Introductory phonetic course of the German language. Shishkova L.V. etc. How to learn German from scratch on your own? Introductory German Course

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German is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and is spoken in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium and other countries. Germany is a country with a developed economy, interesting history and a bunch of beautiful cities. And this means that German can be useful both for business and work, as well as for exciting travels.

website collected for you the best resources for learning the language of Goethe, Nietzsche and Til Schweiger. Das ist Fantastisch, right?

Deutsch-online - here you can download several options for video, audio and online courses to choose from. In addition, the site is full additional material which will help you learn a language in a fun way: games, exercises, tests, German radio and TV online.
Deutsch.info is a multilingual site that combines lessons German language with practical advice about living and working in Germany and Austria.
Speakasap - free and paid courses with audio and video support and exercises.
Englishonlinefree - suitable for beginners: there are reading rules, grammar basics, a phrasebook, short videos, books and other materials.
Lingvister is an online school for learning German and other languages via Skype with great speech practice.
Deutsche-welt - on the site you can find online courses, as well as many collections of courses, articles and dictionaries of the German language.
Study.ru - the resource offers systematized online lessons, video lessons, audio books, tests, useful articles, interesting collections of words and phrases, and lyrics.

German on social media

Communication with native speakers

Livemocha is a popular social network for anyone who learns foreign languages. Training is built on the principle of "help you - help you." Lessons and exercises are offered, the correctness of which is checked by native speakers. And also here you can just chat with other users in German.
Busuu - a virtual community for learning German and more foreign languages. On the website or mobile application you can learn words, communicate in a video chat with other members of the social network.
MyLanguageExchange - the site allows you to find a foreign interlocutor who is interested in learning your native language. Then you can talk with him on any topic in text or voice chat.
Lang-8 - here, native speakers will help you correct mistakes in writing: you write the text, and foreign users correct mistakes and comment. Useful when preparing presentations and important letters.

Mobile applications

Hellotalk - just choose the language you want to learn (more than 100 languages are available) and immediately make friends with native speakers of that language.
Duolingo is a free app with well-organized and user-friendly content, great for beginners.
Tunein is an application for listening to the radio.

Blogs

De-speak - Russian-language blog of a German teacher with large quantity video lessons, audio lessons, articles and topics.
Claudi um di e Welt - an interesting blog of a traveler from Germany in German with stories about different countries and good photos.
Berlin Ick liebe dir - Blog about Berlin in German. As the authors of the blog write, “a blog for Berliners, for those who love Berlin and for those who want to live in it.” News about city cultural events, colorful reports about restaurants, exhibitions and nightclubs, stories about interesting people.

Dictionaries and vocabulary

Multitran is a simple and handy dictionary with lots of words. The local community of translators will suggest the translation of a complex expression or a rare word.
Languageguide - the site will allow you to master the basic vocabulary. Hover over an object and you will hear the correct German pronunciation words or phrases.
ABBYY Lingvo Live is a "live" dictionary where you can not only look up the meaning of words and expressions, but also ask for help in translating.

L .: Education, 1997. - 2 48 p.

The manual consists of three sections. The first outlines the basic information on general phonetics and phonetics of the German language and gives guidelines. The second section consists of phonetic exercises arranged according to the degree of increasing difficulty. In the third section, with the help of various exercises, the previously covered material is systematized and the transition from pronunciation individual words to the pronunciation of phrases and connected text. A significant place is occupied speech exercises emphasizing the pronunciation aspect. The manual is intended for students of the first course of pedagogical institutes.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword, ........ 3
P a rt I
Basic information on general phonetics and phonetics of the German language
Chapter I. Brief information on general phonetics, 5
§ 1#/Subject of the science of phonetics.,.,., *-
§ 2. The value of the science of phonetics ...,. , -
§ 3. Some information from acoustics. . .9 6
§ 4. The structure of the pronunciation apparatus and the work of its organs .........., .., 7
§ 5. Classification of sounds.,...,.., 10
§6. general characteristics vowels.,..,..., "*-
§ 7. General characteristics of consonants. . . . , 12
§ 8. Transcription...,.,. , fourteen
§ 9. Phoneme. , -
§ 10. Articulation base.-. . , 17
§ eleven. literary norm.",.., eighteen
§ 12. Styles of pronunciation.,..., 19
Chapter II. German vowels 20
§ 13. The composition and classification of the phonemes of the German language ... -
§ 14. The main properties of the vowels of the German language in comparison with the vowels of the Russian language *, 22
§ 15. Vowels [a], [a] 24
| 16. Vowels [and:], [and]. . . .25
§ 17. Vowels [o:], [e] ..,..,.,. 26
§ 18. Vowels, [i]. 28
§ 19. Vowels ,je] ....... 30
§ 20. Vowel [e:]..,.,.,.,.,.. 32
§ 21. Vowel ["U" .... ". . . . -
§ 22. Vowels [y:], [y] 33
§ 23. Vowels, [se] ..... 34
§ 24. Diphthongs [ae], [ao], Ы], . .35
§ 25. Non-syllabic vowels [i], [u] ..,., ", 36
§ 26. Nasal vowels [a":], [e~], o:], [ce:] ........ **
Chapter III. German consonants.,.,.,..,♦.. -
§ 27. The composition and classification of consonant phonemes of the German language ....,.., -
§ 28. The main properties of the consonants of the German language. » 39
§ 29. Consonants [p], [b], 40
§ 30. Consonants [t], [d]... # ., f ., # # . -
§ 31. Consonants [k], [g]. . . , 41
§ 32. Consonants [t], [n], [n].,., -
§ 33. Consonants, [v] 43
§ 34. Consonants [s], [z]. f ,..., f . , * -
.§ 35. Consonants [j], ........... 44
§ 36. Consonant [h] ..,...,., . . ♦ 45
§ 37. Consonant [x], # -
§ 38,-Consonants [J], .............. 46
§ 39. Consonant ........ ■ 46
§ 40. Consonant [R], [r], . » . 47
§ 41. Affricates , , , 49
Chapter IV. Sounds in the flow of speech...,.,.,..,-, -»
§ 42. Syllable, -*
§ 43. Stress in the word 52
§ 44. Assimilation 54
§ 45. Alternation of phonemes, "..,.. 57
Chapter V. Intonation,..,. 58
§ 46. General remarks. # , -
§ 47. Phrase stress 59
§ 48. Division of the proposal. 63
§ 49. Melodika ......, 65
Chapter VI. Reading rules, 75
§ 50. Graphic representation of the longitude and shortness of vowels. . . . , -
§ 5h Basic rules for consonant graphics., 77
§ 52-. Vowel table "From sound to letter" .,"., 79
§ 53. Table of consonants "From sound to letter" ...... 80
§ 54. Exceptions to the rules for reading long and short sounds ..,.....,.,.,. 82
§ 55. Table "From letter to sound". , f 83
Part II Exercises for an introductory phonetic course
Lesson I. Consonants [s], [z], [v], [f], [b], [p], [d], [t], , .
Vowels, [i] ............. G. 86
Lesson II. Vowels [e], [h] -.
Lesson III. Vowels. Sonants [t], [n]. .87
Lesson IV. Vowels [y:], [y]. Consonants [k], [g] , . -*
Lesson V. Vowels [o:], \se]. Consonant [J] 88
Lesson VI. Consonants [c], [j] 89
Lesson VII. Vowels [a], [a]. Consonant [h] ......... -
Lesson VIII. Diphthong [ae]. Sonant [r], [R] 90
Lesson IX. Vowels [and:] GM. » 91
Lesson X. Sonant [p]. , . . # , 92
Lesson XI. Sonant 93
Lesson XII. Vowels [o:], [o]. Consonant [x], . 94
Lesson XIII. Consonant [x], . -
Lesson XIV. Diphthongs [ao], [eo]. Affricate .«.,., 95
Lesson XV. Semi-long vowels ^ ....... , 96
Lesson XVI. Word stress. Unstressed article. Absence of assimilation by voicing. Solid attack of vowels. ......,. -
Lesson XVII. Graphics of consonant sounds ........... 98
Lesson XVIII. Vowel graphics. Designation of long and short vowels, 99
Lesson XIX. Designation of longitude and shortness of vowels .... 102
Lesson XX. Letters e, a, D .. Vowels [e:], [e], [e:], , [i]. Intonation of declarative sentences consisting of one syntagma.,,.,..,.,..,.,. SW
Lesson XXI. Diphthongs, their graphic representation. Letter combination for her. Intonation of declarative sentences 105
Lesson XXII. Letter combinations ck, tz, sch. Consonants [k], , [j]. Intonation of narrative sentences 107
Lesson XXIII. Letter combinations pi, tsch, ph, qu, ng. Consonants [рП, , [f], [g]. Intonation of declarative sentences consisting of two syntagmas. 108
Lesson XXIV. Alternation of voiceless and voiced consonants. Designation of deaf and voiced consonants with one letter. Intonation of declarative sentences 110
Lesson XXV. Letter c. Letter combination ch. Consonants [s], [x], [k], , .]. Intonation of interrogative sentences
without question word 111
Lesson XXVI. Letter combination ch. Consonants [d], [x]. Intonation of interrogative sentences with the interrogative word FROM
Lesson XXVII. Letter s. Letter 6. Consonants [s], [z]. Intonation of interrogative sentences (generalization). ..... 114
Lesson XXVIII. Letter g. Consonants, 117
Lesson XXX. Letter j. Letter p. Consonants fj], [n], , , [v], [f]. Vowels [y:], [U] - Intonation of various types of ^ sentences. , 119
III. Teil Obungen zur Entwicklung der Aussprachefertigkeiten
Melodierung#121
Wortakzentuierung 124
1. Betonung in deutschen Wortern -
2. Betonung in Fremdwortern 127
3. Betonung in Abkurzungen 128
4. Worter mit zwei akzentuierten Silben -
Satzakzent 129
Intonation der einzelnen Satzarten 137
1. Entscheidungsfragen -
2. Erganzungsfragen 139
3. Nachfrage (wiederholte Frage), 141
4. Gegliederter Ausspruch. , 144
Text interpretation » , 147
Texte zum Vorlesen \ . . 153
Positionsbedingte Veranderungen der Sprachlaute 155
Vokaleinsatz. . -
Unbetonte Vokale in offenen Silben 157
Konsonantenwechsel" und Assimilation der Konsonanten ... 159
Der Sprechapparat 160
Einzelne Sprachlaute"
I Vokale 161
Orthographische Bezeichnung der Vokalkurze und -lange 162
Vordere Vokale der hohen Zungenstellung 165
Hintere Vokale der hohen Zungenstellung 175
Vordere Vokale der mittleren Zungenstellung, 179
Hintere Vokale der mittleren Zungenstellung 190
Vokale der tiefen Zungenstellung. / 194
Diphtonge 196
II. Konsonanten. . . 200
Lippenlaute [p], [b] 201
Alveolare Vorderzungenlaute [t], [d], [s], [z], [j], . . . . 204
Hinterzungenlaute [k], [g], [x] 214
Mittelzungenlaute [c], [j] 219
Laryngal-pharyngaler Konsonant [h] . . 223
Labiale Dentallaute [f], [v] 226
Sonanten , , [g], [r] 230
Affrikaten , , 240

Updated: 25.03.2019 10:41:50

Judge: Lev Kaufman

*Overview of the best in the opinion of the editors of the site. About selection criteria. This material is subjective, is not an advertisement and does not serve as a guide to the purchase. Before buying, you need to consult with a specialist.

German, like English and French, is always in demand, despite the increased interest in oriental languages: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese. Everyone pursues their own interests. Some study because of work or study, someone is going on a trip. Someone has more serious intentions - moving to permanent residence in Germany or another German-speaking country. But many simply decided to learn German because Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Mann and other great writers who glorified their country all over the world thought and worked in this language.

In our rating, we have included the best German textbooks, both for beginners and for those who want to improve their level of knowledge. The selection took into account the opinion of professional linguists and the opinions of ordinary people who were able to get trained in the books below.

Rating of the best German textbooks

The best German textbooks for children

Deutsch fur Kinder / "German for children" Druchkiv N.Yu., Parshikova E.A.

The first place in the ranking is occupied by the manual of Russian linguists N.Yu. Druchkiv and E.A. Parshikova. It is intended for children of primary school age who attend all kinds of educational institutions: both general education and specialized. The authors have created a methodology that at the initial stage will help to learn foreign language communication and fall in love with the German language.

It is based on a communicative-game system that takes into account the psychophysiological characteristics of the child as much as possible, as well as his needs. Bright illustrations, which are a practical consolidation of theoretical skills, will help to interest him. After Deutsch fur Kinder, you can safely move on to more complex training. The child will be prepared for the next level.

The book will help you learn the basic colloquial words and expressions, introduce you to the phonetics of pronunciation. It is used when working with parents or teachers. Both those and others put a solid "five" for simplicity, accessibility and efficiency and recognized the technique as very effective.

Advantages

the program developed by the authors;
interesting feed for children;
quick memorization and repetition in practice;
compliance with age needs;
Lots of examples and pictures.

Flaws

not detected.

"Grammar of the German language in tables and diagrams" Aliyeva S.K.

The honorable second place in the ranking goes to the textbook of the famous Russian linguist S. K. Aliyeva. It will help schoolchildren at the initial stage to learn the basic grammatical rules of the German language and will allow them to further gain more in-depth knowledge, based on the base they have passed. Many linguist-tutors use it as a guide for beginner adults.

Easy assimilation of the material is facilitated by practical tasks, as well as diagrams and tables that will help you quickly navigate the new lessons. Delivery is very affordable and easy. Many use the textbook to learn German on their own, some use it when studying with a teacher.

According to reviews, "German Grammar in Tables and Diagrams", unlike other similar publications, makes it possible to learn and consolidate the basic rules in a short time. Clear and detailed explanations come with supported manuals, theoretical and practical exercises. Another plus: the book can be used by the whole family, from schoolchildren primary school to people of mature age.

Advantages

basic grammar rules;
tables and charts for better understanding;
for all ages;
self-education or with a tutor;
accessibility and comprehensibility of the presentation of the material.

Flaws

not detected.

"German for schoolchildren" Matveev S.A.

The bronze rating deservedly goes to a manual for just beginners to learn and learn a new foreign language. The author used his many years of experience and teaching practice. The technique exactly corresponds to the child's abilities, does not overload, the material is presented easily and interestingly. Training is recommended to be carried out independently, turning to parents or teachers only in cases of additional clarification.

For better assimilation, the program is divided into topics. Each of them comes with a dictionary with new words, as well as simple texts and dialogues. The topics are varied: my family, transport, animals, toys, dishes, food, seasons and many other subgroups that are most compatible with the age of the student. The book provides a part that tells about the basic rules of grammar. The child will be able to learn the system of reading German words and sentences.

According to the reviews, the manual really interests the child, does not let him get bored, he does not want to stop, but wants to continue learning. Many parents noted that it was with this textbook that they managed to instill love elementary school student to a foreign language.

Advantages

captivating presentation of the material;
study of phonetics and grammar;
many interesting exercises;
a wide range of vocabulary topics;
the program corresponds to the abilities of children.

Flaws

not detected.

"German. Time for grammar. For elementary school" Artemova N., Gavrilova T.

The fourth line of the rating is occupied by the manual, which is used both in general education school programs and in the individual lessons of the child, regardless of basic level knowledge. The material complies with state standards and is the best manual for primary school students. The main advantages of the book are lightness, simplicity and accessibility of perception for children.

Artemova N. and Gavrilova T. are practicing linguists, authors of books on the study of the German language, approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. A large number of visual aids allows you to consolidate the knowledge gained. The exercises vary in difficulty level, but they correspond age development and will not confuse the child in their decision.

The respondents noted that the manual is indeed very accessible for perception, children are happy to study it both at school and with tutors. It is included in the list of textbooks recommended for use in educational institutions, which is another undoubted argument when choosing it.

Advantages

corresponds to junior school age;
simple and accessible for children feed;
interesting and exciting method;
fixing tasks of varying complexity;
compatible with all basic textbooks.

Flaws

not detected.

Textbook for kids "German language" Dyadicheva A.V.

In fifth place in the ranking is a textbook for children who are just starting to get acquainted with a new, incomprehensible language. It will help you learn German culture, fall in love with speech, and will be the start for mastering it. The manual covers various school programs. A child under the guidance of parents will be able to easily learn words and expressions, pronounce them correctly, and also translate texts.

The book consists of 19 lessons, which include theoretical lessons supported by practical exercises. The presentation of the material is carried out in an easy game form, so the child will not get tired and will not get bored. For clarity, bright, colorful illustrations are presented. Conversational models will help you quickly and easily start communicating in a foreign language from the very beginning of learning.

Parents confirmed the effectiveness of the technique of Dyadicheva A.V. It helps in the shortest possible time to confidently master the basic words from the German lexicon that correspond to the age of the child. Children are happy to learn new expressions, begin to understand the most common of them.

Advantages

an interesting and understandable method for children;
many illustrations;
exciting tasks;
educational games;
fast memorization of the material.

Flaws

not detected.

The best German textbooks for adults

"Practical course of the German language" Zavyalova V. M., Ilina L. V.

On the first line of the rating is a manual that in the shortest possible time will help you master the language and communicate freely with German-speaking interlocutors on everyday and business topics. The course is very understandable even for those who have never encountered learning this foreign language. It will be the starting point before a more serious development of German. The authors are professors-linguists Zavyalova V.M. and Ilyina L.V.

There are 19 lessons in total. They include a brief overview of grammar rules, texts on more common (everyday) topics, systems of lexical exercises. Learning takes place in an easy and accessible form, mastering the lesson does not cause difficulties, after the theory it is necessary to go through practical tasks, if necessary, using the lesson dictionary located on the last pages.

The publication covers topics such as "Hotel accommodation", "Regional studies in Germany", "Sports", "Internet", "Traveling by car, train, plane" and many other dialogues that will help you get comfortable in a foreign country. The manual is often used by tutors and teachers of the German language to prepare for exams or tests for the level of knowledge.

Advantages

clear presentation;
meets state standards;
for a wide range of students;
a lot of training exercises;
for beginners and advanced language proficiency.

Flaws

not detected.

German for Dummies by Wendy Foster / Intermediate German For Dummies

In second place in the ranking is a manual for beginners, or rather for "dummies" - those who have just decided on self-education and do not have any language skills. It is worth noting that the book will not only teach the basic international words and expressions to simply express themselves in a European country. With it, you can master the basic grammar rules and phonetics, and most importantly, learn the features of the German language for further learning.

In the manual, after the theory, practical exercises are provided for better memorization of words. Lots of examples to make learning more understandable. Exercises will help improve pronunciation and bring it as close as possible to the level of native speakers.

Many respondents who chose this textbook for self-study noted the ease and accessibility of submission, there were no difficulties with either theory or practice. After studying, they could speak in German-speaking countries on everyday and even business topics. According to reviews, this is one of best books for beginners, and it is from her that they advise to start acquaintance with a foreign language.

Advantages

for zero level;
grammar rules and pronunciation;
clear and accessible presentation;
good reinforcing exercises;
fast learning of the program.

Flaws

not detected.

Quick Tutorial "German in 10 Minutes a Day" by Kristin Kershul

The third place in the ranking is taken by the allowance, which is recommended to those who are unable to attend language classes but doesn't know where to start homeschooling. Its author is the famous American writer and linguist Christine Kershul. Despite the fact that the work is more than 30 years old, it still has not lost its relevance and is in demand among people of all ages.

The textbook will not give deep knowledge of German, but after spending only 10 minutes a day, you can learn to communicate freely with the inhabitants of Germany, Austria, Switzerland. The author recommends not skipping the learning steps and be sure to start with "Step 1" even if you already have some of these skills. To consolidate, it is necessary to repeat the material covered. If some expressions cause difficulties, then you can always use a dictionary.

The training is easy. The manual contains puzzles and rebuses, pictures, as well as a list of the most commonly used expressions and words. According to the reviews, the textbook helped to master the necessary level of knowledge of the German language for quite understandable communication. A convenient pronunciation system helps a lot in the learning process. Many advise the book by K. Kershul for the rapid development of spoken German.

Advantages

lesson - only 10 minutes a day;
fast assimilation of the program;
understandable aids for better memorization;
wide vocabulary for communication;
unique pronunciation system.

Flaws

exclusively colloquial speech, does not teach grammar.

"German. 30 lessons. From zero to perfection” Bogdanov A.V.

The fourth line of the rating is the book of the famous linguist Alexander Vladimirovich Bogdanov, who, thanks to many years of practice, managed to create a unique learning system and began to use it from the beginning of the 90s of the XX century. It will help people even with a zero level of knowledge in 30 lessons to master the German language, understand speech fluently, and express themselves easily.

The first lesson starts with basic pronunciation rules. After learning them, you can proceed to more complex lessons. The material is presented easily, some moments even in a playful way, which allows you not to get hung up on some difficult moments, but to deal with them using both theoretical and practical exercises.

The manual completes the rating, which in a short time will teach the phonetic features of the German language, help you master pronunciation skills and communicate freely with the local population of Germany or Austria. It includes theoretical exercises that are quite easy and accessible to students, and even a beginner will not experience difficulties. The book is recommended for self-study, and for taking a course with a teacher.

The first stage includes familiarization with the peculiarities of pronunciation, basic information about phonetics. It ends with practical installation exercises. Further there is a characteristic sounds, a detailed analysis of each, as well as the features of their articulation. The authors will reveal the main rules of reading and spelling. The third part is completely devoted to German intonation. Here you can learn about melody and phrasal stress.

The final stage is additional training tasks and tongue twisters. At the end of the edition there is a dictionary with basic words and expressions. According to reviews, the book helps to quickly learn the pronunciation of native speakers, who then perfectly understand speech, and the person himself freely communicates with them.

Advantages

intensive pronunciation program;
reinforcing practical exercises;
available feed;
phonetic features of the language;
fluent communication in German.

Flaws

not detected.

Attention! This rating is subjective, is not an advertisement and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before buying, you need to consult with a specialist.

I think that first, so that interest in the language does not disappear, it is worth starting with materials that are entertaining and educational at the same time. In this regard, I can advise you the following:

German is a language that immediately starts with difficulties. The difficulty of this is the articles that determine the gender of the noun, and he - this gender - in German most often does not coincide with Russian (the most famous example here is "das Mädchen" - a girl who is neuter in German; the article das indicates the gender, and there are also der and die + indefinite ein and eine). So you either have to stupidly memorize ALL nouns along with the articles that belong to them, or use the game "Der-Die-Das", and it is an excellent tool for memorizing articles (and for replenishing vocabulary, by the way, too), since they are divided there into simple, medium and complex. Don't leave this game unattended.

Well, I will allow myself a little self-promotion) I once wrote small fairy tales on German grammar, and they were published on the de-online website. One of these tales is "How Nastya freed articles". People liked it) Read it, maybe it will somehow help you in studying articles.

There is also a good audio course for beginners: "Deutsch - Warum nicht?": Consisting of four episodes, it tells the story of a student journalist Andreas and his invisible companion Ax. Each series includes 26 lessons with dialogues, exercises and audio materials. There are textbooks for this course (one for each series), which are downloaded separately.

As for textbooks, in addition to "German Grammar with a Human Face" (a textbook with pure theory, without exercises), I can also recommend V. V. Yartsev's textbook "German Grammar? Don't be afraid!" the form of a journey in the forest through different glades. Exercises are offered for each section, and answers are given at the end of the textbook.

For memorization irregular verbs- the song "Die Poetischen Verben": these verbs are sung there in rhyme, thanks to which they are perfectly remembered. There are 40 irregular verbs in this song - for starters, that's it.

To memorize some prepositions - a poem by A. Khotimsky "Revived Prepositions".

After your level gets higher (about A2), you can start watching the comedy series "Extra Deutsch" in German, filmed specifically for beginners: each episode comes with German subtitles, the dialogues are quite simple and they are pronounced by the characters rather slowly - so that you will have time to hear everything clearly and read it. Each series in PDF format comes with exercises with keys, which is a definite plus. All this can be found at the link above.

Well, and as a bonus: a good site for learning German. I will not say unnecessary words, I will only say that there is EVERYTHING for learning German and getting to know the culture of Germany.

Good luck with your language learning! Viel Spas!