Positive and negative character traits of Madame Jourdain. Composition on the topic: How can one explain the actions of Jourdain in the work The tradesman in the nobility, Molière. Initiation into "mamamushi"
In 1670 he wrote Molière's comedy-ballet The Tradesman in the Nobility. Summary and characteristics of the main characters of the work are presented in this article. Let's start with a summary.
Jourdain decides to become a nobleman
One gentleman, an honorary bourgeois, it would seem, has everything you could wish for - money, health, family. However, he decided to become a noble lord. "What is the main character's name?" - you ask. Mr Jourdain. It is he, the main character of the work, who begins the pursuit of aristocracy. To do this, he hires teachers, tailors, who must make him a nobleman. At the same time, each of them wants to cheat Jourdain, saying exorbitant compliments to his education, talent and taste.
Jourdain's classes from the comedy "The tradesman in the nobility" (Molière)
A summary of his work is as follows. The author describes how Julien invites those present to evaluate his extravagant dressing gown. Of course, there is no limit to the admiration of teachers, because the amount of money received by him from him depends on what assessment to give to the taste of the owner. Everyone invites Jourdain to dance and play music - what noble gentlemen do. The dancer begins to teach the tradesman the minuet, and the musician insists on the need for weekly home concerts.
However, the graceful movements of the protagonist are interrupted by the fencing teacher. He says that it is his subject that is the science of sciences. The teachers, carried away by the argument, reached the point of assault. The philosophy teacher, who came up a little later, tried, at the request of Jourdain, to reconcile the fighting. However, as soon as he advised everyone to take up philosophy - the most important of the sciences, he himself became embroiled in a fight.
The philosopher, rather shabby, nevertheless proceeded to his lesson. However, the tradesman refused to deal with logic and ethics. Then the teacher began to talk about pronunciation, and this caused Jourdain's childish joy. His delight at the discovery of the fact that he spoke in prose was truly great. An attempt to improve the text of the note addressed to the lady of the heart failed. The bourgeois decided to leave his version, considering it the best.
New costume and failed attempts to impress
More important than all the sciences was the tailor who came, and the philosopher was forced to retire. Jourdain was given a new suit in the latest fashion. Generously spiced with flattery ("your grace"), he essentially emptied Jourdain's purse.
His sober-minded wife spoke out resolutely against walking her husband through the Parisian streets, since he had already become a laughing stock in the city. The desire to impress the maid and wife with the fruits of training did not bring success. Nicole calmly said "u", and then, without any rules, pricked her master with a sword.
Visit of Count Dorant
We continue the retelling. "The tradesman in the nobility" is a work that further describes the visit of Count Dorant, Jourdain's new "friend". This is a liar and a squandered rogue. Going into the living room, the count noticed that he was talking in the royal chambers about the owner of the house. Dorant has already borrowed 15,800 livres from a gullible bourgeois and has now come to borrow another 2,000. In gratitude for this, he decides to arrange amorous affairs of his "friend" with the Marquise Dorimena, the woman for whom the dinner party is arranged.
Unsuccessful matchmaking and Covel's idea
The tradesman's wife is worried about the fate of her daughter. The fact is that the young man Cleont asks for the girl's hand, to whom Lucille reciprocates. Nicole (servant) leads the groom to Jourdain. He sees his daughter as either a duchess or a marquise, therefore he refuses the young man. Cleon is in despair, but Coviel, his nimble servant, who, by the way, claims to be Nicole's hand, volunteers to help his master. He conceives something that will lead the intractable tradesman to consent to marriage.
Marchioness Pleasing
Enter Dorant and Dorimene. The count brings the widowed marquise to Jourdain's house not at all to please the gullible tradesman. He has been chasing her for a long time, and the insane spending of the crazy Jourdain, which he attributes to himself, plays into his hands.
The marquise happily sits down at a luxurious table and eats gourmet dishes under the compliments of Jourdain, this strange man. The mistress of the house, who has appeared, destroys the magnificent atmosphere with her anger. Her husband assures her that it is the Count who is giving dinner. However, Madame Jourdain does not believe her husband. Offended by the accusations made against her by the mistress of the house, Dorimena, and Dorant with her, decide to leave the house.
Initiation into "mamamushi"
What then does Molière talk about in the comedy "The Bourgeoisie in the Nobility"? The summary will help you remember or learn about what happened after the departure of Dorimena and Dorant. There is a new guest in the house. This is Koviel in disguise. He talks about the fact that Jourdain's father was supposedly a real nobleman, and not a merchant. After this statement, he can safely hang noodles on the ears of the tradesman. Koviel tells that the son of the Turkish sultan came to the capital. Seeing Lucille, he is mad with love and certainly wants to marry this girl. However, before that, he longs to dedicate his future father-in-law to the "mamamushi" (Turkish nobleman).
Disguised Cleont acts as the son of the Turkish Sultan. He speaks in gibberish and Coviel translates it into French. This is accompanied by songs, dances, Turkish music. According to the ritual, the future "mamamushi" is beaten with sticks.
The final
What kind of ending did Moliere prepare for the reader of the work "The Bourgeois in the Nobility"? We will try to summarize it briefly, without missing the main point. Dorimena and Dorant return to the house. They seriously congratulate the tradesman on the high title he has received. The "nobleman" wants to quickly marry his daughter to the son of the Turkish Sultan. Recognizing the disguised lover as a jester-Turk, Lucille meekly agrees to fulfill the will of her father. Koviel whispers to Madame Jourdain to the heart of the matter, and after that she changes her anger to mercy. Father's blessing received. A messenger is sent for the notary. Dorimena and Dorant also decided to use his services. While waiting for the representative of the law required to register marriages, the guests watch a ballet choreographed by a dance teacher.
The requirements of the era and the innovation carried out by Jean-Baptiste Molière
"The tradesman in the nobility" is a work that was written in the 17th century. It was an era that demanded the observance of the trinity of action, place and time. They were strictly followed by the classical literature of the time. In addition, the genres were divided into "low" (comedy) and "high" (tragedies). Classical literature had to follow the following rule in depicting heroes: each of them fully illuminated one or another property of character (negative or positive), which was either ridiculed or elevated to virtue.
However, Molière, observing in general terms the requirements of the era, stepped into realism. Departing from the samples of the classics of literature of that time, in the person of Jourdain, he ridiculed the huge stratum of the wealthy bourgeois who inhabited the cities, who rushed into the upper classes of society. In order to emphasize how ridiculous and ridiculous these upstarts striving to sit in other people's sledges are, the satirist created a comedy-ballet, a completely new genre. Like some other classics of literature (Pushkin, Gogol, etc.), he acts as an innovator of form.
An episode from the life of Louis XIV that became the basis of a comedy
Molière wrote "The Tradesman in the Nobility" for Louis XIV, french king, who was greatly stung by the Turkish ambassador's remark that the Sultan's horse was decorated much more elegantly and richer than the king's horse. Jourdain's mocking and stupid initiation into "mamamushi", the dances of dancers disguised as Turks - all this causes laughter at what vanity does to a person, what a fool it turns him into. It is especially ugly where one hopes for accumulated wealth. In fact, no capital will replace the nobility of the family and the born aristocracy from the first roles. This is what Moliere wanted to show ("The tradesman in the nobility"). The characters depicted by him serve to reveal this thought.
The image of Jourdain
On his vain desire to break into the nobility, not only false teachers who assure the main character of his success in training, but also Dorant, a cunning and mercenary count, who borrowed solid sums from a tradesman, blinded by his desire, profit from him and does not intend to return them. Jourdain, who believes that he is obligated to have a lady of the heart, gives the Marquise Dorimene, through Dorant, a diamond. Dorimena believes that this is a gift from the count. And it is to the count that she attributes the ballet performance and the exquisite dinner.
This "philistine in the nobility" is especially ridiculous in uncomfortable, but supposedly supposed to be a nobleman's suits. The main characters laugh at him, but not only they: the maid, the teachers, and everyone around. The climax is the initiation into "mamamushi", played out by Covel, Jourdain's servant, who disguised himself as a Turk. The newly minted "mamamushi" in joy cannot refuse the "son of the Turkish Sultan". He agrees to the marriage of his daughter, as well as the marriage of the servants.
The merchant, prudent and energetic, dexterous and clever, seemed to have lost all these qualities when he decided to get himself a nobility. We involuntarily feel sorry for him when he has to fend off ridicule and he explains that he is striving for the title for the sake of his daughter. Practically uneducated, who worked a lot in life, but did not have the opportunity to comprehend science, the tradesman realized the squalor own life and decided to secure a better future for his daughter. This effort, however, did not bring good either to her or to Jourdain himself. The girl was almost separated from her lover. Vanity is a bad helper in the desire to improve one's position in society.
Jourdain's wife
Jourdain's wife always calls the reader positive feedback. "The tradesman in the nobility" is a work in which a true representative of the nobility is depicted in her face. This is a practical, sensible woman with self-esteem. With all her strength, she tries to resist the mania of her husband. All her actions are aimed at driving out uninvited guests who live off Jourdain and use his vanity and gullibility for their own purposes. Unlike her husband, she does not have respect for the title of nobility and prefers to marry her daughter to common man, who would not look down on her bourgeois relatives.
Nobility in comedy
The nobility in the comedy is represented by two characters: Marquise Dorimena and Count Dorant. The latter has a captivating appearance, refined manners, noble origin. However, at the same time, he is a swindler, a poor adventurer, ready for any meanness for the sake of money, not excluding pandering. He calls Monsieur Jourdain a kind friend. This man is ready to praise him appearance, manners. Dorant "confesses" that he really wanted to see Jourdain. Then, having bribed him with crude flattery, he asks for a loan of more money. Acting like a subtle psychologist, Dorant notes that many people would gladly lend him, but he was afraid to offend Jourdain by asking someone else. This conversation is heard by the tradesman's wife, so the true reasons that gave rise to the strange friendship between Jourdain and Dorant are not revealed here. Alone with the tradesman, the count reports that the marquise reacted favorably to his gift. It immediately becomes clear that Jourdain is trying to be like a nobleman not only by his manners and manners, but also by his "passion" for the Marquise, trying to attract her attention with gifts. However, the count is also in love with Dorimena and uses Jourdain's means, his gullibility and stupidity in order to achieve the favor of the marquise.
So in in general terms topic of interest to us. "The tradesman in the nobility" is a work that can be analyzed in more detail. Based on the information provided and the original comedy, you can do it yourself. Discover features works of art always interesting.
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The main character of the comedy is Mr. Jourdain. He is rich, but his family confuses him, he is disgusted by his origin. Jourdain has a great desire to enter the circle of high society. His opinion about the fact that money decides everything can be called erroneous. Jourdain is confident that the funds will solve the issue of love, titles, knowledge and other issues. The protagonist illiterate and uneducated. Therefore, people only pretend that he is smart and educated, in fact, they only need his money. Jourdain is very naive and is deceived by almost all people. He is flattered and complimented, and against this background, both teachers and tailors deceive him.
The character looks very funny, especially in situations where his desire to turn into an aristocrat is manifested. The author of the comedy makes it clear that the main character, with his desire, empties his soul of good inclinations. If you take, in general, the main character is not a fool, he managed to use his father's money and, moreover, multiply it. Jourdain also has enough intelligence to understand that his teachers are deceiving him, they give him the wrong truths. The truths given to him by teachers only fetter him and do not allow him to develop in the right direction. Jourdain often becomes an occasion for ridicule. Even his servants, at the sight of him, are not able to restrain themselves from laughing. The hero notices this, but it does not matter to him, because he has a goal that not only makes him a laughingstock, but also endangers others.
For his environment, which does not affect his future, in his opinion, success in high society, Jourdain becomes dangerous. His wife can fall under a hot hand, and Jourdain begins to insult and deceive her. Servants are also victims of mistreatment and humiliation. Even the daughter is only a stage that can help Jourdain achieve his goal. The happiness of his daughter is in great danger, but it does not matter, it is important to get the title of an aristocrat.
The author of the play, with all the kindness and responsiveness of Jourdain, nevertheless presents him as a rude, cynical and illiterate person. Of course, the hero causes laughter, but how can you despise him for it? The author mainly tried to ridicule the aristocrats. Whatever the hero is, he adheres to his line of life to the last, he does not change his judgments. As a result, we can say about Jourdain that he is too spoiled for a luxurious life and he is bored. He's doing something totally useless.
Essay about Jourdain
The main character of the creation "The tradesman to the nobility" is Mr. Jourdain. Jourdain is richest man, which carefully hides its origin. His poor background prevented him from entering secular society.
The hero believed that money rules everything and everything can be purchased with it, up to love and noble education. For his money, the hero hired a large number of teachers who began to teach him the behavior of aristocrats and certain sciences. During the training, the hero managed to expose the shortcomings and ignorance of people from high society. The hero did not have special knowledge and therefore he became a victim of deceivers. Jourdain was deceived by everyone from simple teachers to a tailor.
The desire to become a nobleman made Jourdain a real laughing stock. The author showed that thanks to vices, people can forget about their good inclinations. Hobbies have become the meaning of life for the hero. Jourdain had a special mind that helped him increase his father's fortune. He knew that the tailor was deceiving him, and yet he did not contradict him. Because the hero really wanted to become an aristocrat. Jourdain also knew that the teachers did not teach him anything. However, the desire to become a noble was stronger than his mind.
Everyone laughed at Jourdain. His wife tried to dissuade her husband from the plan. The tailor Dorant pretended to be a friend, although in his heart he hated him. The hero became a laughingstock even in front of his servants. The reason for the laughter was the ridiculous outfit of Jourdain. His desire to break into the ranks of the nobles becomes dangerous for the people around him. He began to deceive and constantly humiliate his wife. He also began to mistreat the servants. He even decided to sacrifice his daughter's happiness in order to become an aristocrat.
In the work, the author described Jourdain as a rude and uneducated person. At the same time, the hero was a naive, sincere and good-natured person. After studying certain sciences, the hero began to express himself in prose. Each of his discovery and action caused only laughter. In the play, the author laughed at the aristocrats and directed the edge of satire against them. Despite a strong desire to get into high society, Jourdain has always remained a sincere person, unlike Dorimen and Dorant, who have no conscience and honor. Jourdain is a kind and wealthy man who has found himself an unnecessary hobby.
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"The Philistine in the Nobility" is a comedy-ballet created by the great Molière in 1670. This is a classic work, supplemented with elements of folk farce, features of ancient comedy and satirical compositions of the Renaissance.
History of creation
In the autumn of 1669, the ambassadors of the Ottoman Sultan visited Paris. The Turks were greeted especially pompously. But decorations, a spectacular meeting and luxurious apartments did not surprise the guests. Moreover, the Delegation stated that the reception was poor. It soon turned out that it was not ambassadors who visited the palace, but impostors.
However, the offended King Louis nevertheless demanded that Moliere create a work that would ridicule the pompous Turkish customs and the specific mores of Eastern culture. It took only 10 rehearsals and the play "Turkish Ceremony" was shown to the king. A month later, in 1670, at the end of November, the performance was presented at the Palais Royal.
However, a talented playwright after some time radically transformed the original play. In addition to satire on Turkish customs, he supplemented the work with reflections on the theme of the modern customs of the nobles.
Analysis of the work
Plot
Mr. Jourdain has money, a family and a good house, but he wants to become a true aristocrat. He pays barbers, tailors, and teachers to make him a respectable nobleman. The more his servants praised him, the more he paid them. Any whims of the master were embodied in reality, while those around him generously praised the naive Jourdain.
The dance teacher taught the minuet and the art of bowing correctly. This was important for Jourdain, who was in love with a marquise. The fencing teacher told me how to strike correctly. He was taught spelling, philosophy, learned the subtleties of prose and poetry.
Dressed in a new suit, Jourdain decided to take a walk around the city. Madame Jourdain and the maid Nicole told the man that he looked like a jester and everyone rushed about him only because of his generosity and wealth. There is a skirmish. Count Dorant appears and asks Jourdain to lend him some more money, despite the fact that the amount of debt is already quite substantial.
A young man named Cleon loves Lucille, who loves him back. Madame Jourdain agrees to the marriage of her daughter with her lover. Mr. Jourdain, having learned that Cleont is not of noble origin, sharply refuses. At this moment, Count Dorant and Dorimena appear. An enterprising adventurer courts the marchioness, passing on gifts from the naive Jourdain in his own name.
The owner of the house invites everyone to the table. The marquise is enjoying delicious treats, when suddenly Jourdain's wife appears, who was sent to her sister. She understands what is happening and makes a scandal. The Count and Marquise leave the house.
Koviel appears immediately. He introduces himself as a friend of Jourdain's father and a real nobleman. He tells that the Turkish heir to the throne arrived in the city, madly in love with the daughter of Mr. Jourdain.
To intermarry, Jourdain needs to go through the rite of initiation into mammamushi. Then the Sultan himself appears - Cleont in disguise. He speaks in a fictitious language and Coviel translates. This is followed by a mixed initiation ceremony, complete with ridiculous rituals.
Characteristics of the main characters
Jourdain is the protagonist of the comedy, a bourgeois who wants to become a nobleman. He is naive and direct, generous and reckless. Goes ahead to his dream. Happy to lend money. If he is angered, he instantly flares up, starts screaming and making a fuss.
He believes in the omnipotence of money, so he uses the services of the most expensive tailors, hoping that it is their clothes that will “do their job”. Everyone fools him: from servants to close relatives and false friends. Rudeness and bad manners, ignorance and vulgarity contrast quite noticeably with claims to noble gloss and grace.
Jourdain's wife
The wife of a petty tyrant and a false nobleman is opposed to her husband in the work. She is educated and full of common sense. A practical and sophisticated lady always behaves with dignity. The wife tries to guide her husband on the "path of truth" by explaining to him that everyone is using him.
She is not interested in titles of nobility, not obsessed with status. Even her beloved daughter, Madame Jourdain, wants to marry a person of equal status and intelligence, so that she feels comfortable and well.
Dorant
Count Dorant represents the nobility. He is aristocratic and vain. He makes friends with Jourdain solely out of selfish motives.
The man's enterprise is manifested in the way he deftly appropriates the gifts of the enamored Jourdain, presented to the marquise, as his own. Even the presented diamond he gives out as his gift.
Knowing about Covel's prank, he is in no hurry to warn his friend about the insidious plans of scoffers. Rather, on the contrary, the count himself has plenty of fun with the stupid Jourdain.
marquise
Marchioness Dorimena - widow, represents noble noble family. For her sake, Jourdain is studying all the sciences, spending incredible money on expensive gifts and organizing social events.
It is full of hypocrisy and vanity. In the eyes of the owner of the house, she says that he spent so much for nothing on the reception, but at the same time enjoys delicacies with pleasure. The marquise is not averse to accepting expensive gifts, but at the sight of her boyfriend's wife, she pretends to be embarrassed and even offended.
Beloved
Lucille and Cleont are people of a new generation. They are distinguished by a good upbringing, smart and resourceful. Lucille loves Cleont, so when she learns that she will be married to another, she sincerely opposes it.
The young man really has something to love. He is intelligent, noble in manner, honest, kind and loving. He is not ashamed of his relatives, does not pursue ghostly statuses, openly declares his feelings and desires.
The comedy is distinguished by a particularly thoughtful and clear structure: 5 acts, as required by the canons of classicism. One action is not interrupted by secondary lines. Molière introduces ballet into the dramatic work. This violates the requirements of classicism.
The theme is Mr. Jourdain's crazyness in noble titles and nobility. The author criticizes in his work the aristocratic mode, the humiliation of the bourgeoisie in front of the class that allegedly dominates.
