The white general is sweet. At the Bratsk necropolis, the burial of General Slashchev was discovered and a slab of Reconciliation and memory was erected. The image of Slashchev in art
In Moscow alleged burial place of White General Yakov Slashchev-Krymsky discovered. This is a park on the Falcon on the territory (destroyed in the 1930s) of the Fraternal Cemetery, where the heroes of the First World War, the ranks of the White Army, the victims of the Red Terror, and the soldiers of the Red Army were buried. On the occasion of the 98th anniversary of the end of the First World War, relatives a modest slab of Reconciliation and Memory with a list of the dead was installed at the Fraternal Cemetery whose burial sites have been identified. There is in this list General Slashchev.
November 11, 2016 marks the 98th anniversary of the end of the First World War. And in 2018, almost all European countries will celebrate the 100th anniversary of its completion. To this date, a symbolic tombstone was erected in the Sokol district " PLATE OF RECONCILIATION AND MEMORY", with a list of participants in the First World War, ranks white movement and soldiers of the Red Army, buried in the Fraternal Cemetery. The plate was created by relatives of the buried, volunteers of the Volunteer Corps, the Public Council "Assistance in the restoration of the Moscow military fraternal cemetery of the heroes of the First World War", a group of local residents and parishioners of the Church of All Saints in All Saints on Sokol, which is on Leningradsky Prospekt. The unique Plate is installed in the Memorial Park (near the grave of Shlikhter S.A.), located along Novopeschanaya Street near the Leningrad cinema. This park was laid out in Soviet times on the territory of the Fraternal Cemetery, where since 1915 participants in the First World War were buried, and during the Civil War - victims of the Red Terror, prisoners of war of the White Army and soldiers of the Red Army who died of wounds and diseases.
Text on marble board: "Plate of reconciliation and memory. Priest Peter Verkhovsky, sister of mercy Olga Rauer, cadet of the women's death battalion Evgenia Nekrasov, privates Fyodor Putin, Petr Naryshkin, Romanian Marin Berende, Serb Svetozar Moich, ml. non-commissioned officer of the Czech-Slovak squad Dmitry Regen, warrant officers Prince Ilya Shakhovskoy, Belgian Vladimir Uytenhoven, Sergey Postnikov, French lieutenant Alexander Bouillon, military journalist Sergey Mamontov, captain Nikolai Kavelin, Colonel Friedrich Bredis, generals Vladimir Folimonov from the Cossacks, Ivan Gogoberidze, Yakov Slashchev-Krymsky, ranks of the White Army Cossack Ignat Basakin, Abdul Khatapov, Hungarian Gustav Mart, soldiers of the Red Army Nikolai Ivanov, Fritz Matus, Berta Mauche, tsarist ministers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Alexei Khvostov, Nikolai Maklakov, watchman of the Fraternal Cemetery Ivan Weiss".
BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL DATA OF THE DEAD, WHOSE NAMES AND SURNAMES ARE LISTED ON THE PLATE OF RECONCILIATION AND MEMORY.
YAKOV SLASHCHEV-KRYMSKY- lieutenant general, hero of the First World War, one of the prominent participants in the White movement in the South of Russia and the defense of the Crimea in 1919-1920. He was fearless, constantly leading troops to attack by personal example. He had nine wounds, the last of which (a concussion in the head) was received at the Kakhovka bridgehead in early August 1920. By order of General Wrangel, he received the right to be called "Slashchev-Krymsky". In November 1920, as part of the White Army, he was evacuated from the Crimea to Constantinople, where, being in poverty, he was engaged in gardening. But outside of Russia, albeit Soviet, he did not see himself. The final decision to return to their homeland matured in the early summer of 1921. The Cheka agent reported this to Moscow. Dzerzhinsky submitted to a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) the question of organizing the return of Slashchev and his further use in the interests of the Soviet government. November 21, 1921 Slashchev returned to Sevastopol, from where he left for Moscow. He addressed the soldiers and officers of the White Army with an appeal to return to the USSR. In 1924 he published the book "Crimea in 1920. Fragments from Memories". From June 1922 he was a teacher of tactics at the Shot Command School, located in Lefortovo. Slashchev teaches students to fight against landings, to conduct maneuver operations. The journal "Military Affairs" regularly publishes his articles: "Actions of the avant-garde in a meeting battle", "Breakthrough and coverage of a fortified area", "The significance of fortified zones in modern warfare and their overcoming". His students were the future Marshals of the USSR Vasilevsky, Tolbukhin, Malinovsky. According to the memoirs of General Batov, "(Slashchev) taught brilliantly, there were a lot of people at the lectures, and the tension in the audience was sometimes like in battle"; "Many listener commanders themselves fought against the Wrangelites, including those on the outskirts of the Crimea, and the former White Guard general spared neither causticity nor ridicule when examining this or that operation of our troops."
On January 11, 1929, Slashchev was shot in the back of the head and in the back by unknown assailants in his school room. According to the official (extremely dubious) investigative version, Slashchev was shot dead by a certain Kolenberg (declared mentally ill after the murder) - allegedly out of revenge for his hanged brother. In time, this murder coincides with the beginning of the first wave of repressions and executions that hit the military experts of the Red Army and former White officers.
Slashchev's body was burned in the crematorium of the Donskoy Monastery. There was no official funeral, where he is buried is not exactly known. According to one version Slashchev's ashes were buried on the territory of the Fraternal Cemetery. It's indirect confirm several (miraculously preserved) extracts from funeral cards (discovered in the archives of the architect A.V. Shchusev and the Moscow City Archive), which list persons buried in the Bratskoye Cemetery. In one of these extracts, the surname, initials, years of life and the place of burial of Ya.A. Slashchev are indicated.
Archival extracts from the funeral cards of the Fraternal Cemetery, made by various researchers in the period from 1924 to 1930, one of which reads " Slashchev Ya.A. 1886-1929 Fraternal school":
OLGA RAUER- sister of mercy of the Amur Red Cross infirmary, 45 years old, Orthodox. A native of the Perm province, the wife of the senior doctor of the Amur infirmary. Killed by a bomb dropped from a German airplane near the town of Senyavka. She died on July 31, 1916. The burial place is located (on the right) 3 meters from Schlichter's grave.
PETER VERKHOVSKY- Priest of the camp church on the Khodynka field, Orthodox, 57 years old, Died on March 11, 1919. Buried at the Fraternal Cemetery.
EVGENIA NEKRASOVA- Junker of the Moscow Women's Death Battalion at the Alexander Military School. A resident of the city of Kovel, Volyn province. She died on September 6, 1917 from cardiac arrest in the Moscow Consolidated Evacuation Hospital No. 86. She was buried at the Fraternal Cemetery not far from the burial place of Schlichter.
FEDOR DMITRIEVICH PUTIN- Private of the 83rd Infantry Samur Regiment, 20 years old, Orthodox. He died of sepsis on July 12, 1916 in the Moscow Basmanny Hospital No. 1672. He was buried at the Bratsk Cemetery: plot 50, row 3, burial No. 9441.
PETER VASILIEVICH NARYSHKIN- private of the 97th infantry regiment of Livonia, 25 years old, Orthodox, psalm reader. Personal honorary citizen. He died after being wounded on June 3, 1915 in the Solyansky hospital at the Moscow Exchange and Merchant Society. Buried at Br. cell on site 2, row 204, burial No. 1197.
PETER ALEXANDROVICH NARYSHKIN- private of the 664th foot squad, 42 years old, Orthodox. Tradesman of the city of Galich, Kostroma province. He died on June 22, 1917 in Moscow Hospital No. 1153 from stomach cancer. Buried at Br. cell on site 70, row 1, burial No. 14815.
NOTE. In 2013, a two-volume book about the Fraternal Cemetery was published under the editorship of the leading specialist of the Historical Museum Maria Katagoshchina. According to the lists published in it, people were buried in this cemetery, whose surnames coincide with the names of senior leaders Russian Federation . At the request of the leadership of the "Volunteer Corps" and the Public Council to the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation and the State Duma, they were informed that "they do not provide information about the relatives of the first persons of the state," but at the same time unofficially hinted that the patriots " looking in the right direction". Be that as it may, but it is hardly a mere coincidence that after that, starting in 2013, State Duma Speaker Sergei Naryshkin, representatives of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation and the Mayor's Office of Moscow began annually on August 1 (on the day the First World War began ) to officially lay wreaths and flowers at the Fraternal Cemetery at the obelisk "To the Fallen in the World War of 1914-1918".
MARINE BERENDE- private of the Romanian army, 34 years old, Catholic. A resident of the Romanian city of Bralyshtitsa. He died on May 12, 1917 in Moscow Hospital No. 96. He was buried on Br. cemetery.
SVETOZAR MOICH- private of the 2nd Serbian regiment, 28 years old, Orthodox. Resident of the city of Nis (Serbia). He died on October 23, 1916 from pneumonia in the Moscow hospital of the Tereshchenko family. He was buried near the site of Public figures, where Schlichter was buried.
DMITRY REGEN- junior non-commissioned officer of the Czech-Slovak squad, 23 years old, Orthodox. He died on July 3, 1917 from a gunshot wound to the left shoulder and left side in the Moscow Hospital of the Kiev Regiment No. 1038. He was buried on Br. cemetery.
ILYA SHAKHOVSKOY- Prince, Ensign of the 219th Kotelnichesky Regiment, 29 years old, Orthodox. From the nobles of the Tver province. Wounded near Nadarzhin. He died on May 20, 1916 at Molodechno station from a cerebral hemorrhage. The burial is located on the Central officer's site, 100 meters from the grave of Schlichter.
VLADIMIR UITENHOVEN- Volunteer, ensign of the 210th Infantry Bronnitsky Regiment, 20 years old, Orthodox. Belgian subject. Killed on September 19, 1916 near Lutsk on the Southwestern Front. Buried on the "Aviators' Alley" under the wall of Br. cemetery 150 meters from Schlichter's grave.
SERGEY POSTNIKOV- participant of the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars, 35 years old, Orthodox, chief officer's son. He served in the Transcaucasus in the Alexander Fortress Artillery. Graduated from the Telavi ensign school. During the First World War, he fought in the Turkish theater of operations. In 1918, he participated in the activities of the Moscow monarchist group of officers of the underground organization "Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom". Under the leadership of officers Prince Mikhail Lopukhin and Vladimir Belyavsky, he participated in failed attempt to save Sovereign Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov and his family from imprisonment when they were in Tobolsk. He was arrested in Moscow by officers of the Cheka. Together with other officers of the monarchist group, he was shot in September 1918 and buried in an unmarked common grave for all the executed, located near the brick fence of Br. shcha on the "Aviators' Alley" (not far from the grave of Schlichter).
Sergei Postnikov is one of the alleged authors of the White Guard anthem "God bless Russia!":
God bless Russia
Save and save from troubles,
And the spirit of the almighty truth,
Bless for the right fight. (Chorus).
Forward in the hearts of carrying hope,
Holding bayonets at the ready.
Into the battle for Russia, for Freedom,
We are the sons of the White Guard!
The Lord is our witness under the banner,
To go to death, as to a parade,
Under the white-blue-scarlet banner,
More expensive than all earthly awards.
Let's rise with the spirit of the Russian will,
Let's raise our heads from our knees.
It's better than a bullet in an open field,
Than slave life red captivity. (Next, the chorus follows at the end of the anthem.)
ALEXANDER BOUILLON- Frenchman from Alsace, lieutenant of the 18th Vologda Infantry Regiment, 32 years old, Orthodox. Mortally wounded on July 2, 1916 at a position near the village of Dalnee Skorbovo near Baranovichi. He was buried on the Alley of Pilots under the brick wall of Br. church 80 meters from Schlichter's grave.
SERGEY MAMONTOV- military journalist, staff captain of the 18th army corps, 48 years old, Orthodox. A nobleman of the city of Moscow, the eldest son of Savva Ivanovich Mamontov, a famous Russian businessman and philanthropist. Before the First World War, he was a well-known fiction writer, poet, playwright and theater critic. Published in magazines Russian word"and" Russkiye Vedomosti ". The author of a talented book:" There were dreams. Stories and poems", published in 1902. Being at the front of the First World War, as a military journalist, he published under the pseudonym S. Matov in the "Russian Word". He died on August 3, 1915 from pulmonary edema in the Mountain-Ural Red Cross infirmary. Buried at the Central Officers' Station, 30 meters from Schlichter's grave.
NIKOLAI KAVELIN- Captain of the 14th Georgian Grenadier Regiment, 31 years old, Orthodox. Nobleman of the Kaluga province. Killed March 4, 1915 in the battle near Prasnysh. Buried at the Central Officers' Plot Br. cemetery 25 meters from Schlichter's grave.
FRIEDRICH BREDIS- Colonel, 30 years old, Orthodox, comes from a peasant family. Georgievsky Cavalier. Front line scout. One of the most valiant officers and organizer of the first Latvian rifle battalions during World War I. Commander of the 1st Ust-Dvinsky Latvian rifle regiment. In 1918, he was the head of the anti-Bolshevik Latvian national underground group and the Moscow officer group of the Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom. On July 23, 1918, the Cheka was arrested and imprisoned in the Lubyanka. He was shot on the personal orders of the deputy. Chairman of the Cheka Peters on the night of August 27-28, 1918. Buried in the unmarked mass grave of those executed near the brick fence on the Alley of Pilots near the burial place of Schlichter.
VLADIMIR FOLIMONOV- Major General, 59 years old, Orthodox, from the Don Cossacks of the village of Zolotovskaya. Former commander of the 27th Artillery Brigade. He died of heart failure on December 6, 1919 in Moscow (Povarskaya st.). Buried at the Central Officers' Plot Br. a church near Schliter's grave.
IVAN GOGOBERIDZE- Major General, 57 years old, Orthodox. Commander of the 3rd Siberian Brigade. He died on August 2, 1916 near Riga (Skuinek Yard) from angina pectoris. He was buried in the Central Officers' Plot, 130 meters from Schlichter's grave.
IGNAT BASAKIN- a White Guard prisoner of war. Cossack of the Donskaya village of Esaulovskaya. He died in the Moscow Patronage No. 3 of the Collegium of Prisoners and Refugees. Buried May 12, 1919 at the Fraternal Cemetery.
ABDUL KHATAPOV- POW White Guard, Muslim. Presumably a member of the Wild Division. He died in 1919 (the exact date of death is unknown) in the Moscow Patronage No. 3. He was buried in Br. cemetery.
GUSTAV MART- a White Guard prisoner of war, a Catholic. Hungarian from the city of Budapest. He died on September 13, 1919 in Moscow, in patronage No. 3. He was buried in Br. church near Schlichter's grave.
NIKOLAY IVANOV - red army soldier Red Army ( 6th guard battalion). He was buried on April 14, 1919 at the site of Public figures, a few meters from the grave of Schlichter.
FRITZ MATUS – Red Army soldier of the Latvian Rifle Soviet Division, 25 years old, Lutheran. A resident of the Courland province of the Tukums district. He died on August 8, 1918 in the Khodynka hospital. Buried at Br. cl.
BERTA MAUCHE - fighter of the red army, Latvian, 15 years old. She died on July 23, 1920 from typhus at the Podmoskovnaya station (Nechaev's house). Buried in the Krasnoarmeisky section of Br. cl-shcha.
ALEXEY KHVOSTOV- Minister of Internal Affairs Russian Empire in 1915-1916, aged 46, Orthodox. During February Revolution was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress. After the Bolsheviks came to power, he was left in custody and in August 1918 was transferred to Moscow. Shot as a hostage on September 5, 1918 on the first day of the Red Terror. He was buried on the Alley of Pilots in an unmarked common grave of the executed near the brick fence of Br. cemeteries.
NIKOLAY MAKLAKOV- Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire in 1912-1915, 47 years old, Orthodox. In February 1917 he was planted in the Peter and Paul Fortress. In the summer of 1918 he was transported by the Bolsheviks to Moscow. Shot on September 5, 1918, along with other hostages. He was buried at the Fraternal Cemetery in an unmarked common grave near a brick fence.
IVAN WEIS - caretaker of the Fraternal Cemetery, 57 years old, Catholic. He died on September 5, 1923. He was buried at the site of Public figures, 3 meters (to the right) from the grave of Schlichter.
HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF A SYMBOLIC TOMBSTONE OF RECONCILIATION AND MEMORY AT THE BROTHER CEMETERY.
In the vicinity of the Church of All Saints on the Falcon and on the territory of the Memorial Park, where the Fraternal Cemetery of the heroes of the First World War was, until now ancient marble slabs are found in the ground, with chipped or broken corners at the edges. Apparently, these slabs are fragments of those monuments that were liquidated in the early 1930s. One of these marble slabs (white-pinkish) was found in the ground by the parishioners of the Church of All Saints (from among local residents) in the area of Peschanaya Street, when the builders were digging trenches for laying underground utilities (pipes and cables). It is noteworthy that the foundations of the temporary wooden chapel, the burial places of the sisters of mercy, officers and generals in the central part of the Fraternal Cemetery, where the burial place of Sergei Shlikhter is located, were lined with exactly the same marble boards.
Old photos of the wooden chapel, the graves of the sisters of mercy, officers' and generals' graves in the center of the Fraternal Cemetery.
The believers handed over the slab they found to the volunteers of the "Volunteer Corps" and the Public Council "Assistance in the restoration of the Moscow military fraternal cemetery of the heroes of the First World War." The discovered marble plaque was restored by the activists of the Public Council. Then a text was carved on it with the names of the heroes of the First World War (sisters of mercy, soldiers, officers and generals), officials of the White Army, soldiers of the Red Army, executed Tsarist ministers buried in the Fraternal Cemetery.
Placement of the text on the found ancient marble slab:
Transportation of the symbolic tombstone "Reconciliation and Memory" from the Church of All Saints on Sokol, on Leningradsky Prospekt, to the Memorial Park on the territory of the Fraternal Cemetery:
The erection of a memorial plate at the Bratskoye Cemetery at the surviving tomb monument to Sergei Schlichter:
In the photo, participants in the installation of the slab: (from left to right) Chairman of the Public Council and invalid of the 2nd group of the Great Patriotic War Lev Gitsevich, a parishioner of the Church of All Saints on Sokol and a relative of one of the buried soldiers Irina M., the oldest resident of the Sokol district, chairman of the Commission to perpetuate the memory of heroes , Honored Film Director of Russia Boris Natarov, Executive Secretary of the Public Council Janis Bremzis, Chairman of the organization "Volunteer Corps" Leonid Lamm.
Immediately after the erection of the plate, an amazing phenomenon occurred. The edge of the sun peeked out from behind the clouds, and the "Slab of Reconciliation and Memory" became transparent around the edges and shone with a honey-yellow color.
Glowing at the edges (especially on the right) plate:
Other tombstones at the monument to Schlichter, restored earlier at the request of relatives, at the burial site of the centurion Viktor Pryanishnikov and the sisters of mercy:
Text on plate: " Cossacks and all Russian people who died during the years of wars and repressions of the XX-XXI centuries. The plate was created by the Cossacks. Dedicated centurion Pryanishnikov V.I., buried on February 15, 1915 at the Fraternal Cemetery".
Plate "To the daughters of Russia who fell in the wars of the twentieth century. Konstantinova Lyubov Petrovna 1895 - 03/15/1917. Sister of mercy of an ambulance train. She died of typhus in Mogilev-Podolsky. Buried at the grave of Schlichter in the Bratsk necropolis. world war".
Inscription: "Sisters of Mercy. 19 years old. Olga Shishmareva 1896 - 03/28/1915. Vera Semenova 1897 - 08/23/1916. Buried at the grave of Schlichter in the area of Public figures."
HISTORY REFERENCE. The fraternal cemetery was opened on February 15, 1915 at the initiative of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, with the assistance of the Sovereign-Emperor Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov. More than 17.5 thousand participants of the First World War were buried on its territory. These are subjects of the Russian Empire of all faiths: Orthodox, Catholics, Lutherans, Buddhists, Muslims and Jews who died at the fronts and died of wounds in hospitals. More than 70% of the buried are Orthodox people - mostly Slavs: Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians. The Cossacks are also buried here. On the opening day of the Fraternal Cemetery the centurion of the Kuban Cossack army Viktor Pryanishnikov was buried first who died in the battle of Sarykamysh. Among the buried Catholics and Lutherans, a significant percentage are Poles, Latvians, Estonians, Lithuanians. Serbs, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Romanians, Belgians, French and British who fought in the Russian Imperial Army on the German front were buried at the Fraternal Cemetery. In 1916-1918, several dozen prisoners of war from Germany and Austria-Hungary, who died in a camp on the Khodynka field, were buried at the Fraternal Cemetery.
On November 13, 1917, cadets, cadets, students and high school students who died in battles with the Bolsheviks in Moscow were buried at the Fraternal Cemetery. The Civil War turned the Fraternal Cemetery into a bloody chopping block. Since 1918, at the Fraternal Cemetery and its environs, thousands of victims were buried (after execution) in unmarked graves " red terror". Among them are hostages from among the so-called "alien reactionary classes", military specialists ("military experts") from former tsarist officers and generals who served in the Red Army and Soviet institutions, police officers, highly skilled workers and production masters ("labor aristocracy") , wealthy peasants, intelligentsia, teachers of gymnasiums and universities, young students, members of opposition parties, clergymen, well-known statesmen of the Russian Empire, leaders and activists of underground counter-revolutionary groups and organizations.
During the Civil War, prisoners of war of the White Guards who died from wounds of diseases in prisons, hospitals and patronages were buried at the Fraternal Military Cemetery. Together with them in the same areas of the Bratsk necropolis were dozens of Red Army soldiers and commanders of the Red Army were buried who died from wounds and diseases in Moscow hospitals. Among them " Latvian Riflemen". Buried here Moscow policemen who died in the line of duty. Until 1929, " red aviators who died in air crashes at the Khodynka airfield.
In the early 1930s, the crosses and tombstones at the Fraternal Cemetery were destroyed. This was done under the pretext of a class struggle against the hostile Orthodox symbolism of the "overthrown exploiting classes." Were even tombstones over the graves of soldiers of the Red Army, policemen and Soviet aviators were ruthlessly destroyed. Revolutionary nihilists did not spare the memory and their heroes. However, the burials in the ground were not affected and mostly survived. In the 1960s, a park was laid out on the site of the Fraternal Cemetery for citizens to relax and walk dogs.
To this day, on the territory of the Fraternal Cemetery since those times only one memorial remains. It's big red granite tombstone over the grave of a student of Moscow University Sergei Alexandrovich Schlichter, mortally wounded in the battle near Baranovichi in June 1916.
But the memory of the dead was not forgotten. Since 1988, several symbolic tombstones with the names of the heroes of the First World War, victims of the "Red Terror", officials of the White Army and soldiers of the Red Army buried in this place were erected at the Fraternal Cemetery (near the surviving monument to Schlichter).
A surviving monument over the grave of Schlichter, next to which are four marble tombstones, restored at the present time at the request of relatives at the burial place of their heroic ancestors.
These commemorative plates were made and installed by volunteers of the "Volunteer Corps" and the Public Council, at the request of relatives and descendants of the heroes of the First World War, buried in the Fraternal Cemetery. The Moscow Patriarchate and the administration of the Church of All Saints of the Patriarchal Metochion in Vsekhsvyatsky, near the Sokol metro station, actively assisted the patriots in this holy cause.
Thanks to numerous letters and appeals from the "Volunteer Corps", the Public Council and a group of descendants of the participants in the First World War, the Moscow Government allocated funds for the construction of the Temple-chapel and memorial complex, which were built on the territory of the Fraternal Cemetery in 1998. And the territory of the Memorial Park (at the address: Novopeschanaya St., vl. 12) near the cinema "Leningrad" was given the status of a protected zone of a cultural heritage object (historical monument) of regional urban significance - "The Fraternal Cemetery for the Soldiers Who Died in the War of 1914, and for the sisters of mercy of the Moscow communities.
Memorial objects built at the Bratskoye Cemetery by the Government of Moscow since 1998:
In the period from 1996 to 2014, unscrupulous businessmen and officials (with the support of the Moscow Government) made repeated attempts to push through the decision about construction on the site of the cinema "Leningrad" and in the Memorial Park where was the Fraternal Cemetery, shopping and entertainment business center, underground parking, commercial indoor sports pavilions (like "mini-Luzhniki"), park attractions, restaurants and barbecue. Activists of the "Volunteer Corps" and the Public Council sent letters of protest against the blasphemous construction to the leadership of all parliamentary factions of the State Duma. Many deputies supported the patriots and sent requests to the prosecutor's office and the Government of Moscow, with a request "to prevent the construction of a shopping and entertainment business center" on the bones of 17.5 thousand heroes of the First World War. This story hit the media of the countries participating in the First World War. Under the threat of an international scandal, the Moscow oligarchs were forced to abandon the implementation of the development plan for the territory of the Fraternal Cemetery.
On April 30, 2015, a solemn ceremony of the reburial of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Romanov took place in the Church-chapel of the Transfiguration of the Lord on the territory of the Fraternal Cemetery - Supreme Commander all land and sea forces of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the First World War. The ceremony was attended by State Duma Speaker Sergei Naryshkin, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, Prince Dmitry Romanovich with his wife, and Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich. Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk celebrated the funeral litia. Soldiers of the guard of honor fired three volleys in memory of the Grand Duke, after which his ashes were interred in the chapel building.
And in these photos (taken in different times of the year) Orthodox memorial "Reconciliation of peoples who fought in the World and Civil Wars", located on the territory (destroyed by the Soviet authorities) of the All Saints parish cemetery near the walls of the Church of All Saints on the Falcon:
The symbolic tombstone "To the Generals of the Russian Imperial Army" and the White Movement, erected at the Church of All Saints on Sokol in 1994, as an element of the "Reconciliation of Peoples" Memorial:
On the same symbolic tombstone are the names of the leaders of the White movement and Cossack atamans, most of whom were generals during the First World War, while others became generals during the Civil War. This Alekseev, Denikin, Wrangel, Drozdovsky, Yudenich, Kornilov, Markov, Dutov, Kappel, Kaledin And Admiral Kolchak. Many members of the White movement at that time did not have graves at all, even symbolic ones. These are, for example, Kornilov, Markov, Kaledin, Kolchak, Drozdovsky, Dutov. Crosses and tombstones over their graves have not been preserved or have been destroyed. Therefore, data on their exact location was lost. The ashes of some of them were destroyed by the Bolsheviks after the opening and destruction of their graves, as, for example, happened with the burial and remains of General Kornilov.
Symbolic tombstone "To the Cossacks who fell for the Faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland in the First World War, conflicts and wars of the twentieth century."
The main element of the Orthodox memorial "Reconciliation of Peoples" is two symbolic tombstones "To soldiers and civilians who fell in the battles of peoples in the 1st and 2nd World Wars":
Transferred from the Fraternal Cemetery to the Church of All Saints on Sokol in 1998, "The foundation stone of the Church-chapel of the Transfiguration of the Lord in memory of the defenders of Russia who fell in all wars for the Fatherland":
Cross to Archpriest John Vostorgov and Bishop Ephraim, who were shot on August 23 (September 5, according to a new style), 1918 at the Fraternal Cemetery:
Plate "Georgievsky Cavaliers" at the base of the Cross:
The main part of this memorial is also symbolic tombstones (erected in 1990-1998) in memory of the soldiers of Russia and other countries participating in the First World War and the Civil War, buried at the Fraternal Cemetery:
Commemorative plate "To soldiers, officers, generals of Russia, Serbia, Belgium, France, England, USA, who fell in the war of 1914-1919.
Plate with the text: "The best monument to a commander is the memory of his soldiers. A.A. Brusilov. Russian soldiers who fell on the fronts great war who died in captivity and rear Eternal Memory".
Plate "Russian aviators" and "Sisters of mercy - the heroic daughters of Russia", who died in 1914-1918.
The text on the plate: "Second Lieutenant Teremetsky V.A. 1886-1916. He died in Galicia, was buried in the Bratsk necropolis. Dedicated to the soldiers who fell in 1914-18, 1939-45. The plate was created by a participant in the Second World War, Lieutenant Colonel Teremetsky E.V. , the Church of All Saints, the council of the Sokol district and the sculptor N. Pavlov.
Text: "Sotnik Pryanishnikov V.I., senior non-commissioned officer Pankov F.I., corporal Anokhin A.I., private Gutenko E.I., private Salov Ya.D., sister of mercy Shishmareva O.I. Generals , officers, cadets, soldiers".
A touching inscription is carved on this plate: "Citizens! Do not forget that the ashes of our Brothers who gave their lives to defend the Motherland are buried here. THE MOSCOW BROTHER CEMETERY IS THE ALL-RUSSIAN MONUMENT of the war of 1914. It was opened on February 15, 1915. With the blessing of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II, this place was re-consecrated on the Day of the Exaltation of the Cross of the Lord on 27.IX.1990. "
Text: "M. Lopukhin, V. Belyavsky and all the officers of the Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom, who were executed in 1918 at the Fraternal Cemetery."
Cross with the text: "Junkers. We died for our and your freedom. Moscow, October 1917."
At the base of the cross is a plate with the text: "Students of military, cadet and cadet schools, students and high school students who died in Moscow on 26.X-3.XI 1917. They were buried on 13.XI (old style) at the Fraternal Cemetery."
300 meters from Church of All Saints in the park on Halabyan street, broken in Soviet times on the site of the old military cemetery for invalids "Arbatets", eat one more modest Orthodox memorial "Reconciliation and memory of Russian heroes". Historical data on the Arbatets cemetery are published in the following materials: "The memorial "Reconciliation and memory of Russian heroes" was opened in Moscow, "A memorial sign was opened in the Arbatets square to the forgotten generals of the Brusilov breakthrough."
In the center of this memorial there is a small preserved ancient monument, to the left and to the right of which there are two symbolic tombstones erected by the "Volunteer Corps" and the Public Council:
Memorial in the park on the street. Alabyan, where there was an old military necropolis "Arbatets" of the 19-20th centuries, attributed after 1915 to the Fraternal cemetery.
The text on the plate, located to the left of the ancient monument: " Plate of reconciliation and memory of the Russian heroes of the battle for Sevastopol, Plevna, Shipka, Port Arthur, Osovets fortress and "Attacks of the Dead". There was a necropolis "Arbatets" at the Alekseevsky, Alexander and Elizabethan shelters, where participants of the Crimean, Russian-Turkish for the freedom of Bulgaria, Russian-Japanese, World War I, the White movement, junkers, police officers, soldiers of the Red Army and police were buried, Soviet pilots, anti-aircraft gunners and defenders of Moscow".
On the plate on the right, the text is carved: " To the heroes of the Bruslov breakthrough and disabled soldiers buried in the Sokol area. To the 100th anniversary of the offensive of the troops of the Southwestern Front in 1916, commanded by Generals Alexei Brusilov, Vladislav Klembovsky, Alexei Kaledin, Mikhail Khanzhin, Vladimir Sakharov, Dmitry Shcherbachev, Platon Lechitsky".
Developments
18 January 1915 child birth: Vera Yakovlevna Slashcheva [Slashchevy] b. 18 January 1915
Notes
Yakov Aleksandrovich Slashchev-Krymsky (Russian doref. Slashchov, December 29, 1885 - January 11, 1929, Moscow) - Russian military leader, lieutenant general, an active participant in the White movement in southern Russia.
"Slashchev (Slashchov) is the same white guard hangman general, which became for Mikhail Bulgakov the prototype of Khludov. When Denikin, after the defeat of the Red Army, retreated to the Caucasus, Slashchev occupied the Crimea and organized an effective defense of the isthmuses. He was the undivided ruler of the Crimea until the Military Council elected Wrangel as the new commander (Slashchev pointedly ignored this meeting). He had his own view on the conduct of further military operations against the Reds, wrote reports to Wrangel, which the latter perceived as nothing more than the delirium of a madman (/ see below a fragment from Wrangel's memoirs /). The main peculiarity of Slashchev's biography was the return to Soviet Russia a year after the evacuation from the Crimea. He was given to write and publish a book of memoirs "Crimea", an appeal to the White Guards who remained in exile, but they did not take leadership positions in the Red Army. They gave him a teaching position at the Vystrel command staff tactics school.
They say that during the analysis in the classroom of the Soviet-Polish war, in the presence of Soviet military leaders, he spoke about the stupidity of our command during the military conflict with Poland. Budyonny, who was present in the audience, jumped up, pulled out a pistol and fired several times in the direction of the teacher, but missed.
Slashchev approached the red commander and said instructively: "The way you shoot is the way you fought." Or maybe this episode is hyperbole.
Slashchev died at the hands of Kolenberg, whose brother was executed on his orders in civil war. Liberal historiography has no doubts that these were the intrigues of Stalin's agents. However, there is every reason to believe that there was no politics in this murder, only personal revenge."
He was not afraid of his revenge former enemies and their relatives. Slashchev had long been ready for death. He saw her too often. On January 11, 1928, Yakov Alexandrovich Slashchev was killed by a pistol shot by a certain Kolenberg, whose brother was hanged by order of the general. Three days later, the general's body was burned in the Donskoy Monastery. For a whole generation, Slashchev forever remained the last symbol Great Russia. A symbol of cruel, mistaken, but not broken.
In his play "Running", he painted the hangman-general Khludov, whose prototype was none other than the White Guard officer Yakov Aleksandrovich Slashchev (Krymsky).
Origin. Education
Yakov Alexandrovich was born either on December 12 or December 29, 1885 in the capital - St. Petersburg. His father was a hereditary military man - Colonel Slashchev Alexander Yakovlevich. In 1903, Yakov successfully graduated from a real school and, when the time came to choose a life path, without hesitation, he decided to follow in the footsteps of his father, enrolling in Pavlovsk military school, which subsequently finished brilliantly. From 1905 to 1917 in the Finnish regiment, he went from the usual officer position of company commander to assistant regiment commander. At the same time, during this time, Yakov Alexandrovich managed to graduate from the Imperial Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff.
World War I
During the period, Slashchev was wounded five times and shell-shocked twice, but this did not affect the fact that he always with his regiment in all hot spots found himself in the thick of things. In 1915, Slashchev married the daughter of General Kozlov, the regiment commander. It cannot be said that this marriage was carried out not without the mercantile considerations of Slashchev. It was just that at some point he realized that only with the help of the Academy of the General Staff, brilliant military career he can’t do it, and therefore he became related to the higher authorities.
But already in 1918, Yakov Aleksandrovich met a very nice cadet named Nechvolodov, who served as his orderly. Nechvolodov's orderly turned out to be eighteen-year-old Nina Nechvolodova, for whom Slashchev fell in love. During, Nina was always there, despite several injuries, she never left her general. They formalized their relationship in 1920. In the same year, the pregnant Nina was captured by the Bolsheviks, which gave Slashchev the opportunity to appreciate his ideological enemies. When the Chekists recognized in Nina the wife of one of the most ardent opponents of Soviet power, they decided to shoot the woman, but Dzerzhinsky intervened, who, after interrogation, acted nobly: he sent her over the front line to her husband.
Slashchev was nicknamed "Crimean", for a reason. When Denikin, pressed by the "Reds", retreated to the Caucasus, General Slashchev occupied the Crimea, where he organized a very effective defense of the isthmuses. He reigned supreme on the Crimean peninsula. In general, Slashchev, also during his reign in the Crimea, earned himself the fame of a cruel executioner, due to mass executions. However, he appreciated the general, and it was he who gave Slashchev the name "Crimean". In 1920, like many other officers, he was evacuated to Constantinople, ousted from the Crimea by the Red Army.
In Constantinople, General Slashchev, along with his wife Nina, was engaged in growing vegetables for sale in one of the markets. They lived in a hut on the outskirts of the city. Yakov Alexandrovich tried not to get involved in politics. The White Guards did not like him, mindful of his obstinacy and autocratic rule, and the Red Army men frankly hated him because of the mass executions that he committed in the Crimea. And who knows how Slashchev's fate would have developed further if thunder had not struck in the clear sky of Constantinople: Wrangel called for an agreement with the Entente.
Slashchev could not stand this and declared publicly that he would support the Bolsheviks, and demanded a fair trial of Wrangel for treason. Wrangel's reaction was instantaneous: he demoted General Slashchev to the rank and file. Dzerzhinsky's reaction was also not long in coming: he invited Slashchev to return to his homeland from Turkish exile. Slashchev's wife, remembering how Felix had once nobly released her from captivity, persuaded her husband to return, join the Red Army, assuring her husband of the nobility of the "Reds".
Upon his return, Slashchev began teaching at the Military Academy, where he mercilessly ridiculed the military campaigns of the Red Army when they tried to take the Crimea, which Slashchev also held. Soon he was transferred to teach at the Shot school, because not all students and teachers of the Academy could withstand General Slashchev. Once Budyonny almost shot Slashchev right during a lecture, when he, in his usual ironic and mocking manner, painted all the tactical disadvantages of one of the offensives undertaken by Budyonny. He, unable to withstand the ridicule, jumped up and fired at Slashchev five times, never hitting the target. To which Slashchev, calmly approaching Budyonny, remarked, they say, that's how you shoot, that's how you fought. At the same time, Slashchev collaborated with a military magazine, in which he published brilliant articles on military strategy.
Death
In January 1926, Yakov Aleksandrovich was shot dead by a certain Kolenberg, 24 years old. When Kolenberg was captured, he said that the murder of the former White Guard general was a personal revenge. Among the many Red Army soldiers shot by Slashchev in the Crimea was the brother of the killer. This served as an excuse for Kolenberg, and soon the killer was released.
Slashov Yakov Alexandrovich
- Life dates: 29.12.1885 - 11.01.1929
- Biography:
Born in St. Petersburg in the family of an officer. Orthodox. From the hereditary nobles of the St. Petersburg province.
He graduated from the St. Petersburg Gurevich Real School (1903; with an additional class). He entered the service on August 31, 1903 as a cadet of ordinary rank at the Pavlovsk Military School. He graduated from the 1st category, released as a second lieutenant (pr. 04/22/1905) in the Finnish Life Guards Regiment.
Member of the World War in the ranks of his regiment. Company commander, battalion commander, assistant regiment commander (in 1917). Participated in almost all the battles of the regiment on the front of World War II. He was wounded five times and shell-shocked twice: 1st shell shock in the battles near Lomza (02/19/1915), wound and 2nd shell shock near Kholm (07/22/1915), wound (08/06/1916), wound in the head (in the left parietal region, 09/20/1916), wounded (05/13/1917). From 07.1917 - Commander of the Life Guards of the Moscow Regiment.
IN Volunteer army from 12.1917. At the beginning of 01.1918, Gen. M.V. Alekseev to the North Caucasus as an emissary of the Volunteer Army to create officer organizations in the region of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. In 05.1918 - chief of staff of the partisan detachment, Colonel A.G. Shkuro, and then chief of staff of the 2nd Kuban Cossack division. From 09/06/1918 - commander of the Kuban Plastun brigade as part of the 2nd division of the Volunteer Army. 11/15/1918 - head of the 1st separate Kuban plastun brigade. 02/18/1919 was appointed brigade commander in the 5th division, and 06/08/1919 of the same year - brigade commander of the 4th division. 05/14/1919 promoted to major general - for military distinctions and 08/02/1919 was appointed head of the 4th division, 12/06/1919 was appointed commander of the 3rd army corps and in the winter of 1919-1920 successfully led the defense of the Crimea. After General Wrangel took over the High Command of the VSYUR, S. was promoted to lieutenant general on March 25, 1920 - for military distinctions and was appointed commander of the 2nd Army Corps. After unsuccessful corps battles at 07.1920 near Kakhovka, S. submitted a resignation letter, which was accepted by Gen. Wrangel. From 08.1920 - at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief. As a hero of the defense of the Crimea, on August 18, 1920, by order of General. Wrangel received the right to be called "Slashchev-Krymsky". In 11.1920, as part of the Russian army, he was evacuated from the Crimea to Constantinople.
In Constantinople, in a number of letters and speeches, both oral and in print, he sharply condemned the Commander-in-Chief and his staff. By the verdict of the court of honor, S. was dismissed from service without the right to wear a uniform. In response to the court decision, S. published in 01.1921 the book "I demand the court of society and publicity. Defense and surrender of the Crimea. (Memoirs and documents)" (Constantinople, 1921). At the same time, he entered into secret negotiations with the Soviet authorities and returned to Sevastopol on November 21, 1921, together with General. Milkovsky, Col. Gilbikh and others. Here F.E. Dzerzhinsky and went to Moscow in his carriage.
He was recruited by the OGPU and until his death was a secret employee of this institution. He addressed the soldiers and officers of the Russian army with an appeal to return. From 06/01/1922 he was listed as a teacher of tactics at the Shot command staff school. In 1924 he published the book Crimea in 1920. Fragments from Memoirs (Moscow; Lg., 1924).
On January 11, 1929, he was killed in the school premises, allegedly out of personal revenge, although in time this murder coincides with the wave of repressions that hit former officers of the White Army in 1929-1930.
- Ranks:
- Awards:
"for the fact that on 07/22/1915 in the battle near the village of Vereshchin, commanding a battalion and personally being in position under the strongest enemy fire, seeing the retreat of the neighboring unit, on his own initiative rushed at the head of his battalion to attack and put the enemy to flight, which restored position and prevented the possibility of losing position.
St. Vladimir 4th Art. with swords and a bow (01/15/1916 pr. according to the South-Western Front No. 71 approved by the VP on 11/27/1916) St. Anna 2nd Art. with swords (01/10/1916 project for the 1st Army No. 1534 approved by the VP on 12/04/1916) St. George 4th Art. (03/04/1916 pr. according to Guards Detachment No. 67 VP 07/18/1916)
"for the fact that on 07/20/1915, commanding a company in the battle near the village of Kulik, assessing the situation quickly and correctly, on his own initiative rushed forward at the head of the company, despite the murderous fire of the enemy, put parts of the German guard to flight and captured the height, which had so important that without mastering it, it would be impossible to hold the whole position.
St. Stanislaus 2nd class with swords (1915 Ave. of the Commander-in-Chief of the NWF No. 39 approved by the VP on 05/11/1916) St. Vladimir 3rd Art. with swords (PAF 10/03/1917).
- Additional Information:
- Sources:
- Rutych N.N. Biographical reference book of the highest ranks of the Volunteer Army and the Armed Forces of the South of Russia: Materials for the history of the White movement. M., 2002.
- Second Kuban campaign and liberation of the North Caucasus. M., 2002
- Volkov S.V. Officers of the Russian Guard. M. 2002
- List of persons with higher general military education serving in the Red Army as of 03/01/1923. M., 1923.
- "Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. Bio-Bibliographic Reference" RGVIA, M., 2004.
- Kapchinsky O. Our secretary Slashchev reported / / Independent Military Review, 12/15/2000
- Slashchev-Krymsky A.Ya. White Crimea. Memoirs and documents. M. 1990
- Russian Disabled. No. 288, 1916/
- VP 1914 and 1916, PAF 1917. Information provided by Vokhmyanin Valery Konstantinovich (Kharkov)
- Russian Disabled. No. 173, 1915
- Ganin A.V. "Smolensk will dictate its role to Moscow." The military elite and the preparation of the Bonapartist coup in the USSR // Motherland. 2013. No. 4. S. 88-90.
His life not only interested me, as usual, we are incredibly interested amazing stories. She seemed to me extraordinarily bright, unspeakably honest, brave, courageous and instructively tragic. It is not easy to find a second one among the biographies of the White Army commanders. Yakov Alexandrovich Slashchev-Krymsky was among them the real "black sheep". As a hereditary Russian nobleman, he loved military affairs more than anything else. For him, the profession of defending his Fatherland has always been in the very first place. In such exceptional minds and characters, there is no choice. And he devoted himself to this cause to the end, as they say in such cases, without a trace. Moreover, in his manners and behavior, Yakov Alexandrovich was in some ways very much like famous Russian generals such as Denis Davydov and Mikhail Skobelev. There really is a lot in common, but, unfortunately, Slashchev's military talent did not open up, in the full sense of the word. Alas, it was only circumstances that, as we know, are often above us.
During his lifetime, he was called differently: both “General Yasha”, and “Slashchev-Crimean”, and “Slashchev-Hangman”, and “Crimean Traitor General”, and “Comrade Slashchev”. Where was the truth and where was the lie, I tried to figure it out, going through a huge amount of very fascinating material. Of course, first of all documentary. Written about Slashchev turned out to be quite enough to clarify much of the short life of the white general. Talented from God, Yakov Alexandrovich himself found time to write, which, undoubtedly, he succeeded. No wonder they say that a talented person is talented in everything! This also applies to my hero. He was indeed gifted with many talents. But in national history remained primarily for one of his main military merits - the defense of the white Crimea.
The correct spelling of the name of Yakov Aleksandrovich - "Slashchev" or "Slashchov", as it is found in a variety of authors of articles, publications and books, made me take an interest in this issue as well. By the way, the surname "Slashchev" is formed from the nickname "Sweet", which goes back to the adjective "sweet", which in the old days meant "sensual, voluptuous". According to experts, the nickname "Sweetie" indicated the characteristics of a person's character. From another point of view, a soft-spoken person, a flatterer, could get it. In Pskov dialects, such a nickname was usually given to a gingerbread man, a peddler of sweets. In 40%, the surname Slashchev has a purely Russian pronunciation. The exact spelling of the name of our hero is still through "yo", that is, "Slashchev". This is correct, first of all, both according to the rules of the Russian language, and according to the rules that have come down to us. historical documents. Yakov Alexandrovich Slashchev himself wrote his own surname through the “ё”. And he wrote legibly and quite accurately. The general's personal autograph confirms this. On Slashchev's first book "Night Actions", published in 1913, you can also see the letter "ё", as well as on the brochure "I demand the court of society and publicity" published in 1921 in Constantinople. That is, Yakov Aleksandrovich himself wrote his last name correctly, through "e".
On November 10, 1921, General Slashchev was brought to the building of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission on Lubyanka, which was popularly nicknamed "Gosuzhas". On this day, as an eyewitness notes, the weather was good, dry, even, with frosts down to 6 degrees. I must say that they brought him not as an arrested person, but rather as a guest who voluntarily returned from abroad.
Yakov Alexandrovich was escorted along a long corridor to one of the spacious offices, where people were waiting for him, affectionately called by the great proletarian writer Maxim Gorky "drape devils." (The walls of the house where the Cheka was located were lined with a black labrador). Conveniently positioned opposite the unusually polite Chekists, the White Guard general lit a cigarette and agreed to tea. The conversation was calm and unhurried. It was easy to see even with the most naked eye that no one here is in a hurry. The conversation, somewhat reminiscent of an interrogation, in fact, was not.
What is your attitude towards Soviet power? - a question is asked from a series of those that are usually prepared in advance.
Not being myself not only a communist, but even a socialist, I treat the Soviet government as persons representing my homeland, as persons representing the interests of the people, because all movements that arise against them win and, consequently, satisfy the ideas of the majority. As a military man, I am not a member of any party, but I serve my people and with a pure heart I submit to the government put forward by them.
What prompted you to come?
The above desire to work for your people, the offer Soviet government through Jan Petrovich Yelsky and unwillingness to work for the benefit of England and France.
Having finished his tea, Yakov Aleksandrovich told the Chekists about the general situation of the Volunteer Army and briefly touched on its numbers. Easily named the location of its parts. He gave capacious characteristics to the leaders of the army:
“Wrangel is ambitious, power-hungry, cunning and a traitor in his soul, but the smartest of the generals remaining there - I can also add: he is corrupt and loves (very cleverly) to appropriate black property for his own good.
Kutepov is an excellent combatant - a sergeant major - suitable for a position up to a battalion commander - always on occasion with his chief of staff, in a military sense it is worth nothing.
Shatilov - (Chief of Staff) - military mediocrity and a thief.
Barbovich - as far as I know, he is an honest person, he has little education.
Bogaevsky - (Don Ataman) - clever, indecisive, excellent office worker.
Tundutov (Astrakhan Ataman) - an adventurer, cunning and courageous, can go to blackmail, characteristic of Wrangel.
Vitkovsky (occupies various positions and serves as an assistant to Kutepov) - not dangerous, very stupid ... "
Quite logically, the following question of the Chekist follows:
What is the mood of the officers and soldiers of the Volunteer Army?
80 percent want to return home, but are afraid, - without hesitation, the white general answers. - 100 percent hate England and France.
Attitude towards the Volunteer Army of England and France?
The desire to use it as a mercenary force, - the firm voice of Slashchev sounds.
The livelihood of the Volunteer Army?
Do not know. General Wrangel received 50 million gold from Denikin through me. I don't know what to do next. Now they pay an officer 2 lira, and a soldier one lira per month.
Allied plans for the Volunteer Army?
As reported, use to your advantage.
What are Wrangel's plans for various white organizations?
At the expense of future good deeds in Russia, to receive money from the allies, to arrange turmoil in Russia through corrupt persons, and at the time of anarchy, come to Russia with an organized Volunteer Army.
About the proposals received from the Entente, monarchist organizations and General Shkuro, Slashchev tells in sufficient detail. Chekists are especially interested in this.
Describing Russian emigrants in Constantinople, he, as always, is alien to all sentimentality:
Many scoundrels and drunkards - you have to make a personal choice.
And finally, here comes the climax of the conversation:
What is your attitude to the possible proposals of the Entente or the white organizations?
I will report to the government about everything proposed to me. Please keep in mind that I am not a traitor, not a defector, but I am a man who has openly retired and has the right to enter the service to which his heart desires. But, having entered the service, I vouch for my loyalty with my honor.
