Biology. Biology Test part of the Unified State Exam biology how many points

There are a lot of professions related to biology. And if the graduate decides to devote his further life to medicine, psychology, pedagogy, technology Food Industry, pharmacology or agriculture, then a biology exam at the end of secondary school is mandatory for him. What will it be like Unified State Exam in Biology 2017?

The state biology exam in 2017 will be different from the exams of previous years. Not many changes have been made, but they are significant.

A new, more optimized structure of the examination paper is proposed. The number of tasks has been reduced to 28, compared to 40 in 2016. The maximum number of primary points for the entire work has been reduced, now it is 59 points, instead of 60 last year. But the amount of time to complete the examination work has been increased to 210 minutes, instead of 180.

There will no longer be multiple choice questions in the exam. In this regard, the likelihood of guessing is reduced to a minimum. After all, before it was possible to use intuition, pass the threshold and score the minimum allowed number of points. Now intuition is not our help; we need knowledge. You will have to prepare carefully and start as early as possible. But there is also good news. The difficulty of the tasks has not changed, but the time to complete them has increased by 30 minutes.

The 2017 Unified State Examination in Biology contains 28 tasks and consists of two parts, each of which has its own level of difficulty and format.

First part of the exam

The first part consists of 21 short answer questions. Moreover, the answers will need to be written in the form of words or phrases, numbers or sequences of numbers, without spaces or separators.

The first part includes tasks of two difficulty levels: 10 - basic level and 11 - advanced.

This format is the first innovation and a good reason for taking the demo version of the Unified State Exam in Biology 2017.

The second innovation is in the content of tasks. The graduate will need:

analyze information in graphical or tabular form (1 task)
complete the missing information in the diagram and table (2 tasks)
establish the sequence of systematic taxa, biological objects, phenomena, processes (3 tasks)
solve biological problems in cytology and genetics (2 tasks)
complete multiple choice tasks (7 tasks) and matching tasks (6 tasks) with or without a picture

So, 21 tasks of a new type have significant differences and allow you to more accurately assess your knowledge of the material covered, and also require serious preparation.

Second part of the exam (increased difficulty)

Second part of the Unified State Exam in Biology 2017 is aimed at graduates with a high level of knowledge in the subject, or rather at identifying them. There will be no changes here. As in 2016, there will be 7 tasks, organized by type educational activities and in accordance with the themes of the subject. Graduates write answers to them independently in detailed form. There are also no changes in difficulty level: 1 advanced task and 6 high level tasks.

In the second part, the graduate must independently explain and justify biological phenomena and processes, be able to analyze, systematize and integrate knowledge, and confirm theory with practice. And all this should be correctly formulated in a detailed answer.

How is it assessed?

The initial maximum number of points for the state exam in 2017 has changed, but not significantly.

For completing 10 tasks of a basic level of complexity, 17 points are given, for 12 tasks higher level- 24 points, for 6 high-level tasks - 18. In total - 59 points. for passing the biology exam will be 36 points.

What you need to know

The exam involves testing knowledge of the subject in full. And if something is missed, even for a good reason, this fact is not taken into account during the exam. Therefore, it is advisable for the future graduate to begin preparing for it as early as September in order to have time to fill in all the gaps.

Knowledge testing in biology will be carried out in the following sections:

Biology as a science. Methods of scientific knowledge
Cell as a biological system
Organism as a biological system
System and diversity of the biological world
The human body and its health
Evolution of living nature
Ecosystems and their inherent patterns

Use this list to test yourself and catch up on missed topics.

What you need to know

At the Unified State Examination in biology, it is also important to show your skills and abilities to use the acquired knowledge. The graduate must correctly use terminology and identify biological objects not only by description, but also by drawing. When explaining biological processes Those who use not only words, but also tables, graphs, and diagrams will have a significant advantage. Solve problems, draw conclusions and apply theoretical knowledge in practice, in everyday life.

Every year FIPI releases an updated demo version of the Unified State Exam in Biology. The graduate has the opportunity to calmly understand the instructions, assignments, rules of conduct, assessment criteria, and practically go through all stages of the exam. Of course, the demo version is not an exact copy of the Unified State Exam, but, nevertheless, it allows the student to feel calmer and more confident when everything happens for real.

In preparing for the Unified State Exam in biology, each graduate needs to take into account his personal, individual characteristics. Everyone knows their weaknesses and strengths, memory capabilities, performance. Those who have not yet figured this out can turn to their parents and teachers for help. It’s worth talking to those who have already taken the Unified State Exam and getting additional information first-hand. In a word, all methods are good for preparation, the main thing is not to leave everything for May, not to hope that “maybe it will blow over,” but to start systematically studying now.

Biology is one of the subjects that a graduate chooses on his own at the Unified State Examination. And if he makes a choice in favor of biology, then he likes this science. Therefore, all worries and worries should be left at the door so as not to interfere. And take with you composure, confidence, remember everything and get the highest score.

Video news, demo versions

The USE in Biology 2018 is an optional exam, it is completely optional. At the same time, this subject takes 5th place after the compulsory Russian language and mathematics, followed by social studies and physics. 5th place – for biology (approximately 18% of graduates choose it).

Where is biology useful?

Biology is taken at many universities:

medical;
biological universities;
in pedagogy for the specialty “Teacher of Biology”;
in agriculture;
veterinary;
at the Faculty of Physical Education;
psychological;
environmental;
at the Faculty of Garden Design;
on Faculty of Biology in technical universities, where biology is studied at the intersection with physics.

There are a lot of professions related to biology:

an engineer who models problems related to human life;
a doctor who will treat possible diseases in the future;
an ecologist who cares about the health of the entire country. The task of an ecologist is to create conditions in which humanity will drink clean water and breathe clean air;
psychologist;
athlete.

These are the people who make a person’s life more fulfilling and meaningful and, moreover, prolong this life.

Required documents

The FIPI website contains the following documents needed to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history:

Specification (description of the work, lists the necessary documents, reflects the structure of the Unified State Examination in biology, provides a plan for the KIM version).
Codifier (list of skills and topics that are tested on the Unified State Exam in biology).
Demo version of the Unified State Exam in biology (one Unified State Exam option in biology), with which you need to start preparing for state exam on history.

Features of the structure of the Unified State Exam in biology

Total 28 tasks
Part 1 Part 2
21 tasks with a short answer 7 tasks with a detailed answer

Time to complete all work is 3 hours 30 minutes (210 minutes).
Maximum primary score – 59.
The established minimum test score for the Unified State Exam in biology is 36 points.

How are the key tasks of part 1 of the work organized?

Task No. 1 first appeared in 2017. Each student, preparing for an exam, reads the text, underlines key words, then finds key words and connections between them. These connections make it possible to build dependency. Thus, the text is structured, it contains connections between concepts. This task presents a certain fragment from biology, where it is required to show these connections.

Task No. 3 is interesting because the usual simple tasks, where you need to perform a solution knowing biology:

count the number of chromosomes,
indicate the number of cells that are formed during various processes, etc.

Task No. 4 requires selecting two statements that correspond to the description of the object that is presented.
Assignment No. 6 on genetics. These are tasks for monohybrid crossing, where you need to write a specific number, the ratio of numbers.
Task No. 8 on the relationship between examples and phenomena. This is the first example of a task. An alternative example of this task is also offered, where a blind drawing is given (without captions), and you need to find the positions where there are numbers 1 and 2. And only after that, having decided on the position, select the correct answers.
In task No. 9, you should find examples from the proposed text that correspond to the concepts of “stability,” “microscopicity,” and “pathogenicity.”
Task No. 15 on knowledge of species properties. In biology, the concept of “species” is a key concept around which all biology is built. The text is given. It is necessary to select only those criteria that correspond to the task posed in the text.

Task No. 20. A new (since 2017), original task that makes it possible to test several very important, key concepts in biology using one example.

Example 1 tests understanding of speciation.

Example 2 involves filling out the empty columns in the table and finding some relationships between structure, object and function.

Task No. 21.

Example 1. The formation of natural science literacy and research skills is possible only when a person knows how to work with information presented in various forms. In biology, for example, such information is a table where a scientist, making observations, records data, writes them down, carrying out some kind of calculation. The applicant needs to read what is noted here, just as a biologist reads it, who selects the key ones from a palisade of numbers and draws conclusions on this basis. You need to select only 2 statements that strictly correspond to the given conditions.
Example 2 requires you to select statements that can be formulated based on the analysis of the histogram. For example, you need to find species, see what they eat, encrypt this species (as if depersonalize it) and propose a relationship between the food preferences of this species. And then it is necessary to evaluate this species based on its food preferences or some other qualities.
Example 3 is a graphical representation. This tests the ability to read a chart and understand the reasons for the movement of the curve up or down.

A few words about part 2

These are open-ended tasks where the graduate will have to answer a question and demonstrate deep knowledge of the subject. Particular attention should be paid to the language in which the answer is presented. An 11th grade student must master a certain conceptual apparatus, biological terms used in answers to assignments.

What will help you effectively pass the Unified State Exam in biology?

Of course, the textbooks that are used in schools. These can be textbooks from different authors that can be combined.

Clear planning of your activities in preparation for the Unified State Exam in Biology 2018.

The student’s deep interest in learning and passing the subject high score.

You have to be motivated, you have to want to study the subject of biology, and then the result will not be long in coming.

date conducting the Unified State Exam in biology will be known in January 2018.

You can find out about the results of the Unified State Exam in biology in 2018 in your educational organization or on the official website of the Unified State Exam.

If the Ministry of Education decides to make any changes to KIMS Unified State Examination in biology, then you need to be prepared for anything, don’t waste time and start preparing now!

Municipal budget educational institution

"Average comprehensive school No. 4, Shebekino, Belgorod region"

Features of solving and evaluating tasks 22-28 Unified State Exam in biology

Prepared by: Arnautova Natalya Zakharovna,

teacher of chemistry and biology

MBOU "Secondary school No. 4, Shebekino, Belgorod region"

2017

EXAMINATION PLAN for the Unified State Exam in Biology

Generalization and application of knowledge about humans and the diversity of organisms

Task C4 (25) includes questions related to the content blocks “System and diversity of the organic world” and “The human body and its health.”

SYSTEM AND DIVERSITY OF THE ORGANIC WORLD

Solving problems in cytology to apply knowledge in new situation

Task C6 (26) includes cytology tasks related to implementation processes hereditary information and cell division.These problems are good because the questions are specific and precise. On the other hand, they are quite complex and require a deep understanding of the processes in question. An important point when solving tasks C5 is the explanation of the actions being performed, especially if the task says: “Explain your answer.” The presence of explanations allows the evaluator to draw a conclusion about the student’s understanding of this topic, and their absence can lead to the loss of a very important point.

Task C6 (26) is worth three points, which are awarded in case of a completely correct solution. Therefore, when starting a task, first of all it is necessary to highlight all the issues. The number of answers must correspond to them, otherwise you may also lose a point.

When solving a number of problems in this section, it is necessary to use the genetic code table. The rules for using the table are usually indicated in the assignment, but it is better to learn this in advance. To determine the amino acid encoded by a particular triplet, you must perform the following steps. We find the first nucleotide of the triplet in the left vertical row, the second in the upper horizontal row, the third is in the right vertical row. The desired amino acid is located at the intersection point of the imaginary lines, coming from nucleotides.

TASKS ON QUANTITATIVE RELATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HEREDITARY INFORMATION

must be indicated in the explanations following:

each amino acid is delivered to the ribosomes by one tRNA, therefore, the number of amino acids in a protein is equal to the number of tRNA molecules involved in protein synthesis;
each amino acid is encoded by three nucleotides (one triplet, or codon), so the number of coding nucleotides is always three times greater, and the number of triplets (codons) is equal to the number of amino acids in the protein;

each tRNA has an anticodon complementary to the mRNA codon, therefore the number of anticodons, and therefore the number of tRNA molecules in general, is equal to the number of mRNA codons;

mRNA is complementary to one of the DNA strands, so the number of mRNA nucleotides is equal to the number of DNA nucleotides. The number of triplets, of course, will also be the same.

Problem 1 . 75 tRNA molecules were involved in translation. Determine the number of amino acids that make up the protein being synthesized, as well as the number of triplets and nucleotides in the gene that encodes this protein.

Solution .

One tRNA molecule delivers one amino acid to the ribosome. 75 tRNA molecules were involved in translation, therefore, the synthesized protein includes 75 amino acids.

Each amino acid is encoded by one DNA triplet, so the region of DNA encoding a given protein contains 75 triplets.

Each triplet is three nucleotides, therefore, the indicated DNA section contains 75 x 3 = 225 nucleotides.

Answer:75 amino acids, 75 DNA triplets, 225 DNA nucleotides.

TASKS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF mRNA MOLECULES, tRNA ANTICODONS AND DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS SEQUENCE IN PROTEINS

When solving problems of this type, it is necessary to rememberNecessarily indicate in explanations following:

mRNA nucleotides are complementary to DNA nucleotides;

instead of thymine, uracil is written in all types of RNA;

mRNA nucleotides are written in a row, without commas, since one molecule is meant;

tRNA anticodons are written separated by commas, since each anticodon belongs to a separate tRNA molecule;

we find amino acids using the genetic code table;

if a table of the genetic code for mRNA is given, thenuse mRNA codons :

amino acids in a protein are written with a hyphen, because it means that they have already joined and formed the primary structure of the protein.

Task 2. A fragment of a DNA chain has the sequence ACCGTTTGCCCAAT. Determine the nucleotide sequence of mRNA, tRNA anticodons and amino acid sequence in the synthesized protein.

Solution.

Task 3.

What chromosome set is characteristic of the cells of the embryo and endosperm of the seed, leaves of a flowering plant. Explain the result in each case.
Answer:

1) in the cells of the seed embryo, the diploid set of chromosomes is 2n, since the embryo develops from a zygote - a fertilized egg;
2) in the endosperm cells of the seed, the triploid set of chromosomes is 3n, as it is formed by the fusion of two nuclei of the central cell of the ovule (2n) and one sperm (n);
3) the cells of the leaves of a flowering plant have a diploid set of chromosomes - 2n, since an adult plant develops from an embryo.

The answer includes all the elements mentioned above and does not contain biological errors

The answer includes 2 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 3 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors

The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 2 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors

Wrong answer

Maximum amount points

TASK No. 27 (C7)

SOLVING PROBLEMS IN GENETICS FOR APPLYING KNOWLEDGE IN A NEW SITUATION

Condition genetic problems is often voluminous, so first of all the conditions require:

highlight the features in question and introduce the appropriate designations;

establish the type of crossing: monohybrid or dihybrid;

establish the nature of inheritance: complete or incomplete dominance, autosomal or sex-linked, independent (in the case of dihybrid crosses) or linked;

identify all “characters”, i.e. all individuals indicated in the condition (if there are large number for convenience, a genealogical chart can be drawn up for such individuals);

establish the genotypes of the “characters” and, if necessary, indicate them in the appropriate diagram;

highlight all the questions posed in the condition.

After this, you can begin to directly solve the problem. To avoid unnecessary losses (meaning points), it is better to accompany all your actions with comments, especially if the problem says “Explain the solution.”

Task. In a family where the parents have normal color vision, the son is color blind.

The genes for normal color vision (D) and color blindness (d) are located on the X chromosome.

Determine the genotypes of the parents, colorblind son, gender and the likelihood of having children who are carriers of the colorblind gene. Make a diagram for solving the problem.

Explanation

1) Genotypes of parents: mother – X

, father X

2) son’s genotype – colorblind – X dU;

3) the probability of being born as carriers of the color blindness gene (X DX d) – 25%.

The answer includes all the elements mentioned above and does not contain biological errors.

The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 3 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors.

The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 2 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors.

Wrong answer

Maximum score

Bibliography

1. FIPI control and measuring project Unified State Exam materials 2018.

2. Demo versions, specifications, codifiers of the Unified State Exam 2018. FIPI website.

3. Information about planned changes to the 2018 CMM. FIPI website.

4.Site “I will solve the Unified State Exam”: biology, for an expert.

Every graduate who wants to become a student at one of the Russian universities in 2018 faces a difficult task - to successfully pass the Unified State Exam, as well as to choose the right educational institution and faculty for submitting documents. Most 11th graders and their parents are faced with the final exam grading system for the first time and often find it difficult to find answers to the questions that arise. Therefore, we decided to shed light on important points.

In 2017-2018, the main rules passing the Unified State Exam will not be significantly changed. This means that the 100-point assessment system for final tests will still be relevant for graduates.

How is everything going?

During the verification of examination papers, for each correctly completed task, the graduate is given so-called “primary points”, which upon completion of the verification of the work are summed up and converted into a “test score”, which is indicated in the Unified State Examination certificate.

Important! Since 2009, the scale for converting primary and test scores of the Unified State Exam into the traditional five-point grades for schools has not been officially used, because in 2017 and 2018 the final exams are not included in the certificate.

Work verification is performed in two ways:

automatically (using special programs and technical means);
manually (the correctness of detailed answers is checked by two independent experts).

It is quite difficult to challenge the result of an automatic check. If the basic rules were not followed when filling out the answer table, the computer may not protect the result, and only the graduate himself will be to blame for this, for not following a number of mandatory rules.

If controversial issues arise during the expert review, a third specialist is involved, whose opinion will be decisive.

When can I expect results?

The following time frames apply by law:

data processing (for compulsory subjects) in the RCIO should not last longer than 6 calendar days;
RCIO is given 4 days to process data (elective subjects);
verification at the Federal Testing Center should take no more than 5 working days;
approval of results by the State Examination Commission - 1 more day;
up to 3 days for distribution of results to Unified State Exam participants.

In practice, from the moment of passing the exam to receiving it in your hands official result may take from 8 to 14 days.

Converting Unified State Examination points into grades

Despite the fact that officially in 2018 the scale for transferring points according to Unified State Exam subjects is not used in the five-point assessment; many still want to interpret their result in a more familiar “school” system. To do this, you can use special tables or online calculators.

Table for converting OGE test scores into grades



Russian language
Mathematics


Computer science
Social science
Foreign languages

Biology
Geography
Literature

The second method is a little simpler and more convenient than searching for the required values in the cells of a huge table. You just need to choose a subject (mathematics, Russian language, chemistry, physics, history, English language, social studies... and other subjects), enter data and get the desired result in a matter of seconds.

We invite you to try how simple and convenient it is to use online calculators for the Unified State Exam score and its conversion into a 5-point score in practice.

Transferring points from primary to test

Converting Unified State Examination points into grades

Internet systems for applicants

The 2017-2018 academic year is completed, the exam has been passed, the results are known and even an interactive transfer scale primary points showed that Unified State Exam result located in a fairly good range... But is this enough to enter the desired university?

Assess the real chances of admission based on test scores and the minimum passing threshold set by the university.

Important! The minimum passing score is determined by the university itself. It will directly depend on the scores of applicants who apply in 2018. The more popular the specialty, the higher the passing score.

Often at TOP faculties, even 100-point results are not enough for admission to the budget. Only Olympiad winners who provide significant additional points have a chance to see their name on the list of applicants for such majors.

In 2018, the most popular services for selecting a university and monitoring the entrance score threshold for various specialties will be:

Ucheba.ru
Apply online
Calculator High school economy
Postyplenie.ru
Typical applicant

These services are very easy to find. Just enter their name into any search engine.

The demo version is intended in order to enable any examination participant and the general public to get an idea of the structure of the examination paper, the number and form of tasks, as well as their level of difficulty. The given criteria for assessing the completion of tasks with a detailed answer, included in demo version examination work, will allow you to get an idea of the requirements for the completeness and correctness of recording a detailed answer. This information gives graduates the opportunity to develop a strategy for preparing for the biology exam.

Instructions for performing the work
The examination paper consists of two parts, including 32 tasks. Part 1 contains 28 short-answer tasks, part 2 contains 4 long-answer tasks.
3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work in biology.
Answers to tasks 1-22 are written as one number, which corresponds to the number of the correct answer. Write this number in the answer field in the text of the work.
Answers to tasks 23-28 are written as a sequence of numbers in the answer field in the text of the work.
For tasks 29-32 you should give a detailed answer.
The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up.
Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.

Characteristics of the structure and content of CMMs
The work includes 32 tasks and consists of two parts.
Part 1 contains 28 tasks with a short answer: 22 tasks of a basic level of difficulty with the answer in the form of one number corresponding to the number of the correct answer; 6 tasks of an increased level of complexity, of which 2 with the choice and recording of three correct answers out of six, 3 to establish the correspondence of elements of two information series (including a task to include terms and concepts missed in the text, to correlate the morphological characteristics of an organism or its individual organs with proposed models according to a given algorithm), 1 to determine the sequence of biological processes, phenomena, objects.
Part 2 contains 4 tasks with a detailed answer, of which: 1 of an increased level of complexity for working with text, involving the use of information from the text of contextual knowledge to answer the questions posed; the rest are of a high level of complexity: 1 for the analysis of statistical data presented in tabular form; 2 on the application of biological knowledge to solve practical problems.
The distribution of exam work tasks by parts and types of tasks, taking into account the maximum primary score of each part and the work as a whole, is given in Table 1.

A system for assessing the performance of individual tasks and the examination work as a whole.
For correct completion of each of tasks 1-22, 1 point is awarded.
Otherwise - 0 points.
For correct completion of each of tasks 23-27, 2 points are awarded.
For answers to tasks 23 and 24, 1 point is given if the answer contains any two numbers presented in the answer standard, and 0 points in all other cases. If the examinee indicates more characters in the answer than in the correct answer, then for each extra character 1 point is reduced (up to 0 points inclusive).
For the answer to task 25, 1 point is given if one mistake is made, and 0 points if two or more mistakes are made.
For answers to tasks 26 and 27, 1 point is given if the symbol written in any one position of the answer is not the one presented in the answer standard, and 0 points in all other cases.
For complete correct completion of task 28, 3 points are awarded; 2 points if at any one position of the answer the symbol written is not the one presented in the answer standard; 1 point is given if any two positions of the answer contain characters that are not those presented in the answer standard, and 0 points in all other cases.
Tasks 29-32 are graded depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer.
The maximum initial score for completing the entire work is 46.

Changes in the OGE 2016 in biology - NO changes.
Testing at the Independent Diagnostic Center of the educational site "Kursoteka".

Trial tests are checked and graded automatically. Verification and evaluation of detailed answers is carried out by experienced teachers in accordance with the criteria and recommendations " Federal service for supervision in the field of education and science Russian Federation". Our teachers will correct the mistakes you made, give a complete and qualified analysis of errors and inaccuracies, and, if you wish, conduct a online consultation on the work performed and will give special recommendations for eliminating errors and shortcomings. Assignments with detailed answers, which are checked manually by teachers, are paid - 198 rubles. The verification period is from 1 to 3 days.

Description of the exam taken from the official website of FIPI http://www.ctege.info/demoversii-oge-2016/demoversiya-oge-2016-po-biologii.html