities of a person. Manifesting through specific activity for the defense of the Fatherland, they are expressed in the concept of the moral character of a military man.

In this way, moral character of an officer- this is a system of certain moral traits in its creation and behavior, which, having relative stability, determine the character of the individual.

An analysis of the results of pedagogical research conducted in the troops and universities made it possible to identify moral qualities professionally necessary for an officer. It is advisable to classify them on the following grounds:

a) qualities shown by an officer in relation to the Motherland: patriotism, devotion to the Fatherland, loyalty to military duty, responsibility, selflessness;

b) qualities shown by officers in relation to military labor, service activities: courage, endurance, self-control, steadfastness, determination, discipline, adherence to principles, courage, courage, courage, initiative, military camaraderie, military friendship, honesty, disinterestedness, openness, diligence, diligence, efficiency, independence;

in) qualities shown by an officer in relation to other people: collectivism, justice, generosity, tolerance, exactingness, truthfulness, directness, politeness, delicacy, goodwill, sociability, decency;

G) officer's personal qualities: modesty, pride, exactingness, self-criticism, self-esteem and honor.

A special quality that has absorbed most of the moral traits of an officer's personality is officer honor.

Activities for the formation of these moral qualities are based on a number of principles, including:

• purposefulness of educational influences;
• humanism and democracy in solving problems of personal development;
• education in the process of military labor;
• education in the team and through the team by creating in it an atmosphere of mutual understanding, friendship, camaraderie, social justice, a high culture of relationships;
• an individual approach to the education of the personality of an officer;
• ensuring the unity of word and deed, scientific theory and practice in the process of education;
• unity of exactingness and respect for the individual;
• consistency and continuity of educational influences and influences;
• stimulation of educational activities and self-improvement of the officer's personality.

The effectiveness of the process of forming the moral character of an officer depends on: humanization of the way of life of troops; affirmations of social justice in them; combining the democratic foundations of the relationship of military personnel with one-man command; creating a healthy moral atmosphere in military teams; ensuring personal exemplification of command personnel, as well as stimulating their activity in self-improvement.

Formation of morality - The process is complex and multifaceted. It cannot be instilled or introduced into the consciousness and behavior of an officer automatically. It is formed by systematic educational influences in the course of solving three interrelated groups of psychological and pedagogical tasks.

The first one associated with the development of moral consciousness: professional and ethical knowledge, beliefs and attitudes, moral motives for activity, a sense of duty, honor, conscience, responsibility for one's deeds and actions, for the results of one's work and the training of subordinates.

Moral consciousness, fixed in the relevant views and ideas, ideas, traditions and habits, determines the officer's attitude to professional activities. The unity of ideological and moral convictions allows him to choose the right line of conduct in the educational process, to successfully solve official tasks.

Second- is to form the professional pride of an officer and improve the ethics of his relationships.

The success of an officer's work is ensured primarily by his attitude to his profession. This is expressed in pride in belonging to it, in the conscientious fulfillment of one's military duty, in the constant creative search for effective ways to solve educational problems.

No less important are the moral relations of an officer with the military team, higher commanders, the local population, family members of military personnel, parents of subordinates, and his own family.

To do this, an officer must improve his communication skills with people, show restraint, courtesy, pedagogical tact and moral culture in relationships with them. This requires a thorough psychological and professional preparation from him.

The third group of tasks covers issues of moral behavior of an officer. It is a concrete expression of the level of development of moral qualities and traits of his personality as a military leader, teacher and educator of his subordinates. In practice, this is manifested in moral actions and deeds, skills and abilities, methods and techniques of the officer's educational influence, moral habits that have been formed and established in his life.

The profession of defender of the Fatherland has always been honorable in Russia. Historically, our people had to fight for centuries against foreign invaders for their national existence. One of the best achievements of the past is the developed code of morality in the Russian army - the basis of the moral character of an officer. We are talking, first of all, about such enduring values ​​as honor and military duty, the system for educating these excellent qualities among Russian officers.

The moral traditions of the officer corps have been preserved to this day. To develop them, to make them the foundation of the emerging new Russian army is the most important task of the state.

Ideal officer...

“Very bold, but without rashness, quick without recklessness, active without frivolity, submissive without humiliation, at ease without slyness, firm without stubbornness, thorough without pedantry, pleasant without frivolity, benevolent without deceit, insightful without innocence (stupidity), affable without roundaboutness helpful without greed."

The performance of military service duties in a state of alcoholic, narcotic or toxic intoxication refers to gross disciplinary offenses.
The main direction of the work of the officers in the prevention of offenses on the basis of the use of alcoholic beverages by military personnel is the social diagnosis of a negative phenomenon.
It is regarded as the ability of officers to recognize the prerequisites for the use of alcoholic beverages, identify the causes of their occurrence and survivability, and predict trends in the behavior of subordinates.
The doctor makes a diagnosis based on knowledge of the human body. Thus, subunit officers, when diagnosing relationships, are obliged to rely on a deep knowledge of the individual characteristics of their subordinates, use the recommendations of pedagogy, psychology, take into account their service experience, the accumulated practice of uniting military teams.
The goals of the diagnostic stage of work are: to identify the degree of alcohol dependence, the reasons for drinking alcohol, desire and independent attempts to stop drinking, the nature of the influence on servicemen of various social groups and individuals, conditions that provoke cravings for alcohol, etc. The result of such a study of the personality and the social environment is a diagnosis, on the basis of which the choice of goals, means and methods of social work is carried out.
In the interests of diagnosing behavior, the following methods are used:
- observation,
- analysis of documents,
- sociological survey.
No less important in terms of the prevention of drunkenness and alcoholism are social therapy measures that involve solving such problems as the formation of anti-alcohol public opinion in military collectives, intolerance towards drunkards, correction social structure military units.
Organizational forms of work on the prevention of drunkenness consist in the implementation of strict control over military personnel who are prone to drinking alcohol by commanders, limiting their access to alcohol, creating spatial and temporal barriers on the way to drinking, primarily during working hours, using various kinds of sanctions against persons prone to drinking alcohol, and the like.
When working with persons prone to drinking, the officers must follow a number of rules.
Firstly, not to conduct consultations, activities of a pedagogical and psychological nature with persons who are in a state of alcoholic intoxication.
Secondly, to carry out psycho-corrective actions only with servicemen who express a desire to change. Otherwise, organizational and social measures will be more effective.
Thirdly, remember that not a single person recognizes himself as an alcoholic voluntarily, so one should expect resistance from the latter when conducting psychodiagnostic and psychocorrective measures with him.
Fourthly, in order to cure an alcoholic, it is not enough to make him averse to alcohol, it is necessary to create such a microenvironment around him that would in every possible way encourage his sobriety, support his efforts in the fight against alcohol addiction, and put up barriers on the way to relapse.
Fifthly, understand and explain to officials that alcoholism is a persistent disease of the whole organism, nervous system, human psyche, which cannot be cured by order of the commander or through the use of coercive and punishment measures only.
Thus, the prevention of alcoholism in military units consists of a complex of organizational, social, psychological, pedagogical and medical measures. It consists in the timely detection and assessment of facts of alcohol abuse by military personnel, the creation of social and organizational barriers to the development of this negative phenomenon, the provision of medical and psychological assistance to patients, a qualified explanation to military personnel and members of their families of the physical, psychological and social consequences of drunkenness and alcoholism, one In a word, it is better to know the person.
In this regard, the study of autobiographical data, characteristics from the place of work or study, from military commissariats helps; education documents; professional selection materials; medical books; service cards.
But the most reliable data is, of course, personal communication with subordinates. With the skillful conduct of a conversation, one can reveal the true feelings of a soldier, his opinion about the state of affairs in the team, about colleagues, about commanders. The results of the conversation help to form a more complete picture of the warrior, on the basis of which individual educational work with him is built.
The best effect is obtained by the complex use of various methods for studying the individual characteristics of the personality of a serviceman.
Get the information you need concisely and effective way allows the questioning of military personnel. This is one of the most important methods for diagnosing their behavior.
In the interests of identifying those prone to drinking, it is necessary to interview all categories of military personnel of the unit.
It is also important to know their attitude, readiness, ability and ability to serve. The survey is conducted in the form of an interview. It is necessary to ask, as if consulting with the interlocutor.
Observation is a purposeful perception of the behavioral characteristics of a soldier in order to identify a predisposition to drinking alcohol.
In its course, the features of the behavior of a serviceman in various situations of his official activity, in an informal setting, are recorded. Surveillance must be systematic and purposeful. It allows you to see and fix the changes, the dynamics of the development of behavioral characteristics, helps to study the hidden processes in the military team.
An analysis of the documents allows us to make an assumption about the propensity of some military personnel to change their behavior. In conjunction with the method of observation and other methods for identifying a predisposition to hazing, it gives a positive result.
Officers are required to recognize each member of the unit literally from the first day of his service. Try to find out in what conditions the soldier grew up and was brought up before joining the army, what habits he developed, whether there are any negative ones among them. In a word, it is necessary to see subordinates as they really are, with all their strengths and weaknesses of character, everyday worries and needs.
In everyday communication with subordinates, carefully consider their prevailing character traits and habits. Of particular difficulty are relationships with servicemen with uncertain or unstable views on life, military service, friendship and camaraderie. They usually don't have an opinion. They focus on more strong personality. The officer should become an example for them. Strict exactingness, debunking of negative habits both among themselves and those whom they consider to be leaders, constant personal control, public condemnation of hazing on the use of alcoholic beverages - this is the way to combat drunkenness and alcoholism.
Solving the main tasks of preventing offenses based on the use of alcoholic beverages by military personnel is impossible without a radical strengthening of military discipline and ensuring high discipline.
A prerequisite for such activity is the assessment of its condition.
It should be built taking into account the following requirements.
The first requirement. Organizational and educational work to ensure the discipline of military personnel should be carried out exclusively on the basis of laws and in the name of their implementation, the requirements of the military oath, general military regulations, instructions, instructions, orders of commanders and superiors.
The second requirement. The need for a clear organization of combat training and service, life and leisure of personnel in strict accordance with the statutory provisions, as well as a strict distribution of official and service functions between performers.
Third requirement. It is connected with the development of the ability of a military team to analyze and evaluate, from the standpoint of statutory norms and rules of conduct, both for each individual serviceman and for the unit, crew, and calculation as a whole.
Requirement four. Purposefulness, activity, constancy and consistency of disciplinary influences on the individual on the part of commanders and the army community.
Fifth requirement. Decisive and uncompromising struggle in a unit, in a unit with persons prone to drinking alcohol.
The systematic individual-educational work carried out by the officers of the unit makes it possible to carry out comprehensive measures aimed at preventing offenses committed by military personnel on the basis of the use of alcoholic beverages.
A special place in the system of prevention of drunkenness and alcoholism among servicemen is occupied by their legal education.
This is a purposeful and systematic influence on consciousness, feelings and psychology in order to form stable legal ideas, beliefs and feelings among military personnel, instill in them a high legal culture, skills and habits of active lawful behavior.
Legal education contributes to the development of high discipline, unquestioning obedience, and the strengthening of military partnership.
Work to prevent drunkenness and alcoholism among the personnel of the Armed Forces must be carried out in a differentiated manner, with military discipline playing the main role in this process.
The place and significance of this process in military education is determined primarily by the fact that we are talking about instilling in a serviceman one of the most important qualities, without which the personality of a soldier is unthinkable, the specific activity of the army and navy is the concept of discipline as a military duty.
Military education, as it were, reveals the essence of the components of military discipline, aims the personnel at the exact and strict observance of the military oath and military regulations, and, in unity with training, ensures the implementation of their specific requirements.
This unified educational process is designed to promote the approval and maintenance of the statutory order.
The educational process is a form of training, which is a specially organized interaction of members of a small group, in which an influence is carried out aimed at personal development, contributing to the personal growth of a soldier and maximizing his potential in life and career.
With this in mind, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Regulations on work with the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were put into effect. This document provides for the implementation of measures to maintain high morale and psychological stability of the troops, combat duty and various types of combat training activities in the troops and subordinate military units.
In order to increase the role of sergeants (commanders of departments in subdivisions) in the prevention of negative phenomena, including offenses based on the use of alcoholic beverages, it is advisable to consider the issue of training and appointing commanders of departments of military personnel called up for service on a contract basis.
Everything must be done so that junior commanders are the backbone of the officer. They must constantly be with their subordinates and fully perform their duties.
Due to the fact that many conflict situations arise due to dissatisfaction with the life of the personnel, the efforts of the officers of the units should be concentrated on maintaining the statutory military order, achieving timely and complete satisfaction with everything necessary according to established standards.
A close-knit military team has a significant impact on solving the problems of combat training, strengthening military discipline and organization.
Success is brought not by random events, not by an emergency method, when other commanders undertake to restore order only after a series of violations - the use of alcoholic beverages by military personnel, but by constant, purposeful, carefully planned work, coordinated efforts of all command, engineering and technical staff, educational structures.
Only it allows in a complex to solve the problems of preventing offenses on the basis of the use of alcoholic beverages by military personnel, as well as to actively influence all the components that ensure the achievement of strong military discipline.