What is a personality trait. Signs of a strong personality: qualities and traits of great people. General concept of character and its manifestations

The concept of personality

Definition 1

Personality is a concept that reflects the social nature of a person for studying him as a subject, as a carrier of individual consciousness, etc.

In the context of psychology, a personality is an individual who acts as a subject of relations in society, as well as a subject in his own conscious activity.

Personality is also understood as a system of individual properties, which is manifested in human activity.

According to R. Cattell, personality is a concept that characterizes a person's behavior in a given situation. G. Allport believes that “personality is something, and it does something.

Personality is what lies behind concrete actions within the individual himself.

Personality Traits in Psychology

Remark 1

Personality traits are interpreted as certain stable features that manifest themselves in the behavior of the individual.

Properties of personality traits:

degree of expression;
their manifestation in any situation;
the possibility of measurement.

According to G. Allport, personality traits are the building blocks of psychological organization, which serve to combine reactions into single stimuli. Scientists also highlight the generalization of personality traits and their reality of manifestation in individuals.

The fact that actions or even habits are not consistent with a personality trait is not proof that the trait does not exist. G. Allport divides personality traits into general and individual, or personal, dispositions. He distinguishes three types of dispositions:

Cardinal.
Central.
Secondary.

R. Cattell, who also dealt with the problem of personality, came up with the following definition: he considers personality traits as complex constructs that determine human behavior in a variety of situations. The scientist classifies personality traits on a dichotomous basis.

The principles of classifying traits according to the principle of dichotomy:

superficial - initial;
constitutional - formed environment; ability,
temperament - dynamic traits;
common - unique features.

Consider the classification of personality traits in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Personality traits according to R. Cattell. Author24 - online exchange of student papers

Another concept of the classification of personality traits belongs to G. Eysenck. The main meaning of his concept is that there is a certain hierarchy in the location of personality traits:

superfeatures;
component features;
habitual reactions;
specific reactions.

In fact, according to G. Eysenck, there are 2 main provisions in the structure of personality:

Introversion - exraversion;
Stability - neuroticism.

Concept of character

Definition 2

Character is a certain structure of persistent mental properties that define the entire trajectory of human behavior.

Essentially, there are two aspects of character:

Statics (depending on the type of nervous activity);
Dynamics (determined by the external world).

Character can also be understood as: a certain system that includes stable behavioral motives; ratio measure inner peace with the external, as well as the specificity of the organism's adaptation to the outside world; a given specific type of human behavior.

character structure

As a rule, two groups of traits are distinguished in the character structure:

traits that express the orientation of the personality (goals, needs, etc.);
intellectual, strong-willed and emotional character traits.

They are formed in various social conditions and collective relationships of the individual. The formation of character traits is influenced by the family, friendly environment, professional team, class, institution, specifics of the labor sphere of activity and relationships in it.

Social influence on the formation of character is its content. It determines the life orientation of the individual, his material and spiritual needs, views, ideology.

The character structure reflects the specifics of the actions of the individual, her motives, the intended purpose of the activity, actions.

In addition, the character can be manifested in:

attitude towards other people ("sociability - isolation", "truthfulness - deceit");
attitude to business (“responsibility - dishonesty”, “industriousness - laziness”);
attitude towards oneself; relation to property.

The structure of the character also includes such components as:

orientation;
belief;
mental traits;
emotions;
will;
temperament;
completeness;
integrity;
certainty etc.

The relationship of character and personality temperament

In psychology, the concepts of character and temperament are inextricably linked with each other. In some cases, they are even identified and one concept is replaced by another.

There are several approaches to characterizing the relationship between character and temperament:

identification of the character and temperament of the individual.
differentiation between character and temperament, their opposition.
consideration of temperament as a structural component of a person's character.
consideration of temperament as a natural foundation for character development.

Character and temperament General characteristics that combine these concepts. Both of them are closely interconnected with the physical development of the individual, his specific qualities.

In addition, temperament is formed under the action of the central nervous system and its processes. The character develops on the basis of temperament, and, accordingly, is also associated with the nervous processes of the body.

Under the influence of temperament and its basic properties, the main personality traits are formed. But, not always only temperament determines the formation of character. Its development may be related to temperament, or it may stand in a position directly opposite to it. The characteristics of these concepts can be found both in close cooperation and in opposition to each other.

A characteristic for a student in a military registration and enlistment office is a certificate containing a description of the characteristic and distinctive features and qualities of a teenager and reflecting the opinion educational institution about him. This document is needed in the case when it becomes necessary to evaluate the young man and establish the decisions of the authorities in relation to him. It is on the content of the characteristics that it largely depends on whether the conscript will serve in the army or not. Therefore, the characteristic personality traits of a student for the military registration and enlistment office indicated in this document must be stated clearly and reliably.

Document for military commissar

Along with other standard documents, the characteristic is attached to the recruit's personal file. After a thorough study by a psychotherapist during recruiting events, depending on its content, a decision is made as to which types of troops the recruit is fit for.

The characteristic from the place of study for the military enlistment office is important in that it contains an assessment of the social activity, initiative and behavior of the young man in society. Such documents play an important role, so here it is necessary to indicate the social and mental nuances of the person being characterized. Equally important are student performance data.

The value of the content of the characteristic

However, this is only in theory, in practice, the characteristic for the military registration and enlistment office from the place of study is purely formal. Most often, its content is taken into account when it comes to distribution to the elite types of troops. In this case, the representatives of the commissariat consider the psychological portrait of the young man. If the information indicated in this document has a negative connotation, then the conscript is unlikely to enter the service in the Airborne Forces, Marine Corps units or the Presidential Regiment.

Psychologists of the military commissariat carefully study the character of the conscript and, if he wishes, to get into alternative civilian service. Since the pacifist attitude of a young man is difficult to document, the characteristic becomes the main document confirming or refuting the morale of the conscript.

Who can give a personal assessment

A characteristic in the military registration and enlistment office for a student from a school can be presented in two forms: ordinary or psychological. The first option is a mandatory certificate. She writes classroom teacher. In this case, the characteristic will contain the main points that will tell about the student's family, about his academic performance, intellectual development, about social status occupied in the classroom, the level of self-esteem and basic psychological qualities. Thus, the pedagogical certificate must contain complete and capacious information about the young man.

From a higher or secondary professional educational institution for the military registration and enlistment office, the characteristic features of the personality of a student (student) are recorded by an official - an employee of the dean's office.

Psychological characteristic

Sometimes, at the request of the competent services, it is requested psychological characteristic. Except general information about the conscript, this document should contain paragraphs describing psychological features young men. AT this case the characteristic personality traits of a student for the military enlistment office are described by a psychologist.

However, before characterizing a young man, it is necessary to conduct a whole range of studies in order to fully identify his main features. In addition to the results, it will also be necessary to describe the methods used to research and test the student. Of no small importance will be the description of the behavior of the young man during the tests.

Document Form

The characteristic does not have any strict form of filling, however, when making it, certain rules and points that must be indicated should be taken into account. Such an assessment is written in a free style by hand or typed.

Document structure

The rules for writing a characteristic for a student in the military registration and enlistment office mainly consist of certain generally accepted formulations. The structure of the evidence that defines the main character traits of a young man should include:

A block with personal information, which indicates the full name of the student, date of birth, address of residence, place of study, year of admission to the educational institution.
A block containing information about the composition of the family, financial situation and intra-family relations. Next of kin are listed here.
A block describing the psychological portrait of a young man, including information about his moral qualities and behavioral norms.
A block informing about behavior at the place of study and relationships with classmates and classmates. The average grade is indicated, the level physical training and possessions foreign languages.
Successes and achievements in the process of study. Participation in the social life of the educational institution.
Hobbies of a young man, his habits.

The characteristic personality traits of a student for the military registration and enlistment office described in the certificate should not only contain the good qualities of the conscript, but also indicate his shortcomings. Information should be entered by the responsible person, if the young person has drives to the police station, about conflicts and tendencies to mood swings, outbursts of anger or depression. Despite the fact that many samples of characteristics in the military registration and enlistment office do not contain this item, you should by no means miss it.

The Importance of Accurate Information

Reliable and complete information about the personal qualities of the conscript will help to avoid unwanted situations. Timely informing the employees of the military commissariat about the characteristics of the character of the young man prevents the occurrence of possible conflicts during the service.

The specifics of writing the general psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the student

Some Descriptions of Examples characteristic features the identity of the student for the military registration and enlistment office, in addition to the generally accepted points and blocks, may contain detailed information about the deviation in development or impaired motor skills in physical or cognitive activity and features of speech. The points characterizing the mental abilities of the student must necessarily reflect information about the features of the ability to analyze and synthesize information obtained through visual and auditory perception.

The emotional-volitional sphere of the student can also be characterized here: sensitivity, prevailing moods, the level of psycho-emotional excitability, the presence of outbursts of anger, subordination, suggestibility. Also, if available, the pathological inclinations of the young man are indicated.

When describing the characteristic features of a student's personality for the military registration and enlistment office, the teacher has the right to draw conclusions about the orientation of the personality. He is obliged to indicate the main interests, criteria for self-assessment and responsibility of the student. The tasks of the responsible person include forming an assessment of the behavior of the norms and rules of the student's behavior in society, determining the place and role in the team, indicating the level of social adaptation of the young man and relationships with others.

In the characteristic being compiled, the responsible person has the right to reflect his own conclusions about the student or indicate the general opinion of the teaching staff.

Sample characteristics of a student in the military registration and enlistment office from school

Characteristics for a student of 11 "B" class

MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5"

Barnaul, Altai Territory

Petrov Vladislav Fedorovich

Petrov Vladislav Fedorovich, born in 1990 has been a student of MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5" since 2008. Currently, he is completing his studies in the 11th grade.

The level of physical fitness is high. Healthy, the physical training group is the main one. Doesn't use alcohol or drugs. Tobacco smoking has a negative attitude. There were no leads to the police.

Height - 172 cm, weight - 70 kg. Physical development corresponds to age norms.

Family Composition:

Mother works as a cook in the school canteen, education - secondary special.
My father works as a technologist at a woodworking enterprise, his education is higher.
My brother is in 6th grade.
On the side of the father, there are grandparents on the side of the mother.

They live in their own house, living conditions are good.

The family belongs to the average level of material prosperity.

Family relationships are warm and trusting. At home, the student is treated with care and understanding, they control the observance of school discipline and the level of academic performance. In turn, the student treats his relatives with respect. His father enjoys special authority.

During his studies at school, the young man showed himself on the positive side. The teaching staff characterizes him as a responsible, hardworking and conscientious student. Disciplined, modest, independent, sociable and friendly towards peers. He knows how to defend his own opinion.

In the main subjects of the curriculum, it has grades "good" and "excellent". Average score progress - 4.1

By nature - calm, balanced, tends to prevent conflict situations. When there is a conflict, he tries to come to a compromise. There are many friends, he enjoys authority among his comrades. Always ready to help classmates and support in difficult times.

An active participant in the social and sports activities of the educational institution. She strives to fulfill school assignments with full dedication. From the second grade, she has been involved in athletics and periodically wins prizes in district, city and regional sports events.

Date - 01/15/2018

Director - Cherepanova Galina Petrovna

Class teacher - Frolova Irina Viktorovna

Finally

A characteristic for the military enlistment office from the place of study is a kind of resume. Therefore, the definition of the main characterizing qualities and personal assessment must be approached with special responsibility. After all, how accurately and reliably the facts are stated depends not only on the effective distribution to certain troops, but also on the likelihood of conflict situations during military service.

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Character is a manifestation of an emotional reaction in a person's behavior in various relationships and specific situations. The character of a certain person and all his features of the manifestation of qualities are a consequence of upbringing and living conditions in a social society.

Of course, individual adjustment and various life circumstances affect human psychology, but the formation and development of higher mental functions and genetic features are laid and formed in the womb, so when a person is born, almost from the first days he shows his individual characteristics. Any person can be characterized and assigned a certain type of personality.

Also, you can pay attention to the manifestation of characteristic typical signs different peoples, i.e. exist general definitions specific nationalities. For example, the character of the Russian is clearly different from other national mentalities.

The temperament of a Russian person:

“Breadth and generosity of the soul”, which is absent in most nations.
Patience, perseverance and endurance.
Craving for justice and compassion.
Of the negative: laziness, pessimism, hypocrisy and foul language.

It is easy to define a Russian person by temperament, foreign nations associate a Russian person as someone who loves to walk "in a big way", they have always been surprised by the generosity, steadfastness and selflessness of the Russian people. Only a Russian person has an original sense of humor, which perplexes foreign brethren. Many foreign men believe that a Russian woman is the best companion for life, as she has responsiveness, humanity, loyalty and compassion.

Also, a decent barrier for foreigners is the study of the Russian language, it is considered the most difficult due to excessive emotionality and the double meaning of identical words. The qualities in people of the Russian warehouse, their attitude towards other people of the social environment, are more inclined to respect religious traditions. Attitude towards Christianity, observance of religious rites begins with the origins of the formation of the Slavic race.

8 SIGNS YOU ARE LIE! How to recognize a lie?

Individual characteristics in people, revealing their signs is an indicator of the true face of a Russian person, what qualities and abilities can manifest themselves in non-standard situations social society. The psychology of a Russian person, the flexibility of the mind, extraordinary endurance, selflessness, love for the motherland, the manifestation of compassion more than once convinced opponents of their strength and steadfastness.

Classification of character traits

Traits
emotional	Volitional	Moral	intellectual
Emotionality	persistence	Honesty	Curiosity
Cheerfulness	Independence	Responsiveness	Wits
Impressionability	Uncertainty	Kindness	Resourcefulness
	Determination	Cruelty	Frivolity
	Courage		Thoughtfulness

The psychology of varying degrees of manifestation of the character of each person is individual and is formed throughout life, varies depending on social environment. There is a certain classification to which a person can be attributed.

List of manifestations in people's behavior and assessment of qualities in social situations.

Volitional qualities are features of the properties of a particular person that manifest themselves in non-standard situations (endurance, patience, stubbornness, courage, cowardice, courage, discipline, etc.)
Emotional manifestations are duration mental processes in a certain person in specific situations (negative, positive, dynamic, neutral, statistical, non-traditional).
Intellectual features of an individual person, the quality of a person’s thinking (breadth, depth, flexibility, criticality, stupidity, etc.)

List of manifestations of the qualities of people

Attitude to the surrounding world, divided into four types:

I'm good - everyone is good.
I'm good, everyone's bad.
I'm bad - everyone is good.
I'm bad - everyone is bad.
Attitude towards one's personality (self-respect, self-criticism, arrogance, self-esteem, etc.).
Attitude towards work (laziness, diligence, accuracy, tolerance, negligence, punctuality, responsibility, etc.).
Attitude in social environment groups (sociability, isolation, truthfulness, deceit, politeness, rudeness, etc.).

Types of human temperament

Temperament is the constant features of the individual behavior of a particular person, which are equally manifested in various activities. There are four types of definitions which are:

Sanguine, characterized by increased mobility, working capacity has pronounced mimic emotional manifestations in facial expressions, responsiveness, sociability, balance, optimism, cheerful disposition, fatigue from hard work, carelessness.
Choleric - sudden mood swings, irascibility, hysteria, quick appeasement, impulsiveness, outbursts of anger.
Melancholic - anxiety, pessimism, vulnerability, excessive worries for any reason, restraint, self-control, distrust of others.
Phlegmatic - coolness, low activity, prudence, gives the impression wise man always gets things done.

Human temperament. 4 types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic

Manifestations of character traits in men and women

The manifestation of character traits in men

The same character trait in men and women, their attitude to actions is manifested in different ways. emotional reactions while evoking completely different feelings.

For example, the touchiness of a woman manifests itself in a man in the form of angry outbursts.

Women are characterized by manifestations of excessive emotionality, sensitivity, understanding and compassion, practicality, they are more prone to sudden mood swings. The psychology of men, their attitude to values, is based on restraint and the desire for power and leadership. Each period of the era is characterized by the presence of certain qualities in men and women.

The manifestation of character traits in women

So, for example, the qualities in modern people have minor differences, more and more associations of male and female professions are being formed. Today, it is not uncommon to meet the beautiful half of humanity at the wheel, and the male stylist, hairdresser or conductor, which a few decades ago would have surprised them very much.

The main traits of a person's character are the prevailing stable, innate or acquired qualities that are constantly manifested in the behavior of an individual person. Having learned what signs correspond to a certain person, you can make a psychological portrait, attitude and opinion about him, as well as assign a type of temperament (choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic).

Classify what inherent individual qualities in order to determine the positive and negative traits character and draw general conclusions. This will help, for example, when applying for a job in choosing a position, and sometimes in choosing a life partner, by determining the criteria that you value.

Negative and positive personality traits

The psychology of any person is the continuous formation of a quality of character, depending on what conditions, therefore it is common for him to show negative traits, they can change depending on what conditions, for worse or better.

There are also permanent negative qualities that appear in an individual person, which do not change throughout life.

Negative character traits can not always be regarded as their negative features and qualities can emphasize dignity:

Self-confidence - self-satisfaction, can provoke a craving for efficiency and performance improvement, for the realization of self-satisfaction.
Stubbornness provokes the achievement of goals.
Selfishness - ignoring others is bad, but trying to please others is not always beneficial. Sometimes you need to think about yourself in order to be able to help others.
Envy, some people can provoke them to desire to achieve a better result than others.

There are such character traits in people as cruelty, deceit, hypocrisy, laziness, stinginess, rudeness, gloom, etc., which will never provoke them to good deeds.

Positive and negative character traits of their qualities are present to a greater or lesser extent in every person. Positive ones can cover up negative character traits of an individual person. For example, people are lazy but good-natured or selfish but neat and hardworking, rude but responsive and generous, and so on.

List of positive qualities and their signs:

Endurance and patience.
Gratitude and Morality.
Initiative and ingenuity.
Cheerfulness and giftedness.
Sensitivity and optimism, etc.

The main character traits in women

List of predominant qualities and their distinctive properties:

The main character traits in men

List of predominant qualities and their properties:

4 main psychotypes of personality. How to determine and recognize the character of a person?

Features of behavior, communication, attitudes towards people, objects, work, things show the character traits that an individual possesses. According to their totality, an opinion about a person is determined. Such clichés as "the soul of the company", "bore", "pessimist", "cynic" are the result of an assessment of a person's character traits. Understanding how character is structured helps in building relationships. And this applies to both their own qualities and others.

Human character traits: classification.

2. Other people

Closeness-sociability. It shows the openness of a person, his looseness, how easy it is for him to make acquaintances, how he feels in a new company, team.
truthfulness-falsity. Pathological liars lie even in trifles, hide the truth, easily betray. There are people who embellish reality, most often they do it because reality seems boring or not bright enough to them.
Independence-conformity. This quality shows how a person. Whether he relies on his experience, knowledge, opinion, or follows someone's lead and it is easy to suppress him.
Rudeness-politeness. Anger, inner feelings make a person rude. Such people are rude in queues, public transport, disrespectful to subordinates. Politeness, although it refers to positive character traits, can have a selfish background. It can also be an attempt to avoid confrontation.

3 things

neatness-slovenliness. Creative mess or meticulous cleanliness in the house can show how neat a person is. It can also be characterized by appearance. Sloppy people often arouse antipathy, and there are not always those who want to see a broad soul behind external absurdity.
thrift-negligence. You can evaluate a person by his attitude to the accumulated property, borrowed items. Although this trait of a person ended up in the material group, it can also manifest itself in relation to people.
greed-generosity. To be called generous, it is not necessary to be a philanthropist or give the last. At the same time, excessive generosity is sometimes a sign of irresponsibility or an attempt to "buy" someone else's favor. Greed is expressed not only in relation to other people, but also to oneself, when a person, out of fear of being left without money, saves even on trifles.

4. Self

exactingness. When this personality trait is clearly expressed, two extremes appear. A person who is demanding of himself is often just as strict with others. He lives by the principle "I could, so others can." He may not be tolerant of other people's weaknesses, not realizing that each is individual. The second extreme is built on uncertainty. A person tortures himself, considering himself insufficiently perfect. A striking example is workaholism.
Self-criticism. A person who knows how to criticize himself has a healthy. Understanding, accepting and analyzing your achievements and defeats helps in the formation of a strong personality. When the balance is disturbed, either self-blame is observed.
Modesty. It must be understood that modesty and are different concepts. The first is based on the value system instilled during education. The second is a call to development. In a normal state, modesty is manifested in moderation, calmness, knowledge of the measure in words, expression of emotions, financial spending, etc.
Egoism and egocentrism. Similar concepts, but the feature here is egoism, but egocentrism is a way of thinking. think only of themselves, but use others for their own purposes. Egocentrics are often misanthropes and do not need others, believing that no one is worthy of them.
Self-esteem. Shows how a person feels internally. Outwardly, it is expressed in a high assessment of their rights and social value.

Assessment of personality and types of characters.

In addition to the main character traits that are formed in the system of relations, psychologists also distinguish other areas:

Intellectual. Resourcefulness, curiosity, frivolity, practicality.
Emotional. Passion, sentimentality, impressionability, irascibility, cheerfulness.
Strong-willed. Courage, perseverance, determination.
Moral. Fairness, responsiveness, .

There are motivational traits-goals that drive a personality, determine its guidelines. As well as instrumental traits-methods, they show exactly what methods the desired will be achieved. So, for example, a girl may appear when she persistently and proactively seeks her lover.

Gordon Allport put forward a theory about what character traits are. The psychologist divided them into the following types:

dominant. They determine the behavior of the individual as a whole, regardless of the sphere, and at the same time influence other qualities or even overlap them. For example, kindness or greed.
Ordinary. They are also expressed in all . These include, for example, humanity.
Minor. They do not particularly affect anything, often stemming from other traits. For example, diligence.

There are typical and individual personality traits. Typical ones are easy to group, noticing one of the dominant qualities or a few minor ones, you can “draw” a personal portrait as a whole, determine the type of character. This helps to predict actions, better understand a person. So, for example, if an individual has responsiveness, then most likely he will come to the rescue in difficult situation support, listen.

Want to make better decisions, find your ideal career and realize your potential to the maximum? Find out for free what kind of person you were destined to become at birth with the help of the system

Positive and negative character traits.

Personality is a balance of positive and negative qualities. In this regard, everything is conditional. For example, it is considered a bad property, but some psychologists argue that it can become an incentive to work on yourself or improve your life. The distortion of positive traits, on the contrary, can lead to their transformation into negative qualities. Persistence develops into obsession, initiative into self-centeredness.

It is necessary to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of character, they often have to be remembered when filling out a resume. They terrify many, because it can be difficult to evaluate oneself. Here's a little cheat sheet:

Weak. Formality, irritability, shyness, impulsiveness, inability to remain silent or say "no".
Strong. Perseverance, sociability, patience, punctuality, organization, determination.
Negative., vindictiveness, cruelty, parasitism.
Positive. Kindness, sincerity, optimism, openness, peacefulness.

Character traits are formed in childhood, but at the same time they can change, transform depending on life circumstances. It's never too late to change what you don't like about yourself.